1982:
1763:
2048:
38:
1953:
join other fruit-eating species at a fruiting tree, they will not associate with them otherwise and will not stay with other species for long. Fruit is eaten while perched and not in the air, and birds-of-paradise are able to use their feet as tools to manipulate and hold their food, allowing them to extract certain capsular fruit. There is some niche differentiation in fruit choice by species and any one species will only consume a limited number of fruit types compared to the large choice available. For example, the
89:
1919:
4236:
1818:. The female plumage of the dimorphic species is typically drab to blend in with their habitat, unlike the bright attractive colours found on the males. Younger males of these species have female-like plumage, and sexual maturity takes a long time, with the full adult plumage not being obtained for up to seven years. This affords the younger males protection from predators of more subdued colours and also reduces hostility from adult males.
4246:
2095:. This species was described from specimens brought back to Europe from trading expeditions in the early sixteenth century. These specimens had been prepared by native traders by removing their wings and feet so that they could be used as decorations. This was not known to the explorers, and in the absence of information, many beliefs arose about them. They were briefly thought to be the mythical
2280:
1790:, with its long tail, is the longest species at 110 cm (43 in). In most species, the tails of the males are larger and longer than those of the females, the differences ranging from slight to extreme. The wings are rounded and in some species structurally modified on the males in order to make sound. There is considerable variation in the family with regard to
1750:
early 20th centuries are now generally considered to be hybrids, though some are still subject to dispute; their status is not likely to be settled definitely without genetic examination of museum specimens, which will come soon in summer 2021 in North
America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia, and some birds in an aviary in
2179:
Hunting of birds of paradise has occurred for a long time, possibly since the beginning of human settlement. It is a peculiarity that among the most frequently-hunted species, males start mating opportunistically even before they grow their ornamental plumage. This may be an adaptation to maintaining
1936:
The diet of the birds-of-paradise is dominated by fruit and arthropods, although small amounts of nectar and small vertebrates may also be taken. The ratio of the two food types varies by species, with fruit predominating in some species, and arthropods dominating the diet in others. The ratio of the
1749:
realised that hybridisation among birds-of-paradise might be an explanation as to why so many of the described species were so rare, he examined many controversial specimens and, during the 1920s and 1930s, published several papers on his hypothesis. Many of the species described in the late 19th and
1952:
Even the birds-of-paradise that are primarily insect eaters will still take large amounts of fruit. The family is overall an important seed disperser for the forests of New Guinea, as they do not digest the seeds. Species that feed on fruit will range widely searching for fruit, and while they may
2009:
species, have highly ritualised mating dances. Across the family (Paradisaeidae), female preference is incredibly important in shaping the courtship behaviors of males and, in fact, drives the evolution of ornamental combinations of sound, color, and behavior. Males are
384:) were treated as a subfamily of the birds-of-paradise, Cnemophilinae. In spite of differences in the mouth, foot morphology, and nesting habits they remained in the family until a 2000 study moved them to a separate family closer to the berrypeckers and longbills (
2038:
varies among the species and is not known for every species. For larger species, it is almost always just one egg, but smaller species may produce clutches of 2–3 eggs. Eggs hatch after 16–22 days, and the young leave the nest at between 16 and 30 days of age.
2026:
is frequent in these birds, suggesting the polygamous species of bird of paradise are very closely related despite being in different genera. Many hybrids have been described as new species in the past, and doubt remains regarding whether some forms, such as
2199:
for the millinery trade was extensive in the late 19th and early 20th century, but today the birds have legal protection except for hunting at a sustainable level to fulfill the ceremonial needs of the local tribal population. In the case of
3247:
2115:
wrote that "The people told us that those birds came from the terrestrial paradise, and they call them bolon diuata, that is to say, 'birds of God'." This is the origin of both the name "bird of paradise" and the specific name
2099:. The often footless and wingless condition of the skins led to the belief that the birds never landed but were kept permanently aloft by their plumes. The first Europeans to encounter their skins were the voyagers in
1870:. The remaining species are restricted to New Guinea and some of the surrounding islands. Many species have very small ranges, particularly those with restricted habitat types such as mid-montane forest (like the
308:
of all species to examine the relationships within the family and to its nearest relatives estimated that the family emerged 24 million years ago, earlier than previous estimates. The study identified five
2193:(published in 1869). His expedition team shot, collected, and described many specimens of animals and birds, including the great, king, twelve-wired, superb, red, and six-shafted birds of paradise.
1905:, which inhabits both forest and open savanna woodland. Mid-montane habitats are the most commonly occupied habitat, with thirty of the forty species occurring in the 1000–2000 m altitudinal band.
1798:. As with body size, bill size varies between the sexes, although species where the females have larger bills than the males are more common, particularly in the insect-eating species.
396:
family. In addition to these three species, a number of systematically enigmatic species and genera have been considered potential members of this family. The two species in the genus
1742:
Hybrid birds-of-paradise may occur when individuals of different species, that look similar and have overlapping ranges, confuse each other for their own species and crossbreed.
2889:
Irestedt, M.; Batalha-Filho, H.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Christidis, L.; Schodde, R. (2017). "Phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomic consequences in a bird-of-paradise species complex,
408:
has been linked with the birds-of-paradise many times since its discovery, but never formally assigned to the family. Recent molecular evidence now places the species with the
2132:
In recent years the availability of pictures and videos about birds of paradise on the internet has raised the interest of birdwatchers around the world. Many of them fly to
400:, also from New Guinea, have been linked with the birds-of-paradise, but their relationships remain uncertain, more recently being linked with the Australian mudnesters. The
2419:
Ligon, Russell A.; Diaz, Christopher D.; Morano, Janelle L.; Troscianko, Jolyon; Stevens, Martin; Moskeland, Annalyse; Laman, Timothy G.; Iii, Edwin
Scholes (2018-11-20).
2034:
Birds-of-paradise build their nests from soft materials, such as leaves, ferns, and vine tendrils, typically placed in a tree fork. The typical number of eggs in each
3040:
Ligon, Russell A.; Diaz, Christopher D.; Morano, Janelle L.; Troscianko, Jolyon; Stevens, Martin; Moskeland, Annalyse; Laman, Timothy G.; Scholes III, Edwin (2019).
230:. The males of these species tend to have very long, elaborate feathers extending from the beak, wings, tail, or head. For the most part, they are confined to dense
3450:
Cribb, Robert (1997). "Birds of paradise and environmental politics in colonial
Indonesia, 1890–1931". In Boomgaard, Peter; Columbijn, Freek; Henley, David (eds.).
