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than three occasions in the past two weeks are statistically 19 times more likely to develop alcoholism than non-binge drinkers, though the direction of causality remains unclear. This is particularly interesting, as drinking for the sole purpose of getting drunk remains a major health and social problem on college campuses across the United States. Heavy and regular binge drinking during adolescence is associated with an increased risk of alcoholism. Approximately 40% of alcoholics report heavy drinking during adolescence. Repeated episodes of excessive drinking, especially at an early age, are thought to cause a profound increase in the risk of developing an alcohol-related disorder (ICD-10, harmful use/dependence syndrome). Heavy drinking is also closely associated with depression. Those with severe depression have higher rates of alcohol abuse than those with low depression. College students who are depressed are more susceptible to use alcohol than college students who are not depressed. In a study conducted at
Harvard University, it was found that about 32% of students surveyed were diagnosable for alcohol abuse and about 6% were diagnosed as alcohol dependent. Binge drinking is also becoming an increasing problem in Australian adolescents, the Australian School Students Alcohol and Drug survey conducted by the National Cancer Council discovered that around 33% of students between years 7 and 11 consumed alcohol in the week leading up to the survey, they also found that 10% of the students participated in binge drinking at a consumption level which is considered dangerous to adults. When the survey results were separated into age groups the findings were that 13% of 15-year-old's and 22% of 17-year-old's had alcohol consumption levels above the daily maximum suggested to adults and that 20% of 17-year-old's had a consumption level of alcohol considered risky to adults.
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interventions by healthcare providers are the most effective means of reducing morbidity and mortality rates associated with binge drinking. Programs in the United States have thought of numerous ways to help prevent binge drinking. The
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests increasing the cost of alcohol or the excise taxes, restricting the number of stores who may obtain a license to sell liquor (reducing "outlet density"), and implementing stricter law enforcement of underage drinking laws. There are also a number of individual counseling approaches, such as motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral approaches, that have been shown to reduce drinking among heavy drinking college students. In 2006, the Wisconsin Initiative to Promote Healthy Lifestyles implemented a program that helps primary care physicians identify and address binge drinking problems in patients. In August 2008, a group of
338:, and an increased risk of HIV infection. 10% of women and 19% of men have reported being assaulted as a result of alcohol. Males who drink more than 35 units of alcohol per week report being physically hurt as a result of alcohol, and 15% report physically hurting others as a result of their drinking. Almost 16% of binge drinkers report being taken advantage of sexually, and 8% report taking advantage of another person sexually as a result of alcohol within a one-year period. Heavy drinkers cause approximately 183,000 rapes and sexual assaults, 197,000 robberies, 661,000 aggravated assaults, and 1.7 million simple assaults each year. Binge drinking has been associated with higher probability of divorce, spousal abuse, and poor job performance. Binge drinking can cause adverse effects on the body including effects on blood
542:. Impairments in spatial working memory and pattern recognition tasks also have been found in heavy binge drinkers. Impulse control is also impaired in binge drinkers, especially female binge drinkers. Additionally, immediate and delayed recall of verbal and visual information is impaired; conversely, semantic organizational ability is better in binge drinkers compared to non-binge drinkers. Studies in adolescents have shown that regular binge drinking may cause long-lasting cognitive impairments, though the threshold needed to produce significant effects remains unclear. Cognitive impairment in adults is also unclear, as one study found no association between binge drinking and cognitive impairment. Binge drinking is believed to increase impulsivity due to altered functioning of
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drunk driving, and expenditures related to criminal acts. Overall, 11.9% of binge drinkers drove during or within two hours of their most recent binge drinking episode. Those drinking in licensed establishments (bars, clubs, and restaurants) accounted for 54.3% of these driving episodes. Significant independent risk factors for driving after binge drinking included male gender (AOR=1.75); being aged 35–54 or ≥55 years compared to 18–34 years (AOR=1.58 and 2.37, respectively); and drinking in bars or clubs compared to drinking in the respondent's home (AOR=7.81). Drivers who drank most of their alcohol in licensed establishments consumed an average of 8.1 drinks, and 25.7% of them consumed ≥10 drinks.
717:
791:
2263:
229:(NIAAA) defines the term "binge drinking" as a pattern of drinking that brings a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08 percent or above. Whatever the numerical definition used, heavy drinking or rapid consumption over a short period of time with the intention of becoming intoxicated is often implied when the term is used colloquially, since four or five drinks consumed over the course of a whole day and as an accompaniment to meals will not have the same effects as the same amount consumed over a couple of hours on an empty stomach.
427:
travelling after binge drinking and, also, it is more common that adolescents that binge-drink drive drunk or are the passenger of a drunk driver. It has been found that 50% of all head injuries in adolescents in the US are associated with alcohol consumption. Violence and suicide combine to become the third-most-common cause of death associated with binge drinking among adolescents. The suicide risk in adolescents is more than four times higher among binge drinkers than non-binge drinking adolescents.
965:
1081:
207:
drinking is defined by one academic publication as drinking more than twice the daily limit, that is, drinking eight units or more for men or six units or more for women (roughly equivalent to five or four
American standard drinks, respectively). In Australia, binge drinking is also known as risky single occasion drinking (RSOD) and can be classified by the drinking of seven or more standard drinks (by males) and five or more standard drinks (by females) within a single day. When BEACH (
34:
387:
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of the fetus with regard to sensitivity to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol, and if long-lasting or permanent damage to the brain occurs similar to what animal studies suggest, then this represents a major public health issue due to the high levels of alcohol use by adolescents. Indeed, alcohol can affect the remodeling and functional changes in synaptic plasticity and neuronal connectivity in different brain regions that occurs during adolescence (
475:
167:(brain cells). Each binge drinking episode immediately insults the brain; repeat episodes result in accumulating harm. The developing adolescent brain is thought to be particularly susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of binge drinking, with some evidence of brain damage occurring from drinking more than 10 or 11 drinks once or twice per month. A 2020 study found that even a single episode of binge drinking can lead to atrophy of the brain's
927:
strategies for reducing the harm of binge drinking. Encouraging recreational and adventurous training activities such as climbing or driving can be used alternative "natural buzzes" to alcohol misuse. Additionally, the provision of educational content about the risks of binge drinking and a risk assessment are beneficial during intervention with young binge drinkers and a referral in the case of an alcohol use disorder for specialised help.
918:
e.g. for alcohol poisoning or injury, is manualised brief interventions at the hospital in one to four counseling sessions each lasting 30 to 60 minutes conducted by trained staff. Evaluation of personal pattern of drinking and associated risks and an emphasis on personal responsibility in a non-condescending manner is recommended during the intervention; discussing and informing and educating the adolescent of possible negative short and
419:
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in poor metabolism of alcohol, which leads to severe adverse effects such as facial flushing. Men are more likely to binge drink (up to 81% of alcohol binges are done by men) than women and men are also more likely to develop alcohol dependence than women. People who are homozygous for the ALDH2 gene are less likely to binge-drink due to severe adverse effects that occur even with moderate amounts of alcohol consumption.
202:, defines binge drinking as "a pattern of drinking that brings a person's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08 percent or above. This typically happens when men consume five or more drinks, and when women consume four or more drinks, in about two hours." and estimated that about 16% of American adults met these criteria at least four times per month. One 2001 definition from the publication
148:. Binge drinking during adolescence is associated with traffic accidents and other types of accidents, violent behavior as well as suicide. The more often a child or adolescent binge drinks and the younger they are the more likely that they will develop an alcohol use disorder including alcoholism. A large number of adolescents who binge-drink also consume other psychotropic substances.
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People who were loners or who did not see close friends important to their sense of who they were reacted better to ads featuring an individual. A similar pattern was shown for ads showing a person driving at dangerous speeds. This suggests ads showing potential harm to citizens from binge drinking or dangerous driving are less effective than ads highlighting a person's close friends.
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strict policies and active monitoring. However, the festivities did not stop and many members were not only affected during their time in college, but also later in life. Studies have shown that both male and female students that were associated with Greek organizations were more likely to develop
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in comparison to their non-Greek counterparts.
768:
drinks (male) or 80 drinks (female) per month (concentrated to 21 occasions or less per month) throughout a three-year period had impaired decision-making skills compared to non-binge drinkers. Repeated acute withdrawal from alcohol, which occurs in heavy binge drinkers, has been shown in several studies to be associated with cognitive deficits as a result of neural
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show the harms and consequences of risky single occasion drinking (RSOD) as binge drinking is defined in
Australia. Evidence as to the effectiveness of these types of campaigns is mixed. Research needs to be completed to ensure that the effectiveness of the messages are resulting in a positive shift in the behaviours of the target audience.
312:
problems (more common in adolescent girls), excessive drinking among peers, poor relationship with parents, alcohol abuse by parents. Genetic conditions combined with a background of negative environmental factors increase the harmful use of alcohol. Additionally the risk-taking behavior associated with adolescence promotes binge drinking.
415:
age at which people started drinking could be delayed to age 20, there would be a 50% reduction in the number of cases of alcohol use disorder. However, it is unclear whether this is a causal relationship, or a function of confounding familial (and other) factors associated with both age at first drink and propensity for alcoholism.
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a high level of novel seeking, thrill seeking and risk taking behaviour and thus alcohol and other drug experimentation and abuse is common. An adolescent rat study found that a short exposure to high levels of alcohol resulted in long-lasting changes to functional brain activity with corresponding abnormalities in
671:. Excessive alcohol consumption is responsible for an average of 80,000 deaths in the U.S. each year and $ 223.5 billion in economic costs in 2006. More than half of these deaths and three-quarters of the economic costs are due to binge drinking (≥4 drinks for women; ≥5 drinks for men, per occasion).
1013:
released a study in
October 2011 that showed that in the United States binge drinking costs society $ 223 billion a year, which amounts to $ 2 per drink. These costs include health care costs for alcohol-related issues, including liver cirrhosis, loss of work productivity, property damage due to
980:
Individuals of
African descent have a lower level of binge drinking followed by those of Asian descent. In the case of Asians their low level of binge drinking may be due to the presence of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH2, Chromosome 12) in many (but by no means the vast majority) that results
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Due to the risks especially in adolescents, of cognitive impairments and possible irreversible brain damage associated with binge drinking, urgent action has been recommended. There is some evidence that interventions by employers such as, health and lifestyle checks, psychosocial skills training and
900:
Understanding consumer personality and how people view others is important. People were shown ads talking of the harmful effects of binge drinking. People who valued close friends as a sense of who they are, were less likely to want to binge drink after seeing an ad featuring them and a close friend.
