632:
679:
691:
703:
663:
644:
33:
719:
3687:; Lackemeyer, Matthew G.; Leroy, Eric M.; Lever, Mark S.; Lofts, Loreen L.; Mühlberger, Elke; Netesov, Sergey V.; Olinger, Gene G.; Palacios, Gustavo; Patterson, Jean L.; Paweska, Janusz T.; Pitt, Louise; Radoshitzky, Sheli R.; Ryabchikova, Elena I.; Saphire, Erica Ollmann; Shestopalov, Aleksandr M.; Smither, Sophie J.; Sullivan, Nancy J.; Swanepoel, Robert; Takada, Ayato; Towner, Jonathan S.; van der Groen, Guido; Volchkov, Viktor E.; Wahl-Jensen, Victoria; Warren, Travis K.; Warfield, Kelly L.; Weidmann, Manfred; Nichol, Stuart T. (June 2013).
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escaping). The construction of the lab is such that it can be easily cleaned. Carpets are not permitted, and any seams in the floors, walls, and ceilings are sealed to allow easy cleaning and decontamination. Also, windows must be sealed, and a ventilation system installed which forces air to flow from the "clean" areas of the lab to the areas where infectious agents are handled. Air from the lab must be filtered before it can be recirculated.
791:
825:(GAO) report published on 4 October 2007, a total of 1,356 CDC/USDA registered BSL-3 facilities were identified throughout the United States. Approximately 36% of these laboratories are located in academia. 15 BSL-4 facilities were identified in the U.S. in 2007, including nine at federal labs. As of May 2021, there are 42 BSL-4 facilities in operation around the world, with a further 17 planned or under construction.
903:
zones that can be managed at differing containment levels concurrently. CSIRO AAHL Project
Manager and Architect, William Curnow, provided technical reviews to Canadian, Indian, UK and French Authorities and consulted with Dr Jerry Callis to UN FAO on matters of bio-containment. Formerly known as the Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) and renamed to Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness April 2020
249:
Laboratory personnel must wash their hands upon entering and exiting the lab. Research with these agents may be performed on standard open laboratory benches without the use of special containment equipment. However, eating and drinking are generally prohibited in laboratory areas. Potentially infectious material must be decontaminated before disposal, either by adding a chemical such as
376:, are typically handled under Biosafety Level 2 or higher. This is due to the lack of any evidence of aerosol transmission and relatively higher infective dose of prion diseases, though some circumstances (such as handling animal-infective prions in a facility which cares for vulnerable animals) would require BSL-3 conditions.
142:. Beginning in 1957, these conferences were planned to include non-classified sessions as well as classified sessions to enable broader sharing of biological safety information. It was not until 1964, however, that conferences were held in a government installation not associated with a biological warfare program.
569:. To exit a BSL-4 lab, personnel must pass through a chemical shower for decontamination, then a room for removing the positive-pressure suit, followed by a personal shower. Entry into the BSL-4 lab is restricted to trained and authorized individuals, and all persons entering and exiting the lab must be recorded.
138:, chemical, radiological, and industrial safety issues that were common to the operations at the three principal biological warfare (BW) laboratories of the U.S. Army. Because of the potential implication of the work conducted at biological warfare laboratories, the conferences were restricted to top level
548:
Biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) is the highest level of biosafety precautions, and is appropriate for work with agents that could easily be aerosol-transmitted within the laboratory and cause severe to fatal disease in humans for which there are no available vaccines or treatments. BSL-4 labs are generally
323:
Biosafety level 2 is suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment. This includes various microbes that cause mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting. Examples of pathogens classified as "Risk Group 2" in the
434:
Also, the facility which houses the BSL-3 lab must have certain features to ensure appropriate containment. The entrance to the lab must be separated from areas of the building with unrestricted traffic flow. Also, the lab must be behind two sets of self-closing doors (to reduce the risk of aerosols
2412:
High-containment labs that are registered with the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Select Agent Program must adhere to Department of Defense standards. Since BSL3 and 4 laboratories in the United States are regulated by either the CDC
412:
Biosafety level 3 is appropriate for work involving microbes which can cause serious and potentially lethal disease via the inhalation route. This type of work can be done in clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities. Here, the precautions undertaken in BSL-1 and BSL-2 labs
257:
or by packaging for decontamination elsewhere. Personal protective equipment is only required for circumstances where personnel might be exposed to hazardous material. BSL-1 laboratories must have a door which can be closed to limit access to the lab. However, it is not necessary for BSL-1 labs to
572:
As with BSL-3 laboratories, BSL-4 labs must be separated from areas that receive unrestricted traffic. Also, airflow is tightly controlled to ensure that air always flows from "clean" areas of the lab to areas where work with infectious agents is being performed. The entrance to the BSL-4 lab must
902:
Capable of housing from large experimental animals to insects under conditions that exceed all BSL 4 requirements. The antecedent of all such facilities developed since the 1980s. Arguably the most researched design and construction project ever. The ACDP is subdivided into a number of isolation
145:
Over the next ten years, the biological safety conferences grew to include representatives from all federal agencies that sponsored or conducted research with pathogenic microorganisms. By 1966, it began to include representatives from universities, private laboratories, hospitals, and industrial
3682:
Kuhn, Jens H.; Bao, Yiming; Bavari, Sina; Becker, Stephan; Bradfute, Steven; Brister, J. Rodney; Bukreyev, Alexander A.; Caì, Yíngyún; Chandran, Kartik; Davey, Robert A.; Dolnik, Olga; Dye, John M.; Enterlein, Sven; Gonzalez, Jean-Paul; Formenty, Pierre; Freiberg, Alexander N.; Hensley, Lisa E.;
170:
Arthur
Jenkins. They drafted outcomes for each of the levels of security. AAHL was notionally classified as "substantially beyond P4". These were adopted by the Australian Academy of Science and became the basis for Australian legislation. It opened in 1985 costing AU$ 185 million, built on
248:
Biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) is suitable for work with well-characterized agents which do not cause disease in healthy humans. In general, these agents should pose minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment. At this level, precautions are limited relative to other levels.
169:
and the
British equivalent requirements for the development of infrastructure for bio-containment reviewed by AAHL personnel with a view to recommending the adoption of one of them by Australian authorities. The review was carried out by CSIRO AAHL Project Manager Bill Curnow and CSIRO Engineer
4542:
Kim, Il-Hwan; Jang, Jun Hyeong; Jo, Su-Kyoung; No, Jin Sun; Seo, Seung-Hee; Kim, Jun-Young; Jung, Sang-Oun; Kim, Jeong-Min; Lee, Sang-Eun; Park, Hye-Kyung; Kim, Eun-Jin; Jeon, Jun Ho; Choi, Myung-Min; Ryu, Boyeong; Jang, Yoon Suk; Kim, Hwami; Lee, Jin; Shin, Seung-Hwan; Kim, Hee Kyoung; Kim,
613:. Also, poorly characterized pathogens which appear closely related to dangerous pathogens are often handled at this level until enough data is obtained either to confirm continued work at this level, or to permit working with them at a lower level. This level is also used for work with
444:
journalists, identified more than 200 lab sites in the U.S. that were accredited biosafety levels 3 or 4. The
Proceedings of a Workshop on "Developing Norms for the Provision of Biological Laboratories in Low-Resource Contexts" provides a list of BSL-3 laboratories in those countries.
2707:
777:
in the early 2030s, the need for a Sample
Receiving Facility (SRF) is becoming more pressing. An SRF is expected to take 7 to 10 years from design to completion, and an additional two years is recommended for the staff to become proficient and accustomed to the facilities.
753:
body, must be curated at facilities rated BSL-4. Because the existing BSL-4 facilities in the world do not provide the level of cleanliness needed for such pristine samples, there is a need to design a facility dedicated to curation of restricted (potentially
662:
2565:
Directive 2000/54/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work (seventh individual directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive
561:. The cabinets themselves are required to have seamless edges to allow easy cleaning. Also, the cabinet and all materials within must be free of sharp edges to reduce the risk of damage to the gloves. In a protective-suit lab, all work must be done in a
2408:
A North
Carolina Mosquito & Vector Control Association (NCMVCA) study highlighted safety concerns. In the United States, laboratories can be funded by federal, state, private, non-profit, or academically. The last accounts for 72% of the funding.
3563:
2413:
or USDA or another federal agency (depending on the pathogens they handle), no single federal agency is responsible for regulating or tracking the number of these labs. U.S. high-containment laboratories that handle pathogens which are declared as "
4877:
Nisii, Carla; Castilletti, Concetta; Raoul, Hervé; Hewson, Roger; Brown, David; Gopal, Robin; Eickmann, Markus; Gunther, Stephan; Mirazimi, Ali; Koivula, Tuija; Feldmann, Heinz; Di Caro, Antonino; Capobianchi, Maria R.; Ippolito, Giuseppe (2013).
6585:
2711:
6751:
6366:
6111:
1511:
The "National
Institute of Infectious Diseases" used to operate within the Lazzaro Spallanzani hospital; the facility is now independent and is home to five BSL-3 labs as well as a single BSL-4 laboratory, which was completed in 1997.
3821:
2577:
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and other organisms not suspected to contribute to human disease. Due to the relative ease and safety of maintaining a BSL-1 laboratory, these are the types of laboratories generally used as teaching spaces for high schools and
6443:
975:
6167:
6101:
2623:
6919:
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4604:
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to minimize the possibility that aerosols from the lab could be removed from the lab. All laboratory waste, including filtered air, water, and trash must also be decontaminated before it can leave the facility.
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702:
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678:
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as contending factions battled over its area and NPL staff were kicked out in favor of installing a military base at its premises. At the time, the facility contained organisms rated at BSL-2.