2336:
3480:
2780:
2691:
Firth, Clifford B.; Firth, Dawn W. (2009). "Family
Paradisaeidae (Birds-of-paradise)". In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David (eds.).
4404:
1860:, one occurs in both Australia and New Guinea, and one is only found in New Guinea. The only other genus to have a species outside New Guinea is
289:, the two are now thought to be only distantly related. The closest evolutionary relatives of the birds-of-paradise are the crow and jay family
4499:
4430:
4183:
2165:
2028:
1804:
variation between the sexes is closely related to the breeding system. The manucodes and paradise-crow, which are socially monogamous, are
3578:
4128:
2617:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. 158, 264.
3400:"Reproduction by Captive Unplumed Male Lesser Bird of Paradise Paradisaea minor : Evidence for an Alternative Mating Strategy?"
1981:
1889:, nearly all of them solitary tree dwellers. Several species have been recorded in coastal mangroves. The southernmost species, the
4378:
3521:
3096:"Discovery of a rare hybrid specimen known as Maria's bird of paradise at the Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum in Braunschweig"
4417:
2844:
2124:
used the term Mamuco Diata, a variant of
Manucodiata, which was used as a synonym for birds-of-paradise up to the 19th century.
2483:"On the characters and natural affinities of several new birds from Australasia; including some observations on the Columbidae"
2925:
4148:
3493:
2700:
4422:
2849:(Aves: Passeriformes) – An example of avian dispersal between New Guinea and Fiji over Miocene intermittent land bridges?"
3527:
1945:
may feed lower down in the middle storey. Frugivores are more social than the insectivores, which are more solitary and
4158:
3459:
3316:
3196:
2171:
This activity significantly reduces the number of local villagers who are involved in the hunting of paradise birds.
20:
4208:
4203:
4178:
4118:
4083:
1737:
4435:
4198:
3828:
3571:
2314:
1304:
326:
3082:
4249:
4143:
4108:
3398:
Laska, Mark S.; Hutchins, Michael; Sheppard, Christine; Worth, Wendy; Hundgen, Kurt; Bruning, Don (Jun 1992).
1814:, which are polygamous. All these species have generally black plumage with varying amounts of green and blue
4193:
4009:
1610:
1586:
2180:
population levels in the face of hunting pressures, which have probably been present for hundreds of years.
4153:
4133:
4044:
3968:
3963:
1875:
1665:
1560:
1551:
1521:
1512:
2011:
247:
88:
4326:
4168:
4113:
2059:
2250:
The
Indonesian Army has a Military Area Command named after "Cenderawasih", the local name for the bird.
1794:
shape. Bills may be long and decurved, as in the sicklebills and riflebirds, or small and slim like the
4213:
4188:
4173:
3564:
3234:
2385:
3042:"Evolution of correlated complexity in the radically different courtship signals of birds-of-paradise"
2421:"Evolution of correlated complexity in the radically different courtship signals of birds-of-paradise"
4445:
4123:
4039:
3690:
2121:
1970:
1958:
1656:
1078:
389:
45:
2352:
The authority for the family
Paradisaeidae has traditionally been attributed to the Irish zoologist
4054:
4034:
3853:
3725:
2243:
2227:
2088:
2052:
1683:
1647:
1339:
1146:
3539:
4304:
4029:
3938:
3893:
3760:
3720:
3680:
3655:
3308:
2636:
2353:
1902:
1638:
1468:
1405:
1199:
1137:
1051:
1016:
321:, and all the other birds-of-paradise, to be 10 million years ago. The second clade includes the
4471:
420:
A genus level phylogeny of the family has been determined by Martin
Irestedt and collaborators.
4494:
4266:
4239:
3943:
3755:
1929:
1477:
1190:
368:
The exact limits of the family have been the subject of revision as well. The three species of
313:
within the family, and placed the split between the first clade, which contains the monogamous
4466:
4458:
4409:
4163:
4059:
3973:
3878:
3695:
3515:
3039:
2478:
2189:
2184:
1783:
1779:
1762:
1709:
1503:
1378:
1087:
278:
165:
3556:
4352:
4313:
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4103:
4098:
4049:
1674:
298:
2843:
Irested, Martin; Fuchs, J; Jønsson, KA; Ohlson, JI; Pasquet, E; Ericson, Per G.P. (2009).
8:
3810:
3790:
3399:
2576:
Linnaeus, 1758 and
Paradisaeidae Swainson, 1825 (Aves): proposed conservation of usage".
2511:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. pp.
2096:
2067:
2019:
1280:
1243:
239:
58:
2958:
Heads, M (2001). "Birds of paradise, biogeography and ecology in New Guinea: a review".
3888:
3883:
3800:
3333:"Rare Footage of New Bird of Paradise Species Shows Odd Courtship Dance | Nat Geo Wild"
3285:
3166:
3068:
3041:
3022:
2975:
2802:
2771:
2747:
2720:
2656:
2593:
2551:
2455:
2420:
2264:
2238:
2133:
2100:
2015:
1962:
1946:
1890:
1834:; all but two genera are found in New Guinea. Those other two are the monotypic genera
1396:
1387:
1261:
294:
243:
227:
83:
4318:
2641:"Observations on the natural affinities that connect the orders and families of birds"
4453:
4339:
4331:
3848:
3750:
3660:
3489:
3455:
3419:
3380:
3312:
3289:
3192:
3158:
3117:
3073:
3014:
2971:
2871:
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2752:
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2460:
2442:
2294:
2112:
2047:
1966:
1330:
1181:
1025:
305:
3026:
2979:
2597:
2555:
2482:
281:. For many years the birds-of-paradise were treated as being closely related to the
3918:
3913:
3858:
3700:
3591:
3531:
3411:
3370:
3277:
3225:
3148:
3107:
3063:
3053:
3006:
2967:
2929:
2906:
2863:
2824:
Sibley, . & Ahlquist, J. (1987). "The Lesser
Melampitta is a Bird of Paradise"
2797:
2789:
2742:
2732:
2652:
2618:
2585:
2543:
2529:
2450:
2432:
2389:
2357:
2289:
2104:
2062:, and the plumes were popular in Europe in past centuries as adornment for ladies'
2023:
1989:
Most species have elaborate mating rituals, with at least eight species exhibiting
1954:
1871:
1787:
1767:
1751:
1746:
1442:
1433:
1348:
1111:
385:
211:
192:
37:
2640:
2516:
2512:
4344:
3805:
3785:
3058:
2693:
Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14, Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows
2612:
2437:
2319:
1270:
1234:
1060:
3545:
3538:
2995:"Display dispersion and diet of birds of paradise: a comparison of nine species"
2910:
2867:
2719:
Irestedt, M.; Jønsson, K.A.; Fjeldså, J.; Christidis, L.; Ericson, P.G. (2009).
