224:
235:
136:
601:
Rovnyak, G. C.; Atwal, K. S.; Hedberg, A.; Kimball, S. D.; Moreland, S.; Gougoutas, J. Z.; O'Reilly, B. C.; Schwartz, J.; Malley, M. F. (1992). "Dihydropyrimidine calcium channel blockers. 4. Basic 3-substituted-4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid esters. Potent antihypertensive agents".
242:
This scheme begins with rate determining nucleophilic addition by the urea to the aldehyde. The ensuing condensation step is catalyzed by the addition of acid, resulting in the imine nitrogen. The β-ketoester then adds to the imine bond and consequently the ring is closed by the nucleophilic attack
696:
El
Maatougui, Abdelaziz; Azuaje, Jhonny; González-GĂłmez, Manuel; Miguez, Gabriel; Crespo, Abel; Carbajales, Carlos; Escalante, Luz; GarcĂa-Mera, Xerardo; GutiĂ©rrez-de-Terán, Hugo; Sotelo, Eddy (2016-03-10). "Discovery of Potent and Highly Selective A2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonist Chemotypes".
638:
Crespo, Abel; El
Maatougui, Abdelaziz; Biagini, Pierfrancesco; Azuaje, Jhonny; Coelho, Alberto; Brea, JosĂ©; Loza, MarĂa Isabel; Cadavid, MarĂa Isabel; GarcĂa-Mera, Xerardo; GutiĂ©rrez-de-Terán, Hugo; Sotelo, Eddy (2013-10-03).
472:
Song, Dailei; Wang, Runxia; Chen, Yongli; Zhang, Shaohua; Liu, Chunsheng; Luo, Genxiang (2008). "Copper(II) trifluoroacetate catalyzed synthesis of 3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under solvent-free conditions".
508:
Hu, E. H.; Sidler, D. R.; Dolling, U.-H. (1998). "Unprecedented
Catalytic Three Component One-Pot Condensation Reaction: An Efficient Synthesis of 5-Alkoxycarbonyl- 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones".
565:
Kappe, C. O. (2000). "Highly versatile solid phase synthesis of biofunctional 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidines using resin-bound isothiourea building blocks and multidirectional resin cleavage".
1946:
4161:
740:
Folkers, K.; Johnson, T. B. (1933). "Researches on
Pyrimidines. CXXXVI. The Mechanism of Formation of Tetrahydropyrimidines by the Biginelli Reaction1".
3277:
3222:
824:
Kappe, C.O. (1997). "A Reexamination of the
Mechanism of the Biginelli Dihydropyrimidine Synthesis. Support for anN-Acyliminium Ion Intermediate1".
3990:
4330:
3332:
3482:
2116:
259:
has reported first enzymatic synthesis for
Biginelli reaction via yeast catalysed protocol in high yields. The reaction has also been reported
4310:
4211:
537:
Wipf, P.; Cunningham, A. (1995). "A solid phase protocol of the biginelli dihydropyrimidine synthesis suitable for combinatorial chemistry".
71:
3985:
1811:
796:
Folkers, K.; Harwood, H. J.; Johnson, T. B. (1932). "Researches on
Pyrimidines. Cxxx. Synthesis of 2-Keto-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrimidines".
3087:
1008:
3657:
2857:
1601:
3822:
3752:
3732:
3227:
2394:
1856:
862:"Synthesis of Substituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic Acid Esters: The Biginelli Condensation Revisited"
2275:
1831:
193:
The reaction mechanism of the
Biginelli reaction is a series of bimolecular reactions leading to the desired dihydropyrimidinone.
1044:
3577:
4055:
4005:
2409:
768:
Sweet, F.; Fissekis, J. D. (1973). "Synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinones and the mechanism of the
Biginelli reaction".
223:
3512:
930:
Kumar, Atul; Maurya, Ram Awatar (2007). "An efficient bakers' yeast catalyzed synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones".
4320:
4151:
3960:
3617:
3597:
3557:
2364:
1307:
420:
4146:
4076:
3975:
3632:
3487:
3117:
2962:
2572:
2199:
1976:
641:"Discovery of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones As a Novel Class of Potent and Selective A2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonists"
243:
by the amine onto the carbonyl group. This final step ensues a second condensation and results in the
Biginelli compound.