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systems mature. This critical developmental stage is where lifelong adult traits e.g., talents, reasoning and complex skills mature; however alcohol and in particular binge drinking may disrupt and interfere with this developmental process. Adolescence is also a period of development characterised by
600:
Binge drinking is a more important factor rather than average alcohol intake, with regard to the severity of alcohol induced damage to the fetus. Alcohol has definite long-term adverse effects on the fetus, in particular impaired attentional skills and may lead to psychiatric disorders when the child
519:
A recent study conducted on an
American College tested to discover if excessive binge drinking would have an effect on the cardiovascular system. From the results they received they found alterations in the binge drinker's macrocirculation and microcirculation functions which may be sign of a risk in
371:
can occur in individuals who chronically abuse alcohol and have a recent history of binge drinking. Alcohol affects brain development quite significantly especially during adolescence when the brain is still developing. The main lobes that are involved in decision making and complex thought processes
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Binge drinking is more common in men than it is in women. Among students in the US, approximately 50% of men and 39% of women binge drink. Racial differences exist among binge drinking with
Hispanics followed by Caucasians having the highest level of binge drinking. Caucasians have been found to be
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In 2009 the
Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing spent $ 53.5 million Australian Dollars on National Binge Drinking Strategy to target young Australians. This campaign titled "Don't Turn a Night Out Into a Nightmare" was delivered to the public over many mass media platforms to
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Research shows ways to reduce binge drinking or engage in dangerous drinking. Some computer-based intervention appear to reduce binge drinking, an example of which is "rethinking drinking". A systematic review of published research also indicated that face-to-face interventions are most effective in
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brain waves that persisted into adulthood, including persisting disturbances in sleep EEG with a reduction in slow wave sleep. These EEG findings are similar to premature aging. According to one review of the literature, if the developmental stage of adolescence is similar to the developmental stage
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While several rat studies indicate that alcohol is more toxic during adolescence than adulthood, some researchers believe that it remains unclear whether this is also the case in humans. Though heavy binge drinking adolescent humans show impaired brain activity during memory tests and underdeveloped
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The high levels of binge drinking among young people and the adverse consequences that include increased risk of alcoholism as an adult and liver disease make binge drinking a major public health issue. Recent research has found that young college binge drinkers who drink four or more drinks on more
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with resultant learning deficits. While brain damage from binge drinking is known to occur as a result of binge drinking patterns, it is unclear how long drinking sessions last and how regular binge drinking is done to cause brain damage in humans. One study found that humans who drank at least 100
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and problems with learning, memory, attention, problem solving and problems with mental health and social interactions. Deformities in facial features, skeletal and body organs as well as a smaller head circumference are also sometimes present in these children. Studies in sheep indicate that fetal
451:
In college, many students will join Greek organizations that heavily revolve around social drinking. For new members, especially in fraternities, binge drinking is heavily encouraged and underage drinking is commonplace. Over the past few decades, many schools have cracked down on Greek events with
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effects of alcohol abuse during adolescence can be permanent. Research in humans, which used sophisticated brain scanning technology suggests that in adolescent teenagers, drinking more than four or five drinks once or twice a month results in subtle damage to the teenagers developing brain tissue,
430:
Earlier sexual activity, increased changing of sexual partners, higher rate of unwanted pregnancy, higher rate of sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, and alcohol-related damage to the fetus during pregnancy is associated with binge drinking. Female binge drinkers are three times more likely
414:
or alcoholism include social and genetic factors. Several researchers have found that starting drinking before the age of 15 is associated with a fourfold increased risk for developing alcoholism compared to people that delay drinking until age 20 or later. It has been estimated by some that if the
206:
states that five drinks for men and four drinks for women must be consumed on one occasion at least once in a two-week period for it to be classed as binge drinking. This is colloquially known as the "5/4 definition", and depending on the source, the timeframe can vary. In the United Kingdom, binge
4579:
Rhodes KV, Rodgers M, Sommers M, Hanlon A, Crits-Christoph P. The Social Health Intervention Project (SHIP): Protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of a brief motivational intervention for problem drinking and intimate partner violence in an urban emergency
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Adolescents who misuse alcohol can benefit from interventions aimed at risk reduction. For more severe cases an intervention involving parents, guardians, or a psychotherapist is recommended. An effective strategy of intervention for adolescents whose binge drinking leads to admission to hospital,
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to 18 (presumably) was one way to curb the "culture of dangerous binge drinking" among college students. This idea is currently the subject of controversy. Proponents argue that the 21 law forces drinking underground and makes it more dangerous than it has to be, while opponents have claimed that
307:
Semi-structured interview were carried out with 64 14- to 17-year-olds who had an experience of binge drinking. These interviews found that motivations included social facilitation which was ease in social situations, individual benefits such as getting a 'buzz' and influences of peer pressure and
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Increasing public information and awareness regarding the risks of binge drinking, conducting interviews in emergency departments of young people suspected of harmful drinking patterns and trying to persuade them to accept individual counseling in youth addiction counseling services are effective
806:
release; due to the repeated intoxication, followed by acute withdrawal, a neurotoxic effect that damages the central nervous system develops, leading to persisting impairments in verbal and nonverbal cognitive abilities as well as impairment of spatial orientation. Due to developmental processes
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function with rebound NMDA (glutamate) activity combined with excessive glucocorticoid release induced by the stress of repeated intoxication followed by acute withdrawal/abstinence is the proposed mechanism of neural kindling leading to neurotoxicity of structures involved in learning and memory
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with resultant distortion of neurotransmission. Adolescents, females and young adults are most sensitive to the neuropsychological effects of binge drinking. Adolescence, in particular early adolescence, is a developmental stage that is particularly vulnerable to the neurotoxic and neurocognitive
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The main cause of death among adolescents as a result of binge drinking is road traffic accidents; a third of all fatal road traffic accidents among 15- to 20-year-olds are associated with drinking alcohol. Cyclists and pedestrians are likely to have less spatial awareness and concentration while
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Binge drinking costs the UK economy approximately £20 billion a year; 17 million working days are estimated to be lost due to hangovers and drink-related illness each year. The cost of binge drinking to employers is estimated to be £6.4 billion and the cost per year of alcohol harm is
934:
per week or four drinks per day, and women may be at risk if they have more than seven standard drinks per week or three drinks per day. Despite this risk, a 2014 report in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that only 10% of either "heavy drinkers" or "binge drinkers" also met the
855:
For the purpose of identifying an alcohol use disorder when assessing binge drinking, using a time frame of the past 6 months eliminates false negatives. For example, it has been found that using a narrow two-week window for assessment of binge drinking habits leads to 30% of heavy regular binge
634:
and sudden death. Binge drinking increases the risk of stroke by 10 times. In countries where binge drinking is commonplace, rates of sudden death on the weekend in young adults and middle aged people increase significantly. The withdrawal phase after an episode of binge drinking is particularly
311:
Risk factors for binge drinking among adolescents include: low socioeconomic status, large amount of disposable (pocket) money, sensation and novelty seeking, low self-control, delinquency and having delinquent friends. Other risk factors include: using alcohol as a coping strategy for emotional
447:
Several studies have been conducted to discover if there is a link between binge drinking in adolescent years and becoming a chronic alcohol consumer when they transition into adulthood. A particular study conducted by the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth found that harmful drinking during
874:
Binge drinking is considered harmful, regardless of a person's age, and there have been calls for healthcare professionals to give increased attention to their patients' drinking habits, especially binge drinking. Some researchers believe that raising the legal drinking age and screening brief
727:
Binge drinking has the propensity to result in brain damage faster as well as more severely than chronic drinking (alcoholism), due to the neurotoxic effects of the repeated rebound withdrawal effects. During the repeated alcohol free stages associated with binge drinking, a larger amount of
438:
brain region, in particular those who began drinking in early adolescence. Heavy binge drinking is associated with neurocognitive deficits of frontal lobe processing and impaired working memory as well as delayed auditory and verbal memory deficits. Animal studies suggest that the
851:
An alcohol use disorder may develop when a person continues to drink heavily despite recurrent social, interpersonal, and/or legal problems. Behaviorally, frequent binge drinking is usually involved, but not everyone who engages in binge drinking develops an alcohol use disorder.
704:(overdose), which can be fatal. Choking on (or inhalation of) vomit is also a potential cause of death, as are injuries from falls, fights, motor vehicle and bicycle accidents. Nine percent of college students who binge drink drive after binge drinking. Another common risk is a
1006:
estimated to cost the National Health Service £2.7 billion. Urgent action has been recommended to understand the binge drinking culture and its aetiology and pathogenesis and urgent action has been called for to educate people with regard to the dangers of binge drinking.
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Segura-Sampedro, Juan José; Pineño-Flores, Cristina; García-Pérez, Jose María; Jiménez-Morillas, Patricia; Morales-Soriano, Rafael; González-Argente, Xavier (28 March 2017). "Balconing: An alcohol-induced craze that injures tourists. Characterization of the phenomenon".
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brain structures compared to adolescents who did not binge-drink, they argue that these findings are similar to adult alcoholics who did not abuse alcohol during adolescence. Extrapolation from animal studies to humans is notoriously difficult, and a review by the group
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Andréasson, S; Allebeck, P (2005). "Alcohol as medication is no good. More risks than benefits according to a survey of current knowledge" [Alcohol as medication is no good. More risks than benefits according to a survey of current knowledge and understanding].
189:
Stolle, Sack and Thomasius define binge drinking as episodic excessive drinking. There is currently no worldwide consensus on how many drinks constitute a "binge", but in the United States, the term has been described in academic research to mean consuming five or more
96:
since it is often done in groups. The degree of intoxication however, varies between and within various cultures that engage in this practice. A binge on alcohol can occur over hours, last up to several days, or in the event of extended abuse, even weeks. Due to the
683:
if overfilled and not emptied. This can occur in the case of binge drinkers having consumed very large quantities, but are not aware, due to stupor, of the need to urinate. This condition is very rare in women, but it does occur. Symptoms include localized pain and
1115:(or Dutch gin) was used by English soldiers for its calming effects before battle, and for its purported warming properties on the body in cold weather. Another version has it that English soldiers noted the bravery-inducing effects of jenever on Dutch soldiers.
1030:. This difference in effect occurs even when a woman's body weight and consumption of alcohol are the same as that of a man. Because of these discrepancies, college-age women tend to experience the consequences of binge drinking before their male counterparts.
939:, while only 1.3% of non-binge drinkers met these criteria. An inference drawn in this study is that evidence-based policy strategies and clinical preventive services may effectively reduce binge drinking without requiring addiction treatment in most cases.
459:
highlights the non-addictive use of alcohol for managing developmental issues, personality traits, and psychiatric symptoms, emphasizing the need for informed, harm-controlled approaches to alcohol consumption within a personalized health policy framework.
888:
lowering the age would only make the situation worse. Despite health warnings, most Australian women drink at least one night a week. But experts are warning they are not only damaging their bodies but are also at risk of attracting sexual predators.
663:. Due to these risks experts believe that it is extremely important to warn people of the risks of binge drinking. Binge-drinking by people otherwise considered to be light drinkers is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular problems and
448:
adolescent years was significantly associated with the continuance of dangerous levels of alcohol consumption into adulthood years. Binge drinking is a way for young adolescents to rely alcohol as a way to cope with certain stress or depression.
772:; neural kindling due to repeated withdrawals is believed to be the mechanism of cognitive damage in both binge drinkers and alcoholics. Neuronal kindling also leads to each subsequent acute withdrawal episode being more severe than previous
577:
release in the central nervous system, which increases neurotoxicity and may result in cognitive impairments, psychological problems and in long-term heavy binge drinkers may cause irreversible brain damage in both adolescents and adults.
922:
is recommended. The setting of goals and rules to achieve those goals is also recommended during intervention with problem binge drinking adolescents. Motivational enhancement therapy also shows promise as a treatment.
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Urban, Nina B. L.; Kegeles, Lawrence S.; Slifstein, Mark; Xu, Xiaoyan; Martinez, Diana; Sakr, Ehab; Castillo, Felipe; Moadel, Tiffany; O'Malley, Stephanie S.; Krystal, John H.; Abi-Dargham, Anissa (15 October 2010).
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Altura, BM.; Altura, BT. (October 1999). "Association of alcohol in brain injury, headaches, and stroke with brain-tissue and serum levels of ionized magnesium: a review of recent findings and mechanisms of action".
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Bowden, SC.; Crews, FT.; Bates, ME.; Fals-Stewart, W.; Ambrose, ML. (February 2001). "Neurotoxicity and neurocognitive impairments with alcohol and drug-use disorders: potential roles in addiction and recovery".
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is a word people use to describe binge drinking. binge drinking was considered to be a period of drinking that went on for several days. Usually, a person who went on a binge or a bender was an alcoholic
211:) conducted a study which gathered information of people over the age of 18, it defined binge drinkers as those who consumed six or more standard drinks on one occasion whether that be weekly or monthly.
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levels as well as adverse effects on the fetus. There is also evidence from animal studies that binge drinking causes brain damage. Binge drinking has been associated with lower abdominal pain in women.
2986:"How collegiate fraternity and sorority involvement relates to substance use during young adulthood and substance use disorders in early midlife: A National Longitudinal Study. Journal of Adolescent"
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College students have been found to be more likely to binge drink than their same age peers who were not enrolled in college. In the US, this effect has caused serious problems with the country's
2807:
732:. The tolerance that occurs during chronic ('non-stop') drinking delays alcohol-related brain damage compared to binge drinking, which induced immediate and repeated insults to the brain.
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grows up. In a 2005 study in the US, approximately one in five non-pregnant women binge-drank and one in 25 pregnant women binge-drank. Binge drinking during pregnancy is associated with
728:
glutamate is released than occurs during withdrawal from chronic alcohol abuse; additionally this extreme release of glutamate happens on a repeated basis in binge drinkers leading to
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Knight, John R; Wechsler, Henry; Kuo, Meichun; Seibring, Mark; Weitzman, Elissa R; Schuckit, Marc A (4 January 2015). "Alcohol abuse and dependence among U.S. college students".