3795:
3745:
1847:
1252:
1172:
234:
habitats. The diet of all species is dominated by fruit and to a lesser extent
3375:
3358:
3332:
2136:
to watch various species of birds of paradise from Wilson's Bird of Paradise (
4488:
4289:
3765:
3685:
3423:
3384:
3162:
3121:
3018:
2826:
2772:"What is not a bird of paradise? Molecular and morphological evidence places
2504:
2446:
2324:
2260:
2196:
2071:
2035:
1836:
1805:
1208:
1069:
380:
318:
199:
2776:
in the Meliphagidae and the Cnemophilinae near the base of the corvoid tree"
2737:
2393:
1937:
two will affect other aspects of the behaviour of the species; for example,
3991:
3077:
2875:
2811:
2793:
2756:
2464:
2284:
2231:
2202:
2084:
2070:
have reduced some species to endangered status; habitat destruction due to
1924:
1842:
1827:
904:
539:
258:
2589:
2547:
2534:
Linnaeus, 1758 and PARADISAEIDAE Swainson, 1825 (Aves): names conserved".
4391:
4298:
3929:
3711:
3112:
3095:
1942:
1938:
1918:
1886:
1862:
1815:
1810:
1540:
1459:
1128:
870:
784:
623:
471:
374:
349:, although some of these are questionable. The fourth clade includes the
285:. Today while both are treated as being part of the Australasian lineage
238:. The birds-of-paradise have a variety of breeding systems, ranging from
19:
This article is about the bird family Paradisaeidae. For other uses, see
3509:
3452:
Paper landscapes: explorations in the environmental history of Indonesia
2994:
4020:
3954:
3229:
3170:
3010:
2721:"An unexpectedly long history of sexual selection in birds-of-paradise"
2141:
2079:
1999:
1990:
1901:
are the most plastic in their habitat requirements; in particular, the
1882:
1867:
1831:
1627:
922:
852:
657:
605:
393:
274:
269:
The family Paradisaeidae was introduced (as Paradiseidae) in 1825 with
254:
235:
231:
4081:
3415:
2888:
2263:, before the establishment of a republic. Now, the crown is housed in
1881:
The majority of birds-of-paradise live in tropical forests, including
4396:
4365:
3904:
3839:
2207:
1894:
1857:
1424:
1321:
1042:
1007:
759:
682:
489:
446:
369:
282:
215:
207:
150:
140:
100:
4383:
4260:
3153:
3136:
2622:
4370:
4283:
3869:
3736:
3671:
3281:
3268:
Harrison, Thomas P. (1960). "Bird of Paradise: Phoenix Redivivus".
2255:
2058:
Societies of New Guinea often use bird-of-paradise plumes in their
1898:
1852:
1795:
1775:
1367:
1163:
802:
700:
401:
329:. The third clade provisionally contains several genera, including
314:
290:
120:
1985:
A male Victoria's riflebird displays and is inspected by a female.
1897:, lives in sub-tropical and temperate wet forests. As a group the
3776:
3634:
3609:
3482:
Birds of Paradise, Revealing the World's Most Extraordinary Birds
2005:
1801:
1786:
at 44 cm (17 in) and 430 g (15 oz). The male
1225:
557:
409:
322:
286:
223:
203:
3359:"Flights of fancy: The bird of paradise and its cultural impact"
3248:"Flights of fancy: The bird of paradise and its cultural impact"
2718:
1782:
at 50 g (1.8 oz) and 15 cm (5.9 in) to the
1866:, one representative of which is found in the extreme north of
219:
110:
3544:
4357:
3622:
3605:
3586:
2530:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2012). "
2108:
310:
73:
67:
1850:, to the west of New Guinea. Of the riflebirds in the genus
222:. The members of this family are perhaps best known for the
2226:
An adult-plumaged male bird-of-paradise is depicted on the
2220:
1791:
405:
130:
3454:. Leiden, The Netherlands: KITLV Press. pp. 379–408.
3397:
2394:"Crows, mudnesters, melampittas, Ifrit, birds-of-paradise"
2842:
2418:
2063:
3478:
3212:
Mackay, Margaret D. (1990). "The Egg of Wahnes' Parotia
226:
of the males of the species, the majority of which are
2572:
Schodde, R.; LeCroy, M.; Bock, W.J. (2010). "Case 3500
2187:
spent six years in the region, which he chronicled in
2614:
History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names
2384:
1856:, two are endemic to the coastal forests of eastern
2992:
2337:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
2237:The various members of the family were profiled by
1941:species tend to feed in the forest canopy, whereas
3187:Frith, Clifford B. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph (ed.).
3186:
2993:Beehler, Bruce; Pruett-Jones, Stephen G. (1983).
2769:
2571:
2140:) and Red Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea rubra) in
4486:
2253:The plume from the bird of paradise was used in
392:was actually a member of the large Australasian
357:and the astrapias. The final clade includes the
2917:
2695:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 404–459.
3572:
3191:. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 228–231.
2645:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London
2022:in at least some of the monomorphic species.
1774:Birds-of-paradise are closely related to the
1526:Cicinnurus respublica/Diphyllodes respublica
1517:Cicinurrus magnificus/Diphyllodes magnificus
3134:
2714:
2712:
2042:
1821:
1778:. Birds-of-paradise range in size from the
3579:
3565:
3135:Smith, Kimberly G.; Fuller, Errol (1997).