4226:
4010:
3322:
2812:
2487:
3032:
4221:
3935:
3797:
3587:
3552:
4111:
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3312:
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2250:
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1342:
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2967:
2877:
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1866:
1621:
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4256:
4141:
4040:
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3627:
3422:
3382:
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1761:
1691:
1327:
1257:
456:
367:
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1906:
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4015:
3930:
3827:
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2767:
2557:
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1981:
1661:
1636:
1606:
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3712:
3612:
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3292:
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1167:
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2587:
2444:
2179:
1886:
1666:
1631:
1536:
1227:
1162:
994:
64:
3457:
1721:
4266:
4171:
4025:
3905:
3877:
3847:
3762:
3692:
3647:
3622:
3542:
3442:
3402:
3097:
2717:
2707:
2632:
2156:
2016:
2011:
1991:
1676:
1473:
1452:
1412:
1337:
1157:
4231:
4121:
4101:
3965:
3807:
3717:
3687:
3667:
3562:
3517:
3347:
3257:
3187:
3072:
3062:
2892:
2449:
2389:
2354:
2161:
2141:
2101:
1876:
1746:
1711:
1671:
1422:
1262:
1252:
1182:
567:
89:
3697:
897:"Synthesis of Substituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methyl-2-thioxo-5-pyrimidinecarboxylic Acid Esters"
4325:
4201:
4060:
3910:
3852:
3777:
3757:
3477:
3427:
3287:
3252:
3192:
3122:
2677:
2424:
2404:
2136:
2056:
1951:
1911:
1881:
1816:
1701:
1686:
1596:
1586:
1247:
1172:
1127:
1462:
3940:
3662:
3412:
3392:
3367:
3317:
3232:
3207:
3162:
3132:
3112:
3082:
3047:
3002:
2977:
2952:
2837:
2762:
2542:
2235:
2171:
1971:
1696:
1616:
1302:
1277:
1054:
1049:
901:
866:
182:
181:
More recently products of the Biginelli reaction have been investigated as potential selective
4276:
3862:
3817:
3532:
3502:
3472:
3407:
3387:
3302:
3297:
3262:
3217:
3202:
3197:
3177:
3167:
3102:
3092:
3022:
2972:
2492:
2295:
1871:
1826:
1656:
1646:
1392:
1317:
1112:
1074:
385:
255:
reported a modification to the Biginelli reaction that consistently generated higher yields.
160:
40:
1322:
4045:
3995:
3945:
3925:
3915:
3772:
3747:
3462:
3452:
3337:
3152:
3147:
3077:
2862:
2662:
2622:
2552:
2517:
2472:
2439:
2305:
2280:
2260:
2081:
2041:
2001:
1966:
1896:
1651:
1521:
1496:
1034:
256:
8:
4251:
4236:
3882:
3857:
3842:
3837:
3567:
3522:
3507:
3397:
3377:
3272:
3157:
3142:
2987:
2932:
2922:
2887:
2652:
2527:
2502:
2414:
2270:
2255:
2240:
2061:
2006:
1776:
1626:
1571:
1442:
1357:
1217:
1142:
932:
4261:
2912:
2096:
1287:
4000:
3950:
3920:
3782:
3362:
3247:
3182:
3172:
2937:
2867:
2832:
2827:
2807:
2802:
2747:
2657:
2507:
2369:
2359:
2265:
2051:
1996:
1926:
1846:
1741:
1641:
1501:
1347:
1212:
1147:
1132:
673:
640:
490:
318:
285:
205:
197:
104:
579:
398:
3737:
3057:
2942:
2907:
2872:
2817:
2772:
2687:
2667:
2617:
2612:
2582:
2567:
2477:
2384:
2320:
2285:
2111:
1986:
1861:
1786:
1766:
1681:
1516:
1511:
1457:
1367:
1272:
1232:
1187:
1069:
1064:
1029:
960:
842:
798:
770:
742:
722:
714:
678:
660:
620:
583:
551:
539:
452:
435:
416:
411:
Kappe, C. Oliver (2005) "The Biginelli Reaction", in: J. Zhu and H. Bienaymé (eds.):
363:
166:
Dihydropyrimidinones, the products of the Biginelli reaction, are widely used in the
156:
92:
2732:
494:
4271:
4116:
4086:
4030:
3955:
3887:
3642:
3592:
3437:
3242:
3017:
3012:
2957:
2947:
2722:
2532:
2512:
2482:
2379:
2315:
2300:
2131:
2086:
2076:
2066:
1961:
1941:
1936:
1921:
1916:
1796:
1791:
1731:
1716:
1706:
1551:
1541:
1407:
1397:
1297:
1292:
1267:
1207:
1059:
1018:
973:
965:
941:
910:
875:
834:
806:
778:
750:
706:
668:
652:
612:
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575:
547:
519:
482:
444:
394:
355:
327:
294:
175:
144:
129:
30:
1387:
148:
4181:
3872:
3707:
3702:
2997:
2982:
2927:
2882:
2842:
2792:
2757:
2752:
2697:
2692:
2627:
2577:
2497:
2325:
2209:
2184:
2146:
2121:
2106:
2091:
2026:
1901:
1851:
1841:
1821:
1781:
1591:
1581:
1566:
1362:
1282:
1152:
1122:
1107:
1102:
945:
710:
171:
448:
359:
4186:
4096:
4035:
3127:
3037:
3007:
2782:
2637:
2374:
2151:
2021:
1836:
1806:
1506:
1402:
1177:
1039:
977:
433:
Kappe, C. O.; Stadler, A. (2004). "The Biginelli Dihydropyrimidine Synthesis".
383:
Kappe, C. O. (1993). "100 years of the biginelli dihydropyrimidine synthesis".
