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in a ratio of six
Christians to five Muslims, based on the 1932 census, which has since been modified to represent followers of both religions equally. Most significantly, the three main constitutional offices (President, Prime Minister, and National Assembly Speaker) were respectively assigned to a
940:
El Khoury is widely considered a national hero in
Lebanon for his role in its independence, and to be one of the most significant figures in the modern politics of the country. However, he has been criticised for several points in his presidency, most notably
842:
and agreed not to seek French protection, and
Muslims agreed to accept the Lebanese state in its present boundaries and promised not to seek unification with neighbouring Syria. The Pact also distributed seats in the
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1508:
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830:, an agreement between Lebanon's Christian and Muslim leaders that forms the basis of the country's constitutional structure today although it was not codified in the
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under the unlikely name of the "Socialist Front". On 18 September 1952, amidst widespread demonstrations, the Front succeeded in forcing El Khoury's resignation.
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Massive demonstrations forced the Free French forces to release the prisoners, including Khoury, on 22 November 1943, a date now celebrated as
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leaders on whose powers his policies were beginning to impinge. In 1951 an alliance was formed between
Camille Chamoun,
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Middle East
International No 132, 29 August 1980; Publishers Lord Mayhew, Dennis Walters MP, David Gilmour, pp. 11-12
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minister prior to his election as president on 21 September 1943. He was a strong nationalist who opposed the
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who helped El Khoury financially and introduced him the ideas about the confessional power-sharing and
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Baroudi, Sami E. (2006). "Divergent
Perspectives among Lebanon's Maronites during the 1958 Crisis".
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A History of the Modern Middle East, 6th
Edition, by William L. Cleveland and Martin Bunton, p. 215
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El Khoury married Laura Shiha in 1922. She was the sister of banker and intellectual
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744:; 10 August 1890 – 11 January 1964) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 1st
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This article is about the
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Security Watch—Lebanon: A Reference Handbook: A Reference Handbook
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Khoury's years in office were marked by great economic growth, but the
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1001:. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 7.
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with its financial cost and with the influx of some 100,000
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of 1989. Christians accepted
Lebanon's affiliation with the
1073:(PhD thesis). SOAS, University of London. pp. 55, 90.
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Muslim, Lebanon's three largest confessions, respectively.
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Citizen Hariri and neoliberal politics in postwar Lebanon
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Khoury is remembered for his part in drawing up the
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Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
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151:21 September 1943 – 11 November 1943
88:22 November 1943 – 18 September 1952
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2160:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles
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2150:Knights of the National Order of the Cedar
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1094:Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies
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918:served as the governor of the Lebanese
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27:First President of Lebanon (1890–1964)
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1055:
661:Lebanese Forces (Lebanese Resistance)
228:9 May 1929 – 11 October 1929
1129:"كيف زوّرَت أوّل انتخابات لبنانيّة؟"
193:5 May 1927 – 10 August 1928
1126:
821:Lebanon's national independence day
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776:on 10 August 1890. He studied law.
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400:This article is part of a series on
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963:List of presidents of Lebanon
800:troops and imprisoned in the
804:for eleven days, along with
32:Bechara El Khoury (composer)
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10:
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2135:Prime ministers of Lebanon
1648:Prime ministers of Lebanon
1266:Prime Minister of Lebanon
995:David S. Sorenson (2009).
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1342:Privat-Antoine Aubouard
1067:Hannes Baumann (2012).
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64:Official portrait, 1947
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861:1948 Arab-Israeli War
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746:president of Lebanon
76:President of Lebanon
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784:Khoury founded the
760:Khoury was born in
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340:Constitutional Bloc
239:Habib Pacha Es-Saad
216:Habib Pacha Es-Saad
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1173:Political offices
926:Paul Peter Meouchi
766:Maronite Christian
204:Auguste Adib Pacha
103:Abdul Hamid Karami
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1982:Takieddin el-Solh
1957:Takieddin el-Solh
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1272:Succeeded by
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1224:Succeeded by
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1164:Bechara El Khoury
1162:Media related to
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845:National Assembly
742:بشارة خليل الخوري
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517:Bechara El Khoury
407:Maronite politics
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51:بشارة خليل الخوري