2845:"The systematic affinity of the enigmatic
2690:
36:
16:Family of birds of the order Passeriformes
4184:Rothschild's lobe-billed bird-of-paradise
3512:website by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology
3374:
3152:
3111:
3067:
3057:
2899:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2801:
2746:
2736:
2567:
2565:
2454:
2436:
2029:Rothschild's lobe-billed bird-of-paradise
1928:are an important part of the diet of the
3267:
2953:
2951:
2763:
2709:
2503:
2477:
2120:– without feet. An alternate account by
2077:Best known are the members of the genus
2046:
1980:
1917:
1908:
1761:
4129:Duivenbode's six-wired bird-of-paradise
3302:
3033:
2686:
4487:
3604:
3356:
3245:
3211:
3182:
3180:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2635:
2562:
2219:The southern hemisphere constellation
4500:Taxa named by Nicholas Aylward Vigors
4265:
4264:
4080:
3603:
3560:
3449:
3305:A Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
2957:
2948:
2856:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2400:. International Ornithologists' Union
2183:The naturalist, explorer, and author
2160:), and Magnificent Bird of Paradise (
4446:41b37938-51c8-472c-a1a2-fb48d7cb4433
4245:
3093:
2770:Cracraft, J.; Feinstein, J. (2000).
2610:
997:
3479:Laman, Tim; Scholes, Edwin (2012).
3177:
2999:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
2663:
2578:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
2536:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
1913:
1846:, both of which are endemic to the
13:
4149:King of Holland's bird-of-paradise
3516:Bird-of-paradise videos and images
3363:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
3255:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
2657:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1823.tb00098.x
2378:
2364:was not intended as a family name.
1965:focuses mostly on berries and the
1961:will eat mostly figs, whereas the
543:– King of Saxony bird-of-paradise
218:. The family has 45 species in 17
14:
4511:
4159:Lyre-tailed king bird-of-paradise
3503:
2213:
388:). The same study found that the
4244:
4235:
4234:
3547:The New Student's Reference Work
3524:produced for National Geographic
3246:Andaya, Leonard (October 2017).
2972:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00600.x
2398:IOC World Bird List Version 12.1
2356:. Vigors was constrained by the
2278:
1738:List of hybrid birds-of-paradise
926:– birds-of-paradise (6 species)
874:– birds-of-paradise (2 species)
661:– standardwing bird-of-paradise
609:– twelve-wired bird-of-paradise
297:, and the Australian mudnesters
87:
4084:likely hybrid birds-of-paradise
3829:King of Saxony bird-of-paradise
3518:on the Internet Bird Collection
3488:. National Geographic Society.
3472:
3443:
3430:
3391:
3350:
3325:
3296:
3261:
3239:
3205:
3189:Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds
3128:
3087:
2986:
2882:
2836:
2818:
2346:
2327:spelled the genus name as both
2127:
2074:is now the predominant threat.
1874:) or island endemics (like the
1826:The centre of bird-of-paradise
1305:King of Saxony bird-of-paradise
327:King of Saxony bird-of-paradise
2629:
2604:
2523:
2497:
2471:
2412:
2307:
2259:, the royal crown worn by the
2223:represents a bird-of-paradise.
1757:
1:
4209:Wilhelmina's bird-of-paradise
4204:Stresemann's bird-of-paradise
4179:Rothschild's bird-of-paradise
4119:Duivenbode's bird-of-paradise
4010:Twelve-wired bird-of-paradise
3522:Birds-of-paradise infographic
2371:
2156:), crescent-caped lophorina (
2144:to Lesser Birds of Paradise (
1993:systems, including the genus
1611:Twelve-wired bird-of-paradise
1587:Standardwing bird-of-paradise
450:– paradise-crows (2 species)
4199:Sharpe's lobe-billed parotia
3964:Magnificent bird-of-paradise
3137:"The Lost Birds of Paradise"
3100:Zoosystematics and Evolution
3059:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006962
2438:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006962
2206:plumes, scavenging from old
1973:take mostly capsular fruit.
1808:. So are the two species of
1552:Magnificent bird-of-paradise
1513:Magnificent bird-of-paradise
415:
390:Macgregor's bird-of-paradise
7:
4144:Gilliard's bird-of-paradise
4109:Bensbach's bird-of-paradise
3632:
3357:Andaya, Leonard Y. (2017).
2868:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.038
2271:
1976:
788:– paradigallas (2 species)
304:A 2009 study examining the
264:
10:
4516:
4214:Wonderful bird-of-paradise
4194:Schodde's bird-of-paradise
4174:Mysterious bird of Bobairo
3440:. London: Macmillan, 1869.
3303:Jobling, James A. (1991).
3094:Koch, André (2018-05-31).
2174:
2152:), King Bird of Paradise (
2148:), Magnificent Riflebird (
2066:. Hunting for plumes and
1735:
1731:
992:
763:– sicklebills (2 species)
627:– sicklebills (2 species)
293:, the monarch flycatchers
277:by the English naturalist
18:
4273:
4230:
4154:Lupton's bird-of-paradise
4134:Elliot's bird-of-paradise
4094:
4090:
4076:
4045:Goldie's bird-of-paradise
4040:Raggiana bird-of-paradise
4018:
4000:
3982:
3969:Wilson's bird-of-paradise
3952:
3927:
3902:
3867:
3837:
3819:
3774:
3734:
3709:
3691:Crinkle-collared manucode
3669:
3646:
3631:
3620:
3616:
3599:
3540:"Birds-of-Paradise"
3510:Birds-of-Paradise Project
3404:Emu - Austral Ornithology
3376:10.1017/S0022463417000546
2911:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx004
2197:Hunting to provide plumes
2122:Maximilianus Transylvanus
1971:raggiana bird-of-paradise
1959:crinkle-collared manucode
1876:Wilson's bird-of-paradise
1766:Sicklebills such as this
1666:Goldie's bird-of-paradise
1657:Raggiana bird-of-paradise
1561:Wilson's bird-of-paradise
1522:Wilson's bird-of-paradise
1079:Crinkle-collared manucode
919:
901:
894:
867:
849:
842:
835:
799:
781:
774:
756:
749:
742:
704:– riflebirds (4 species)
697:
686:– lophorinas (3 species)
679:
672:
654:
647:
620:
602:
595:
588:
581:
554:
536:
529:
522:
486:
468:
461:
443:
436:
429:
178:
173:
84:Scientific classification
82:
65:
56:
46:Raggiana bird-of-paradise
44:
35:
30:
4169:Maria's bird-of-paradise
4114:Blood's bird-of-paradise
4055:Emperor bird-of-paradise
4035:Greater bird-of-paradise
3854:Crescent-caped lophorina
3726:Short-tailed paradigalla
3436:Wallace, Alfred Russel.
2897:(Aves: Paradisaeidae)".