167:
986:
486:
331:
298:
4299:
4196:
3897:
3742:
3637:
3432:
2822:
2787:
2777:
2712:
2702:
2592:
2429:
2245:
1956:
1931:
1801:
1447:
1432:
1417:
1312:
1242:
1222:
1137:
826:
718:
664:
604:
511:
3237:
2597:
2349:
2126:
1726:
1526:
1377:
1372:
1237:
1092:
915:
896:
880:
861:
846:
726:
682:
587:
115:
624:
1736:
1382:
1352:
1117:
347:
810:
782:
754:
616:
4020:
3547:
2897:
795:
163:
protocols utilizing different linker combinations have been published.
152:
838:
695:
656:
523:
507:
345:
Zaugg, H. E.; Martin, W. B. (1965). "Α-Amidoalkylations at Carbon".
313:
280:
1427:
1097:
111:
1087:
894:
859:
637:
185:
antagonists. Including highly selective tricyclic compounds.
212:. The nucleophilic addition of urea gives the intermediate
122:
739:
344:
767:
432:
216:, which quickly dehydrates to give the desired product
196:
According to a mechanism proposed by Sweet in 1973 the
536:
231:
This mechanism is superseded by one by Kappe in 1997:
958:
4162:
Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis
3223:Divinylcyclopropane-cycloheptadiene rearrangement
471:
246:
4297:
155:such as copper(II) trifluoroacetate hydrate and
1016:
3483:Thermal rearrangement of aromatic hydrocarbons
2117:Thermal rearrangement of aromatic hydrocarbons
314:"Ueber Aldehyduramide des Acetessigäthers. II"
4212:Lectka enantioselective beta-lactam synthesis
1472:
1002:
311:
278:
3991:Inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction
1812:Heterogeneous metal catalyzed cross-coupling
959:Panda, S.S.; Khanna, P.; Khanna, L. (2012).
564:
382:
3333:Lobry de Bruyn–Van Ekenstein transformation
929:
823:
1009:
995:
281:"Ueber Aldehyduramide des Acetessigäthers"
147:in 1891. The reaction can be catalyzed by
3823:Petrenko-Kritschenko piperidone synthesis
3278:Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement
961:"Biginelli Reaction: A Green Perspective"
914:
879:
672:
3986:Intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition
475:Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters
227:The mechanism of the Biginelli reaction
4331:Nitrogen heterocycle forming reactions
4298:
4006:Metal-centered cycloaddition reactions
3658:Debus–Radziszewski imidazole synthesis
1602:Bodroux–Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis
895:O'Reilly, B. C.; Atwal, K. S. (1987).
860:O'Reilly, B. C.; Atwal, K. S. (1987).
128:. It is named for the Italian chemist
4152:Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
4056:Vinylcyclopropane (5+2) cycloaddition
3961:Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
3733:Hurd–Mori 1,2,3-thiadiazole synthesis
3228:Dowd–Beckwith ring-expansion reaction
2395:Hurd–Mori 1,2,3-thiadiazole synthesis
1471:
1308:LFER solvent coefficients (data page)
990:
188:
95:that creates 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1
4311:Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
2963:Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation
2200:Methoxymethylenetriphenylphosphorane
3088:Allen–Millar–Trippett rearrangement
13:
4227:Nitrone-olefin (3+2) cycloaddition
4222:Niementowski quinazoline synthesis
4011:Nitrone-olefin (3+2) cycloaddition
3936:Azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition
3798:Niementowski quinazoline synthesis
3553:Azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition
2858:Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction
2410:Leimgruber–Batcho indole synthesis
405:
233:
222:
134:
14:
4342:
4051:Trimethylenemethane cycloaddition
3753:Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction
3618:Cadogan–Sundberg indole synthesis
3598:Bohlmann–Rahtz pyridine synthesis
3558:Baeyer–Emmerling indole synthesis
2365:Cadogan–Sundberg indole synthesis
1857:Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction
4147:Cook–Heilbron thiazole synthesis
3976:Hexadehydro Diels–Alder reaction
3803:Niementowski quinoline synthesis
3633:Cook–Heilbron thiazole synthesis
3578:Bischler–Möhlau indole synthesis
3488:Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement
3118:Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement
2276:Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction
1947:Mizoroki-Heck vs. Reductive Heck
1832:Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction
1343:Neighbouring group participation
16:Multicomponent chemical reaction
3683:Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis
3513:Westphalen–Lettré rearrangement
3493:Vinylcyclopropane rearrangement
3323:Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement
2968:Epoxidation of allylic alcohols
2878:Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation
2813:Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement
2488:Gallagher–Hollander degradation
952:
923:
888:
853:
817:
789:
761:
733:
689:
645:ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters
631:
594:
558:
143:This reaction was developed by
4142:Chichibabin pyridine synthesis
3628:Chichibabin pyridine synthesis
3588:Blum–Ittah aziridine synthesis
3423:Ring expansion and contraction
1692:Cross dehydrogenative coupling
699:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
530:
501:
465:
426:
376:
338:
305:
272:
247:Advances in Biginelli reaction
1:
4112:Bischler–Napieralski reaction
4070:Heterocycle forming reactions
3723:Hemetsberger indole synthesis
3583:Bischler–Napieralski reaction
3498:Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement
3468:Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement
3448:Seyferth–Gilbert homologation
3313:Ireland–Claisen rearrangement
3308:Hofmann–Martius rearrangement
3068:2,3-sigmatropic rearrangement
2683:Corey–Winter olefin synthesis
2608:Barton–McCombie deoxygenation
2251:Corey–Winter olefin synthesis
2205:Seyferth–Gilbert homologation
2072:Seyferth–Gilbert homologation
580:10.1016/S0960-894X(99)00572-7
399:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)87971-0
266:
208:leading to the carbenium ion
204:and the aryl aldehyde is the
178:, and alpha-1-a-antagonists.