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5635:
3791:
3474:
2585:
4464:
581:
Biosafety level 4 laboratories are used for diagnostic work and research on easily transmitted pathogens which can cause fatal disease. These include a number of viruses known to cause
430:
Lab personnel must wear solid-front protective clothing (i.e. gowns that tie in the back). This cannot be worn outside of the lab and must be discarded or decontaminated after each use.
3098:
1389:
Division of
Virology operates three WHO National Reference Laboratories. The BSL-4 biosafety laboratory provides a modern means to process dangerous imported zoonotic viral pathogens.
6813:
6892:
6858:
6116:
2665:, 3rd edition. Kaempf retired from Fort Detrick in 1994, having completed more than 50 years service. He was chief of the mechanical branch, Directorate of Engineering and Housing.
6875:
150:(ABSA) was officially established in 1984 and a constitution and bylaws were drafted the same year. As of 2008, ABSA includes some 1,600 members in its professional association.
6068:
4416:
5041:
6229:
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1503:
448:
Biosafety level 3 is commonly used for research and diagnostic work involving various microbes which can be transmitted by aerosol and/or cause severe disease. These include
6524:
2290:
4933:
4600:
4127:
2417:" must be inspected periodically by the CDC or USDA, adhere to certain standards, and maintain ongoing education on biosecurity and biosafety policies as mandated by law.
420:
All laboratory personnel are provided medical surveillance and offered relevant immunizations (where available) to reduce the risk of an accidental or unnoticed infection.
64:
in an enclosed laboratory facility. The levels of containment range from the lowest biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) to the highest at level 4 (BSL-4). In the United States, the
4049:
3689:"Virus nomenclature below the species level: A standardized nomenclature for laboratory animal-adapted strains and variants of viruses assigned to the family Filoviridae"
115:
was fashioned in 1943 by Hubert Kaempf Jr., then a U.S. Army soldier, under the direction of Arnold G. Wedum, Director (1944–1969) of Industrial Health and Safety at the
6184:
5580:
2612:. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Office of Research Safety. 1978. passim.
146:
complexes. Throughout the 1970s, participation in the conferences continued to expand and by 1983 discussions began regarding the creation of a formal organization. The
6153:
4631:
1850:
1671:
1317:
4989:
3602:
1560:
Located at National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Department of Virology I. Built in 1981; operated at BSL-3 until 2015 due to opposition from nearby residents.
189:(WIV). In 2014, the WIV's National Bio-safety Laboratory was built at a cost of 300 million yuan (US$ 44 million), in collaboration and with assistance from the
2830:
2250:
6636:
6438:
6021:
5620:
2234:
1998:
5290:
4490:
6239:
4796:
3321:
2047:
3531:"High-Containment Biosafety Laboratories: Preliminary Observations on the Oversight of the Proliferation of BSL-3 and BSL-4 Laboratories in the United States"
6233:
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5015:
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4309:
3869:
2971:
2506:
2226:
1875:
4656:
4279:
3991:
3751:
1275:
This facility is operated by a research organization supported by both Gabonese (mainly) and French governments, and is West Africa's only P4 lab (BSL-4).
479:
2091:
Department of Health laboratory. Diagnostics and research for haemorrhagic fever viruses. Part of the European Network of Biosafety-Level-4 Laboratories.
5340:
4657:"Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction"
3436:
1040:
622:
201:
5316:
2808:
6478:
5595:
3001:
194:
116:
1858:
1112:
has existed since 1956 and already hosted BSL-3 laboratories. A BSL-4 facility was completed in 2015, and became the first BSL-4 laboratory in China.
95:
and minimal protective equipment. At higher biosafety levels, precautions may include airflow systems, multiple containment rooms, sealed containers,
5965:
5575:
5212:
1552:
3173:...Prion Diseases...In the laboratory setting, prions from human tissue and human prions propagated in animals can be manipulated at BSL-2 or higher
298:
At this level, all precautions used at Biosafety level 1 are followed, and some additional precautions are taken. BSL-2 differs from BSL-1 in that:
134:
On 18 April 1955, fourteen representatives met at Camp Detrick in Frederick, Maryland. The meeting was to share knowledge and experiences regarding
4759:
4545:"2019 Tabletop Exercise for Laboratory Diagnosis and Analyses of Unknown Disease Outbreaks by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"
4097:
2277:
1750:
4205:
3913:
3817:
2897:
718:
366:. Notably, the European Union departs from the United States and classifies HIV and hepatitis B – G as Risk Group 3 agents best handled at BSL-3.
6924:
6880:
6083:
5909:
5625:
4439:
4357:
3481:
3402:
3261:
1893:
523:
3223:
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A laboratory-specific biosafety manual must be drafted which details how the laboratory will operate in compliance with all safety requirements.
1308:
4468:
6836:
6249:
5630:
4738:
4153:
3091:
2733:
4019:
3657:
6006:
5115:
1781:
17:
6841:
6591:
6516:
6340:
3939:
1959:
Department of Health laboratory. Diagnostics for various viral diseases. Part of the European Network of Biosafety-Level-4 Laboratories.
1596:
1065:
1009:
99:, established protocols for all procedures, extensive personnel training, and high levels of security to control access to the facility.
3504:. Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Mars Sample Return Missions (Report). National Research Council. 2009. p. 59.
6354:
6265:
6077:
6060:
5570:
5395:
3365:
2535:
2122:
894:
618:
162:
65:
4408:
3056:
6886:
6360:
5037:
2096:
1454:
232:
6999:
6398:
6122:
5974:
5605:
5359:
4179:
3358:"Interim Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines for Handling and Processing Specimens Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)"
2461:
1243:
1130:
863:
3596:"Risk Analysis:Risk of Importing Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Susceptible Species and Products from a region of Patagonia, Argentina"
1980:
Medical Research Council laboratory. Research and diagnostics for highly pathogenic viruses. Closed in 2017 and work moved to the
549:
set up to be either cabinet laboratories or protective-suit laboratories. In cabinet laboratories, all work must be done within a
7135:
7130:
6658:
6259:
4929:
1973:
4123:
2658:
668:
The circular containment tube separates the patient table in the "hot" zone (pathogen present) from the "cold" zone around this
6157:
6026:
5480:
4045:
3843:
3778:
Abre ao Orçamento Fiscal da União, em favor dos Ministérios da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações e da Justiça e Segurança Pública
2164:
147:
5958:
5848:
5615:
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2543:
1628:
373:
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researches prevention and control of major infectious diseases. China's second, and the first for large animals, BSL-4 lab.
131:
duties at Detrick and was able to transfer to the sheet metal department working with the contractor, the H.K. Ferguson Co.
103:
reports that world-wide until 1999 there were recorded over 5,000 cases of accidental laboratory infections and 190 deaths.
76:. In Canada the four levels are known as Containment Levels. Facilities with these designations are also sometimes given as
6746:
6073:
6049:
5710:
4981:
3595:
1138:
1126:
467:
4331:
3870:"Canada's Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization Bolsters Position as Country's Premier Centre for Pandemic Research"
798:
7013:
6662:
6194:
2367:
1846:
535:
261:
This level of biosafety is appropriate for work with several kinds of microorganisms including non-pathogenic strains of
175:
4543:
Eun-Kyoung; Park, Ye Eun; Yoo, Cheon-Kwon; Lee, Sang-Won; Han, Myung-Guk; Rhie, Gi-Eun; Kang, Byung Hak (October 2020).
6219:
5998:
2339:
5420:
5234:
4852:
4249:
3601:. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Import Export Services, Veterinary Services. January 2014. pp. 60–62.
3537:
6914:
6558:
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6255:
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5703:
5696:
5600:
5378:
5286:
5093:
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2181:
471:
302:"laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents and are directed by competent scientists."
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3127:
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6672:
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5512:
5011:
1190:
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Hospital and research facility. Located at the Centrum biologické ochrany (Biological Defense Center). Operated by
1031:
822:
741:
566:
401:
211:
pandemic near the facilities of the WIV, work in biocontainment facilities has been politicized, especially in the
96:
4301:
2498:
7099:
6994:
6520:
6106:
5590:
4271:
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2177:
2005:
Department of Health and Home Office laboratory. Develop assays and reagents for research on virulent pathogens.
1048:
724:
598:
6741:
5560:
3631:
2708:"American Biological Safety Association Collection : NAL Collections : National Agricultural Library"
2676:
2019:
1476:
1044:
762:. The systems of such facilities must be able to contain unknown biohazards, as the size of any putative alien
5337:
3428:
3357:
544:
CDC technician dons an older-model positive-pressure suit before entering one of the CDC's earlier BSL-4 labs.
6955:
6819:
6702:
6617:
6350:
6215:
5927:
5904:
5517:
5312:
3475:"European Science Foundation – Mars Sample Return backward contamination – Strategic advice and requirements"
3155:
2800:
2330:
2198:
2026:
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs laboratory. Diagnostics and research for animal diseases.
1816:
166:
154:
5932:
5161:
6678:
6011:
5067:
2451:
1662:
1334:
5208:
4959:
4227:
3002:"WHO official warns of 'high risk of biological hazard' in Sudan after fighters seize laboratory: reports"
2710:. United States Department of Agriculture: National Agricultural Library. 11 February 2009. Archived from
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6654:
6468:
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3252:
For a list of infectious agents and the recommended biosafety level at which they should be studied, see
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2307:
2040:
1109:
1100:
389:
186:
182:
7009:
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1074:
759:
456:
6424:
Middle-Atlantic Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research
4880:"Biosafety Level-4 Laboratories in Europe: Opportunities for Public Health, Diagnostics, and Research"
3688:
3214:
773:
Because NASA and ESA are collaborating on the Mars Sample Return campaign, due to return samples from
750:
5673:
2084:
1696:
1679:
228:
6976:
6309:
6293:
6093:
5742:
5537:
4071:
3186:"Principles and Concepts of Biosafety | Environmental Health & Safety | University of Missouri"
2138:
281:
73:
4716:
4149:
3818:"Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health Celebrates 20 Years of Scientific Excellence"
2578:"Chapter 2: The Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines: 3rd Edition 2004 – Biological safety – Canada.ca"
204:, which was designed in the early 1990s, "has become the prototype for modern BSL4 laboratories".