2725:BMC Evolutionary Biology
2637:Vigors, Nicholas Aylward
2611:Bock, Walter J. (1994).
2339:suppressed the spelling
2300:
2265:Naraynhiti Palace Museum
2244:Attenborough in Paradise
2228:flag of Papua New Guinea
2089:greater bird-of-paradise
2053:greater bird-of-paradise
2043:Relationship with humans
1822:Distribution and habitat
1684:Emperor bird-of-paradise
1648:Greater bird-of-paradise
1340:Crescent-caped lophorina
1147:Short-tailed paradigalla
908:– blue bird-of-paradise
856:– King bird-of-paradise
806:– astrapias (5 species)
493:– manucodes (5 species)
253:A number of species are
4189:Ruys's bird-of-paradise
4030:Lesser bird-of-paradise
3939:Black-billed sicklebill
3721:Long-tailed paradigalla
3681:Glossy-mantled manucode
3656:Halmahera paradise-crow
3309:Oxford University Press
2960:Journal of Biogeography
2738:10.1186/1471-2148-9-235
2392:, eds. (January 2022).
2354:Nicholas Aylward Vigors
1903:glossy-mantled manucode
1830:is the large island of
1639:Lesser bird-of-paradise
1615:Seleucidis melanoleucus
1469:Black-billed sicklebill
1186:Astrapia splendidissima
1142:Paradigalla carunculata
1138:Long-tailed paradigalla
1116:Phonygammus keraudrenii
1052:Glossy-mantled manucode
1017:Halmahera paradise-crow
561:– parotias (6 species)
4124:Duivenbode's riflebird
3944:Pale-billed sicklebill
3756:Ribbon-tailed astrapia
2945:, Accessed Feb 3, 2011
2794:10.1098/rspb.2000.0992
2479:Swainson, William John
2210:bowers is encouraged.
2162:Diphyllodes magnificus
2138:Diphyllodes respublica
2055:
1997:. Others, such as the
1986:
1933:
1930:ribbon-tailed astrapia
1771:
1565:Diphyllodes respublica
1556:Diphyllodes magnificus
1478:Pale-billed sicklebill
1191:Ribbon-tailed astrapia
1151:Paradigalla brevicauda
1021:Lycocorax pyrrhopterus
180:17 genera, 45 species
4467:Paleobiology Database
4060:Blue bird-of-paradise
3974:King bird-of-paradise
3879:Magnificent riflebird
3696:Curl-crested manucode
3438:The Malay Archipelago
2590:10.21805/bzn.v67i1.a8
2548:10.21805/bzn.v69i1.a5
2190:The Malay Archipelago
2185:Alfred Russel Wallace
2050:
1984:
1921:
1909:Behaviour and ecology
1784:curl-crested manucode
1780:king bird-of-paradise
1765:
1714:Paradisornis rudolphi
1710:Blue bird-of-paradise
1504:King bird-of-paradise
1473:Drepanornis albertisi
1379:Magnificent riflebird
1088:Curl-crested manucode
279:William John Swainson
206:are found in eastern
4139:False-lobed astrapia
4099:Astrapian sicklebill
4050:Red bird-of-paradise
3894:Victoria's riflebird
3761:Stephanie's astrapia
3113:10.3897/zse.94.25139
1922:Fruits of the genus
1806:sexually monomorphic
1770:have decurved bills.
1688:Paradisaea guilielmi
1675:Red bird-of-paradise
1482:Drepanornis bruijnii
1406:Victoria's riflebird
1392:Ptiloris intercedens
1309:Pteridophora alberti
1213:Astrapia rothschildi
1200:Stephanie's astrapia
1083:Manucodia chalybatus
4082:Incomplete list of
2926:"Birds of Paradise"
2847:Lamprolia victoriae
2150:Ptiloris magnificus
2068:habitat destruction
1661:Paradisaea raggiana
1591:Semioptera wallacii
1401:Ptiloris paradiseus
1383:Ptiloris magnificus
1204:Astrapia stephaniae
1074:Manucodia jobiensis
475:– trumpet manucode
365:birds-of-paradise.
191:are members of the
59:Conservation status
50:Paradisaea raggiana
4164:Mantou's riflebird
3889:Paradise riflebird
3884:Growling riflebird
3311:. pp. 15–16.
3230:10.1071/mu9900269a
3216:(Paradisaeidae)".
3011:10.1007/bf00299927
2487:Zoological Journal
2388:; Donsker, David;
2239:David Attenborough
2101:Ferdinand Magellan
2056:
2016:sexually dimorphic
1987:
1934:
1891:paradise riflebird
1772:
1438:Epimachus fastosus
1410:Ptiloris victoriae
1397:Paradise riflebird
1388:Growling riflebird
1257:Parotia berlepschi
1030:Lycocorax obiensis
228:sexually dimorphic
202:. The majority of
4482:
4481:
4454:Open Tree of Life
4267:Taxon identifiers
4258:
4257:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4104:Barnes's astrapia
4072:
4071:
4068:
4067:
3849:Greater lophorina
3751:Splendid astrapia
3661:Obi paradise-crow
3642:
3641:
3588:Birds-of-paradise
3534:, PhotographyAxis
3528:Birds-of-paradise
3495:978-1-426-20958-1
3416:10.1071/MU9920108
2943:Birds of Paradise
2788:(1440): 233–241.
2702:978-84-96553-50-7
2390:Rasmussen, Pamela
2295:Fisherian runaway
2154:Cicinnurus regius
2113:Antonio Pigafetta
2060:dress and rituals
1967:greater lophorina
1728:
1727:
1670:Paradisaea decora
1508:Cicinnurus regius
1335:Lophorina superba
1331:Greater lophorina
1182:Splendid astrapia
1026:Obi paradise-crow
989:
988:
980:
979:
971:
970:
962:
961:
953:
952:
944:
943:
935:
934:
883:
882:
824:
823:
815:
814:
731:
730:
722:
721:
713:
712:
636:
635:
570:
569:
511:
510:
502:
501:
306:mitochondrial DNA
189:birds-of-paradise
185:
184:
169:
77:
31:Bird-of-paradise
4507:
4475:
4474:
4462:
4461:
4449:
4448:
4439:
4438:
4426:
4425:
4413:
4412:
4400:
4399:
4387:
4386:
4374:
4373:
4361:
4360:
4348:
4347:
4335:
4334:
4322:
4321:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4262:
4261:
4248:
4247:
4238:
4237:
4092:
4091:
4078:
4077:
3919:Brown sicklebill
3914:Black sicklebill
3859:Lesser lophorina
3811:Wahnes's parotia
3791:Carola's parotia
3701:Trumpet manucode
3629:
3628:
3618:
3617:
3601:
3600:
3594:: Paradisaeidae)
3581:
3574:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3551:
3542:
3532:Papua New Guinea
3499:
3487:
3466:
3465:
3447:
3441:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3378:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3243:
3237:
3233:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3184:
3175:
3174:
3156:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3061:
3052:(11): e2006962.
