380:, moving to Allenscomb's Cave in the 1760s. Recent research has, however, cast doubt on the identification of Mad Allen's Hole with Allenscomb's Cave. Unlike the cave in Carden Park, no material dating to the 18th century has been discovered at Bickerton, and the name "Mad Allen's Hole" originated in the late 19th century, when the cave was occupied by an eccentric known as Mad Allen. In the early 19th century, the Bloody Bones caves on the northerly hill were occupied by brigands, who terrorised the surrounding countryside, stealing cheese from local farms and plundering graves, as well as selling sand for cleaning. Seven were captured and executed in around 1834.
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935:, runs over the top of the two hills, and there are several other public footpaths and a network of waymarked permissive paths. A total of 8500 walkers on the Sandstone Trail were recorded by the National Trust between January and March 2006, and the trust has estimated that 8000 dog walks occur annually within the Bickerton Hill SSSI. The longer of the two Sandstone Trail Races, organised by Deeside Orienteering Club in early October, goes over the two hills, starting from Duckington and following part of the Sandstone Trail.
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438:. The southern part of the ridge, including both Bickerton Hills, has been designated an Area of Special County Value. The ridge line continues north–south over the northerly Bickerton Hill, turning approximately 30° to the west over the southerly hill. The two hills are separated by a valley through which the A534 runs. The nearest settlements are (anti-clockwise from the south) Duckington, Brown Knowl, Fuller's Moor,
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the intervening col. It also extends over Cuckoo Rock, a lower area to the west of the southern high point, which lies to the south of the hamlet of Brown Knowl. It excludes the southwest of the hill, including part of Hether Wood as well as an area of farmland. A total of 117 hectares (290 acres) of the southerly hill, covering 90% of the SSSI, are owned and managed by the
National Trust.
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been removing trees, scrub and bracken from the site, as the roots damage the earthworks. Animal burrows are another threat, and footpath erosion from visitors is also a problem, as the
Sandstone Trail cuts across the earthworks. There is another Maiden Castle which is an Iron Age hill fort 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) south west of Dorchester, in the English county of Dorset.
403:. The heathland of the southerly hill went unmanaged from the 1940s until 1983, when 66 hectares (160 acres) of land were acquired by the National Trust; the trust's holding was extended by 51 hectares (130 acres) in 1991. Much of the southerly hill and the western escarpment of the northerly hill were notified as two separate Sites of Special Scientific Interest in 1979.
980:; cycling is prohibited and horse riding requires a permit on the land owned by the National Trust. Camping and overnight parking are prohibited. Interpretation includes National Trust information boards in the two car parks, Sandstone Trail information boards at multiple points along the trail, and several interpretative signs.
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trees from heathland areas. Grazing with cattle is employed in summer. Tree clearance, has, however, resulted in conflict between the trust and a local residents group, Friends of
Bickerton Hill, which organised a protest on the hill in October 2008 against tree felling, especially in the picturesque Cuckoo Rock Valley.
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as in an unfavourable but recovering condition in 2005. Management of the area by the
National Trust has aimed, since 1992, to promote heathland regeneration by preventing encroachment by birches, scrub and bracken. Strategies used include bracken rolling, clearing birch scrub and removing some older
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woods and heathland of the southerly hill has been designated a Site of
Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). With the exception of several areas of farmland and former quarries, the SSSI covers the northmost (Kitty Stone) high point and the Maiden Castle area of the southern high point, together with
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Copper mining at
Bickerton was first recorded in 1696. The mine was owned by the Egerton family of Oulton, with eight miners being employed between 1696 and 1698. There were six shafts, one of which was deepened to 156 feet (48 m) in 1807. The mines were worked intermittently until 1906. A rare
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The site is well preserved despite quarrying of the area during the 17th to early 20th centuries, as well as military training exercises during the 20th century. The remaining earthworks have been designated a
Scheduled Monument, and the site is owned by the National Trust. Since 2009, the trust has
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The remains of an Iron Age promontory hill fort, Maiden Castle, are located on the southernmost summit of the southerly hill at an elevation of 212 metres. Maiden Castle dates from around 600 BC and is the most southerly of the seven hill forts in
Cheshire. The double line of earth ramparts are
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The steeply sloping west flank of the northerly hill is clothed with conifer plantation and mixed woodland, which is managed for pheasant shooting. The summit plateau and gently sloping east flank have a mixture of pasture, arable land and plantation. The soils of the southerly hill are acidic and
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The lowland heath habitat (heathland below 300 metres elevation) of
Bickerton Hill is considered particularly valuable. Lowland heath is an internationally scarce habitat that is rare within Cheshire; a survey in 1995 found only 60 Ha in the administrative county. Bickerton Hill is the
892:, and encompasses the hill's western escarpment, stretching from immediately west of Droppingstone Well, through Raw Head and Musket's Hole, and into Tower Wood. The land is owned by the Bolesworth Estate, and is managed for pheasant shooting, with conifer plantation and mixed woodland.
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period around 250 million years ago. The sandstones are exposed forming extensive crags on the west flank of the northerly hill, as well as in smaller areas of the southerly hill. There are several natural caves. The two-storey cave known as Mad Allen's Hole (on the southerly hill at
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Quarrying also took place at various sites on the hills, including Maiden Castle from the 17th century. Sandstone was extracted for building, and sand for use as a scouring agent. An iron rock-splitting wedge dating from the 17th century was found during excavations of Maiden Castle.