4321:Multiple component reactions
4217:Lehmstedt–Tanasescu reaction
4177:Gabriel–Colman rearrangement
4132:Bucherer carbazole synthesis
4127:Borsche–Drechsel cyclization
4107:Bernthsen acridine synthesis
4092:Bamberger triazine synthesis
4077:Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction
3788:Nazarov cyclization reaction
3653:De Kimpe aziridine synthesis
3608:Bucherer carbazole synthesis
3603:Borsche–Drechsel cyclization
3373:Nazarov cyclization reaction
3353:Meyer–Schuster rearrangement
3283:Gabriel–Colman rearrangement
3033:Wolffenstein–Böters reaction
2918:Reduction of nitro compounds
2768:Grundmann aldehyde synthesis
2573:Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction
1982:Olefin conversion technology
1977:Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction
1772:Gabriel–Colman rearrangement
1662:Claisen-Schmidt condensation
1607:Bouveault aldehyde synthesis
946:10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.130
711:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01586
552:10.1016/0040-4039(95)01660-A
238:Biginelli reaction mechanism
7:
4192:Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
3971:Enone–alkene cycloadditions
3793:Nenitzescu indole synthesis
3713:Hantzsch pyridine synthesis
3678:Ferrario–Ackermann reaction
3328:Kowalski ester homologation
3293:Halogen dance rearrangement
3138:Benzilic acid rearrangement
2563:Akabori amino-acid reaction
2523:Von Braun amide degradation
2468:Barbier–Wieland degradation
2420:Nenitzescu indole synthesis
2400:Kharasch–Sosnovsky reaction
2291:Julia–Kocienski olefination
2195:Kowalski ester homologation
1892:Kowalski ester homologation
1867:Julia–Kocienski olefination
1622:Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling
1547:Aza-Baylis–Hillman reaction
1492:Acetoacetic ester synthesis
1203:Dynamic binding (chemistry)
1193:Conrotatory and disrotatory
1168:Charge remote fragmentation
449:10.1002/0471264180.or063.01
360:10.1002/0471264180.or014.02
10:
4347:
4257:Robinson–Gabriel synthesis
4207:Kröhnke pyridine synthesis
4041:Retro-Diels–Alder reaction
3981:Imine Diels–Alder reaction
3768:Kröhnke pyridine synthesis
3383:Newman–Kwart rearrangement
3358:Mislow–Evans rearrangement
3268:Fischer–Hepp rearrangement
3213:Di-Ď€-methane rearrangement
2993:Stephen aldehyde synthesis
2728:Eschweiler–Clarke reaction
2445:Williamson ether synthesis
1762:Fujiwara–Moritani reaction
1667:Combes quinoline synthesis
1632:Carbonyl olefin metathesis
1333:More O'Ferrall–Jencks plot
1258:Grunwald–Winstein equation
1228:Electron-withdrawing group
1163:Catalytic resonance theory
978:10.2174/138527212799499859
4267:Urech hydantoin synthesis
4247:Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction
4172:Fischer oxazole synthesis
4069:
3906:1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition
3896:
3878:Urech hydantoin synthesis
3848:Reissert indole synthesis
3833:Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction
3763:Knorr quinoline synthesis
3693:Fischer oxazole synthesis
3623:Camps quinoline synthesis
3543:1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition
3531:
3443:Semipinacol rearrangement
3418:Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction
3403:Piancatelli rearrangement
3343:McFadyen–Stevens reaction
3098:Alpha-ketol rearrangement
3046:
2853:McFadyen–Stevens reaction
2798:Kiliani–Fischer synthesis
2718:Elbs persulfate oxidation
2643:Bouveault–Blanc reduction
2603:Baeyer–Villiger oxidation
2541:
2458:
2435:Schotten–Baumann reaction
2338:
2311:Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction
2218:
2190:Kiliani–Fischer synthesis
2170:
2032:Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction
2017:Pinacol coupling reaction
2012:Piancatelli rearrangement
1907:Liebeskind–Srogl coupling
1757:Fujimoto–Belleau reaction
1480:
1474:List of organic reactions
1338:Negative hyperconjugation
1083:
1025:
487:10.1007/s11144-008-5379-2
332:10.1002/cber.189102402126
299:10.1002/cber.189102401228
78:
52:Organic Chemistry Portal
46:
21:
4242:Pictet–Spengler reaction
4157:Einhorn–Brunner reaction
4122:Boger pyridine synthesis
4016:Oxo-Diels–Alder reaction
3931:Aza-Diels–Alder reaction
3828:Pictet–Spengler reaction
3728:Hofmann–Löffler reaction
3718:Hegedus indole synthesis