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within the brain of binge drinkers. Frontal lobe processing may become impaired as a result of binge drinking with resultant neurocognitive deficits and impaired working memory.
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Sessarego, Stephanie N.; Siller, Laura; Edwards, Katie M. (October 2021). "Patterns of Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among Adolescents Using Latent Class Analysis".
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Khadjesari, Z; Murray, E; Hewitt, C; Hartley, S; Godfrey, C (February 2011). "Can stand-alone computer-based interventions reduce alcohol consumption? A systematic review".
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Ward RJ, Lallemand F, de Witte P (2009). "Biochemical and neurotransmitter changes implicated in alcohol-induced brain damage in chronic or 'binge drinking' alcohol abuse".
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Clark, DB.; Bukstein, O.; Cornelius, J. (2002). "Alcohol use disorders in adolescents: epidemiology, diagnosis, psychosocial interventions, and pharmacological treatment".
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Heavy binge drinkers tend to have delayed auditory and verbal memory and deficits in executive planning function and episodic memory, which are similar to deficits seen in
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Miller, B. E.; Miller, M. N.; Verhegge, R.; Linville, H. H.; Pumariega, A. J. (2002). "Alcohol misuse among college athletes: self-medication for psychiatric symptoms?".
4187:"With Support From Collaborative, Primary Care Practices Identify and Address Behavioral Health Issues, Reducing Binge Drinking, Marijuana Use, and Depression Symptoms"
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McCarty C.; Ebel B.; Garrison M.; DiGiuseppe D.; Christakis D.; Rivara F. (2004). "Continuity of Binge and Harmful Drinking From Late Adolescence to Early Adulthood".
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Other factors that have been found to correlate with higher levels of binge drinking include low religiosity, marijuana use, living with roommates, and cigarette use.
5280:"Sex Differences in Striatal Dopamine Release in Young Adults After Oral Alcohol Challenge: A Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Study With [11C]Raclopride"
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release causing a stronger association with pleasure and alcohol intoxication. "This may contribute to the initial reinforcing properties of alcohol and the risk for
739:. The findings in humans have been largely concordant with animal studies. Such animal studies find that heavy and regular binge drinking causes neurodegeneration in
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Puddey, IB.; Rakic, V.; Dimmitt, SB.; Beilin, LJ. (May 1999). "Influence of pattern of drinking on cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors—a review".
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4463:"How to stop binge drinking and speeding motorists: Effects of relational-interdependent self-construal and self-referencing on attitudes toward social marketing"
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655:. Binge drinking has negative effects on metabolism, lipid profile, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, blood pressure and vascular tone and is associated with
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seem to play a pivotal role in the falls. Over 95% of the victims were found to have high levels of alcohol in their blood, and 37% had consumed other drugs.
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to be sexually assaulted; 50% of adolescent girls reporting sexual assault were under the influence of alcohol or another psychotropic substance at the time.
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peer referral, can reduce the level of binge drinking. In the US brief motivational interventions have shown some benefit in reducing future binge drinking.
708:, which can cause shame, guilt, embarrassment, harm to personal relationships, injury or death, and is also associated with the loss of personal belongings.
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in particular the white matter. However, this research is primarily cross-sectional and done with fairly small sample sizes, making causality less certain.
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3888:: A new report says binge drinking has increased to such an extent that cases of 'exploding bladders' are on the rise in the UK." report of article in the
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The most common risk of consuming massive quantities of alcohol in a short period of time is a dangerously high blood alcohol level. The result is called
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concluded that alcohol's long-term damage to cognitive processes was the same regardless of whether heavy drinking commenced during adolescence or later.
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1959:
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692:. A person is more likely to urinate while passed out before the bladder ruptures, as alcohol relaxes the muscles that normally control their bladder.
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199:
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Webb, G.; Shakeshaft, A.; Sanson-Fisher, R.; Havard, A. (March 2009). "A systematic review of work-place interventions for alcohol-related problems".
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136:. A US-based review of literature found that up to one-third of adolescents binge-drink, with 6% reaching the threshold of having an alcohol-related
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Williams, JH.; Ross, L. (June 2007). "Consequences of prenatal toxin exposure for mental health in children and adolescents: a systematic review".
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Other causes include feeling more grown-up and fitting in with peers and to increase the chance of sexual encounters. Some also drink to alleviate
108:
Binge drinking is more common in males, during adolescence and young adulthood. Heavy regular binge drinking is associated with adverse effects on
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667:. Binge drinking increases cardiovascular toxicity due to its adverse effects on the electrical conduction system of the heart and the process of
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Acute intoxication, such as binge drinking and alcoholism, are known potent risk factors for suicide. Binge drinking is also associated with an
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3787:
van de Wiel, A.; de Lange, DW. (December 2008). "Cardiovascular risk is more related to drinking pattern than to the type of alcoholic drinks".
5241:
930:
According to the NIAAA definition of "heavy drinkers", men may be at risk for alcohol-related problems if their alcohol consumption exceeds 14
1589:
5726:
1406:
Floyd, RL.; O'Connor, MJ.; Sokol, RJ.; Bertrand, J.; Cordero, JF. (November 2005). "Recognition and prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome".
372:
are undergoing their final development phase during adolescence and binge drinking can negatively stunt the growth of these frontal lobes.
4641:"Effects of a persistent pinge drinking pattern of alcohol consumption in young people: a follow-up study using event-related potentials"
208:
3485:
1882:"The Australian national binge drinking campaign: campaign recognition among young people at a music festival who report risky drinking"
7025:
6595:
2065:
2043:
2039:
1773:
605:, alcohol-related birth defects as well as alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders. The affected children after birth may have an
195:
5355:
6577:
5927:
520:
cardiovascular disease. The study suggests that binge drinkers with a history of strong binge drinking should be screened regularly.
325:
5968:
3978:
Crews, F.; He, J.; Hodge, C. (February 2007). "Adolescent cortical development: a critical period of vulnerability for addiction".
919:
321:
3241:"Biochemical and neurotransmitter changes implicated in alcohol-induced brain damage in chronic or 'binge drinking' alcohol abuse"
2706:"Brief web-based intervention for college students with comorbid risky alcohol use and depressed mood: does it work and for whom?"
1041:
to focus on a non-judgmental stance, on personal empowerment, and on offering contraceptives to women engaging in sex, to prevent
822:. Adolescence, especially early adolescence (i.e. before age 15), is a critical and delicate developmental stage when specialised
6565:
6084:
4590:
Esser, Marissa B.; Hedden, Sarra L.; Kanny, Dafna; Brewer, Robert D.; Gfroerer, Joseph C.; Naimi, Timothy S. (20 November 2014).
4261:
2443:"Reported levels of alcohol consumption and binge drinking within the UK undergraduate student population over the last 25 years"
735:
Impairments in impulse control in binge drinkers, which is more prominent in female binge drinkers, is due to dysfunction of the
550:
circuits. Binge drinking and alcoholics who have undergone multiple detoxifications is associated with an inability to interpret
5140:"Psychological and/or educational interventions for reducing alcohol consumption in pregnant women and women planning pregnancy"
6447:
4781:
244:
play an important role in driving binge drinking. An increased risk of binge drinking in adulthood has been linked to having a
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4940:
4896:
1604:
6548:
5613:
5589:
5537:
5518:
5494:
5116:
3134:
6061:
961:
Among the Australian youth population, 31% of males and 14% of women aged 15–17 years engage in risky alcohol consumption.
232:
An alternative colloquial term for binge drinking, "going on a bender", formerly implied a drinking spree of several days.
5694:
3042:"Self-management with alcohol over lifespan: psychological mechanisms, neurobiological underpinnings, and risk assessment"
6782:
6707:
5138:
Stade, Brenda C; Bailey, Carol; Dzendoletas, Darlene; Sgro, Michael; Dowswell, Therese; Bennett, Daniel (15 April 2009).
4691:
4422:"The Use of the Internet for Prevention of Binge Drinking Among the College Population: A Systematic Review of Evidence"
2567:
6680:
6506:
6118:
5780:
4726:
4164:
3962:
779:
705:
508:
3910:"Magnitude of and Trends in Alcohol-Related Mortality and Morbidity Among U.S. College Students Ages 18–24, 1998–2005"
7065:
7045:
6805:
6488:
5547:
Tan, Andy Soon Leong (2012). "Through the Drinking Glass: an Analysis of the Cultural Meanings of College Drinking".
5279:
2207:
2109:
1052:
than women, there being a higher rate of alcohol-related hospitalizations among males than females. Researchers from
4803:
Slutske WS (1 March 2005). "ALcohol use disorders among us college students and their non–college-attending peers".
856:
drinkers wrongly being classed as not having an alcohol use disorder. However, the same researchers also note that
6499:
6295:
5719:
4398:
647:
in younger men. In individuals with an underlying cardiac disorder a binge on alcohol increases the risk of silent
145:
4117:
Babor, TF.; Aguirre-Molina, M.; Marlatt, GA.; Clayton, R. (1999). "Managing alcohol problems and risky drinking".
2007:
1678:
Foxcroft, David R.; Moreira, Maria Teresa; Almeida Santimano, Nerissa M. L.; Smith, Lesley A. (29 December 2015).
1236:
Mathurin, P.; Deltenre, P. (May 2009). "Effect of binge drinking on the liver: an alarming public health issue?".
529:
489:
or falling from height while climbing from one balcony to another, performed by foreign tourists during holidays.
6675:
6155:
6108:
4285:"The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Mortality: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from the Minimum Drinking Age"
1282:
Standridge, JB.; Zylstra, RG.; Adams, SM. (July 2004). "Alcohol consumption: an overview of benefits and risks".
1042:
1033:
There is no known safe level of alcohol consumption either when trying to get pregnant or during pregnancy. With
769:
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533:
92:
Binge drinking is a style of drinking that is popular in several countries worldwide, and overlaps somewhat with
151:
Frequent binge drinking can lead to brain damage faster and more severe than chronic drinking (alcoholism). The
6320:
6138:
5942:
4241:
1000:
948:
2804:
2531:
Mihai, B; Lăcătuşu, C; Graur, M (April–June 2008). "Alcoholic ketoacidosis" [Alcoholic ketoacidosis].
1982:
1749:
1127:
897:
reducing binge drinking among college students, although internet-based interventions may also be beneficial.
5840:
4485:
2915:
Mathurin P.; Deltenre P. (2009). "Effect of binge drinking on the liver: an alarming public health issue?".
2704:
Geisner, Irene M.; Varvil-Weld, Lindsey; Mittmann, Angela J.; Mallett, Kimberly; Turrisi, Rob (March 2015).
6761:
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6516:
5990:
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The balconies have a median height of 8 metres (26 ft), and the people have a median age of 24 years.
98:
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1139:
391:
222:
3332:
1830:"Review. Cognitive and emotional consequences of binge drinking: role of amygdala and prefrontal cortex"
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6712:
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5855:
4212:
955:
2823:
Schwandt, M.L.; S.G. Lindell; S. Chen; J.D. Higley; S.J. Suomi; M. Heilig; C.S. Barr (February 2010).
763:. A study in rats found that a heavy two-day drinking binge caused extensive neurodegeneration in the
7134:
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6536:
6425:
5978:
5887:
5830:
5698:
2588:
Brody, J.E. (9 September 2008). Curbing binge drinking takes group effort. The New York Times, pp. 7.
644:
381:
5252:
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1420:
618:. Binge drinking three or more times during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of
6999:
5675:
5242:"Trends in alcohol-related morbidity among community hospital discharges, United States, 2000–2014"
3621:"The relation between alcohol and cardiovascular disease in Eastern Europe: explaining the paradox"
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514:
215:
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351:
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Dooldeniya, MD; Khafagy, R; Mashaly, H; Browning, AJ; Sundaram, SK; Biyani, CS (November 2007).
1517:
Excessive episodic consumption of alcohol is usually referred to these days as 'binge drinking.'
