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but thicker wall (what now is termed remodelling). This confers to the vessel wall what corresponds to a longer lever, enabling them to contract against higher pressures. This can be seen as the beginning of a vicious circle, where an elevation of pressure causes remodelling that promotes further pressure elevation. Folkow's description of these vascular alterations has since been verified in a large number of studies.
20:
190:) in everyday blood-pressure control. His opinion was that individuals with a tendency to react more strongly with this response tend to develop higher blood pressure, since they more often get blood pressure elevation in response to common stressors. Even though the kidney is important for blood pressure control, he viewed it as subordinate to the brain.
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Folkow and coworkers studied the blood flow in the forearm in persons with high blood pressure, finding an elevated resistance to flow even in situations when the blood vessels would be fully dilated. This indicated a structural adaptation of the blood vessels to a state with smaller lumen diameter
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has a central role in blood pressure control. It thus attracted Folkow's attention early on, in particular following the mapping of this system. Combining quantification of the density of adrenergic varicosities in the vascular wall with estimates of noradrenaline release indicated that on average
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described that many blood vessels respond to an elevation of transmural pressure by constriction, finally reaching a diameter that is smaller than the initial diameter at the lower pressure. This observation, which had not received much attention at the time, was studied by Folkow as part of his
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This textbook was written by Folkow in collaboration with Eric Neil. It is a thorough description of the essential concepts in this area, and large parts of it remain relevant even today, although for obvious reasons more modern aspects are lacking. A follow-up was planned in the eighties in
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Partly because of his contacts with the professor of geriatrics in
Gothenburg, Alvar Svanborg, Folkow acquired an interest for the implications of physiological aging in cardiovascular control. This collaboration resulted in a major review article in this
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Possibly as a consequence of Folkow's interest in the interplay between body and mind he became interested in central nervous control of the cardiovascular system. He particularly pointed to the role of the defence-alarm reaction (the
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thesis work and subsequently for more than a decade. He described this mechanism as an essential element in vascular control. This is now well-established knowledge in cardiovascular physiology.
209:
in the nerve. It has since been found that transmitter release from a varicosity is intermittent, but whether all or only part of the vesicle's contents is released is still a matter of debate.
129:. He became full professor in 1961 and remained there until his retirement in 1987. Even after retirement he continued being active in the department until shortly before his death in 2012.
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Folkow, B; Grimby, G; Thulesius, O (1958). "Adaptive structural changes of the vascular walls in hypertension and their relation to the control of the peripheral resistance".
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870:
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Brock, JA; Cunnane, TC (1987). "Relationship between the nerve action potential and transmitter release from sympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals".
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Folkow published more than 400 scientific papers, covering most areas of cardiovascular physiology. He was an international authority in the field of
125:. He defended his thesis on 9 May 1949. Soon thereafter he became associate professor ('laborator') at the new Department of Physiology at the
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Folkow, B; Häggendal, J; Lisander, B (1967). "Extent of release and elimination of noradrenaline at peripheral adrenergic nerve terminals".
137:
752:"Only a fraction of quantal content is released during exocytosis as revealed by electrochemical cytometry of secretory vesicles"
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Folkow, B; Nilsson, H (1997). "Transmitter
Release at Adrenergic Nerve Endings: Total Exocytosis or Fractional Release?".
699:"'Porosome' discovered nearly 20 years ago provides molecular insights into the kiss-and-run mechanism of cell secretion"
234:, but due to differences in opinion on several aspects Folkow withdrew from the collaboration to save their friendship.
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98:
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Observationer rörande nervösa, kemiska och mekaniska faktorers betydelse för regleringen av de små blodkärlens tonus
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Academies of
Sciences. The European Society of Hypertension established the Björn Folkow Award and Lecture in 1989.
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392:"On the local reactions of the arterial wall to changes of internal pressure"
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The structural adaptation of blood vessels to elevated blood pressure.
838:. New York, London, Toronto: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–593.
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Folkow, B; Svanborg, A (1993). "Physiology of cardiovascular aging".
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156:. His main contributions arguably are found in the following areas:
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Folkow, B (1982). "Physiological aspects of primary hypertension".
110:
476:"Vascular remodelling of resistance vessels: can we define this?"
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The role of the central nervous system in cardiovascular control.
19:
114:
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Nilsson, H; Lundgren, O (2012). "Björn Folkow (1921-2012)".
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Folkow, B (1955). "Nervous control of the blood vessels".
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only a few per cent of the transmitter content of a
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876:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
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194:The function of the sympathetic nerve terminals.
85:; 13 October 1921 - 23 July 2012) was a Swedish
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205:was released from a given nerve terminal by an
871:Academic staff of the University of Gothenburg
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256:. Lund: Carl Bloms Boktryckeri. pp. 1–15.
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121:where he continued with doctoral studies in
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746:Omiatek, DM; Dong, Y; Heien, ML;
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134:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
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349:DiBona, GF; Mark, AL (2013).
268:"Sveriges statskalender 1984"
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834:Folkow, B; Neil, E (1971).
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132:Folkow was a member of the
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198:sympathetic nervous system
117:. He studied medicine at
109:Björn Folkow was born in
213:The physiology of aging.
188:fight-or-flight response
127:University of Gothenburg
95:University of Gothenburg
252:Folkow, Björn (1949).
89:. He was professor in
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856:Swedish physiologists
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592:. suppl. 307: 1–38.
474:Mulvany, MJ (1999).
390:Bayliss, WA (1902).
16:Swedish physiologist
633:1987Natur.326..605B
230:collaboration with
154:high blood pressure
148:Scientific activity
715:10.1111/jcmm.12598
590:Acta Physiol Scand
441:Acta Physiol Scand
307:10.1111/apha.12031
295:Acta Physiol (Oxf)
136:and member of the
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768:10.1021/cn900040e
756:ACS Chem Neurosci
697:Jena, BP (2015).
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627:(6113): 605–607.
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163:myogenic response
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87:physiologist
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866:2012 deaths
861:1921 births
836:Circulation
801:Physiol Rev
555:Physiol Rev
517:Physiol Rev
486:(1): 9–13.
232:Paul Korner
227:Circulation
850:Categories
334:January 1,
273:January 1,
239:References
123:physiology
91:physiology
748:Ewing, AG
678:: 32–36.
396:J Physiol
105:Biography
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750:(2010).
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221:Textbook
167:In 1902
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169:Bayliss
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196:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