32:
7089:
6666:
6447:
6432:
6403:
5802:
4023:
3820:(Press release). Winnipeg, MB: Government of Canada. Public Health Agency of Canada. 2 May 2019.
3653:
2168:
1981:
1929:
1794:
917:
582:
489:
1265:
6710:
6458:
5678:
3683:
Honko, Anna N.; Ignatyev, Georgy M.; Jahrling, Peter B.; Johnson, Karl M.; Klenk, Hans-Dieter;
2957:"JUST IN: Rand Paul Asks Samantha Power: 'Did USAID Fund Coronavirus Research In Wuhan China?'"
2063:
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1329:
985:
872:
550:
450:
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1440:
This facility deals especially to zoonotic organisms and emerging infectious disease threats.
562:
7084:
7079:
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6199:
5863:
5858:
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5527:
5466:
4465:"DSO biosafety lab to get S$ 90 million upgrade to handle more lethal and infectious viruses"
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2129:
Currently operates in two buildings. One of two facilities in the world that officially hold
1951:
1290:
1078:
746:
494:
356:
3047:
2609:
Laboratory Safety Monograph: A Supplement to the NIH Guidelines for Recombinant DNA Research
1403:
770:, and release of a particle 50 nanometers or larger is unacceptable under any circumstance.
6960:
6628:
6611:
6535:
5943:
5522:
3916:. Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 3 February 2015. Archived from
3792:"Ministro da Ciência confirma construção de laboratório de biossegurança 4 junto ao Sirius"
2900:. Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 3 February 2015. Archived from
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2471:
2117:
2055:
1526:
5922:
4839:
Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories
1222:
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997:
8:
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1207:
509:
462:
139:
5507:
5458:
3517:
Task Group on Issues in Sample Return. National Academies Press, Washington, DC (1997)
3288:"Directive 2000/54/EC – biological agents at work | Safety and health at work EU-OSHA"
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Operates under the auspice of the Victoria Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory.
484:
424:
405:
362:
313:
275:
190:
112:
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3847:
3515:
Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations (Planetary Protection Office Summary)
7049:
7004:
6417:
5853:
5645:
5261:"Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases: Safety and Biocontainment"
4901:
4891:
4780:
4728:
4572:
4556:
3716:
3700:
3429:"Video Offers Glimpse of Biosafety Level 4 Lab Science webcast "threads the NEIDL""
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2768:
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1837:
1811:
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Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology (RPPCM)
912:
889:
540:
475:
263:
61:
6920:
Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction
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6807:
6550:
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5658:
5555:
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5344:
4896:
4662:. Switzerland Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection, and Sports. 2016.
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3965:
3260:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. December 2009. pp. 123–289.
2662:
518:
513:
397:
128:
5158:"National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories: About – Mission and Safety"
2923:
Feldmann, Heinz; Geisbert, Thomas; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Johnson, Karl M. (2007).
1212:
7034:
6762:
5838:
5823:
5818:
5787:
5757:
4733:
4335:
4245:
3222:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. December 2009. pp. 22–28.
3055:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. December 2009. pp. 30–59.
2764:
2431:
2103:
Ministry of Defence laboratory. Focuses on protection from biological weapons.
1968:
1946:
1924:
1915:
1888:
1862:
1832:
1646:
1615:
1429:
1398:
1146:
966:
269:
220:
69:
68:(CDC) have specified these levels in a publication referred to as BMBL. In the
57:
4784:
3704:
2956:
2874:
2849:
1605:
Facility completed in 1984 but not operated as BSL-4 due to local opposition.
7114:
5777:
5772:
5752:
5747:
4568:
3712:
3684:
3299:
2272:
2108:
1993:
1650:
1234:
1151:
763:
586:
553:. Materials leaving the cabinet must be decontaminated by passing through an
100:
4702:
4688:
4387:
3401:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. December 2009. p. 219.
3335:
2831:"Inside the Wuhan lab: French engineering, deadly viruses and a big mystery"
185:
approved the construction of mainland China's first BSL-4 laboratory at the
7094:
7074:
7069:
6161:
5493:
5238:
4915:
4834:
4586:
3754:. MAPA – Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. August 2014.
3730:
3530:
2883:
2782:
2476:
2414:
2211:
1717:
1712:
1121:
1060:
970:
858:
602:
558:
384:
120:
92:
6399:
Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security (formerly Center for Biosecurity)
5375:
5089:
4440:"Virology Institute of the Philippines to rise in Tarlac in 2 years: DOST"
3185:
2986:
6852:
6736:
6720:
6602:
6483:
5737:
5668:
5264:
3996:
3123:
2850:"Inside the Chinese lab poised to study world's most dangerous pathogens"
2446:
2358:
2206:
Located on the NIH Campus, it currently only operates with BSL-3 agents.
2075:
1989:
1802:
1759:
1736:
1610:
1471:
1261:
696:
Working inside a BSL-4 lab with air hoses providing positive air pressure
606:
594:
590:
505:
333:
329:
325:
254:
5183:
5116:"NEIDL Goes Public: BU Biosafety Labs Offer Tours to Press, Politicians"
3914:"China Inaugurates the First Biocontainment Level 4 Laboratory in Wuhan"
2898:"China Inaugurates the First Biocontainment Level 4 Laboratory in Wuhan"
7039:
5732:
3891:
2925:"Dedication: Jim Orzechowski (1944–2003) and Michael Kiley (1942–2004)"
2010:
1325:
709:
610:
350:
287:
171:
4228:"BSL-4 Laboratory - Virology research group | University of Pécs"
1823:"Glove box" type laboratory; primarily for handling clinical samples.
5883:
5868:
5792:
5447:
3752:"Lanagro/MG é o primeiro do Brasil com nível de biossegurança máximo"
3255:
2629:. Ryerson University Facilities Management and Design. Archived from
2529:
2441:
2079:
2031:
1964:
1942:
1691:
1449:
1056:
908:
880:
853:
767:
755:
554:
440:
216:
212:
135:
91:
At the lowest level of biosafety, precautions may consist of regular
37:
5636:
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
5357:
DoD Safety Standards for Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
4409:"Bio lab handling highly dangerous agents to open in suburban Tokyo"
3627:
2680:
684:
Air pressure resistant (APR) door to separate the hot and cold zones
6715:
6569:
6015:
5833:
5782:
5727:
2941:
2924:
2384:
2215:
2193:
2130:
1741:
1683:
1565:
1521:
1462:
National BSL-4 Containment Facility for Human Infectious Diseases.
1378:
1026:
1022:
993:
653:
614:
500:
423:
All procedures involving infectious material must be done within a
208:
124:
6814:
Statement on Chemical and Biological Defense Policies and Programs
3536:. United States Government Accountability Office. 4 October 2007.
6893:
Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013
6859:
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness Response Act
6117:
Joint Program Executive Office of Chemical and Biological Defense
5653:
5157:
4717:"Case of SARS reported in a laboratory research worker in Taiwan"
4628:"Management of suspect viral hemorrhagic fever patient in Geneva"
2302:
2147:
2113:
1721:
1373:
1360:
1347:
1303:
1280:
1238:
1184:
941:
885:
637:
Regular inspection of positive-pressure suits to locate any leaks
574:
393:
309:
305:
Access to the laboratory is limited when work is being conducted.
6876:
Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act of 2005
6168:
Integrated National Biodefense Medical Countermeasures Portfolio
5063:
3992:"Un laboratoire militaire hautement sécurisé à Brétigny en 2015"
3968:. Ministry of Defense & Armed Forces of the Czech Republic.
3395:
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th ed
3257:
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th ed
3216:
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th ed
3049:
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 5th ed
1394:
828:
The following is a list of existing BSL-4 facilities worldwide.
735:
6069:
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
5797:
5722:
5454:
Federation of American Scientists: Biosafety Level 3 and 4 Labs
4955:
2268:
2263:. Research focuses on biological threats to the U.S. military.
2159:
2035:
2014:
1883:
1878:. Primary purpose is diagnostics of highly pathogenic viruses.
1807:
1767:
1641:
1623:
1425:
1285:
1226:
1175:
1117:
1017:
961:
652:
machine at BSL-4 imaging facility that separates subjects with
369:
6331:
National Medical Response Team/National Pharmacy Response Team
4603:(in Swedish). Public Health Agency of Sweden. 25 August 2015.
4248:. National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, India.
3336:"APPENDIX E LIST OF LABS IDENTIFIED IN LOW-RESOURCE COUNTRIES"
2922:
2674:
6189:
5878:
5873:
5762:
5688:
5585:
4072:"Centre International de Recherches Medicales de Franceville"
2362:
2325:
1828:
1619:
1547:
1538:
1517:
1498:
1489:
1420:
1351:
1256:
1095:
1091:
1086:
946:
728:
649:
372:, the infectious agents that transmit prion diseases such as
224:
158:
5973:
5184:"About | National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories"
3362:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Lab Biosafety Guidelines
2987:"Sudan crisis: WHO warns of biological hazard at seized lab"
2972:"Russia seeks UN probe of claims on Ukraine biological labs"
1672:
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (VECTOR)
1270:
Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville
319:
Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items.
6752:
Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnostic System
6367:
Bioterror Rapid Response and Advanced Technology Laboratory
6344:
6334:
6330:
6185:
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
6112:
Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System
5581:
Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism
4876:
4493:. African National Public Health Institutes. Archived from
4491:"South Africa National Institute for Communicable Diseases"
3628:"Members: The Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity"
2749:"Overview of the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory"
2050:
laboratory. Research on highly pathogenic animal diseases.