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6379:
6170:
6143:
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4995:"A discrepancy of definitions: Binge drinking and female students at an Australian university"
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6000:
5995:
5899:
5861:
5754:
3455:
3336:
2035:
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Kuntsche, E.; Rehm, J.; Gmel, G. (July 2004). "Characteristics of binge drinkers in Europe".
660:
583:
2600:"Genetic and environmental influences on the development of alcoholism: resilience vs. risk"
2073:
1479:"Binge drinking in childhood and adolescence: epidemiology, consequences, and interventions"
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increased rapidly in Great Britain, especially in London. By 1743, England was drinking 2.2
688:(poisoning due to reabsorbed waste). The recovery rate is high, with most fatalities due to
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6722:
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5882:
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2104:. Essential Issues Set. Vol. 3. ABDO Publishing Company (published 2011). p. 22.
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adverse effects of binge drinking due to it being a time of significant brain development.
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335:
297:
269:
245:
133:
78:
6685:
3885:
3703:
Biyik, I.; Ergene, O. (January–February 2007). "Alcohol and acute myocardial infarction".
1037:
remaining highly stigmatized—particularly in the case of pregnant women—some advocate for
434:
Adolescents who regularly participated in binge drinking for several years show a smaller
8:
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6670:
6655:
6605:
6310:
6300:
6079:
6009:
5797:
5664:
5381:
4023:"Adolescent ethanol exposure: does it produce long-lasting electrophysiological effects?"
3166:
1790:
Dejong W (December 2001). "Finding common ground for effective campus-based prevention".
1053:
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973:
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880:
191:
102:
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and restructuring of the synapses, adolescents are thought to be more vulnerable to the
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Experts and governments have warned and discouraged a few alcoholic beverages including
218:
defines binge drinking as more than six units of alcohol in one sitting for both sexes.
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6645:
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6600:
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6366:
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5580:
Talking with College Students About Alcohol: Motivational Strategies for Reducing Abuse
5578:
5564:
5504:
5312:
5217:
5183:
Kanny, Dafna; Naimi, Timothy S.; Liu, Yong; Lu, Hua; Brewer, Robert D. (1 April 2018).
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3162:"Espagne: Aux Baléares le 'balconing' fait de nouveau des victimes parmi les touristes"
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1307:
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1038:
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74:
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300:) among adolescents reported a significantly higher proportion of teenagers endorsing
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2187:
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1974:
1913:
1859:
1807:
1727:
1709:
1660:
1605:"New study shows that binge drinking – even once – can do serious harm to your brain"
1559:
1508:
1433:
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1342:
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876:
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49:
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which are released and overstimulate the brain as a binge finishes. This results in
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6389:
6272:
6239:
6229:
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5307:
5295:
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5155:
5151:
5147:
5108:
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5072:
5059:
Wechsler, Henry; Dowdall, George W.; Davenport, Andrea; Rimm, Eric B. (July 1995).
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4859:
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4755:
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4611:
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3712:
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3252:
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3005:
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2924:
2881:
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2413:
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2301:
2220:
2177:
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1940:
1903:
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1155:
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668:
636:
359:
117:
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brain regions areas that are involved in learning and spatial memory, such as the
7070:
6751:
6736:
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6217:
6091:
5680:
5560:
5200:
4971:
4245:
4219:
3831:
3512:
3103:
2811:
2721:
2097:
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1090:
954:
nearly twice as likely to binge drink than blacks. It is a common pattern among
799:
773:
748:
720:
680:
331:
194:(male), or four or more drinks (female), over a two-hour period. In 2015, the US
168:
140:. Approximately one in 25 women binge-drinks during pregnancy, which can lead to
129:
93:
2958:
2666:
2533:
Revista Medico-chirurgicală̆ A Societă̆ţ̜ii de Medici ş̧i Naturaliş̧ti Din Iaş̧i
2499:
1680:"Social norms information for alcohol misuse in university and college students"
7085:
6895:
6875:
6837:
6702:
6113:
6103:
5911:
5877:
5743:
5599:
5389:
4558:
3921:
3764:
3747:
3716:
3198:
3181:
Goslawski M.; Piano M.; Bian J.T.; Church E.; Szczurek M.; Phillips S. (2013).
3057:
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964:
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803:
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729:
656:
493:
355:
347:
293:
160:
82:
4816:
4768:
4697:
4130:
3991:
3499:
Cook, LJ. (June 2004). "Educating women about the hidden dangers of alcohol".
3424:
3297:
2459:
2442:
1944:
1646:
1494:
664:
251:
The reasons for binge drinking by children and adolescents in Europe include:
7118:
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6845:
6741:
6330:
6262:
6212:
6207:
6192:
6187:
6165:
6074:
6041:
5906:
5775:
5303:
5208:
5010:
4824:
3379:
3364:"Why animal studies are often poor predictors of human reactions to exposure"
3111:
2885:
2774:
2729:
2674:
2232:
2224:
1898:
1713:
1099:
1080:
1065:
1034:
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808:
760:
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is the name given in Spain to the act of jumping into a swimming pool from a
411:
281:
241:
5654:
4660:
4438:
4421:
3257:
3240:
2928:
2623:
1555:
1249:
33:
7020:
7010:
6800:
6096:
5321:
5226:
5169:
4979:
4832:
4777:
4669:
4625:
4566:
4531:
4447:
4420:
Bhochhibhoya, Amir; Hayes, Logan; Branscum, Paul; Taylor, Laurette (2015).
4384:
4318:
4160:
4138:
4103:
4056:
3999:
3939:
3894:
3849:
3800:
3773:
3724:
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3561:
3520:
3481:
3432:
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3315:
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3216:
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2936:
2893:
2858:
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http://search.informit.com.au.ipacez.nd.edu.au/fullText;dn=146966;res=AEIPT
2782:
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2682:
2631:
2544:
2517:
2468:
2427:
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2313:
2240:
2191:
1978:
1917:
1863:
1845:
1811:
1731:
1664:
1563:
1512:
1437:
1381:
1346:
1303:
1257:
1219:
1122:
was a period in the first half of the 18th century when the consumption of
798:
Alcohol suppresses brain function during intoxication; but upon withdrawal
782:, a form of amnesia that occurs in binge drinkers may be due to suppressed
736:
399:
368:
176:
5094:
5076:
4881:
4863:
4461:
Martin Brett A. S.; Lee Christina K.C.; Weeks Clinton; Kaya Maria (2013).
3636:
6951:
6946:
6817:
6697:
6587:
6480:
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5802:
4607:
2871:
857:
818:
Age and genetic factors influence the risk of developing alcohol-related
783:
615:
570:
435:
386:
339:
304:
and engagement in binge drinking among those subjected to victimization.
172:
121:
5637:
4300:
2329:"Recent alcohol intake and suicidality—a neuropsychological perspective"
562:
Binge drinking regimes are associated with causing an imbalance between
7080:
6912:
6860:
6660:
6633:
6543:
6325:
6305:
6234:
5817:
5807:
3748:"Alcohol and cardiovascular health: the razor-sharp double-edged sword"
2347:
812:
689:
619:
574:
567:
563:
289:
152:
109:
58:
54:
4362:
3180:
2822:
1704:
1154:, a popular pastime that was regarded as one of the primary causes of
802:
occur in the glutamate/NMDA system and with excess glutamate activity
7015:
6922:
6756:
6555:
6521:
6374:
6345:
6315:
6247:
6202:
6175:
6023:
5958:
5792:
5787:
5704:
4592:"Prevalence of Alcohol Dependence Among US Adult Drinkers, 2009–2011"
3908:
Hingson, Ralph W; Zha, Wenxing; Weitzman, Elissa R (9 January 2015).
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5061:"A gender-specific measure of binge drinking among college students"
4955:
4759:
4481:
2599:
418:
179:
occurs which can potentially reverse the damage from alcohol abuse.
6615:
6279:
5025:
4714:
A Poison Stronger than Love: The Destruction of an Ojibwa Community
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1745:
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6777:
6335:
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4509:
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2703:
1780:
CDC.gov, last updated 16 October 2015; URL accessed 17 March 2017
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827:
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631:
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395:
273:
164:
113:
4845:
3955:
The Alcohol Blackout – Walking, Talking, Unconscious, and Lethal
3456:"Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome. A summary"
2825:"Alcohol response and consumption in adolescent rhesus macaques"
2481:
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found the discrepancy could be due to the fact men release more
132:
organ systems as well as increasing the risk of alcohol induced
5649:
5046:
4696:(Thesis). SOUTHERN CONNECTICUT STATE UNIVERSITY. Archived from
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Dawson, Deborah; Li, Ting-Kai; Grant, Bridget F. (1 May 2008).
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The Science of Drinking: How Alcohol Affects Your Body and Mind
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Dying to Drink: Confronting Binge Drinking on College Campuses
4933:"CDC Features – Excessive Drinking Costs U.S. $ 223.5 Billion"
3816:"Binge Drinking Intensity : A Comparison of Two Measures"
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Charles, Janice; Valenti, Lisa; Miller, Greame (August 2011).
1405:
7075:
6983:
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Wechsler, H; Dowdall, G W; Davenport, A; Castillo, S (1995).
2984:
McCabe, S. E; Veliz, Philip; Schulenberg, John (March 2018).
1183:
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5058:
3865:"Lucy Atkins on binge-drinking induced 'exploding bladders'"
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Ward, RJ.; Lallemand, F.; de Witte, P. (March–April 2009).
3039:
2036:"Alcohol & Public Health: Fact Sheets – Binge Drinking"
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Binge Drinking and Youth Culture: Alternative Perspectives
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4189:. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 8 May 2013.
3183:"Binge Drinking Impairs Vascular Function in Young Adults"
2963:
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
5185:"Annual Total Binge Drinks Consumed by U.S. Adults, 2015"
5042:
2760:
2394:"A Prospective Study of Risk Drinking: At risk for what?"
1147:
1123:
422:
A young man lying comatose after a binge drinking session
6512:
Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States
4744:"Booze barns: fuelling hazardous drinking in Australia?"
4161:"Research about Alcohol and College Drinking Prevention"
3667:
3327:
3325:
1146:. c. 40) which was enacted to reduce the consumption of
554:
properly; this is believed to be due to kindling of the
5276:
3746:
O'Keefe, JH.; Bybee, KA.; Lavie, CJ. (September 2007).
4589:
2983:
2914:
2204:
1359:
1281:
1170:- U.S. Air Force program for binge drinking prevention
1048:
However, men are almost twice as likely to partake in
988:. This effect is more prevalent in women than in men.
860:
is somewhat enhanced when longer timeframes are used.
402:(pictured), that often makes young people binge drink.
4710:
4213:"Bid to reconsider drinking age taps unlikely source"
3745:
3322:
3238:
1531:
1064:
during alcohol consumption than women. The increased
410:
Other risk factors that influence the development of
5765:
Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States
5627:
5527:
4638:
2484:"Lower abdominal pain in women after binge drinking"
1957:
6436:
List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita
5356:"What is the origin of the phrase 'Dutch Courage'?"
3914:
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, Supplement
3786:
3536:"Maternal binge drinking and fetal neuronal damage"
3282:"Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction"
3132:
2326:
1631:"Impulsivity, frontal lobes and risk for addiction"
1582:"Teen Drinking May Cause Irreversible Brain Damage"
1476:
5577:
5530:Binge Drinking in Adolescents and College Students
5466:National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
5249:National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
4717:(trade paperback). Yale University Press. p.
4088:
3907:
2530:
2327:O'Connell, H; Lawlor, BA (October–December 2005).
1097:The popular story dates the etymology of the term
375:
227:National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
200:National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
101:abuse, binge drinking is considered to be a major
6441:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
5846:Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism
5598:
1477:Stolle, M.; Sack, PM.; Thomasius, R. (May 2009).
1277:
1275:
7116:
5115:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
3780:
3739:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
1823:
1821:
1579:
1324:
1235:
1011:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
6823:Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility
5503:
5182:
4282:
2488:British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)
2475:
1231:
1229:
1026:more quickly than men, and experience a higher
610:neurotoxicity induced by alcohol may be due to
332:increased risk of unplanned and unprotected sex
171:, from which damage was still detectable by an
4848:"Correlates of college student binge drinking"
3333:"Alcohol, Adolescents, and Adults (citations)"
3279:
2320:
2286:
2284:
2155:
1628:
1527:
1525:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1272:
85:over a short period of time, but definitions (
5720:
5347:
4897:"Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for England"
3404:
3280:Crews, FT.; Boettiger, CA. (September 2009).