18:Bishara el-Khoury
16:(Redirected from
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1900:
1898:
1897:Rashid Karami
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Abdallah Yafi
1880:
1878:
1877:Rashid Karami
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Abdallah Yafi
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:Khaled Chehab
1855:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Abdallah Yafi
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1795:
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1784:
1780:
1773:
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1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Khaled Chehab
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
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1603:
1597:
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1577:
1575:
1574:1989 (24 Nov)
1572:
1570:
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1565:
1562:
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1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1448:Amine Gemayel
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:Charles Helou
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
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1386:
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1324:
1318:
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1306:
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1299:
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1287:
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1267:
1261:
1255:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1230:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
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1080:
1076:
1072:
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1063:
1061:
1059:
1049:
1040:
1024:
1018:
1010:
1004:
1000:
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991:
989:
984:
974:
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969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
954:
952:
948:
944:
933:
931:
927:
923:
921:
917:
912:
910:
906:
899:Personal life
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
828:National Pact
824:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
802:Rashaya Tower
799:
795:
791:
787:
777:
775:
771:
770:Aley district
767:
763:
753:
751:
747:
739:
735:
724:
719:
717:
712:
710:
705:
704:
702:
701:
698:
694:
690:
689:
682:
679:
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669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
652:
651:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
618:National Bloc
616:
614:
611:
610:
604:
603:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
566:
565:
558:
557:Gebran Bassil
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:Amine Gemayel
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
498:
497:
487:
480:
473:
462:
455:
448:
437:
430:
423:
413:
412:
409:
404:
403:
399:
398:
390:
387:
384:
380:
376:
373:
369:
366:
362:
359:3, including
358:
354:
351:
348:
344:
341:
338:
334:
330:
325:
320:
315:
312:
308:
304:
295:
291:
288:
284:
283:Aley District
280:
268:
264:
259:
255:
252:
249:
243:
240:
237:
231:
225:
220:
217:
214:
208:
205:
202:
196:
190:
185:
182:
178:
175:
172:
166:
163:
160:
154:
148:
143:
140:
137:
131:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
91:
85:
80:
77:
72:
68:
61:
56:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2079:Najib Mikati
2064:Tammam Salam
2059:Najib Mikati
2044:Najib Mikati
2034:Rafic Hariri
2024:Rafic Hariri
2001:
1887:Sami as-Solh
1872:Sami as-Solh
1841:Nazem Akkari
1836:Sami as-Solh
1821:Riad Al Solh
1811:Sami as-Solh
1801:Riad Al Solh
1786:(since 1943)
1762:Sami as-Solh
1700:
1690:
1680:
1593:
1569:1989 (5 Nov)
1483:Émile Lahoud
1452:
1440:
1436:Élias Sarkis
1404:
1394:
1388:(since 1943)
1265:
1240:
1217:
1186:
1137:. Retrieved
1132:
1122:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1069:
1048:
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1025:. Rulers.org
1017:
997:
939:
924:
920:central bank
913:
905:Michel Shiha
902:
881:Raymond Eddé
858:
852:Muslim, and
825:
818:
806:Riad Al Solh
783:
759:
733:
732:
516:
507:Samir Geagea
298:(1964-01-11)
246:Succeeded by
223:
211:Succeeded by
188:
169:Succeeded by
146:
134:Succeeded by
123:Nazem Akkari
83:
36:
2115:1964 deaths
2110:1890 births
2074:Hassan Diab
2069:Saad Hariri
2054:Saad Hariri
2039:Omar Karami
2019:Rachid Solh
2014:Omar Karami
2003:Michel Aoun
1962:Rachid Solh
1952:Amine Hafez
1902:Ahmad Daouk
1851:Fuad Chehab
1767:Ayoub Tabet
1757:Ahmad Daouk
1726:Ayoub Tabet
1666:(1918–1943)
1493:Michel Aoun
1478:Elias Hrawi
1467:René Moawad
1454:Michel Aoun
1421:Fuad Chehab
1410:Fuad Chehab
1369:Ayoub Tabet
1330:(1918–1943)
1198:Fuad Chehab
1135:(in Arabic)
1133:almodon.com
928:, Maronite
840:Arab League
798:Free French
552:Michel Aoun
377:(1914–1919)
350:Laure Shiha
331:(1943–1964)
326:(1920–1943)
321:(1918–1920)
316:(1890–1918)
310:Citizenship
234:Preceded by
199:Preceded by
157:Preceded by
2104:Categories
1947:Saeb Salam
1907:Saeb Salam
1862:Saeb Salam
1846:Saeb Salam
1772:Petro Trad
1706:Émile Eddé
1564:1982 (Sep)
1559:1982 (Aug)
1472:Selim Hoss
1461:Selim Hoss
1400:Émile Eddé
1375:Petro Trad
1353:Émile Eddé
1269:1927–1928
1251:Émile Eddé
1226:Émile Eddé
1212:Petro Trad
1192:1943–1952
1181:Émile Eddé
1139:1 December
979:References
973:Émile Eddé
943:corruption
834:until the
512:Émile Eddé
272:1890-08-10
251:Émile Eddé
174:Émile Eddé
162:Petro Trad
127:Saeb Salam
1595:2022–2024
1589:2014–2016
1502:Elections
1127:علي نور.
1114:144148781
676:Al-Tanzim
371:Residence
305:, Lebanon
224:In office
189:In office
147:In office
107:Sami Solh
99:Riad Solh
84:In office
1100:(1): 7.
957:See also
947:nepotism
914:His son
889:Phalange
762:Rechmaya
655:Militias
580:Frangieh
569:Families
382:Religion
356:Children
279:Rechmaya
1029:24 July
790:cabinet
607:Parties
585:Gemayel
575:Chamoun
329:Lebanon
1608:Acting
1202:Acting
1112:
1005:
949:, and
936:Legacy
738:Arabic
671:Tigers
628:Kataeb
595:Moawad
590:Khazen
501:People
346:Spouse
303:Beirut
1246:1929
1221:1943
1110:S2CID
873:Za'im
854:Shi'a
850:Sunni
375:Cairo
1653:List
1584:2008
1579:1998
1554:1976
1549:1970
1544:1964
1539:1958
1534:1952
1529:1948
1524:1943
1519:1936
1514:1929
1509:1926
1317:List
1141:2020
1031:2012
1003:ISBN
891:and
363:and
293:Died
266:Born
74:1st
1102:doi
1075:doi
812:),
2106::
2089:*
1606:*
1131:.
1108:.
1098:15
1096:.
1057:^
987:^
953:.
945:,
911:.
887:,
883:,
879:,
823:.
772:,
740::
285:,
281:,
1853:*
1748:*
1655:)
1651:(
1640:e
1633:t
1626:v
1474:*
1463:*
1457:*
1412:*
1371:*
1360:*
1344:*
1319:)
1315:(
1304:e
1297:t
1290:v
1143:.
1116:.
1104::
1081:.
1077::
1033:.
1011:.
808:(
736:(
722:e
715:t
708:v
274:)
270:(
34:.
20:)
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