3037:
3031:
3030:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2955:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2928:. Archived from
2921:
2915:
2914:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2862:(3): 1218–1222.
2853:
2840:
2834:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2805:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2740:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2688:
2661:
2660:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2458:
2440:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2382:
2365:
2358:quinarian system
2350:
2344:
2311:
2290:Sexual selection
2285:Birds portal
2283:
2282:
2281:
2158:Lophorina niedda
2146:Paradisaea minor
2105:circumnavigation
2093:Paradisaea apoda
2083:, including the
1955:trumpet manucode
1914:Diet and feeding
1872:black sicklebill
1788:black sicklebill
1768:brown sicklebill
1752:Central Park Zoo
1747:Erwin Stresemann
1679:Paradisaea rubra
1652:Paradisaea apoda
1643:Paradisaea minor
1447:Epimachus meyeri
1443:Brown sicklebill
1434:Black sicklebill
1349:Lesser lophorina
1344:Lophorina niedda
1281:Wahnes's parotia
1244:Carola's parotia
1239:Parotia sefilata
1112:Trumpet manucode
1092:Manucodia comrii
998:
897:
896:
845:
844:
838:
837:
777:
776:
752:
751:
745:
744:
675:
674:
650:
649:
598:
597:
591:
590:
584:
583:
532:
531:
525:
524:
464:
463:
439:
438:
432:
431:
424:
423:
386:Melanocharitidae
212:Papua New Guinea
164:
92:
91:
71:
40:
28:
27:
21:Bird of paradise
4515:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4470:
4465:
4457:
4452:
4444:
4442:
4434:
4429:
4421:
4416:
4408:
4403:
4395:
4390:
4382:
4377:
4369:
4364:
4356:
4351:
4343:
4338:
4330:
4325:
4317:
4312:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4269:
4259:
4254:
4218:
4086:
4064:
4014:
3996:
3978:
3948:
3923:
3898:
3863:
3833:
3815:
3806:Eastern parotia
3801:Lawes's parotia
3786:Western parotia
3770:
3730:
3705:
3665:
3638:
3612:
3595:
3585:
3537:
3506:
3496:
3485:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3448:
3444:
3435:
3431:
3396:
3392:
3355:
3351:
3342:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3319:
3301:
3297:
3266:
3262:
3250:
3244:
3240:
3214:Parotia wahnesi
3210:
3206:
3199:
3185:
3178:
3154:10.2307/1370166
3133:
3129:
3092:
3088:
3038:
3034:
2991:
2987:
2956:
2949:
2935:
2933:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2887:
2883:
2851:
2841:
2837:
2823:
2819:
2781:Proc. R. Soc. B
2768:
2764:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2689:
2664:
2651:(3): 395–517 .
2634:
2630:
2609:
2605:
2570:
2563:
2528:
2524:
2509:Systema Naturae
2502:
2498:
2476:
2472:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2360:and his use of
2351:
2347:
2320:Systema Naturae
2313:In 1758 in the
2312:
2308:
2303:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2216:
2177:
2130:
2045:
1979:
1963:Lawes's parotia
1916:
1911:
1824:
1760:
1740:
1734:
1729:
1353:Lophorina minor
1285:Parotia wahnesi
1275:Parotia helenae
1271:Eastern parotia
1266:Parotia lawesii
1262:Lawes's parotia
1248:Parotia carolae
1235:Western parotia
1195:Astrapia mayeri
1065:Manucodia alter
1061:Tagula manucode
995:
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
945:
936:
884:
825:
816:
732:
723:
714:
637:
571:
512:
503:
418:
267:
257:by hunting and
163:
86:
78:
61:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4513:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4463:
4450:
4440:
4427:
4414:
4401:
4388:
4375:
4362:
4349:
4336:
4323:
4310:
4295:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4242:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4088:
4087:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4006:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3935:
3933:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3825:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3796:Bronze parotia
3793:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3746:Arfak astrapia
3742:
3740:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3626:
3614:
3613:
3597:
3596:
3584:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3535:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3505:
3504:External links
3502:
3501:
3500:
3494:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3460:
3442:
3429:
3410:(2): 108–111.
3390:
3369:(3): 372–389.
3349:
3324:
3317:
3295:
3282:10.1086/348872
3276:(2): 173–180.
3260:
3238:
3204:
3197:
3176:
3127:
3106:(2): 315–324.
3086:
3032:
3005:(3): 229–238.
2985:
2966:(7): 893–925.
2947:
2916:
2905:(2): 439–470.