3688:Fischer indole synthesis
3563:Bartoli indole synthesis
3518:Willgerodt rearrangement
3348:McLafferty rearrangement
3258:Ferrier carbocyclization
3073:2,3-Wittig rearrangement
3063:1,2-Wittig rearrangement
2903:Parikh–Doering oxidation
2893:Oxygen rebound mechanism
2558:Adkins–Peterson reaction
2450:Yamaguchi esterification
2390:Hegedus indole synthesis
2355:Bartoli indole synthesis
2226:Bamford–Stevens reaction
2142:Weinreb ketone synthesis
2102:Stork enamine alkylation
1877:Knoevenagel condensation
1747:Ferrier carbocyclization
1637:Castro–Stephens coupling
1263:Hammett acidity function
1253:Free-energy relationship
1198:Curtin–Hammett principle
1183:Conformational isomerism
568:Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
413:Multicomponent Reactions
4202:Knorr pyrrole synthesis
4137:Bucherer–Bergs reaction
4082:Allan–Robinson reaction
4061:Wagner-Jauregg reaction
3853:Ring-closing metathesis
3778:Larock indole synthesis
3758:Knorr pyrrole synthesis
3613:Bucherer–Bergs reaction
3478:Stieglitz rearrangement
3458:Skattebøl rearrangement
3428:Ring-closing metathesis
3288:Group transfer reaction
3253:Favorskii rearrangement
3193:Cornforth rearrangement
3123:Bamberger rearrangement
3028:Wolff–Kishner reduction
2848:Markó–Lam deoxygenation
2743:Fleming–Tamao oxidation
2738:Fischer–Tropsch process
2425:Oxymercuration reaction
2405:Knorr pyrrole synthesis
2231:Barton–Kellogg reaction
2137:Wagner-Jauregg reaction
2057:Ring-closing metathesis
2047:Reimer–Tiemann reaction
2037:Rauhut–Currier reaction
1952:Nef isocyanide reaction
1912:Malonic ester synthesis
1882:Knorr pyrrole synthesis
1817:High dilution principle
1752:Friedel–Crafts reaction
1687:Cross-coupling reaction
1612:Bucherer–Bergs reaction
1597:Blanc chloromethylation
1587:Blaise ketone synthesis
1562:Baylis–Hillman reaction
1557:Barton–Kellogg reaction
1532:Allan–Robinson reaction
1438:Woodward–Hoffmann rules
1173:Charge-transfer complex
415:, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim,
176:antihypertensive agents
4316:Condensation reactions
4306:Ring forming reactions
4167:Feist–Benary synthesis
3941:Bradsher cycloaddition
3911:4+4 Photocycloaddition
3868:Simmons–Smith reaction
3813:Paternò–Büchi reaction
3673:Feist–Benary synthesis
3663:Dieckmann condensation
3413:Pummerer rearrangement
3393:Oxy-Cope rearrangement
3368:Myers allene synthesis
3318:Jacobsen rearrangement
3233:Electrocyclic reaction
3208:Demjanov rearrangement
3163:Buchner ring expansion
3133:Beckmann rearrangement
3113:Aza-Cope rearrangement
3108:Arndt–Eistert reaction
3083:Alkyne zipper reaction
3003:Transfer hydrogenation
2978:Sharpless oxyamination
2953:Selenoxide elimination
2838:Lombardo methylenation
2763:Griesbaum coozonolysis
2673:Corey–Itsuno reduction
2648:Boyland–Sims oxidation
2588:Angeli–Rimini reaction
2236:Boord olefin synthesis
2180:Arndt–Eistert reaction
2172:Homologation reactions
1972:Nitro-Mannich reaction
1887:Kolbe–Schmitt reaction
1697:Cross-coupling partner
1617:Buchner ring expansion
1537:Arndt–Eistert reaction
1303:Kinetic isotope effect
1050:Rearrangement reaction
916:10.3987/R-1987-05-1189
881:10.3987/R-1987-05-1185
312:Biginelli, P. (1891).
279:Biginelli, P. (1891).
239:
228:
183:Adenosine A2b receptor
140:
139:The Biginelli reaction
4026:Pauson–Khand reaction
3863:Sharpless epoxidation
3818:Pechmann condensation
3698:Friedländer synthesis
3648:Davis–Beirut reaction
3503:Wallach rearrangement
3473:Stevens rearrangement
3408:Pinacol rearrangement
3388:Overman rearrangement
3303:Hofmann rearrangement
3298:Hayashi rearrangement
3263:Ferrier rearrangement
3218:Dimroth rearrangement
3203:Curtius rearrangement
3198:Criegee rearrangement
3178:Claisen rearrangement
3168:Carroll rearrangement
3103:Amadori rearrangement
3093:Allylic rearrangement
2973:Sharpless epoxidation
2708:Dess–Martin oxidation
2633:Bohn–Schmidt reaction
2493:Hofmann rearrangement
2296:Kauffmann olefination
2219:Olefination reactions
2157:Wurtz–Fittig reaction
1992:Palladium–NHC complex
1872:Kauffmann olefination
1827:Homologation reaction
1677:Corey–House synthesis
1657:Claisen rearrangement
1453:Yukawa–Tsuno equation
1413:Swain–Lupton equation
1393:Spherical aromaticity
1328:Möbius–Hückel concept
1113:Aromatic ring current
1075:Substitution reaction
263:green methodologies.