1494:
1467:
1203:
1002:
Laboratório Nacional de Máxima Contenção Biológica (LNMCB)
774:
766:
is unknown. Ideally, it should filter particles down to 10
6154:
National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research
1851:
Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports
219:'s work. Russia asked questions on 25 October 2022 in the
165:(AAHL) if he could have the newly released United States'
5211:. National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease.
5038:"National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center"
3163:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. June 2020
2677:"A History of the American Biological Safety Association"
2289:
Focus on potential threats to public health. Operated by
2251:
US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
1655:
48th Central Scientific Research Institute Sergiev Posad
669:
337:
6637:
National Intelligence Assessments on Infectious Diseases
5448:
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
5014:. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease.
4982:"An Integrated Research Facility: Questions and Answers"
3157:
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
2679:. American Biological Safety Association. Archived from
2531:
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
984:
Focus on Agropecuary diseases and diagnostics, like the
413:
are followed, as well as additional measures including:
223:
over the presence in Ukraine of biolabs. In April 2023,
6439:
Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies
6022:
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
5621:
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
5488:
4956:"Leveraging the National Bio and Agro-defense Facility"
4518:"Korea to open first deadly virus biosafety laboratory"
4334:(in Italian). IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani. Archived from
4075:
3126:. Columbia University Environmental Health and Safety.
2235:
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
1999:
National Institute for Biological Standards and Control
6444:
National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases
6240:
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
5064:"USAMRIID: Biodefense Solutions to Protect our Nation"
4930:"Operating a BSL-4 Laboratory in a University Setting"
4124:"Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNI)"
3656:. Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory.
3564:"Mapping Maximum Biological Containment Labs Globally"
3502:"7: "Sample-Receiving Facility and Program Oversight""
2734:"CSIRO: Geelong – Australian Animal Health Laboratory"
2048:
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
1937:
Has BSL-4 space but does not work on human pathogens.
864:
National Service of Healthcare and Agriculture Quality
4986:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
4046:"Inauguration du laboratoire biologique P4 de la DGA"
2229:(NIAID). Focuses on animal models of human diseases.
2227:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
708:
Inside a Class III biological safety cabinet with an
4272:"Stone laid for stem cell research lab in Hyderabad"
111:
The first prototype Class III (maximum containment)
3681:
3562:Lentzos, Filippa; Koblentz, Gregory D. (May 2021).
3285:
2176:Under construction. Facility to be operated by the
1636:First BSL-4 Lab in the Philippines when completed.
1434:National Institute of High Security Animal Disease
1041:
Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health
623:
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology
202:
Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health
84:(for pathogen or protection level), as in the term
5596:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
5287:"About Texas Biomed: Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory"
4832:
4098:"Das Hochsicherheitslabor im Robert Koch-Institut"
3496:
3494:
3322:"State incidents highlight bioterror lab concerns"
3046:"Section IV-Laboratory Biosafety Level Criteria".
2316:NIAID laboratory. Focus on vector-borne diseases.
200:In 2007 a scientific review paper stated that the
117:United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories
5576:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
5396:"Select Agent – an overview ScienceDirect Topics"
4835:"E8: High-Containment Laboratories-UK Case Study"
3844:"National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) Overview"
3780:(Act, 14.242) (in Portuguese). 19 November 2021.
2794:
2792:
976:Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais
617:virus, though this work is only performed at the
7112:
6865:Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002
5040:. Department of Homeland Security. 6 July 2009.
4773:"London biomedical hub sets its research agenda"
3846:. Public Health Agency of Canada. Archived from
3124:"Health & Safety Manual – Biological Safety"
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
2286:Built 2008, Opened 2012, BSL-4 Approval in 2017
2278:National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory
1751:Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1342:Focus on animal viral diseases and diagnostics.
6925:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540
6881:Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act
6517:Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program
6084:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
5910:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540
5626:National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
5313:"State of the art laboratory opens in Richmond"
3561:
3491:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2959:. Forbes Breaking News. YouTube. 26 April 2023.
2527:
1582:Facility for the study of infectious diseases.
1320:. National reference lab for tropical viruses.
920:– Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity
6409:Center for Advancing Microbial Risk Assessment
6014:(National Biosurvelliance Integration Center,
4841:. National Academies Press. pp. 176–177.
4651:
4649:
2789:
2390:Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratories
2375:The only privately owned BSL-4 lab in the US.
1793:. Constructed for research and diagnostics of
1309:Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine
1008:It was announced in 2021 to be built near the
6837:Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989
6576:Global Bio-Surveillance Technology Initiative
5959:
5631:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
5616:India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
5474:
4770:
4549:Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
3319:
2740:
1726:National Institute for Communicable Diseases
1707:First BSL-4 Lab in Singapore when completed.
1244:French general directorate of armaments (DGA)
736:BSL-4 facilities for extraterrestrial samples
227:descent into civil war caused worries at the
72:, the same biosafety levels are defined in a
6414:Center for Biodefense and Emerging Pathogens
6007:DHS Chemical and Biological Defense Division
4872:
4870:
3508:
3380:
3008:
2841:
2798:
2338:Opened in 2008, facility is operated by the
1868:The Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI
1504:Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive
1189:French Armed Biomedical Research Institute,
312:or splashes may be created are conducted in
6842:Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991
6341:Chemical Biological Incident Response Force
4703:"Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office"
4646:
4541:
4467:. DSO National Laboratories. Archived from
4358:"Deadly disease lab opens amid local fears"
3966:"Biological Defence Department at Techonin"
3677:
3675:
3279:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3208:
3206:
3116:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2397:A BSL-4 lab that also acts as a BSL-3 lab.
2245:. Focus on potential bioterrorism threats.
2184:. Expected to be operational by 2022–2023.
1597:Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
1066:Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization
781:
601:. Other pathogens handled at BSL-4 include
6266:Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit
5966:
5952:
5571:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5481:
5467:
5235:"Galveston National Laboratory Fact Sheet"
4727:(51). Eurosurveillance. 18 December 2003.
4625:
4601:"P4-laboratoriet vid Folkhälsomyndigheten"
3525:
3523:
3366:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2536:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2123:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1553:National Institute for Infectious Diseases
1484:India's most advanced BSL-4 category lab.
1298:Diagnostic and experimental lab facility.
895:Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness
619:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
66:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
60:precautions required to isolate dangerous
6887:Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act
6361:Aeromedical Biological Containment System
6315:Nebraska Biocontainment Patient Care Unit
6190:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
6102:Assistant SECDEF for NCB Defense Programs
5586:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
5315:. Virginia Commonwealth University News.
4905:
4895:
4867:
4732:
4630:. Schweizerische Union für Labormedizin.
4576:
3940:"China launches high-level biosafety lab"
3720:
3392:"Section VIII-Agent Summary Statements".
3254:"Section VIII-Agent Summary Statements".
2940:
2873:
2847:
2801:"Visiting biosafety level-4 laboratories"
2772:
2746:
2097:Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
1455:Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology
749:that bring back to Earth, samples from a
400:under biosafety level 3 conditions, with
7000:United States biological weapons program
6123:National Center for Medical Intelligence
5975:United States biological defense program
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
3672:
3654:"Laboratories: High Security/Quarantine"
3467:
3451:
3426:
3241:
3203:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3074:
2695:
2462:List of laboratory biosecurity incidents
1876:Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO)
1131:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
539:
383:
316:or other physical containment equipment.
31:
6659:National Strategy for Homeland Security
5289:. Texas Biomedical Research Institute.
5012:"Integrated Research Facility Overview"
4437:
4388:"高度感染症研究センターとは | 長崎大学 高度感染症研究センター"
4150:"Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Germany"
3942:. Xinhua. 8 August 2018. Archived from
3520:
3328:
3213:"Section III-Principles of Biosafety".
3089:
2999:
2969:
2062:Private lab. Produces vaccines against
1974:National Institute for Medical Research
308:Certain procedures in which infectious
258:be isolated from the general building.
14:
7113:
6158:National Interagency Biodefense Campus
6027:National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility
4515:
4208:from the original on 24 September 2013
4048:(in French). Ministére de la Défense.
3798:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 17 May 2021
3178:
2984:
2753:Journal of Infection and Public Health
2675:Manuel S. Barbeito; Richard H. Kruse.
2528:Chosewood LC, Wilson DE, eds. (2009).
2165:National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility
1368:Focuses on hemorrhagic fever viruses.
157:asked Bill Snowdon, then chief of the
148:American Biological Safety Association
6429:Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling
5947:
5849:Biological warfare in popular culture
5462:
4811:
3758:from the original on 23 February 2018
3543:from the original on 12 February 2016
3439:from the original on 10 December 2014
3350:
3286:European Parliament (4 August 2021).
3142:
2993:
2978:
2970:LEDERER, EDITH M. (25 October 2022).
2963:
2949:
2890:
2848:Cyranoski, David (23 February 2017).
2823:
2656:"A History of Fort Detrick, Maryland"
2616:
2600:
2509:from the original on 28 November 2014
2493:
2491:
1629:Virology Institute of the Philippines
1251:Operated by the Ministry of Defense.
6747:Autonomous Pathogen Detection System
6074:Division of Select Agents and Toxins
6052:(Advisory Committee on Bioterrorism)
6050:National Counterproliferation Center
6032:National Bioforensic Analysis Center
4282:from the original on 16 January 2016
3824:from the original on 11 January 2022
3608:from the original on 21 October 2016
3458:How to Protect Mars Samples on Earth
3338:. National Academy of Sciences. 2019
3313:
2291:Boston University School of Medicine
1139:Harbin Veterinary Research Institute
1127:Harbin Veterinary Research Institute
785:
529:
468:Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
379:
293:
243:
6195:Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
4634:from the original on 16 August 2016
4312:from the original on 16 August 2017
4204:. Országos Epidemiológiai Központ.