3187:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
3153:
2816:
2391:
2132:
1818:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1201:
1199:
6385:International Women's Collaboration Brew Day
5487:College Drinking: Reframing a Social Problem
4538:
4289:American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
4020:
3977:
3618:
3612:
3582:
3410:
1827:
1783:
1622:
1401:
1399:
1318:
1226:
1134:(commonly known as the Gin Act 1751) was an
1130:(10 litres) of gin per person per year. The
968:Binge drinking can prompt police action for
175:five weeks later. With prolonged abstinence
5575:
4082:
4014:
3702:
3661:
3576:
2795:Mogensen, K. (2005). I don't like Mondays.
2281:
1684:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1602:
1522:
530:Alcohol withdrawal syndrome § Kindling
209:Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health
7026:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933
6596:List of countries with alcohol prohibition
5727:
5713:
5113:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
5109:"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs)"
4802:
4639:López-Caneda Eduardo; et al. (2013).
4283:Carpenter, C.; Dobkin, C. (January 2009).
4021:Ehlers, CL.; Criado, JR. (February 2010).
3971:
3453:
3273:
3082:
2591:
2156:Courtney, KE.; Polich, J. (January 2009).
2040:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2030:
2028:
1879:
1603:Heingartner, Douglas (25 September 2020).
1444:
1196:
196:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
32:
5928:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption
5576:Walters, Scott T.; Baer, John S. (2006).
5311:
5216:
5159:
5084:
4871:
4767:
4659:
4615:
4583:
4503:
4437:
4308:
4046:
3929:
3839:
3763:
3644:
3551:
3527:
3492:
3471:
3387:
3305:
3256:
3206:
3159:
3065:
3009:
2848:
2737:
2507:
2458:
2417:
2181:
1907:
1897:
1853:
1721:
1703:
1654:
1629:Crews FT, Boettiger CA (September 2009).
1575:
1573:
1545:
1502:
1419:
1396:
1353:
523:
326:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption
155:insults are due to very large amounts of
5442:Gin Act – Britannica Online Encyclopedia
5373:
4992:
4580:department. BMC Emergency Medicine, 2014
4334:"Young Women in Binge Drinking Epidemic"
4069:
3447:
3368:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3133:Marta Torres Molina (17 February 2015).
2376:
2198:
1828:Stephens, DN.; Duka, T. (October 2008).
1789:
1107:(1652–1674) and perhaps as early as the
1079:
963:
789:
715:
502:
473:
417:
385:
322:Long-term effects of alcohol consumption
6566:Legal drinking age in the United States
5484:
5239:
5189:American Journal of Preventive Medicine
5144:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4960:American Journal of Preventive Medicine
4711:Anestasia M. Shkilnyk (11 March 1985).
4544:
3952:
3820:American Journal of Preventive Medicine
3361:
2025:
1930:
1206:Renaud, SC. (2001). "Diet and stroke".
807:occurring during adolescence including
630:Binge drinking is also associated with
221:Other, less common definitions rely on
7117:
5734:
4689:
4409:from the original on 19 February 2014.
4110:
3886:"If you thought a hangover was bad ...
3862:
3696:
2524:
2381:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
2261:
2096:Watson, Stephanie (1 September 2011).
2095:
1570:
1205:
994:
248:of B or lower and to being unmarried.
6549:List of dry communities by U.S. state
5708:
5353:
4953:
4748:Health Promotion Journal of Australia
4741:
4331:
4072:"Terminology surrounding alcohol use"
3813:
3343:from the original on 22 February 2014
3223:
2597:
2434:
1875:
1873:
1752:from the original on 27 February 2010
1592:from the original on 20 October 2017.
1111:(1618–1648). One version states that
6062:List of methanol poisoning incidents
5695:Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004
5328:
4904:Cabinet Office of the United Kingdom
4894:
4193:from the original on 25 January 2016
3533:
3498:
2440:
1580:Michelle Trudeau (25 January 2010).
1103:to English soldiers fighting in the
6783:Alcohol consumption recommendations
6708:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day
5546:
5240:CM, Chen; Young, Y (January 2017).
4704:
3875:from the original on 12 March 2016.
3619:Britton, A.; McKee, M. (May 2000).
2058:
492:Intoxication and recklessness with
163:, a process which damages or kills
13:
6507:Alcohol packaging warning messages
6119:Alcohol use among college students
5781:Drunk driving in the United States
5379:
4943:from the original on 17 July 2017.
4693:Binge drinking in college students
4545:Michaud, PA. (February 2007). "".
4167:from the original on 10 March 2010
3682:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.9456493.x
3488:from the original on 12 June 2010.
3160:Planchard, Claire (21 July 2018).
2306:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02215.x
1870:
1834:Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
1748:. hsph.harvard.edu. 25 June 2004.
1430:10.1097/01.AOG.0000181822.91205.6f
1017:
920:long-term consequences of drinking
711:
706:blackout (alcohol-related amnesia)
509:Alcohol and cardiovascular disease
14:
7146:
7066:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
7046:Index of alcohol-related articles
6489:Administrative License Suspension
5623:
5119:from the original on 28 June 2015
5065:American Journal of Public Health
4852:American Journal of Public Health
4690:Davies, Pamela (1 January 2013).
4163:. Collegedrinkingprevention.gov.
3863:Atkins, Lucy (20 November 2007).
3501:J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv
2557:
2208:Journal of Interpersonal Violence
674:
315:
7099:
7098:
6500:Alcoholic beverage control state
6296:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate
5435:
5403:
5270:
5233:
5176:
5131:
5101:
5052:
5032:
4524:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02472.x
4377:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03214.x
4264:from the original on 14 May 2013
4238:http://www.amethystintiative.org
3957:. Mnemosyne Press. p. 221.
3002:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.029
2441:Gill, Jan S (March–April 2002).
2410:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.12.007
2336:Irish Journal of Medical Science
2046:from the original on 12 May 2013
1374:10.2165/00128072-200204080-00002
1296:10.1097/00007611-200407000-00012
695:
204:Psychology of Addictive Behavior
146:fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
86:
18:Form of excessive alcohol intake
6109:Alcohol in association football
5532:. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science.
5458:"College Students and Drinking"
4986:
4954:Naimi, Timothy (October 2009).
4947:
4925:
4888:
4839:
4796:
4735:
4683:
4632:
4573:
4454:
4413:
4391:
4356:
4344:from the original on 7 May 2016
4325:
4276:
4250:
4231:
4205:
4179:
4153:
4063:
3946:
3901:
3879:
3856:
3807:
3454:May, PA.; Gossage, JP. (2001).
3355:
3174:
3126:
3033:
2977:
2951:
2908:
2865:
2789:
2754:
2697:
2646:
2582:
2551:
2385:
2370:
2255:
2098:"The History of Binge Drinking"
2088:
2000:
1951:
1924:
1764:
1738:
1671:
1596:
1339:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.10.009
1043:fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
942:
625:
596:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
534:Kindling (substance withdrawal)
376:Adolescence and young adulthood
284:and perpetration (specifically
261:I feel happy/relaxed (51% each)
41:An early 20th-century postcard
6321:List of deaths through alcohol
6139:Epidemiology of binge drinking
5943:Subjective response to alcohol
5354:Byrne, Eugene (26 July 2013).
5296:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.005
5152:10.1002/14651858.cd004228.pub2
4956:"Driving After Binge Drinking"
4805:Archives of General Psychiatry
4070:Gittings, D. (November 2019).
3553:10.1113/expphysiol.2007.038448
3135:"Un 'balconing': 30.000 euros"
2560:"Talking about binge drinking"
1696:10.1002/14651858.CD006748.pub4
1588:. USA: National Public Radio.
1001:List of deaths through alcohol
949:Epidemiology of binge drinking
182:
77:with an intention of becoming
1:
6806:Sweat alcohol content monitor
5841:Alcoholism in rural Australia
5602:; Wuethrich, Bernice (2002).
5450:
4895:Unit, Strategy (March 2004).
4470:Journal of Consumer Behaviour
4332:White, Alex (27 March 2013).
4039:10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.09.033
3598:10.1016/S0741-8329(99)00025-7
2841:10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.09.034
2763:Journal of Studies on Alcohol
1933:Journal of Consumer Marketing
1880:van Gemert, Caroline (2011).
863:
6729:Adult Children of Alcoholics
6517:Drunk driving law by country
5933:Long-term effects of alcohol
5851:Disease theory of alcoholism
5836:Alcoholism in family systems
5826:Alcohol and Native Americans
5584:. New York: Guilford Press.
5561:10.1080/13676261.2011.630997
5201:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.12.021
4993:Murugiah, Sera (June 2012).
4972:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.06.013
3832:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.03.001
3814:Esser, Melissa (June 2012).
3625:J Epidemiol Community Health
3534:Wood, CE. (September 2007).
3513:10.3928/02793695-20040601-09
3413:Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry
3362:Bracken, Michael B. (2009).
3104:10.1016/j.injury.2017.03.037
2722:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.030
2598:Enoch, MA. (December 2006).
2072:. March 2005. Archived from
1771:Fact Sheets – Binge Drinking
908:
891:
846:
589:
463:
392:caffeinated alcoholic drinks
99:long term effects of alcohol
7:
6456:International whisk(e)y day
5770:Driving under the influence
5489:. Westport, Conn: Praeger.
5485:Dowdall, George W. (2009).
5468:. July 1995. Archived from
2803:(1), 28–31. Retrieved from
2667:10.2190/JDFM-AVAK-G9FV-0MYY
2535:(in Romanian and English).
2500:10.1136/bmj.39247.454005.BE
2398:Drug and Alcohol Dependence
2070:British Medical Association
1161:
1140:Parliament of Great Britain
883:asserted that lowering the
223:blood alcohol concentration
10:
7151:
6972:Christian views on alcohol
6578:List of alcohol laws of US
5856:High-functioning alcoholic
5507:; Smyth, Caroline (2004).
4596:Preventing Chronic Disease
4559:10.1024/0040-5930.64.2.121
4094:(in Swedish and English).
3922:10.15288/jsads.2009.s16.12
3765:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.04.089
3717:10.1177/147323000703500104
3199:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.03.049
3058:10.1038/s41380-023-02074-3
2377:Dasgupta, Amitava (2011).
1804:10.1037/0893-164x.15.4.292
1075:
998:
946:
867:
593:
527:
512:
506:
467:
379:
319:
264:I forget my problems (41%)
258:I feel more sociable (65%)
7094:
7038:
6992:
6962:
6886:
6871:Alcoholic spirits measure
6856:Low-alcoholic malt drinks
6770:
6614:
6586:
6537:Ignition interlock device
6479:
6470:
6426:Drunken monkey hypothesis
6359:
6288:
6259:Routes of administration
6040:
5951:
5920:
5888:Alcohol congener analysis
5870:
5831:Alcoholism in adolescence
5816:
5753:
5742:
5631:
5337:Oxford English Dictionary
4817:10.1001/archpsyc.62.3.321
4260:. Choose Responsibility.
4131:10.4278/0890-1171-14.2.98
3992:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.12.001
3425:10.1007/s00787-006-0596-6
3298:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.04.018
2655:Journal of Drug Education
1945:10.1108/07363761111127644
1647:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.04.018
1635:Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav
1495:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0323
645:intracerebral haemorrhage
478:Hotel Rocamar in Mallorca
382:Alcoholism in adolescence
280:focused on mechanisms of
235:
48:
40:
31:
26:
5549:Journal of Youth Studies
5513:. Dublin: Liffey Press.
4218:25 December 2017 at the
3892:(BMJ) by Lucy Atkins in
3380:10.1258/jrsm.2008.08k033
2886:10.1542/peds.2003-0864-L
2775:10.15288/jsa.2002.63.263
2225:10.1177/0886260519862272
1899:10.1186/1471-2458-11-482
1189:
1132:Sale of Spirits Act 1750
641:subarachnoid haemorrhage
515:Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
225:(BAC). For example, the
81:by heavy consumption of
7051:Alcohol and spaceflight
6793:Alcohol server training
6666:Managed alcohol program
6244:Binge drinking devices
5938:Pharmacology of ethanol
5608:. Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale.