237:
226:
200:of ethylacetoacetate
138:
41:Ring forming reaction
4232:Paal–Knorr synthesis
4102:Barton–Zard reaction
4046:Staudinger synthesis
3996:Ketene cycloaddition
3966:Diels–Alder reaction
3946:Cheletropic reaction
3926:Alkyne trimerisation
3808:Paal–Knorr synthesis
3773:Kulinkovich reaction
3748:Jacobsen epoxidation
3668:Diels–Alder reaction
3463:Smiles rearrangement
3453:Sigmatropic reaction
3338:Lossen rearrangement
3188:Corey–Fuchs reaction
3153:Boekelheide reaction
3148:Bergmann degradation
3078:Achmatowicz reaction
2863:Methionine sulfoxide
2663:Clemmensen reduction
2623:Bergmann degradation
2553:Acyloin condensation
2518:Strecker degradation
2473:Bergmann degradation
2440:Ullmann condensation
2306:Peterson olefination
2281:Hydrazone iodination
2261:Elimination reaction
2162:Zincke–Suhl reaction
2082:Sonogashira coupling
2042:Reformatsky reaction
2002:Peterson olefination
1967:Nierenstein reaction
1897:Kulinkovich reaction
1712:Diels–Alder reaction
1672:Corey–Fuchs reaction
1652:Claisen condensation
1522:Alkyne trimerisation
1497:Acyloin condensation
1463:ÎŁ-bishomoaromaticity
1423:Thorpe–Ingold effect
1035:Elimination reaction
4252:Prilezhaev reaction
4237:Pellizzari reaction
3916:(4+3) cycloaddition
3883:Van Leusen reaction
3858:Robinson annulation
3843:Pschorr cyclization
3838:Prilezhaev reaction
3568:Bergman cyclization
3523:Wolff rearrangement
3508:Weerman degradation
3398:Pericyclic reaction
3378:Neber rearrangement
3273:Fries rearrangement
3158:Brook rearrangement
3143:Bergman cyclization
2988:Staudinger reaction
2933:Rosenmund reduction
2923:Reductive amination
2888:Oppenauer oxidation
2678:Corey–Kim oxidation
2653:Cannizzaro reaction
2528:Weerman degradation
2503:Isosaccharinic acid
2415:Mukaiyama hydration
2271:Hofmann elimination
2256:Dehydrohalogenation
2241:Chugaev elimination
2062:Robinson annulation
2007:Pfitzinger reaction
1777:Gattermann reaction
1722:Wulff–Dötz reaction
1702:Dakin–West reaction
1627:Carbonyl allylation
1572:Bergman cyclization
1358:Kennedy J. P. Orton
1278:Hammond's postulate
1248:Flippin–Lodge angle
1218:Electromeric effect
1143:Beta-silicon effect
1128:Baker–Nathan effect
933:Tetrahedron Letters
811:10.1021/ja01348a040
783:10.1021/ja00807a040
755:10.1021/ja01336a054
617:10.1021/jm00095a023
22:Biginelli reaction
4001:McCormack reaction
3951:Conia-ene reaction
3783:Madelung synthesis
3573:Biginelli reaction
3363:Mumm rearrangement
3248:Favorskii reaction
3183:Cope rearrangement
3173:Chan rearrangement
2938:Rubottom oxidation
2868:Miyaura borylation
2833:Lipid peroxidation
2828:Lindgren oxidation
2808:Kornblum oxidation
2803:Kolbe electrolysis
2748:Fukuyama reduction
2658:Carbonyl reduction
2508:Marker degradation
2370:Diazonium compound
2360:Boudouard reaction
2339:Carbon-heteroatom
2266:Grieco elimination
2052:Rieche formylation
1997:Passerini reaction
1927:Meerwein arylation
1847:Hydroxymethylation
1742:Favorskii reaction
1642:Chan rearrangement
1577:Biginelli reaction
1502:Aldol condensation
1348:2-Norbornyl cation
1323:Möbius aromaticity
1318:Markovnikov's rule
1213:Effective molarity
1158:Bürgi–Dunitz angle
1148:Bicycloaromaticity
319:Chemische Berichte
286:Chemische Berichte
240:
229:
206:rate-limiting step
198:aldol condensation
189:Reaction mechanism
141:
105:ethyl acetoacetate
90:multiple-component
86:Biginelli reaction
57:biginelli-reaction
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4277:Wohl–Aue reaction
3921:6+4 Cycloaddition
3738:Iodolactonization
3058:1,2-rearrangement
3023:Wohl–Aue reaction
2943:Sabatier reaction
2908:Pinnick oxidation
2873:Mozingo reduction
2818:Leuckart reaction
2773:Haloform reaction
2688:Criegee oxidation
2668:Collins oxidation
2618:Benkeser reaction
2613:Bechamp reduction
2583:Andrussow process
2568:Alcohol oxidation
2478:Edman degradation
2385:Haloform reaction
2334:
2333:
2321:Takai olefination
2286:Julia olefination
2112:Takai olefination
1987:Olefin metathesis
1862:Julia olefination
1787:Grignard reaction
1767:Fukuyama coupling
1682:Coupling reaction
1647:Chan–Lam coupling
1517:Alkyne metathesis
1512:Alkane metathesis
1368:Phosphaethynolate
1273:George S. Hammond
1233:Electronic effect
1188:Conjugated system
1070:Stereospecificity
1065:Stereoselectivity
1030:Addition reaction
1019:organic reactions
839:10.1021/jo971010u
833:(21): 7201–7204.