4022:. Fondation Mérieux. Archived from
3324:. Post Crescent. USA Today Network.
3320:Penzenstadler, Nick (28 May 2015).
3092:"The 1, 2, 3's of Biosafety Levels"
3000:Wallace, Danielle (25 April 2023).
2521:
2368:Texas Biomedical Research Institute
2333:, National Biocontainment Facility
1896:– Institute of Preventive Medicine
1847:Federal Office for Civil Protection
1103:of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
621:in Atlanta, United States, and the
536:List of biosafety level 4 organisms
176:Australian Animal Health Laboratory
163:Australian Animal Health Laboratory
24:
6580:Bio-Surveillance Management Office
6246:Homeland Security Research Program
5319:from the original on 8 August 2014
5215:from the original on 29 April 2016
5137:"NEIDL BSL-4 Lab Gets Green Light"
4607:from the original on 13 March 2020
4419:from the original on 15 March 2018
4368:from the original on 28 April 2016
4252:from the original on 19 March 2016
4156:from the original on 22 April 2016
4130:from the original on 27 April 2016
4074:(in French). CIRMF. Archived from
3972:from the original on 26 April 2016
3660:from the original on 19 April 2016
3634:from the original on 20 March 2016
3630:. Global Virus Network. May 2013.
3267:from the original on 27 March 2016
3229:from the original on 10 March 2016
3154:"Section VIII-H: Prion Diseases".
3130:from the original on 27 March 2016
3104:from the original on 19 March 2015
2929:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
2811:from the original on 18 April 2016
2575:
2488:
2403:
2340:University of Texas Medical Branch
931:National High Security Laboratory
25:
7147:
6915:Global Health Security Initiative
6559:National Biosurveillance Strategy
6256:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
5601:Global Health Security Initiative
5441:
5293:from the original on 3 April 2016
4992:from the original on 22 June 2016
4962:from the original on 10 June 2016
4936:from the original on 30 June 2016
4855:from the original on 23 June 2016
4741:from the original on 11 June 2016
4182:from the original on 11 June 2016
3062:from the original on 9 April 2016
2576:Canada, Public Health Agency of.
2182:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
1682:-approved facilities for work on
1383:National Center for Epidemiology
472:Eastern equine encephalitis virus
97:positive pressure personnel suits
27:Set of biocontainment precautions
7045:Biosecurity in the United States
6951:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
6781:Positive pressure personnel suit
6673:National Disaster Medical System
5513:1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
5413:
5388:
5369:
5350:
5331:
5305:
5279:
5164:from the original on 4 June 2016
5096:from the original on 18 May 2016
5092:. U.S. Army Medical Department.
5070:from the original on 5 June 2016
5066:. U.S. Army Medical Department.
5044:from the original on 20 May 2016
5018:from the original on 5 July 2016
4799:from the original on 7 June 2016
4669:from the original on 3 June 2016
4438:Domingo, Katrina (25 May 2021).
4104:from the original on 19 May 2016
3427:Seligson, Susan (7 March 2013).
3408:from the original on 13 May 2016
1413:Szentágothai János Kutatóközpont
1043:, it is jointly operated by the
1032:National Microbiology Laboratory
823:Government Accountability Office
789:
742:Extraterrestrial sample curation
717:
701:
689:
677:
661:
642:
630:
324:United States include hepatitis
7100:Smallpox virus retention debate
6995:United States Army Medical Unit
6521:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
6107:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
5591:Defense Threat Reduction Agency
5253:
5227:
5201:
5176:
5150:
5129:
5108:
5082:
5056:
5030:
5004:
4974:
4948:
4932:. Tradeline. 16 December 2003.
4922:
4764:
4753:
4709:
4695:
4681:
4619:
4593:
4535:
4509:
4483:
4457:
4431:
4401:
4380:
4350:
4324:
4294:
4264:
4238:
4220:
4194:
4178:. Philipps-University Marburg.
4168:
4142:
4116:
4090:
4064:
4052:from the original on 8 May 2016
4038:
4020:"Jean Mérieux BSL-4 Laboratory"
4012:
3984:
3958:
3932:
3906:
3884:
3862:
3836:
3810:
3784:
3770:
3744:
3646:
3620:
3588:
3555:
3420:
2916:
2726:
2243:Department of Homeland Security
2178:Department of Homeland Security
1789:The only BSL-4 facility in the
1049:Canadian Food Inspection Agency
725:Effluent decontamination system
599:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
7136:Biosafety level 3 laboratories
7131:Biosafety level 4 laboratories
5561:Caribbean Public Health Agency
5209:"Rocky Mountain Labs Overview"
2985:Horton, Jake (26 April 2023).
2668:
2648:
2569:
2559:
2499:"Integrated Research Facility"
2020:Animal and Plant Health Agency
1782:Public Health Agency of Sweden
1477:National Institute of Virology
1045:Public Health Agency of Canada
13:
1:
6956:1989 California medfly attack
6820:Biological Weapons Convention
6618:Personnel Reliability Program
6351:Epidemic Intelligence Service
6216:Galveston National Laboratory
5905:Biological Weapons Convention
5518:1989 California medfly attack
5263:. UTMB Health. Archived from
4833:Davison N; Lentzos F (2012).
4771:Ewen Callaway (6 June 2013).
4516:Da-sol, Kim (16 March 2017).
4176:"Philipps-University Marburg"
2799:Racaniello V (14 July 2014).
2482:
2331:Galveston National Laboratory
2310:Integrated Research Facility
2220:Integrated Research Facility
2199:National Institutes of Health
1817:University Hospital of Geneva
1191:French Defence Health Service
340:(HIV), pathogenic strains of
215:for example as the result of
178:is a Class 4/ P4 Laboratory.
167:National Institutes of Health
155:Australian Academy of Science
6679:Strategic National Stockpile
6230:Integrated Research Facility
6012:DHS Office of Health Affairs
5090:"USAMRIID Biological Safety"
4897:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003105
4561:10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.5.03
4246:"Bio-containment Laboratory"
4126:. Heinrich Pette Institute.
3894:. University of Saskatchewan
2747:Lowenthal, John (May 2016).
2452:Interplanetary contamination
1335:Friedrich Loeffler Institute
396:, Georgia, US, working with
338:human immunodeficiency virus
153:In 1977, Jim Peacock of the
18:Biosafety level 3 laboratory
7:
6742:Biological Materials MASINT
6655:National Response Framework
6564:Laboratory Response Network
6525:Biological Threat Reduction
6469:Battelle Memorial Institute
5611:Laboratory Response Network
4958:. Kansas State University.
4721:Weekly Releases (1997–2007)
2457:Laboratory Response Network
2420:
2308:Rocky Mountain Laboratories
2041:Institute for Animal Health
1984:. Site demolished in 2018.
1894:National Defense University
1110:Wuhan Institute of Virology
1101:Wuhan Institute of Virology
551:class III biosafety cabinet
390:Centers for Disease Control
187:Wuhan Institute of Virology
183:Chinese Academy of Sciences
10:
7152:
7010:Aeromedical Isolation Team
5566:Center for Health Security
4734:10.2807/esw.07.51.02347-en
4302:"NIV Prune lab gets BSL-4"
2765:10.1016/j.jiph.2016.04.007
2427:Aeromedical Isolation Team
2107:
1746:North Chungcheong Province
1701:DSO National Laboratories
1225:. Since 2004, operated by
1168:Army of the Czech Republic
1160:Biological Defense Center
1075:University of Saskatchewan
926:Diagnostic reference lab.
871:Diagnostic laboratory for
760:extraterrestrial materials
739:
563:class II biosafety cabinet
533:
457:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
314:biological safety cabinets
233:National Public Laboratory
127:. Kaempf was tired of his
106:
40:level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory
7027:
6985:
6941:
6934:
6905:
6829:
6800:
6793:
6761:
6729:
6701:
6692:
6645:
6627:
6601:
6549:
6509:
6500:
6457:
6389:
6380:
6323:
6302:
6286:
6279:
6208:
6177:
6144:
6135:
6092:
6059:
6040:
5997:
5988:
5981:
5918:
5892:
5811:
5674:Burkholderia pseudomallei
5644:
5546:
5500:
4785:10.1038/nature.2013.13143
3705:10.1007/s00705-012-1594-2
2875:10.1038/nature.2017.21487
2320:
2210:
2112:
2085:UK Health Security Agency
2074:
2030:
1954:'s Centre for Infections
1914:
1887:
1882:
1801:
1795:hemorrhagic fever viruses
1640:
1537:
1488:
1419:
1372:
1279:
1174:
1085:
1016:
960:
907:
879:
238:
229:World Health Organization
54:pathogen/protection level
6582:(BMO) (part of JPEO-CBD)
6310:State Health Departments
6294:Local Health Departments
4100:. Robert Koch Institut.
4000:(in French). 20 May 2014
3004:. FOX News Network, LLC.
2654:Covt, Norman M. (1997),
2139:Georgia State University
1411:Opened in 2016, part of
1318:Leibniz Center Infection
1198:French Army laboratory.
1163:1971, rebuilt 2003–2007
782:List of BSL-4 facilities
282:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
36:Essential features of a
7090:Isolation (health care)
7060:Biological warfare (BW)
6433:University of Rochester
6404:Henry L. Stimson Center
5803:Viral hemorrhagic fever
2974:. The Associated Press.