5341:Oxford University Press
4999:Youth Studies Australia
4244:1 November 2012 at the
4225:The Wall Street Journal
3980:Pharmacol Biochem Behav
3953:Sweeney, Donal (2004).
3890:British Medical Journal
3286:Pharmacol Biochem Behav
2929:10.1136/gut.2007.145573
2810:5 December 2022 at the
2624:10.1196/annals.1376.019
2564:Counselling in Practice
2460:10.1093/alcalc/37.2.109
1746:"College Alcohol Study"
1250:10.1136/gut.2007.145573
607:intellectual impairment
352:ischaemic heart disease
71:heavy episodic drinking
6656:Alcohol rehabilitation
6624:Alcohol detoxification
6527:Field sobriety testing
6412:Health effects of wine
6380:International Beer Day
6144:Holiday heart syndrome
4648:Alcohol and Alcoholism
4426:Alcohol and Alcoholism
2447:Alcohol and Alcoholism
1846:10.1098/rstb.2008.0097
1179:Holiday heart syndrome
1094:
977:
795:
759:, and the hippocampal
724:
690:septic blood poisoning
603:fetal alcohol syndrome
524:Central nervous system
479:
423:
403:
278:interpersonal violence
142:fetal alcohol syndrome
138:substance use disorder
6908:Disulfiram-like drugs
6448:Ritual use of alcohol
6417:Wine and food pairing
6402:Apéritif and digestif
6053:Adulterated moonshine
5900:Blood alcohol content
5862:Seeing pink elephants
5284:Biological Psychiatry
5077:10.2105/AJPH.85.7.982
4864:10.2105/ajph.85.7.921
4742:Howat, Peter (2013).
4661:10.1093/alcalc/agt046
4439:10.1093/alcalc/agv047
4240:Amethyst Intitative
3637:10.1136/jech.54.5.328
3337:Choose Responsibility
3258:10.1093/alcalc/agn100
2008:"Alcohol and smoking"
1556:10.1093/alcalc/agn100
1083:
967:
868:Further information:
793:
719:
661:myocardial infarction
584:Choose Responsibility
503:Cardiovascular system
477:
421:
389:
336:unplanned pregnancies
255:It's really fun (76%)
134:psychiatric disorders
89:) vary considerably.
6977:Alcohol in the Bible
6964:Religion and alcohol
6930:General anaesthetics
6723:Alcoholics Anonymous
6681:List of mixed drinks
6134:Alcohol intoxication
6049:Adulterated alcohol
5472:on 28 September 2021
5411:"History of Alcohol"
4608:10.5888/pcd11.140329
3046:Molecular Psychiatry
2294:Alcohol Clin Exp Res
2262:Davies, Sue (2005).
1792:Psychol Addict Behav
974:disturbing the peace
840:this related article
815:effects of alcohol.
649:myocardial ischaemia
540:Korsakoff's syndrome
364:reproductive hormone
298:teen dating violence
270:psychological stress
7056:Gateway drug effect
6842:Low-alcohol drinks
6671:Non-alcoholic drink
6606:Temperance movement
6588:Alcohol prohibition
6311:Gilbert Paul Jordan
6301:Dionysian Mysteries
6085:on college campuses
6080:Alcohol advertising
5798:Public intoxication
5505:MacLachlan, Malcolm
4913:on 18 November 2017
4906:: 9. Archived from
4679:on 1 February 2014.
4301:10.1257/app.1.1.164
2965:. 14 September 2011
2959:"Underage Drinking"
2797:Australian Educator
2710:Addictive Behaviors
2616:2006NYASA1094..193E
2042:. 7 November 2012.
1776:12 May 2013 at the
1414:(5 Pt 1): 1059–64.
1208:J Nutr Health Aging
1028:blood alcohol level
995:Society and culture
970:public intoxication
881:Amethyst Initiative
879:calling itself the
794:A drunken man, 1804
681:bladder may rupture
246:grade point average
240:Culture as well as
103:public health issue
75:alcoholic beverages
7130:Alcohol and health
6888:Addiction medicine
6831:Get Your Sexy Back
6771:Alcohol limitation
6747:Sober living house
6713:Twelve-step groups
6646:Brief intervention
6639:Open-container law
6601:Neo-prohibitionism
6561:Legal drinking age
6367:Alcoholic beverage
6268:Alcohol inhalation
6183:Drinking in public
6161:Blackout Wednesday
6019:Beverage-specific
5736:Alcohol and health
4784:on 5 December 2022
4769:20.500.11937/19781
4119:Am J Health Promot
4076:Some Like It Sober
3460:Alcohol Res Health
2570:on 5 December 2022
2348:10.1007/BF03168983
1988:on 5 December 2019
1095:
1050:excessive drinking
1039:treatment programs
986:legal drinking age
978:
937:alcohol dependence
885:legal drinking age
877:college presidents
796:
725:
552:facial expressions
480:
424:
404:
7112:
7111:
7034:
7033:
6984:Islam and alcohol
6918:Calcium carbimide
6788:Alcohol education
6676:List of cocktails
6651:Designated driver
6629:Alcohol-free zone
6532:Hip flask defence
6466:
6465:
6407:Hangover remedies
6351:Whiskey Rebellion
6341:Six o'clock swill
6129:Austrian syndrome
6068:Surrogate alcohol
6058:Denatured alcohol
6030:Red wine headache
5690:
5689:
5615:978-1-57954-583-3
5591:978-1-59385-222-1
5539:978-1-60692-037-4
5520:978-1-904148-42-5
5496:978-0-275-99981-0
5423:on 21 August 2013
5258:on 14 August 2022
5041:: This refers to
4700:on 28 April 2016.
4399:"Featured review"
4338:Sunday Herald Sun
3752:J Am Coll Cardiol
2990:Adolescent Health
2217:SAGE Publications
1886:BMC Public Health
1840:(1507): 3169–79.
1483:Dtsch Ärztebl Int
1152:distilled spirits
1109:Thirty Years' War
870:Alcohol education
765:entorhinal cortex
757:entorhinal cortex
753:perirhinal cortex
702:alcohol poisoning
546:–subcortical and
457:systematic review
441:neurodegenerative
362:activity, female
64:
63:
43:New Year hangover
21:Medical condition
7142:
7135:Drinking culture
7102:
7101:
6901:Chlordiazepoxide
6851:Low-alcohol beer
6495:Alcohol monopoly
6477:
6476:
6397:Drinking culture
6390:Women in brewing
6273:Vodka eyeballing
6240:Passive drinking
5751:
5750:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5706:
5705:
5629:
5628:
5619:
5595:
5583:
5572:
5543:
5524:
5500:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5444:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5422:
5416:. Archived from
5415:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5339:(2nd ed.).
5332:
5326:
5325:
5315:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5257:
5251:. Archived from
5246:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5220:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5163:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5088:
5056:
5050:
5036:
5030:
5029:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4939:. 13 July 2018.
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4912:
4901:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4875:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4780:. Archived from
4771:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4672:. Archived from
4663:
4645:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4619:
4587:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4491:on 27 April 2015
4490:
4484:. Archived from
4467:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4441:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4312:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4258:"Binge Drinking"
4254:
4248:
4235:
4229:
4228:, 21 August 2008
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4018:
4012:
4011:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3933:
3905:
3899:
3898:20 November 2007
3883:
3877:
3876:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3843:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3767:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3648:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3555:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3475:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3309:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3236:
3221:
3220:
3210:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3098:(7): 1371–1375.
3086:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3052:(7): 2683–2696.
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3013:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2852:
2820:
2814:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2604:Ann N Y Acad Sci
2595:
2589:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2566:. Archived from
2555:
2549:
2548:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2462:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2264:"Binge drinking"
2259:
2253:
2252:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2185:
2174:10.1037/a0014414
2153:
2130:
2129:
2120:
2118:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2066:"Binge drinking"
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1981:. Archived from
1964:
1960:"Binge Drinking"
1955:
1949:
1948:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1825:
1816:
1815:
1787:
1781:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1725:
1707:
1690:(12): CD006748.
1675:
1669:
1668:
1658:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1549:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1506:
1473:
1442:
1441:
1423:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1279:
1270:
1269:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1203:
1105:Anglo-Dutch Wars
956:Native Americans
669:atherothrombosis
637:ischaemic stroke
635:associated with
360:white blood cell
118:gastrointestinal
36:
24:
23:
7150:
7149:
7145:
7144:
7143:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7090:
7071:Self-medication
7030:
6988:
6958:
6896:Benzodiazepines
6882:
6766:
6752:Sobering center
6737:Sober companion
6718:Al-Anon/Alateen
6610:
6582:
6472:
6462:
6355:
6284:
6224:In vino veritas
6218:Hair of the dog
6036:
5952:Adverse effects
5947:
5916:
5866:
5812:
5756:
5755:Alcohol-related
5746:
5738:
5733:
5691:
5686:
5685:
5640:
5626:
5616:
5600:Wechsler, Henry
5592:
5540:
5521:
5497:
5475:
5473:
5456:
5453:
5448:
5447:
5440:
5436:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5413:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5394:
5392:
5382:"Dutch courage"
5378:
5374:
5364:
5362:
5352:
5348:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5275:
5271:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5244:
5238:
5234:
5181:
5177:
5146:(2): CD004228.
5136:
5132:
5122:
5120:
5107:
5106:
5102:
5057:
5053:
5047:gender identity
5037:
5033:
4991:
4987:
4952:
4948:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4899:
4893:
4889:
4844:
4840:
4801:
4797:
4787:
4785:
4760:10.1071/he13068
4740:
4736:
4729:
4709:
4705:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4643:
4637:
4633:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4574:
4543:
4539:
4508:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4482:10.1002/cb.1417
4465:
4459:
4455:
4418:
4414:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4361:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4330:
4326:
4281:
4277:
4267:
4265:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4246:Wayback Machine
4236:
4232:
4220:Wayback Machine
4210:
4206:
4196:
4194:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4115:
4111:
4087:
4083:
4068:
4064:
4019:
4015:
3976:
3972:
3965:
3951:
3947:
3906:
3902:
3884:
3880:
3861:
3857:
3812:
3808:
3785:
3781:
3758:(11): 1009–14.
3744:
3740:
3701:
3697:
3666:
3662:
3617:
3613:
3581:
3577:
3532:
3528:
3497:
3493:
3452:
3448:
3409:
3405:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3278:
3274:
3245:Alcohol Alcohol
3237:
3224:
3179:
3175:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3139:Diario de Ibiza
3131:
3127:
3087:
3083:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2913:
2909:
2870:
2866:
2821:
2817:
2812:Wayback Machine
2794:
2790:
2759:
2755:
2702:
2698:
2651:
2647:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2556:
2552:
2529:
2525:
2494:(7627): 992–3.
2480:
2476:
2439:
2435:
2390:
2386:
2375:
2371:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2289:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2268:Research Digest
2260:
2256:
2203:
2199:
2154:
2133:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2076:on 3 April 2005
2064:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1929:
1925:
1878:
1871:
1826:
1819:
1788:
1784:
1778:Wayback Machine
1769:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1676:
1672:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1601:
1597:
1578:
1571:
1534:Alcohol Alcohol
1530:
1523:
1474:
1445:
1421:10.1.1.537.7292
1404:
1397:
1358:
1354:
1323:
1319:
1280:
1273:
1234:
1227:
1204:
1197:
1192:
1164:
1156:crime in London
1091:William Hogarth
1078:
1070:habit formation
1020:
1018:Sex differences
1003:
997:
951:
945:
932:standard drinks
911:
894:
872:
866:
849:
800:rebound effects
749:piriform cortex
721:William Hogarth
714:
712:Pathophysiology
698:
677:
628:
598:
592:
573:and changes in
536:
526:
517:
511:
505:
472:
466:
384:
378:
328:
320:Main articles:
318:
238:
214:In Ireland the
192:standard drinks
185:
169:corpus callosum
130:musculoskeletal
94:social drinking
22:
19:
12:
11:
5:
7148:
7138:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7106:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7088:
7086:French paradox
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7042:
7040:
7036:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
6996:
6994:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6968:
6966:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6956:
6955:
6954:
6949:
6942:Sulfonic acids
6939:
6938:
6937:
6927:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6905:
6904:
6903:
6892:
6890:
6884:
6883:
6881:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6876:Standard drink
6873:
6865:
6864:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6840:
6838:Liquor license
6835:
6834:
6833:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6803:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6774:
6772:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6726:
6720:
6710:
6705:
6703:Temperance bar
6700:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6626:
6620:
6618:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6580:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6558:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6503:
6502:
6492:
6485:
6483:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6450:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6409:
6404:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6369:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6292:
6290:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6257:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6124:Binge drinking
6121:
6116:
6114:Alcohol powder
6111:
6106:
6104:Alcohol myopia
6101:
6100:
6099:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6077:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6065:
6055:
6046:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6026:
6017:
6012:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5912:Wine chemistry
5909:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5880:
5878:Beer chemistry
5874:
5872:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5820:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5748:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5672:
5657:
5641:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5632:Classification
5625:
5624:External links
5622:
5621:
5620:
5614:
5596:
5590:
5573:
5555:(1): 119–142.