799:J. Am. Chem. Soc.
777:(26): 8741–8749.
771:J. Am. Chem. Soc.
743:J. Am. Chem. Soc.
657:10.1021/ml400185v
651:(11): 1031–1036.
611:(17): 3254–3263.
546:(43): 7819–7822.
540:Tetrahedron Lett.
524:10.1021/jo970846u
436:Organic Reactions
421:978-3-527-30806-4
393:(32): 6937–6963.
157:boron trifluoride
93:chemical reaction
82:
81:
4338:
4272:Wenker synthesis
4262:Stollé synthesis
4117:Bobbitt reaction
4087:Auwers synthesis
4031:Povarov reaction
3956:Cyclopropanation
3894:
3893:
3888:Wenker synthesis
3643:Darzens reaction
3593:Bobbitt reaction
3438:Schmidt reaction
3243:Enyne metathesis
3018:Whiting reaction
3013:Wharton reaction
2958:Shapiro reaction
2948:Sarett oxidation
2913:Prévost reaction
2723:Emde degradation
2533:Wohl degradation
2513:Ruff degradation
2483:Emde degradation
2380:Grignard reagent
2316:Shapiro reaction
2301:McMurry reaction
2168:
2167:
2132:Ullmann reaction
2097:Stollé synthesis
2087:Stetter reaction
2077:Shapiro reaction
2067:Sakurai reaction
1962:Negishi coupling
1942:Minisci reaction
1937:Michael reaction
1922:McMurry reaction
1917:Mannich reaction
1797:Hammick reaction
1792:Grignard reagent
1732:Enyne metathesis
1717:Doebner reaction
1707:Darzens reaction
1552:Barbier reaction
1542:Auwers synthesis
1469:
1468:
1443:Woodward's rules
1408:Superaromaticity
1398:Spiroaromaticity
1298:Inductive effect
1293:Hyperconjugation
1268:Hammett equation
1208:Edwards equation
1060:Regioselectivity
1011:
1004:
997:
988:
987:
982:
981:
966:Curr. Org. Chem.
956:
950:
949:
927:
921:
920:
918:
909:(5): 1189–1192.
892:
886:
885:
883:
874:(5): 1185–1188.
857:
851:
850:
821:
815:
814:
805:(9): 3751–3758.
793:
787:
786:
765:
759:
758:
749:(9): 3784–3791.
737:
731:
730:
705:(5): 1967–1983.
693:
687:
686:
676:
635:
629:
628:
598:
592:
591:
562:
556:
555:
534:
528:
527:
505:
499:
498:
469:
463:
462:
430:
424:
409:
403:
402:
380:
374:
373:
342:
336:
335:
326:(2): 2962–2967.
309:
303:
302:
276:
145:Pietro Biginelli
130:Pietro Biginelli
74:
59:
31:Pietro Biginelli
19:
18:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4281:
4182:Gewald reaction
4065:
3892:
3873:Skraup reaction
3708:Graham reaction
3703:Gewald reaction
3534:
3527:
3049:
3042:
2998:Swern oxidation
2983:Stahl oxidation
2928:Riley oxidation
2883:Omega oxidation
2843:Luche reduction
2793:Jones oxidation
2758:Glycol cleavage
2753:Ganem oxidation
2698:Davis oxidation
2693:Dakin oxidation
2628:Birch reduction
2578:Amide reduction
2544:
2537:
2498:Hooker reaction
2460:
2454:
2342:
2340:
2330:
2326:Wittig reaction
2214:
2210:Wittig reaction
2185:Hooker reaction
2166:
2147:Wittig reaction
2122:Thorpe reaction
2107:Suzuki reaction
2092:Stille reaction
2027:Quelet reaction
1902:Kumada coupling
1852:Ivanov reaction
1842:Hydrovinylation
1822:Hiyama coupling
1782:Glaser coupling
1592:Blaise reaction
1582:Bingel reaction
1567:Benary reaction
1484:
1482:
1476:
1467:
1363:Passive binding
1283:Homoaromaticity
1133:Baldwin's rules
1108:Antiaromaticity
1103:Anomeric effect
1079:
1021:
1015:
985:
957:
953:
928:
924:
893:
889:
858:
854:
822:
818:
794:
790:
766:
762:
738:
734:
694:
690:
636:
632:
599:
595:
563:
559:
535:
531:
506:
502:
470:
466:
459:
431:
427:
410:
406:
381:
377:
370:
343:
339:
310:
306:
277:
273:
269:
251:In 1987, Atwal
249:
191:
172:calcium channel
70:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4344:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4326:Name reactions
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4187:Hantzsch ester
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4097:Banert cascade
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4036:Prato reaction
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3128:Banert cascade
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3048:Rearrangement
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3038:Zinin reaction
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3008:Wacker process
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2783:Hydrogenolysis
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2733:Étard reaction
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2638:Bosch reaction
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2543:Organic redox
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2375:Esterification
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2152:Wurtz reaction
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:Prins reaction
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1837:Hydrocyanation
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1807:Henry reaction
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1507:Aldol reaction
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1481:Carbon-carbon
1478:
1477:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1458:Zaitsev's rule
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1403:Steric effects
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1055:Redox reaction
1052:
1047:
1042:
1040:Polymerization
1037:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1006:
999:
991:
984:
983:
972:(4): 507–520.