2169:Kansas State University
1982:Francis Crick Institute
1930:Francis Crick Institute
1221:Built and owned by the
918:University of Melbourne
583:viral hemorrhagic fever
565:by personnel wearing a
490:Rift Valley fever virus
207:Starting with the 2020
5829:Psychochemical weapons
5679:Chlamydophila psittaci
5421:"Select Agent Program"
5385:- Retrieved 2017-01-19
5366:- Retrieved 2017-01-19
5347:- Retrieved 2017-01-19
4332:"Storia dell'Istituto"
4202:"Division of Virology"
2624:"Biosafety at Ryerson"
2064:foot and mouth disease
1330:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
986:foot-and-mouth disease
873:foot-and-mouth disease
747:Sample-return missions
567:positive pressure suit
545:
451:Francisella tularensis
409:
41:
7085:Entomological warfare
6986:Defunct organizations
6966:Wood Green ricin plot
6870:Project Bioshield Act
6847:Executive Order 13139
6200:Dugway Proving Ground
5923:Wiktionary definition
5864:Entomological warfare
5743:Legionnaires' disease
5528:Wood Green ricin plot
5400:www.sciencedirect.com
5160:. Boston University.
1952:Public Health England
1906:Kwen-yang Laboratory
1291:Robert Koch Institute
1079:Canadian Light Source
1077:and located near the
625:in Koltsovo, Russia.
543:
498:, several species of
495:Rickettsia rickettsii
387:
357:Plasmodium falciparum
35:
6961:2001 anthrax attacks
6629:Medical intelligence
6612:Select Agent Program
6536:Project Clear Vision
5693:Equine encephalitis
5523:2001 anthrax attacks
3693:Archives of Virology
2472:Security engineering
2056:Merial Animal Health
1704:End-2025 (expected)
1527:Ospedale Luigi Sacco
1266:Haut-Ogooué Province
956:Formerly the SRIEM.
821:According to a U.S.
803:adding missing items
5768:Salmonella enterica
4364:. 15 October 2015.
2866:2017Natur.542..399C
2714:on 27 February 2009
2636:on 16 February 2021
2588:on 23 February 2018
1758:First BSL-4 Lab in
1575:Nagasaki University
1570:Nagasaki Prefecture
1357:Philipps University
140:security clearances
7126:Biological hazards
6977:2013 ricin letters
6972:2003 ricin letters
6519:, implemented the
6448:George Mason Univ.
5869:Infectious disease
5606:Health Threat Unit
5538:2013 ricin letters
5533:2003 ricin letters
5490:Biological warfare
5381:2017-01-20 at the
5362:2017-01-25 at the
5343:2017-01-31 at the
4078:on 15 October 2014
3946:on 14 October 2018
3576:on 1 November 2022
3464:. 3 December 2009.
3368:. 11 February 2020
2661:2008-09-22 at the
2467:Safety engineering
2353:Operated by UTMB.
2261:United States Army
2180:, and replace the
2146:Research focus on
2068:bluetongue disease
1667:Novosibirsk Oblast
1592:Ibaraki Prefecture
1404:University of Pécs
1208:Metropolis of Lyon
801:; you can help by
727:of a BSL-4 lab of
546:
510:yellow fever virus
463:Chlamydia psittaci
410:
42:
7108:
7107:
7055:Biological hazard
7023:
7022:
6901:
6900:
6789:
6788:
6776:Biosafety cabinet
6688:
6687:
6647:Disaster response
6541:Project Jefferson
6496:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6474:SRI International
6376:
6375:
6275:
6274:
6131:
6130:
5941:
5940:
5928:Wikimedia Commons
5893:International law
5844:Biological hazard
5718:Foodborne illness
5714:
5706:
5699:
5684:Coxiella burnetii
5646:Biological agents
5450:, CDC publication
5267:on 5 January 2016
5241:on 5 October 2014
4848:978-0-309-22575-5
4415:. 3 August 2015.
3872:. 17 January 2024
3433:Boston University
2860:(7642): 399–400.
2545:978-0-1608-5042-4
2437:Biological hazard
2401:
2400:
2347:Shope Laboratory
2282:Boston University
1223:Fondation Mérieux
1215:BSL-4 Laboratory
1181:Brétigny-sur-Orge
1070:2025 (estimated)
819:
818:
656:from the machines
530:Biosafety level 4
485:Coxiella burnetii
425:biosafety cabinet
406:biosafety cabinet
388:Researcher at US
380:Biosafety level 3
363:Toxoplasma gondii
294:Biosafety level 2
276:Bacillus subtilis
244:Biosafety level 1
191:French government
113:biosafety cabinet
62:biological agents
16:(Redirected from
7143:
7050:Biological agent
7005:Sunshine Project
6939:
6938:
6798:
6797:
6699:
6698:
6661:(DHS; including
6510:Threat reduction
6507:
6506:
6479:Idaho Technology
6418:Brown University
6390:Academic centers
6387:
6386:
6284:
6283:
6142:
6141:
5995:
5994:
5986:
5985:
5968:
5961:
5954:
5945:
5944:
5854:Ethnic bioweapon
5812:Related concepts
5778:Salmonella typhi
5709:
5702:
5694:
5501:Modern incidents
5483:
5476:
5469:
5460:
5459:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5392:
5386:
5373:
5367:
5354:
5348:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5237:. Archived from
5231:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4978:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4926:
4920:
4919:
4909:
4899:
4874:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4830:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4768:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4736:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4668:
4661:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4580:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4522:The Korea Herald
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4497:on 18 March 2016
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4471:on 16 April 2021
4461:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3850:on 21 March 2016
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3724:
3699:(6): 1425–1432.
3679:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3600:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3575:
3569:. Archived from
3568:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3535:
3527:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3480:. Archived from
3479:
3471:
3465:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3400:
3389:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3266:
3250:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3228:
3221:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3190:ehs.missouri.edu
3182:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3151:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3096:
3087:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3061:
3054:
3043:
3006:
3005:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2776:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2704:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2672:
2666:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2635:
2628:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2584:. Archived from
2573:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2534:(5th ed.).
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2495:
2241:Operated by the
1838:Spiez Laboratory
1812:Canton of Geneva
1777:Stockholm County
1633:2024 (expected)
1156:Pardubice Region
1073:Operated by the
1005:2026 (expected)
831:
830:
814:
811:
793:
792:
786:
721:
712:control platform
705:
693:
681:
665:
646:
634:
438:A 2015 study by
342:Escherichia coli
264:Escherichia coli
21:
7151:
7150:
7146:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7141:
7140:
7111:
7110:
7109:
7104:
7080:Decontamination
7065:Biosurveillance
7019:
6987:
6981:
6943:
6942:Past biological
6930:
6907:
6897:
6825:
6808:Geneva Protocol
6785:
6771:Biosafety level
6757:
6725:
6694:
6684:
6641:
6623:
6597:
6551:Biosurveillance
6545:
6531:Project Bacchus
6502:
6488:
6460:
6453:
6392:and think tanks
6391:
6382:
6372:
6319:
6298:
6271:
6204:
6173:
6146:
6137:
6127:
6088:
6055:
6036:
5990:
5977:
5972:
5942:
5937:
5914:
5900:Geneva Protocol
5888:
5859:Decontamination
5807:
5664:Botulinum toxin
5659:Avian influenza
5640:
5556:Australia Group
5548:
5542:
5496:
5487:
5444:
5439:
5429:
5427:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5404:
5402:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5383:Wayback Machine
5376:GAO publication
5374:
5370:
5364:Wayback Machine
5355:
5351:
5345:Wayback Machine
5336:
5332:
5322:
5320:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5296:
5294:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5244:
5242:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5218:
5216:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5192:
5190:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5167:
5165:
5156:
5155:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5099:
5097:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5073:
5071:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5047:
5045:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5021:
5019:
5010:
5009:
5005:
4995:
4993:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4965:
4963:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4939:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4923:
4890:(1): e1003105.
4875:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4849:
4831:
4812:
4802:
4800:
4769:
4765:
4758:
4754:
4744:
4742:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4626:Cherpillod, P.
4624:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4524:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4474:
4472:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4448:
4446:
4436:
4432:
4422:
4420:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4371:
4369:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4341:
4339:
4338:on 7 March 2014
4330:
4329:
4325:
4315:
4313:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4255:
4253:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4211:
4209:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4107:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4079:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4055:
4053:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4003:
4001:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3949:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3920:on 3 March 2016
3912:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3875:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3801:
3799:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3680:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3635:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3513:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3492:
3487:on 2 June 2016.
3484:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3456:
3452:
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3440:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3390:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3284:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3253:
3251:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3211:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3153:
3152:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3088:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3044:
3009:
2998:
2994:
2983:
2979:
2968:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2904:on 3 March 2016
2896:
2895:
2891:
2846:
2842:
2835:Washington Post
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2797:
2790:
2745:
2741:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2683:on 20 June 2008
2673:
2669:
2663:Wayback Machine
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2622:
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2601:
2591:
2589:
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2546:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2423:
2406:
2404:Safety concerns
1544:Musashimurayama
1039:Located at the
844:
815:
809:
806:
790:
784:
744:
738:
731:
722:
713:
706:
697:
694:
685:
682:
673:
666:
657:
647:
638:
635:
538:
532:
519:Yersinia pestis
514:West Nile virus
398:influenza virus
382:
296:
246:
241:
109:
46:biosafety level
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7149:
7139:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7106:
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7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7035:Agro-terrorism
7031:
7029:
7028:Related topics
7025:
7024:
7021:
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7018:
7017:
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6997:
6991:
6989:
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6911:
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6802:
6795:
6791:
6790:
6787:
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6784:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6767:
6765:
6763:Biocontainment
6759:
6758:
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6755:
6749:
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6019:
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5992:
5991:administrative
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5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5839:Biocontainment
5836:
5831:
5826:
5824:Anthrax hoaxes
5821:
5819:Agro-terrorism
5815:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5788:Staphylococcus
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
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5730:
5725:
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5442:External links
5440:
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5425:ors.od.nih.gov
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5081:
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5003:
4973:
4947:
4921:
4884:PLOS Pathogens
4866:
4847:
4810:
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4752:
4708:
4694:
4680:
4645:
4618:
4592:
4555:(5): 280–285.