5544:
5538:
5525:
5519:
5501:
5495:
5482:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5434:
5402:
5380:Martin, Gary.
5372:
5346:
5327:
5290:(8): 689–696.
5269:
5232:
5195:(4): 486–496.
5175:
5130:
5100:
5071:(7): 982–985.
5051:
5043:biological sex
5031:
4985:
4966:(4): 314–320.
4946:
4924:
4887:
4858:(7): 921–926.
4838:
4811:(3): 321–327.
4795:
4734:
4728:978-0300033250
4727:
4703:
4682:
4654:(4): 464–471.
4631:
4582:
4572:
4537:
4502:
4453:
4432:(5): 526–535.
4412:
4390:
4355:
4324:
4275:
4249:
4230:
4204:
4178:
4152:
4109:
4092:Läkartidningen
4081:
4062:
4013:
3970:
3964:978-0974794303
3963:
3945:
3916:(s16): 12–20.
3900:
3878:
3855:
3826:(6): 625–629.
3806:
3795:(11): 467–73.
3779:
3738:
3695:
3660:
3611:
3575:
3526:
3491:
3446:
3403:
3374:(3): 120–122.
3354:
3321:
3272:
3222:
3193:(3): 201–207.
3173:
3152:
3125:
3081:
3032:
2996:(3): S35–S43.
2976:
2950:
2923:(1): 613–617.
2907:
2880:(3): 714–719.
2864:
2815:
2788:
2769:(3): 263–270.
2753:
2696:
2645:
2610:(1): 193–201.
2590:
2581:
2558:Hayes, Katie.
2550:
2523:
2474:
2433:
2404:(1–2): 62–72.
2384:
2369:
2319:
2280:
2254:
2197:
2131:
2110:
2102:Binge Drinking
2087:
2057:
2024:
1999:
1950:
1939:(3): 225–233.
1923:
1869:
1817:
1782:
1763:
1737:
1670:
1621:
1609:PsychNewsDaily
1595:
1569:
1547:10.1.1.695.779
1521:
1443:
1408:Obstet Gynecol
1395:
1368:(8): 493–502.
1362:Paediatr Drugs
1352:
1317:
1271:
1225:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1163:
1160:
1077:
1074:
1019:
1016:
996:
993:
947:Main article:
944:
941:
910:
907:
893:
890:
865:
862:
848:
845:
804:glucocorticoid
745:olfactory bulb
730:excitotoxicity
713:
710:
697:
694:
676:
675:Urinary system
673:
657:embolic stroke
627:
624:
594:Main article:
591:
588:
525:
522:
507:Main article:
504:
501:
468:Main article:
465:
462:
377:
374:
356:blood pressure
348:cardiac rhythm
317:
316:Health effects
314:
308:social norms.
302:depressed mood
294:sexual assault
276:. Research on
266:
265:
262:
259:
256:
237:
234:
184:
181:
161:excitotoxicity
73:, is drinking
67:Binge drinking
62:
61:
52:
46:
45:
38:
37:
29:
28:
27:Binge drinking
20:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7147:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7125:Alcohol abuse
7123:
7122:
7120:
7105:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7061:Mood disorder
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6982:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6965:
6961:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6940:
6936:
6935:Nitrous oxide
6933:
6932:
6931:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6909:
6906:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6897:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6885:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6846:Fermented tea
6844:
6843:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6769:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6742:Sober curious
6740:
6738:
6735:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6585:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6501:
6498:
6497:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6469:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6431:Ladies' night
6429:
6427:
6424:
6418:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6398:
6395:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6331:Rum Rebellion
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6287:
6281:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6263:Alcohol enema
6261:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6213:Flaming drink
6211:
6209:
6208:Dutch courage
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6193:Drunk walking
6191:
6189:
6188:Drunk dialing
6186:
6184:
6181:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6166:Drinking game
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6075:Alcohol abuse
6073:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6042:Social issues
6039:
6031:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5980:
5979:breast cancer
5977:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5907:Fusel alcohol
5905:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5776:Drunk driving
5774:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5752:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5730:
5725:
5723:
5718:
5716:
5711:
5710:
5707:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5682:
5678:
5677:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5666:
5662:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5634:
5630:
5617:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5582:
5581:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5545:
5541:
5535:
5531:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5462:No. 29 PH 357
5459:
5455:
5454:
5443:
5438:
5419:
5412:
5406:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5361:
5360:History Extra
5357:
5350:
5342:
5338:
5331:
5323:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5273:
5254:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5228:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5179:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5134:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5104:
5096:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4989:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4950:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4928:
4909:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4883:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4842:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4799:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4738:
4730:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4686:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4627:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4586:
4576:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4541:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4518:(3): 365–77.
4517:
4513:
4506:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4449:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4416:
4408:
4404:
4403:PubMed Health
4400:
4394:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4371:(2): 267–82.
4370:
4366:
4359:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4320:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4295:(1): 164–82.
4294:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4263:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4208:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4125:(2): 98–103.
4124:
4120:
4113:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4085:
4077:
4073:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4017:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3986:(2): 189–99.
3985:
3981:
3974:
3966:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3705:J Int Med Res
3699:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3676:(5): 649–63.
3675:
3671:
3664:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3631:(5): 328–32.
3630:
3626:
3622:
3615:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3592:(2): 119–30.
3591:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3530:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3495:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3466:(3): 159–67.
3465:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3419:(4): 243–53.
3418:
3414:
3407:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3292:(3): 237–47.
3291:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3251:(2): 128–35.
3250:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3177:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3156:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2585:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2453:(2): 109–20.
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2300:(2): 317–21.
2299:
2295:
2287:
2285:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2219:: 9167–9186.
2218:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2168:(1): 142–56.
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2128:
2125:
2113:
2111:9781617878503
2107:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1874:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1641:(3): 237–47.
1640:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1540:(2): 128–35.
1539:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1489:(19): 323–8.
1488:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:(1): 113–27.
1332:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1290:(7): 664–72.
1289:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1217:
1214:(3): 167–72.
1213:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1195:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1100:Dutch courage
1092:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1066:neurochemical
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:alcohol abuse
1031:
1029:
1025:
1022:Women become
1015:
1012:
1007:
1002:
992:
989:
987:
982:
975:
971:
966:
962:
959:
957:
950:
940:
938:
935:criteria for
933:
928:
924:
921:
915:
906:
902:
898:
889:
886:
882:
878:
871:
861:
859:
853:
844:
842:
841:
834:
829:
825:
821:
820:neurotoxicity
816:
814:
810:
809:myelinization
805:
801:
792:
788:
785:
781:
777:
775:
771:
766:
762:
761:dentate gyrus
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
741:corticolimbic
738:
733:
731:
722:
718:
709:
707:
703:
696:Acute hazards
693:
691:
687:
682:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
633:
623:
621:
617:
613:
608:
604:
597:
587:
585:
579:
576:
572:
569:
565:
560:
557:
553:
549:
548:orbitofrontal
545:
541:
535:
531:
521:
516:
510:
500:
497:
495:
490:
488:
484:
476:
471:
461:
458:
453:
449:
445:
442:
437:
432:
428:
420:
416:
413:
412:alcohol abuse
408:
401:
397:
393:
388:
383:
373:
370:
365:
361:
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349:
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341:
337:
333:
327:
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299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:victimization
279:
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263:
260:
257:
254:
253:
252:
249:
247:
243:
242:peer pressure
233:
230:
228:
224:
219:
217:
212:
210:
205:
201:
198:, citing the
197:
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187:
180:
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149:
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7021:Gin Act 1751
7011:Bratt System
7004:
7000:
6867:Measurement
6801:Breathalyzer
6571:Shoulder tap
6223:
6123:
6097:Beer goggles
5674:
5659:
5644:
5604:
5579:
5552:
5548:
5529:
5509:
5486:
5474:. Retrieved
5470:the original
5461:
5437:
5425:. Retrieved
5418:the original
5405:
5393:. Retrieved
5385:
5375:
5363:. Retrieved
5359:
5349:
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5330:
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5272:
5260:. Retrieved
5253:the original
5248:
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5188:
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5112:
5103:
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5005:(2): 26–34.
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4782:the original
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4486:the original
4473:
4469:
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4429:
4425:
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4402:
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4364:
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4346:. Retrieved
4337:
4327:
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4278:
4266:. Retrieved
4252:
4233:
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4195:. Retrieved
4181:
4169:. Retrieved
4155:
4122:
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4112:
4098:(9): 632–7.
4095:
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4065:
4033:(1): 27–37.
4030:
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3979:
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3903:
3895:The Guardian
3893:
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3869:The Guardian
3868:
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3809:
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3711:(1): 46–51.
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3507:(6): 24–31.
3504:
3500:
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3463:
3459:
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3416:
3412:
3406:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3289:
3285:
3275:
3248:
3244:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3170:(in French).
3165:
3155:
3143:. Retrieved
3141:(in Spanish)
3138:
3128:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
2993:
2989:
2979:
2967:. Retrieved
2962:
2953:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2835:(1): 67–80.
2832:
2828:
2818:
2800:
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2791:
2766:
2762:
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2713:
2709:
2699:
2661:(1): 41–52.
2658:
2654:
2648:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2584:
2572:. Retrieved
2568:the original
2563:
2553:
2539:(2): 321–6.
2536:
2532:
2526:
2491:
2487:
2477:
2450:
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2436:
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2397:
2387:
2378:
2372:
2339:
2335:
2322:
2297:
2293:
2271:. Retrieved
2267:
2257:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2165:
2162:Psychol Bull
2161:
2123:
2122:
2115:. Retrieved
2101:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:the original
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2015:. Retrieved
2011:
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1983:the original
1970:
1966:
1953:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1889:
1885:
1837:
1833:
1798:(4): 292–6.
1795:
1791:
1785:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1740:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1608:
1598:
1585:
1537:
1533:
1516:
1486:
1482:
1411:
1407:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1287:
1283:
1244:(5): 613–7.
1241:
1237:
1211:
1207:
1117:
1098:
1096:
1084:
1047:
1032:
1021:
1008:
1004:
990:
983:
979:
960:
952:
943:Epidemiology
929:
925:
916:
912:
903:
899:
895:
873:
854:
850:
837:
817:
797:
778:
737:frontal lobe
734:
726:
699:
678:
629:
626:Sudden death
599:
580:
561:
537:
518:
498:
491:
481:
454:
450:
446:
433:
429:
425:
409:
405:
369:Ketoacidosis
329:
310:
306:
267:
250:
239:
231:
220:
213:
203:
188:
186:
177:neurogenesis
150:
107:
91:
70:
66:
65:
42:
15:
7001:Beer Street
6952:Homotaurine
6947:Acamprosate
6818:Dry January
6797:Monitoring
6698:Teetotalism
6691:Malt drinks
6481:Alcohol law
6253:Yard of ale
6198:Drunkorexia
6010:intolerance
5803:Rum-running
5395:26 December
5365:26 December
4937:www.cdc.gov
4754:(2): 85–6.
3540:Exp Physiol
2342:(4): 51–4.