2881:
2835:
2817:
2762:
2708:
2701:
2662:
2628:
2603:
2561:
2522:
2505:Linnaeus, Carl
2496:
2470:
2411:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2345:
2335:. In 2012 the
2305:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2251:
2248:
2235:
2230:, designed by
2224:
2215:
2214:Other examples
2212:
2176:
2173:
2129:
2126:
2044:
2041:
1978:
1975:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1885:, swamps, and
1848:Maluku Islands
1823:
1820:
1759:
1756:
1736:Main article:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1558:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1475:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1440:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1268:
1259:
1253:Bronze parotia
1250:
1241:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1177:Astrapia nigra
1173:Arfak astrapia
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1144:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1056:Manucodia ater
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1023:
996:
994:
991:
987:
986:
983:
982:
978:
977:
974:
973:
969:
968:
965:
964:
960:
959:
956:
955:
951:
950:
947:
946:
942:
941:
938:
937:
933:
932:
929:
928:
918:
915:
914:
911:
910:
900:
895:
893:
890:
889:
886:
885:
881:
880:
877:
876:
866:
863:
862:
859:
858:
848:
843:
841:
836:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
822:
821:
818:
817:
813:
812:
809:
808:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
780:
775:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
755:
750:
748:
743:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
729:
728:
725:
724:
720:
719:
716:
715:
711:
710:
707:
706:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
678:
673:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
653:
648:
646:
643:
642:
639:
638:
634:
633:
630:
629:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
601:
596:
594:
589:
587:
582:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
568:
567:
564:
563:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
535:
530:
528:
523:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
509:
508:
505:
504:
500:
499:
496:
495:
485:
482:
481:
478:
477:
467:
462:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
442:
437:
435:
430:
428:
427:Paradisaeidae
422:
417:
414:
266:
263:
214:, and eastern
183:
182:
176:
175:
171:
170:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
80:
79:
66:
63:
62:
57:
54:
53:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4512:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4495:Paradisaeidae
4493:
4492:
4490:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4437:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4332:Paradisaeidae
4328:
4324:
4320:
4319:Paradisaeidae
4315:
4311:
4306:
4305:Paradisaeidae
4300:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4275:Paradisaeidae
4272:
4268:
4263:
4251:
4243:
4241:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4075:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3767:
3766:Huon astrapia
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3686:Jobi manucode
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3577:
3575:
3570:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3550:
3548:
3541:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3497:
3491:
3484:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3463:
3461:90-6718-124-2
3457:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3433:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3320:
3318:0-19-854634-3
3314:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3198:1-85391-186-0
3194:
3190:
3183:
3181:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2952:
2944:
2932:on 2011-05-15
2931:
2927:
2923:Honolulu Zoo
2920:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2848:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2713:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2566:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2377:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2325:Carl Linnaeus
2322:
2321:
2316:
2315:tenth edition
2310:
2306:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2276:
2275:
2266:
2262:
2261:King of Nepal
2258:
2257:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2072:deforestation
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2031:, are valid.
2030:
2025:
2024:Hybridisation
2021:
2018:species, but
2017:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1920:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1209:Huon astrapia
1207:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1070:Jobi manucode
1068:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
999:
985:
984:
976:
975:
967:
966:
958:
957:
949:
948:
940:
939:
931:
930:
927:
925:
924:
917:
916:
913:
912:
909:
907:
906:
899:
898:
892:
891:
888:
887:
879:
878:
875:
873:
872:
865:
864:
861:
860:
857:
855:
854:
847:
846:
840:
839:
833:
832:
829:
828:
820:
819:
811:
810:
807:
805:
804:
797:
796:
793:
792:
789:
787:
786:
779:
778:
772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
762:
761:
754:
753:
747:
746:
740:
739:
736:
735:
727:
726:
718:
717:
709:
708:
705:
703:
702:
695:
694:
691:
690:
687:
685:
684:
677:
676:
670:
669:
666:
665:
662:
660:
659:
652:
651:
645:
644:
641:
640:
632:
631:
628:
626:
625:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
608:
607:
600:
599:
593:
592:
586:
585:
579:
578:
575:
574:
566:
565:
562:
560:
559:
552:
551:
548:
547:
544:
542:
541:
534:
533:
527:
526:
520:
519:
516:
515:
507:
506:
498:
497:
494:
492:
491:
484:
483:
480:
479:
476:
474:
473:
466:
465:
459:
458:
455:
454:
451:
449:
448:
441:
440:
434:
433:
426:
425:
421:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
382:
381:Loboparadisea
377:
376:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
353:sicklebills,
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:sicklebills,
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:paradise-crow
316:
312:
307:
302:
300:
299:Struthideidae
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
262:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:Passeriformes
198:of the order
197:
196:Paradisaeidae
194:
190:
181:
177:
172:
167:
162:
161:Paradisaeidae
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
147:Superfamily:
146:
145:
142:
141:Passeriformes
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
90:
85:
81:
75:
69:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
4274:
4019:
4001:
3992:Standardwing
3983:
3953:
3928:
3903:
3868:
3838:
3821:Pteridophora
3820:
3775:
3735:
3710:
3670:
3647:
3633:
3621:
3587:
3546:
3481:
3473:Bibliography
3451:
3445:
3437:
3432:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3341:. Retrieved
3339:. 2018-09-14
3336:
3327:
3304:
3298:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3254:
3241:
3235:PDF fulltext
3221:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3188:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3049:
3046:PLOS Biology
3045:
3035:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2963:
2959:
2942:
2934:. Retrieved
2930:the original
2919:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2859:
2855:
2846:
2838:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2765:
2728:
2724:
2692:
2648:
2644:
2631:
2613:
2606:
2584:(1): 57–63.
2581:
2577:
2573:
2542:(1): 77–78.
2539:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2486:
2473:
2428:
2425:PLOS Biology
2424:
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2397:
2380:
2361:
2348:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2309:
2254:
2242:
2232:Susan Karike
2203:Pteridophora
2201:
2195:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2131:
2128:Birdwatching
2117:
2092:
2085:type species
2078:
2076:
2057:
2033:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1951:
1943:insectivores
1935:
1925:Heptapleurum
1923:
1887:moss forests
1880:
1861:
1851:
1841:
1835:
1825:
1809:
1800:
1773:
1744:
1741:
1722:
1713:
1703:Paradisornis
1702:
1698:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1472:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1446:
1437:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1297:Pteridophora
1296:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1141:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1020:
1006:
1002:
1001:
921:
920:
905:Paradisornis
903:
902:
869:
868:
851:
850:
801:
800:
783:
782:
758:
757:
699:
698:
681:
680:
656:
655:
622:
621:
604:
603:
556:
555:
540:Pteridophora
538:
537:
488:
487:
470:
469:
445:
444:
419:
397:
379:
373:
372:(the genera
367:
362:
358:
355:Paradigalla,
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
303:
270:
268:
259:habitat loss
252:
195:
188:
186:
179:
160:
49:
25:
4392:iNaturalist
4299:Wikispecies
3930:Drepanornis
3712:Paradigalla
3147:(4): 1016.
3083:Open access
2774:Macgregoria
2493:: 463–484 .
2386:Gill, Frank
2362:Paradisaeae
1947:territorial
1939:frugivorous
1883:rainforests
1863:Phonygammus
1816:iridescence
1811:Paradigalla
1758:Description
1541:Diphyllodes
1460:Drepanornis
1129:Paradigalla
1104:Phonygammus
871:Diphyllodes
785:Paradigalla
624:Drepanornis
472:Phonygammus
375:Cnemophilus
335:Drepanornis
295:Monarchidae
70:Appendix II
4489:Categories
4021:Paradisaea
4002:Seleucidis
3984:Semioptera
3955:Cicinnurus
3343:2020-09-20
3307:. Oxford:
3224:(4): 269.