951:
922:
887:
852:
816:
788:
760:
732:
688:
630:
593:
557:
529:
500:
464:
457:
425:
404:
375:
368:
337:
304:
270:
268:
265:
248:
245:
190:
187:
168:pharmaceutical
149:Brønsted acids
80:
79:
76:
75:
68:
61:
60:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
38:
37:Reaction type
34:
33:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4343:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:Herz reaction
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3898:Cycloaddition
3895:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3743:Isay reaction
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3638:Cycloaddition
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3533:Ring forming
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Rupe reaction
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2823:Ley oxidation
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:Hydroxylation
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Hydrogenation
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2713:DNA oxidation
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Deoxygenation
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:Aromatization
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Reed reaction
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:bond forming
2337:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:Cope reaction
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1957:Nef synthesis
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1932:Methylenation
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:Heck reaction
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:bond forming
1479:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:Y-aromaticity
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:Walsh diagram
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Taft equation
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1388:ÎŁ-aromaticity
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1313:Marcus theory
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1288:HĂĽckel's rule
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1243:Evelyn effect
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:Electron-rich
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:Bema Hapothle
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
993:
992:
989:
979:
975:
971:
968:
967:
962:
955:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:
926:
917:
912:
908:
904:
903:
898:
891:
882:
877:
873:
869:
868:
863:
856:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
829:
828:
827:J. Org. Chem.
820:
812:
808:
804:
801:
800:
792:
784:
780:
776:
773:
772:
764:
756:
752:
748:
745:
744:
736:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
692:
684:
680:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
634:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
606:
605:J. Med. Chem.
597:
589:
585:
581:
577:
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512:J. Org. Chem.
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293:: 1317–1319.
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36:
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32:
29:
26:
25:
20:
3572:
3238:Ene reaction
2598:Autoxidation
2459:Degradation
2350:Azo coupling
2127:Ugi reaction
1727:Ene reaction
1576:
1527:Alkynylation
1378:Polyfluorene
1373:Polar effect
1238:Electrophile
1153:Bredt's rule
1123:Baird's rule
1093:Alpha effect
969:
964:
954:
940:(26): 4569.
937:
931:
925:
906:
902:Heterocycles
900:
890:
871:
867:Heterocycles
865:
855:
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648:
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608:
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574:(1): 49–51.
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518:(10): 3454.
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170:industry as
165:
142:
125:
118:
116:benzaldehyde
107:
100:
96:
85:
83:
72:RXNO:0000236
67:ontology ID
47:Identifiers
27:Named after
1737:Ethenolysis
1383:Ring strain
1353:Nucleophile
1178:Clar's rule
1118:Aromaticity
386:Tetrahedron
348:Org. React.
161:solid-phase
153:Lewis acids
4300:Categories
4021:Ozonolysis
3548:Annulation
2898:Ozonolysis
1017:Topics in
481:(2): 385.
458:0471264180
369:0471264180
267:References
257:Atul Kumar
174:blockers,
159:. Several
151:and/or by
110:, an aryl
3535:reactions
3050:reactions
2545:reactions
2461:reactions
2343:reactions
1485:reactions
719:0022-2623
665:1948-5875
443:: 1–116.
114:(such as
1428:Vinylogy
1098:Annulene
1045:Reagents
847:11671828
727:26824742
683:24900602
588:10636241
495:93287161
112:aldehyde
1088:A value
674:4027370
625:1387168
121:), and
99:)-ones
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354:: 88.
253:et al.
491:S2CID
103:from
88:is a
843:PMID
723:PMID
715:ISSN
679:PMID
661:ISSN
621:PMID
584:PMID
453:ISBN
417:ISBN
364:ISBN
123:urea
84:The
974:doi
942:doi
911:doi
876:doi
835:doi
807:doi
779:doi
751:doi
707:doi
669:PMC
653:doi
613:doi
576:doi
548:doi
520:doi
483:doi
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356:doi
328:doi
295:doi
261:via
65:RSC
4302::
970:16
963:.
938:48
936:.
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841:.
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97:H
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