4534:
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4011:
3983:
3957:
3931:
3905:
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3861:
3835:
3809:
3783:
3769:
3743:
3685:Kobinger, Gary
3671:
3645:
3619:
3587:
3554:
3519:
3507:
3490:
3466:
3460:. Jeremy Hsu,
3450:
3419:
3379:
3349:
3327:
3312:
3292:Osha.europa.eu
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3202:
3177:
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2962:
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2942:10.1086/520539
2915:
2889:
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2822:
2788:
2759:(3): 236–239.
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2432:Biocontainment
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2024:
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2017:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1986:
1985:
1978:
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1971:
1969:Greater London
1961:
1960:
1957:
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1949:
1947:Greater London
1939:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1925:Greater London
1918:
1916:United Kingdom
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1911:
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1900:
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1865:
1863:Canton of Bern
1855:
1854:
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1840:
1835:
1833:Canton of Bern
1825:
1824:
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1733:
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1709:
1708:
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1699:
1697:Central Region
1694:
1688:
1687:
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1669:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1647:Sergiyev Posad
1644:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1616:New Clark City
1613:
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1438:
1435:
1432:
1430:Madhya Pradesh
1423:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1399:Baranya County
1391:
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1149:
1147:Czech Republic
1143:
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1114:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1098:
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1071:
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1053:
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1037:
1034:
1029:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1010:Sincrotron lab
1006:
1003:
1000:
990:
989:
982:
979:
973:
967:Pedro Leopoldo
964:
958:
957:
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740:Main article:
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648:
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531:
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432:
431:
428:
421:
418:
381:
378:
346:Staphylococcus
321:
320:
317:
306:
303:
295:
292:
270:Staphylococcus
245:
242:
240:
237:
221:United Nations
108:
105:
70:European Union
58:biocontainment
56:, is a set of
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7148:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
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6984:
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6913:
6912:
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6906:International
6904:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6885:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
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6868:
6866:
6863:
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6857:
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6851:
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6821:
6818:
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6809:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6799:
6796:
6792:
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6753:
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6728:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6697:
6695:and equipment
6691:
6680:
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6674:
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6656:
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6652:
6650:
6648:
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6407:
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6379:
6368:
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6336:
6332:
6329:
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6322:
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6313:
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6301:
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6264:
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6257:
6254:
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6099:
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6017:
6013:
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6000:
5996:
5993:
5987:
5984:
5982:Organizations
5980:
5976:
5969:
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5957:
5955:
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5898:
5897:
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5891:
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5882:
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5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5810:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5773:Salmonellosis
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5748:Marburg virus
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
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5708:
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5701:
5698:
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5677:
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5614:
5612:
5609:
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5599:
5597:
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5521:
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5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5484:
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5477:
5472:
5470:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5455:
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5449:
5446:
5445:
5426:
5422:
5416:
5401:
5397:
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5384:
5380:
5377:
5372:
5365:
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5358:
5353:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5334:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5266:
5262:
5256:
5240:
5236:
5230:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5189:
5185:
5179:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5138:
5132:
5117:
5111:
5095:
5091:
5085:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5043:
5039:
5033:
5017:
5013:
5007:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4961:
4957:
4951:
4935:
4931:
4925:
4917:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4873:
4871:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4767:
4761:
4756:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4712:
4704:
4698:
4690:
4684:
4665:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4633:
4629:
4622:
4606:
4602:
4596:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
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4550:
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4538:
4523:
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4512:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4404:
4389:
4383:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4026:on 6 May 2016
4025:
4021:
4015:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3893:
3892:"About USask"
3887:
3871:
3865:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3779:
3773:
3757:
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3728:
3723:
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3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
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3678:
3676:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3633:
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3623:
3604:
3597:
3591:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3539:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3516:
3511:
3503:
3497:
3495:
3483:
3476:
3470:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3404:
3397:
3396:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3337:
3331:
3323:
3316:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3225:
3218:
3217:
3209:
3207:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3174:
3159:
3158:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3100:
3093:
3090:Richmond JY.
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3058:
3051:
3050:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3003:
2996:
2988:
2981:
2973:
2966:
2958:
2952:
2943:
2938:
2935:: S127–S128.
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2810:
2806:
2805:Virology Blog
2802:
2795:
2793:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2735:
2729:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2682:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2587:
2583:
2582:www.canada.ca
2579:
2572:
2562:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2524:
2508:
2504:
2503:niaid.nih.gov
2500:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2415:select agents
2410:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:Massachusetts
2270:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2109:United States
2106:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Hertfordshire
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1859:Mittelhäusern
1857:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:Nordic region
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1651:Moscow Oblast
1648:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
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1447:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:Vert-le-Petit
1233:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1001:
999:
995:
992:
991:
987:
983:
980:
978:(Lanagro/MG)
977:
974:
972:
968:
965:
963:
959:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
935:
933:
930:
929:
925:
922:
919:
916:
914:
910:
906:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
887:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
868:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
847:
842:
839:
836:
833:
832:
829:
826:
824:
813:
804:
800:
797:This list is
795:
788:
787:
779:
776:
771:
769:
765:
764:microorganism
761:
757:
752:
748:
743:
730:
726:
720:
715:
711:
704:
699:
692:
687:
680:
675:
671:
664:
659:
655:
651:
645:
640:
633:
628:
627:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:Marburg virus
584:
579:
576:
570:
568:
564:
560:
557:or a tank of
556:
552:
542:
537:
527:
525:
521:
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:
497:
496:
491:
487:
486:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:
459:
458:
453:
452:
446:
443:
442:
436:
429:
426:
422:
419:
416:
415:
414:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
377:
375:
371:
367:
365:
364:
359:
358:
353:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
318:
315:
311:
307:
304:
301:
300:
299:
291:
289:
284:
283:
278:
277:
272:
271:
266:
265:
259:
256:
252:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
181:In 2003, the
179:
177:
173:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
143:
141:
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
104:
102:
101:Health Canada
98:
94:
89:
87:
86:P3 laboratory
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
34:
30:
19:
7095:Select agent
7075:CBRN defense
7070:Bioterrorism
6988:and programs
6810:(1925, 1975)
6770:
6503:and projects
6383:governmental
6162:Fort Detrick
6147:departmental
5549:and response
5494:bioterrorism
5428:. Retrieved
5424:
5415:
5403:. Retrieved
5399:
5390:
5371:
5352:
5338:NCMVCA study
5333:
5321:. Retrieved
5307:
5295:. Retrieved
5281:
5269:. Retrieved
5265:the original
5255:
5245:30 September
5243:. Retrieved
5239:the original
5229:
5217:. Retrieved
5203:
5191:. Retrieved
5187:
5178:
5166:. Retrieved
5152:
5140:. Retrieved
5131:
5119:. Retrieved
5110:
5098:. Retrieved
5084:
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5058:
5046:. Retrieved
5032:
5020:. Retrieved
5006:
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4976:
4964:. Retrieved
4950:
4938:. Retrieved
4924:
4887:
4883:
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4838:
4801:. Retrieved
4776:
4766:
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4743:. Retrieved
4724:
4720:
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4683:
4671:. Retrieved
4636:. Retrieved
4621:
4609:. Retrieved
4595:
4552:
4548:
4537:
4525:. Retrieved
4521:
4511:
4499:. Retrieved
4495:the original
4485:
4473:. Retrieved
4469:the original
4459:
4447:. Retrieved
4444:ABS-CBN News
4443:
4433:
4421:. Retrieved
4413:Japan Bullet
4412:
4403:
4391:. Retrieved
4382:
4370:. Retrieved
4361:
4352:
4340:. Retrieved
4336:the original
4326:
4314:. Retrieved
4305:
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4275:
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4240:
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4210:. Retrieved
4196:
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4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4152:. Caverion.