3141:The Condor
2936:2011-02-03
2731:(1): 235.
2532:Paradisaea
2404:1 February
2372:References
2333:Paradisaea
2166:Susnguakti
2142:Raja Ampat
2134:West Papua
2080:Paradisaea
2020:monogamous
2012:polygamous
2000:Cicinnurus
1995:Paradisaea
1991:lek mating
1868:Queensland
1843:Semioptera
1832:New Guinea
1628:Paradisaea
1603:Seleucidis
1579:Semioptera
1494:Cicinnurus
1277:(Disputed)
923:Paradisaea
853:Cicinnurus
658:Semioptera
606:Seleucidis
398:Melampitta
394:honeyeater
363:Paradisaea
359:Cicinnurus
339:Semioptera
331:Seleucidis
283:bowerbirds
275:type genus
271:Paradisaea
255:threatened
236:arthropods
232:rainforest
3905:Epimachus
3840:Lophorina
3672:Manucodia
3648:Lycocorax
3424:0158-4197
3385:0022-4634
3290:145329486
3163:0010-5422
3122:1860-0743
3019:0340-5443
2891:Lophorina
2574:Paradisae
2447:1545-7885
2431:(11): 9.
2341:Paradisea
2329:Paradisea
2208:bowerbird
2064:millinery
1899:manucodes
1895:Australia
1858:Australia
1837:Lycocorax
1828:diversity
1796:Astrapias
1425:Epimachus
1322:Lophorina
1043:Manucodia
1008:Lycocorax
760:Epimachus
683:Lophorina
490:Manucodia
447:Lycocorax
416:Phylogeny
370:satinbird
351:Epimachus
347:Lophorina
343:Ptiloris,
315:manucodes
216:Australia
208:Indonesia
151:Corvoidea
107:Kingdom:
101:Eukaryota
4284:Wikidata
4240:Category
3870:Ptiloris
3737:Astrapia
3078:30457985
3027:21374280
2980:83592452
2895:Ptiloris
2876:18620871
2812:10714877
2757:19758445
2639:(1825).
2623:2246/830
2598:84064906
2556:81167105
2507:(1758).
2481:(1825).
2465:30457985
2272:See also
2256:Shripech
2168:forest.
1977:Breeding
1853:Ptiloris
1368:Ptiloris
1164:Astrapia
803:Astrapia
701:Ptiloris
410:fantails
402:silktail
361:and the
325:and the
323:parotias
291:Corvidae
265:Taxonomy
248:polygamy
240:monogamy
166:Swainson
157:Family:
121:Chordata
117:Phylum:
111:Animalia
97:Domain:
4459:1058847
4290:Q179333
4250:Commons
3777:Parotia
3635:Species
3610:species
3552:. 1914.
3337:YouTube
3171:1370166
3069:6245505
2833:: 66–68
2803:1690532
2748:2755009
2456:6245505
2317:of his
2175:Hunting
2107:of the
2097:phoenix
2014:in the
2006:Parotia
1802:Plumage
1776:corvids
1732:Hybrids
1226:Parotia
993:Species
558:Parotia
287:Corvida
273:as the
224:plumage
204:species
174:Genera
137:Order:
127:Class:
72: (
4472:255528
4443:NZOR:
4423:179664
4410:108515
4371:1PRDSF
3606:Genera
3592:family
3549:
3492:
3458:
3422:
3383:
3315:
3288:
3257:: 374.
3195:
3169:
3161:
3120:
3076:
3066:
3025:
3017:
2978:
2874:
2810:
2800:
2755:
2745:
2699:
2596:
2554:
2463:
2453:
2445:
2087:, the
2036:clutch
1723:
333:, the
311:clades
246:-type
220:genera
193:family
168:, 1825
4405:IRMNG
4397:71348
3623:Genus
3530:from
3486:(PDF)
3286:S2CID
3251:(PDF)
3167:JSTOR
3023:S2CID
2976:S2CID
2852:(PDF)
2594:S2CID
2552:S2CID
2301:Notes
2164:) in
2118:apoda
2109:Earth
2051:Male
1745:When
1699:genus
1623:genus
1599:genus
1575:genus
1536:genus
1490:genus
1455:genus
1420:genus
1363:genus
1317:genus
1293:genus
1221:genus
1159:genus
1124:genus
1100:genus
1038:genus
1003:genus
74:CITES
68:CITES
4436:9149
4431:NCBI
4418:ITIS
4384:5711
4379:GBIF
4366:EPPO
4358:1632
3608:and
3490:ISBN
3456:ISBN
3420:ISSN
3381:ISSN
3313:ISBN
3270:Isis
3193:ISBN
3159:ISSN
3118:ISSN
3074:PMID
3015:ISSN
2872:PMID
2808:PMID
2753:PMID
2697:ISBN
2461:PMID
2443:ISSN
2406:2022
2331:and
2221:Apus
2003:and
1969:and
1957:and
1840:and
1792:bill
406:Fiji
378:and
345:and
317:and
187:The
131:Aves
4353:EoL
4345:DY6
4340:CoL
4327:AFD
4314:ADW
3412:doi
3371:doi
3278:doi
3226:doi
3218:Emu
3149:doi
3108:doi
3064:PMC
3054:doi
3007:doi
2968:doi
2907:doi
2903:181
2864:doi
2827:Emu
2798:PMC
2790:doi
2786:267
2743:PMC
2733:doi
2653:doi
2619:hdl
2586:doi
2544:doi
2517:110
2451:PMC
2433:doi
2323:,
2241:in
2103:'s
1893:of
1878:).
404:of
244:lek
242:to
4491::
4469::
4456::
4433::
4420::
4407::
4394::
4381::
4368::
4355::
4342::
4329::
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4301::
4286::
3543:.
3418:.
3408:92
3406:.
3402:.
3379:.
3367:48
3365:.
3361:.
3335:.
3284:.
3274:51
3272:.
3253:.
3222:90
3220:.
3179:^
3165:.
3157:.
3145:99
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3139:.
3116:.
3104:94
3102:.
3098:.
3072:.
3062:.
3050:16
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3021:.
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2997:.
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2964:28
2962:.
2950:^
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2901:.
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2831:87
2806:.
2796:.
2784:.
2778:.
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2727:.
2723:.
2711:^
2665:^
2649:14
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2564:^
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1126::
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