1614:17 February
1327:Soc Sci Med
1284:South Med J
1024:intoxicated
858:recall bias
784:hippocampus
651:as well as
639:as well as
616:hypercapnia
571:amino acids
436:hippocampus
346:variation,
340:homeostasis
183:Definitions
173:MRI scanner
122:hematologic
79:intoxicated
7119:Categories
7081:Town drunk
6913:Disulfiram
6861:Small beer
6827:Campaigns
6661:Drunk tank
6634:Dry campus
6544:Dry county
6326:Rum ration
6306:Dipsomania
6235:Pantsdrunk
6028:Red wine:
5818:Alcoholism
5808:Wine fraud
5451:References
5019:A293352479
4547:Ther Umsch
3871:. London.
3789:Neth J Med
3546:(5): 821.
3167:20 minutes
2874:Pediatrics
1992:5 December
1973:(8): 569.
1705:10284/8115
1150:and other
999:See also:
864:Prevention
813:neurotoxic
776:episodes.
774:withdrawal
659:and acute
620:stillbirth
575:monoamines
568:excitatory
564:inhibitory
544:prefrontal
528:See also:
513:See also:
380:See also:
290:harassment
153:neurotoxic
110:neurologic
59:psychiatry
55:Toxicology
7016:Dry state
6923:Cyanamide
6757:Sobrietol
6556:Last call
6522:DWI court
6375:Beer mile
6346:Speakeasy
6316:Gin Craze
6248:Beer bong
6203:Dry drunk
6176:Pregaming
6024:Potomania
6006:Tolerance
5996:Pregnancy
5871:Chemistry
5793:Nip joint
5788:Moonshine
5569:146449952
5335:"Dutch".
5304:0006-3223
5262:12 August
5209:0749-3797
5123:6 January
5045:, not to
5011:1038-2569
4825:0003-990X
4512:Addiction
4476:: 81–90.
4365:Addiction
3670:Addiction
3112:1879-0267
2730:1873-6327
2716:: 36–43.
2675:0047-2379
2249:197421294
2233:1552-6518
2215:(19–20).
2094:Compare:
2017:14 August
1714:1469-493X
1542:CiteSeerX
1475:Compare:
1416:CiteSeerX
1174:Alcarelle
1144:24 Geo. 2
1120:Gin Craze
909:Treatment
892:Reduction
847:Diagnosis
780:Blackouts
665:mortality
612:acidaemia
590:Pregnancy
483:Balconing
470:Balconing
464:Balconing
344:circadian
157:glutamate
87:see below
50:Specialty
7104:Category
7005:Gin Lane
6762:Quit lit
6686:Spritzer
6616:Sobriety
6471:Alcohol
6452:Whiskey
6280:Sconcing
6230:Nightcap
6156:Blackout
5986:Cortisol
5883:Congener
5322:20678752
5227:29555021
5170:19370597
5117:Archived
5026:EJ972973
4980:19765503
4941:Archived
4917:14 April
4833:15753245
4778:24168733
4670:23695975
4626:25412029
4602:: E206.
4567:17245680
4532:19207344
4448:26047832
4407:Archived
4385:21083832
4348:16 April
4342:Archived
4319:20351794
4262:Archived
4242:Archived
4216:Archived
4191:Archived
4171:15 March
4165:Archived
4139:10724728
4104:15804034
4057:20113872
4000:17222895
3940:19538908
3873:Archived
3850:22608381
3801:19075312
3774:17825708
3733:33267368
3725:17408054
3690:10563030
3655:10814651
3606:10548155
3570:29592437
3562:17827257
3521:15237789
3486:Archived
3482:11810953
3441:21142815
3433:17200791
3398:19297654
3341:Archived
3316:19410598
3267:19155229
3217:23623907
3120:28377264
3076:37117460
3067:10615763
3025:15 March
3020:29455716
2945:43370272
2937:19174416
2902:25041948
2894:15342844
2859:20113875
2808:Archived
2783:12086126
2748:25462652
2691:37631050
2683:12096556
2632:17347351
2574:13 April
2545:19294998
2518:17991983
2469:11912065
2428:18243584
2364:11707884
2356:16445162
2314:11236849
2273:17 April
2241:31313629
2192:19210057
2044:Archived
1979:21814649
1918:21689457
1864:18640918
1812:11767259
1774:Archived
1756:15 March
1750:Archived
1732:26711838
1665:19410598
1590:Archived
1564:19155229
1513:19547732
1438:16260526
1390:30900197
1382:12126453
1347:15087148
1312:26801239
1304:15301124
1266:43370272
1258:19174416
1220:11458287
1162:See also
1086:Gin Lane
1062:dopamine
1054:Columbia
828:synaptic
824:neuronal
770:kindling
556:amygdala
342:and its
286:stalking
7039:Related
6993:History
6778:0-0-1-3
6473:control
6360:General
6336:Shebeen
6289:History
5959:Anxiety
5921:Effects
5895:Ethanol
5744:Alcohol
5697:by the
5681:D063425
5386:Phrases
5343:. 1989.
5313:2949533
5218:6075714
5161:4164939
5095:7604925
5086:1615545
4882:7604914
4873:1615519
4788:9 April
4617:4241371
4495:2 April
4310:2846371
4147:3267149
4048:2818286
4027:Alcohol
4008:6925448
3931:2701090
3841:4536810
3646:1731674
3586:Alcohol
3473:6707173
3389:2746847
3307:2730661
3208:3727916
3145:23 July
3011:6040650
2850:2818103
2829:Alcohol
2739:4272863
2612:Bibcode
2509:2072017
2419:2366117
2183:2748736
1909:3148999
1892:: 482.
1855:2607328
1723:8750744
1656:2730661
1586:NPR.org
1504:2689602
1168:0-0-1-3
1138:of the
1128:gallons
1113:jenever
1076:History
686:uraemia
632:strokes
494:alcohol
487:balcony
455:A 2023
396:alcopop
274:anxiety
165:neurons
114:cardiac
83:alcohol
6813:FRAMES
6022:Beer:
6015:Weight
5991:Memory
5974:Cancer
5757:crimes
5612:
5588:
5567:
5536:
5517:
5493:
5476:7 June
5427:11 May
5320:
5310:
5302:
5225:
5215:
5207:
5168:
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4268:7 June
4197:10 May
4145:
4137:
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3347:7 June
3314:
3304:
3265:
3215:
3205:
3118:
3110:
3092:Injury
3074:
3064:
3018:
3008:
2969:3 June
2943:
2935:
2900:
2892:
2857:
2847:
2781:
2746:
2736:
2728:
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2681:
2673:
2640:248697
2638:
2630:
2543:
2516:
2506:
2467:
2426:
2416:
2362:
2354:
2312:
2247:
2239:
2231:
2190:
2180:
2124:Bender
2117:2 July
2108:
2080:7 June
2050:7 June
2012:HSE.ie
1977:
1916:
1906:
1862:
1852:
1810:
1730:
1720:
1712:
1663:
1653:
1562:
1544:
1511:
1501:
1436:
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1388:
1380:
1345:
1310:
1302:
1264:
1256:
1218:
1093:, 1751
723:, 1731
653:angina
532:, and
398:, and
296:, and
236:Causes
128:, and
126:immune
7076:Spins
6731:(ACA)
6725:(AA):
6491:(ALS)
6371:Beer
6149:Zapoy
6001:Sleep
5969:Brain
5964:Aging
5858:(HFA)
5772:(DUI)
5565:S2CID
5421:(PDF)
5414:(PDF)
5256:(PDF)
5245:(PDF)
4911:(PDF)
4900:(PDF)
4677:(PDF)
4644:(PDF)
4489:(PDF)
4466:(PDF)
4143:S2CID
4004:S2CID
3729:S2CID
3566:S2CID
3437:S2CID
2941:S2CID
2898:S2CID
2687:S2CID
2636:S2CID
2360:S2CID
2332:(PDF)
2245:S2CID
1986:(PDF)
1967:Focus
1963:(PDF)
1386:S2CID
1308:S2CID
1262:S2CID
1190:Notes
1184:Zapoy
69:, or
7003:and
6171:list
5676:MeSH
5665:9-CM
5610:ISBN
5586:ISBN
5534:ISBN
5515:ISBN
5491:ISBN
5478:2013
5429:2015
5397:2022
5367:2022
5318:PMID
5300:ISSN
5264:2022
5223:PMID
5205:ISSN
5166:PMID
5125:2017
5091:PMID
5039:Note
5022:ERIC
5015:Gale
5007:ISSN
4976:PMID
4919:2019
4878:PMID
4829:PMID
4821:ISSN
4790:2015
4774:PMID
4723:ISBN
4666:PMID
4622:PMID
4563:PMID
4528:PMID
4497:2013
4444:PMID
4381:PMID
4350:2015
4315:PMID
4270:2013
4199:2013
4173:2010
4135:PMID
4100:PMID
4053:PMID
3996:PMID
3959:ISBN
3936:PMID
3846:PMID
3797:PMID
3770:PMID
3721:PMID
3686:PMID
3651:PMID
3602:PMID
3558:PMID
3517:PMID
3478:PMID
3429:PMID
3394:PMID
3349:2013
3312:PMID
3263:PMID
3213:PMID
3147:2018
3116:PMID
3108:ISSN
3072:PMID
3027:2023
3016:PMID
2971:2020
2933:PMID
2890:PMID
2855:PMID
2779:PMID
2744:PMID
2726:ISSN
2679:PMID
2671:ISSN
2628:PMID
2608:1094
2576:2015
2541:PMID
2514:PMID
2465:PMID
2424:PMID
2352:PMID
2310:PMID
2275:2015
2237:PMID
2229:ISSN
2188:PMID
2119:2016
2106:ISBN
2082:2013
2052:2013
2019:2023
1994:2019
1975:PMID
1914:PMID
1860:PMID
1808:PMID
1758:2010
1728:PMID
1710:ISSN
1688:2015
1661:PMID
1616:2021
1560:PMID
1509:PMID
1434:PMID
1378:PMID
1343:PMID
1300:PMID
1254:PMID
1216:PMID
1118:The
1058:Yale
1056:and
1009:The
972:and
838:see
826:and
679:The
643:and
614:and
566:and
400:borg
324:and
144:and
6092:Sex
5747:use
5699:WHO
5670:305
5661:ICD
5655:F10
5646:ICD
5557:doi
5308:PMC
5292:doi
5213:PMC
5197:doi
5156:PMC
5148:doi
5081:PMC
5073:doi
4968:doi
4868:PMC
4860:doi
4813:doi
4764:hdl
4756:doi
4656:doi
4612:PMC
4604:doi
4555:doi
4520:doi
4516:104
4478:doi
4434:doi
4373:doi
4369:106
4305:PMC
4297:doi
4127:doi
4096:102
4043:PMC
4035:doi
3988:doi
3926:PMC
3918:doi
3836:PMC
3828:doi
3760:doi
3713:doi
3678:doi
3641:PMC
3633:doi
3594:doi
3548:doi
3509:doi
3468:PMC
3421:doi
3384:PMC
3376:doi
3372:102
3302:PMC
3294:doi
3253:doi
3203:PMC
3195:doi
3100:doi
3062:PMC
3054:doi
3006:PMC
2998:doi
2925:doi
2917:Gut
2882:doi
2878:114
2845:PMC
2837:doi
2771:doi
2734:PMC
2718:doi
2663:doi
2620:doi
2537:112
2504:PMC
2496:doi
2492:335
2455:doi
2414:PMC
2406:doi
2344:doi
2340:174
2302:doi
2221:doi
2178:PMC
2170:doi
2166:135
1941:doi
1904:PMC
1894:doi
1850:PMC
1842:doi
1838:363
1800:doi
1718:PMC
1700:hdl
1692:doi
1651:PMC
1643:doi
1552:doi
1499:PMC
1491:doi
1487:106
1426:doi
1412:106
1370:doi
1335:doi
1292:doi
1246:doi
1238:Gut
1148:gin
1136:Act
1124:gin
1089:by
1072:".
843:).
833:EEG
272:or
216:HSE
7121::
5679::
5668::
5653::
5650:10
5563:.
5553:15
5551:.
5464:.
5460:.
5390:UK
5388:.
5384:.
5358:.
5316:.
5306:.
5298:.
5288:68
5286:.
5282:.
5247:.
5221:.
5211:.
5203:.
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5191:.
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