4144:
4132:. Retrieved
4118:
4106:. Retrieved
4092:
4082:30 September
4080:. Retrieved
4076:the original
4066:
4054:. Retrieved
4040:
4028:. Retrieved
4024:the original
4014:
4002:. Retrieved
3995:
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3960:
3948:. Retrieved
3944:the original
3934:
3922:. Retrieved
3918:the original
3908:
3896:. Retrieved
3886:
3874:. Retrieved
3864:
3852:. Retrieved
3848:the original
3838:
3826:. Retrieved
3812:
3800:. Retrieved
3795:
3786:
3772:
3760:. Retrieved
3746:
3734:. Retrieved
3696:
3692:
3662:. Retrieved
3648:
3636:. Retrieved
3622:
3610:. Retrieved
3590:
3578:. Retrieved
3571:the original
3557:
3545:. Retrieved
3510:
3482:the original
3469:
3461:
3453:
3441:. Retrieved
3432:
3422:
3410:. Retrieved
3394:
3370:. Retrieved
3361:
3352:
3340:. Retrieved
3330:
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3303:. Retrieved
3291:
3281:
3269:. Retrieved
3256:
3231:. Retrieved
3215:
3193:. Retrieved
3189:
3180:
3172:
3165:. Retrieved
3156:
3132:. Retrieved
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3064:. Retrieved
3048:
2995:
2980:
2965:
2951:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2902:the original
2892:
2857:
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2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2804:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2712:the original
2685:. Retrieved
2681:the original
2670:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2631:the original
2618:
2608:
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2586:the original
2581:
2571:
2561:
2549:. Retrieved
2530:
2523:
2511:. Retrieved
2502:
2477:Select agent
2411:
2407:
2225:Operated by
2212:Fort Detrick
1874:Part of the
1718:Johannesburg
1713:South Africa
1412:
1316:Part of the
1213:Jean Mérieux
1122:Heilongjiang
1061:Saskatchewan
971:Minas Gerais
859:Buenos Aires
848:Description
845:established
827:
820:
807:
772:
756:biohazardous
745:
611:flaviviruses
603:Hendra virus
580:
573:also employ
571:
559:disinfectant
547:
517:
499:
493:
483:
461:
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449:
447:
439:
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322:
297:
280:
274:
268:
262:
260:
247:
206:
199:
180:
152:
144:
133:
121:Camp Detrick
110:
93:hand-washing
90:
85:
81:
77:
53:
49:
45:
43:
29:
6853:Patriot Act
6830:Legislation
6737:Cell CANARY
6721:Respirators
6603:Biosecurity
6484:Phoenix Air
6461:contractors
5738:Henipavirus
5669:Brucellosis
5193:29 December
5142:30 December
5121:30 December
4362:Japan Times
4232:szkk.pte.hu
3997:Le Parisien
3762:22 February
2718:11 February
2566:89/391/EEC)
2513:14 November
2447:Hazmat suit
2359:San Antonio
2259:Run by the
2253:(USAMRIID)
2076:Porton Down
1990:Potters Bar
1845:Run by the
1803:Switzerland
1760:South Korea
1737:South Korea
1678:One of two
1611:Philippines
1472:Maharashtra
1262:Franceville
609:, and some
607:Nipah virus
595:Lassa virus
591:Ebola virus
506:chikungunya
255:isopropanol
7115:Categories
7040:Biodefense
6703:Protection
6693:Technology
6681:(CDC, DHS)
6605:/Biosurety
6594:(Civilian)
6572:(EPA, CDC)
6527:(DoD) plus
6459:Government
6170:(DHHS/DoD)
6119:(JPEO-CBD)
5933:Wikisource
5733:Hantavirus
5711:Venezuelan
5547:Prevention
5188:www.bu.edu
4689:"Homepage"
3580:3 November
3443:5 December
3342:4 February
3195:25 January
2640:4 February
2483:References
2011:Addlestone
1326:Greifswald
810:March 2014
799:incomplete
768:nanometers
751:Category V
534:See also:
524:SARS-CoV-2
476:SARS-CoV-1
402:respirator
351:Salmonella
172:Corio Oval
6944:incidents
6730:Detection
5884:Terrorism
5793:Tularemia
4793:180705493
4760:檢驗及疫苗研製中心
4569:2210-9099
4306:The Hindu
4276:The Hindu
3898:31 August
3876:31 August
3713:0304-8608
3462:Space.com
3300:0378-6978
2687:14 August
2505:. NIAID.
2442:Biosafety
2322:Galveston
2280:(NEIDL),
2156:Manhattan
2080:Wiltshire
2032:Pirbright
1965:Mill Hill
1943:Colindale
1692:Singapore
1450:Telangana
1446:Hyderabad
1057:Saskatoon
998:São Paulo
909:Melbourne
881:Australia
866:(SENASA)
854:Argentina
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654:pathogens
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336:viruses,
231:over its
217:Rand Paul
213:US Senate
136:biosafety
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6801:Treaties
6754:(JBAIDS)
6716:NBC suit
6578:(GBTI),
6570:BioWatch
6501:Programs
6446:(NCBID;
6280:Response
6209:Civilian
6178:Military
6138:research
6016:BioWatch
5834:Bacteria
5783:Smallpox
5728:Glanders
5508:Unit 731
5379:Archived
5360:Archived
5341:Archived
5317:Archived
5291:Archived
5213:Archived
5162:Archived
5094:Archived
5068:Archived
5042:Archived
5016:Archived
4990:Archived
4960:Archived
4934:Archived
4916:23349630
4853:Archived
4797:Archived
4739:Archived
4664:Archived
4632:Archived
4605:Archived
4587:33117632
4423:14 March
4417:Archived
4393:18 April
4366:Archived
4316:24 April
4310:Archived
4286:25 April
4280:Archived
4256:20 April
4250:Archived
4212:16 April
4206:Archived
4186:16 April
4180:Archived
4160:16 April
4154:Archived
4134:16 April
4128:Archived
4108:16 April
4102:Archived
4056:11 April
4050:Archived
4030:11 April
3970:Archived
3950:13 March
3828:12 March
3822:Archived
3756:Archived
3731:23358612
3658:Archived
3632:Archived
3603:Archived
3538:Archived
3437:Archived
3403:Archived
3305:12 March
3262:Archived
3224:Archived
3167:3 August
3128:Archived
3099:Archived
3057:Archived
2884:28230144
2809:Archived
2783:27118215
2659:Archived
2507:Archived
2421:See also
2385:Virginia
2381:Richmond
2342:(UTMB).
2299:Hamilton
2216:Maryland
2194:Maryland
2190:Bethesda
2167:(NBAF),
2131:smallpox
1742:Cheongju
1684:smallpox
1663:Koltsovo
1599:(RIKEN)
1566:Nagasaki
1522:Lombardy
1379:Budapest
1152:Těchonín
1047:and the
1027:Manitoba
1023:Winnipeg
994:Campinas
913:Victoria
890:Victoria
834:Country
672:machine.
615:smallpox
585:such as
575:airlocks
501:Brucella
480:MERS-CoV
310:aerosols
288:colleges
209:COVID-19
195:CIRI lab
125:Maryland
80:through
6935:History
6657:of the
6586:ESSENCE
6324:Federal
6136:Federal
5989:Federal
5704:Western
5697:Eastern
5654:Anthrax
5430:14 June
5405:14 June
5297:3 April
4907:3547859
4578:7577389
4527:16 June
4475:4 March
4004:5 March
3976:9 April
3924:9 April
3854:8 April
3736:16 June
3722:3669655
3664:8 April
3638:3 April
3612:3 April
3372:1 April
3271:9 April
3233:9 April
3134:2 April
3108:2 April
3066:2 April
2908:9 April
2862:Bibcode
2815:3 April
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2551:1 April
2303:Montana
2148:B virus
2118:Georgia
2114:Atlanta
1849:of the
1722:Gauteng
1686:virus.
1588:Tsukuba
1374:Hungary
1361:Marburg
1348:Marburg
1304:Hamburg
1281:Germany
1239:Essonne
1185:Essonne
1129:of the
942:Belarus
886:Geelong
710:aerosol
394:Atlanta
225:Sudan's
107:History
7121:Safety
6968:(2002)
6927:(2004)
6889:(2006)
6883:(2005)
6872:(2004)
6861:(2002)
6855:(2001)
6849:(1999)
6822:(1972)
6816:(1969)
6675:(DHHS)
6337:, HHS)
6268:(USDA)
6145:Trans-
5798:Typhus
5758:Plague
5323:1 June
5271:28 May
5219:28 May
5168:28 May
5100:28 May
5074:28 May
5048:28 May
5022:28 May
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2015:Surrey
1921:Camden
1889:Taipei
1884:Taiwan
1808:Geneva
1768:Sweden
1642:Russia
1624:Tarlac
1426:Bhopal
1286:Berlin
1227:INSERM
1176:France
1118:Harbin
1018:Canada
962:Brazil
597:, and
522:, and
408:(BSC).
370:Prions
360:, and
332:, and
251:bleach
239:Levels
174:. The
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6620:(DoD)
6614:(CDC)
6588:(DoD)
6566:(CDC)
6369:(CDC)
6363:(CDC)
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6287:Local
6252:/DHS)
6242:(HHS)
6234:NIAID
6232:(HHS/
6224:NIAID
5879:Toxin
5874:Virus
5763:Ricin
5723:Fungi
5689:Ebola
4789:S2CID
4667:(PDF)
4660:(PDF)
4501:4 May
4372:1 May
4342:1 May
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2592:7 May
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2372:1999
2363:Texas
2350:2004
2326:Texas
2313:2008
2256:1969
2173:2023
2143:1997
1934:2015
1899:1983
1842:2013
1829:Spiez
1786:2001
1773:Solna
1755:2017
1729:2002
1620:Capas
1602:1984
1579:2021
1557:2015
1548:Tokyo
1539:Japan
1531:2006
1518:Milan
1508:1997
1499:Lazio
1490:Italy
1481:2012
1459:2009
1437:1998
1421:India
1408:2016
1386:1998
1365:2008
1352:Hesse
1339:2010
1313:2014
1295:2015
1257:Gabon
1248:2013
1218:1999
1195:2015
1135:2018
1106:2015
1096:Hubei
1092:Wuhan
1087:China
1036:1999
981:2014
947:Minsk
923:2014
899:1985
840:Name
729:NIAID
650:SPECT
159:CSIRO
6711:MOPP
6665:and
6663:NIMS
6592:RODS
6523:and
6381:Non-
6345:USMC
6335:NDMS
6260:USDA
6220:UTMB
6061:DHHS
5753:Mold
5492:and
5432:2021
5407:2021
5325:2021
5299:2016
5273:2016
5247:2014
5221:2016
5195:2022
5170:2016
5144:2018
5123:2018
5102:2016
5076:2016
5050:2016
5024:2016
4998:2016
4968:2016
4942:2016
4912:PMID
4861:2016
4843:ISBN
4805:2016
4747:2016
4675:2016
4640:2016
4613:2020
4583:PMID
4565:ISSN
4529:2021
4503:2016
4477:2021
4451:2021
4425:2018
4395:2024
4374:2016
4344:2016
4318:2016
4288:2016
4258:2016
4214:2016
4188:2016
4162:2016
4136:2016
4110:2016
4084:2014
4058:2016
4032:2016
4006:2020
3978:2016
3952:2019
3926:2016
3900:2024
3878:2024
3856:2016
3830:2023
3804:2022
3764:2018
3738:2021
3727:PMID
3709:ISSN
3666:2016
3640:2016
3614:2016
3582:2022
3549:2016
3445:2014
3414:2016
3374:2020
3344:2021
3307:2023
3296:ISSN
3273:2016
3235:2016
3197:2023
3169:2021
3136:2016
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3068:2016
2910:2016
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2817:2016
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2689:2008
2642:2021
2594:2018
2553:2020
2540:ISBN
2515:2014
2066:and
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