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still visible, forming a semicircle that encloses an area of 1.3 acres (5,300 m) adjacent to the cliff edge. The enclosure has a single entrance at the east side with inturned defensive banks. Archaeological investigations have shown that both ramparts are strengthened by
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Mad Allen's Hole, a cave on the southerly
Bickerton Hill, is believed by some to be the location of "Allenscomb's Cave" in which John Harris, "the English Hermit", lived for 46 years in the 18th century. According to a pamphlet of 1809, Harris was a man of property from
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under the Raw Head ridge to Droppingstone Farm. Goldford Lane, Old Coach Road, Hall Lane, Brown Knowl Lane and Reading Room Lane run around the southerly hill; Sandy Lane runs from Brown Knowl to the edge of the Cuckoo Rock area. Two free car parks, at
352:. The flue of a pumping engine that was used to drain the mine, it dates from the early 19th century and is a grade-II-listed building. The remains of adjacent mining buildings were still standing in around 1920. The Copper Mine public house at nearby
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Phillips & Phillips, pp. 52–53. Accumulated temperature is defined as the total degrees Celsius in a growing season by which average daily temperatures exceed 5.6 °C (the minimum necessary for grass growth); measurements refer to
410:, immediately south of the southerly hill. The Sandstone Trail Race was launched three years later. A 2008 proposal to construct a 60-metre wind-monitoring mast adjacent to Bickerton Hill met with local protest, and was rejected by
247:" type, consisting of a circular enclosure with a narrow enclosed entrance. Two flint artefacts have been found on the southern hill: a leaf-shaped flint of unknown date and a Bronze Age arrowhead. A Bronze Age burial mound of the
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513:) has an entrance partially blocked by boulders and is accessible via a circular hole at the rear. The Queen's Parlour, a large triple-chambered cave directly under the Raw Head trig point, might be partially quarried.
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in 2008. The rock was generally well exposed, despite local vegetation cover. No damage to the rocks was apparent from tree growth, and carved graffiti adjacent to the Raw Head summit was localised and superficial.
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walling; the inner rampart also has timber strapping. The fort was destroyed by fire in around 400 BC, although the area was probably used as a settlement until the Roman invasion of Britain in the 1st century AD.
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692:), were discovered in 1997, growing on calcareous sandstone at two different locations; this is possibly the largest population of the subspecies in Britain. A few plants have since been recorded at Raw Head.
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A total of 13.51 hectares (33.4 acres) of the northerly Bickerton Hill has been designated a geological SSSI for its exposed sandstones, which provide important insight into the conditions present during the
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483:). The southern (Maiden Castle) high point is sometimes referred to as Larkton Hill; this name is also sometimes used to refer to the southeast of the hill, which partly falls within the
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beds of Delamere Pebbly Sandstone (a type of Helsby Sandstone formation) which occur in the upper levels represent the deposition of larger particles from coarse-grained braided rivers.
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Other threats to the site include the high volume of walkers, which has led to footpath erosion, and the inappropriate disposal of dog faeces. Bickerton Hill is included in the Cheshire
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English Nature: Lowland heathland SSSIs: Guidance on conservation objectives setting and condition monitoring. Research Report 511 (2003) (ISSN 0967-876X) (downloaded from
961:); it requires advance permission. An easy-access footpath suitable for people of limited mobility runs from this parking area to Maiden Castle. The majority of paths have
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of 1375–1649 day °C compared with 1650–1924 day °C. The soil is slightly moist, with a similar moisture level to that of the surrounding area.
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Limited access by public road is available to the northerly hill: Coppermine Lane climbs from the A534 to the east of the summit plateau, and New Lane runs from
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Cheshire East Council & Cheshire West and Chester Council: Interactive Mapping: Beeston/Peckforton/Bolesworth/Bickerton Hills Area of Special County Value
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largest of the four lowland heath SSSIs in the county. A semi-natural habitat, heathland requires active management, such as grazing, to avoid succession to
305:, which was found "waste", or devastated, at the time of the survey, in common with many nearby townships. This is usually considered to be a consequence of
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engine house chimney remains as a remnant of the mining industry. Several caves occur in the sandstone, some of which have a history of habitation. The
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955:(off Old Coach Road, near Duckington), are open during daylight hours. A small additional parking area for the disabled is located off Goldford Lane (
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The Droppingstone Well, immediately north of the Raw Head summit, bears a plaque dated 1861. A photograph of 1910 shows the well in use by locals.
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434:. They form the southern end and high point of the Mid Cheshire Ridge, which runs broadly north–south through Cheshire from Beacon Hill near
376:, who embraced a hermit's life when his parents refused him permission to marry the woman of his choice. He first inhabited a cave in nearby
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The area around Maiden Castle was used for military training exercises during the 20th century, which included digging numerous two-man
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Wilmslow, Bulkeley Hill and Helsby Sandstone formations of the Sherwood Sandstone Group are present within the site, dating from the
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Southern Bickerton Hill from Cuckoo Rock. The southmost high point is in the foreground, with the northmost high point behind (left)
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around older trees, thinning in denser woodland and planting new trees. Dead wood forms an important habitat and is retained.
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period around 250 million years ago. The fine-grained red sandstones which predominate in the lower rock levels represent
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The reptile populations at Bickerton Hill are of particular significance. It is one of five sites in the county where the
459:), has an elevation of 227 metres and is the highest point on the Mid Cheshire Ridge. Raw Head was believed to be a
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Cropmarks near Rawhead Farm suggest a possible neolithic or Bronze Age settlement on the northern hill, which is of the "
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The area is popular with recreational walkers and dog walkers. The Sandstone Trail, a long-distance footpath between
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147:, lies on the northerly hill and has an elevation of 227 metres. Parts of the southerly hill are also known as
200:, a rare habitat in Cheshire, and one that is particularly important for reptiles. A substantial population of
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at lower elevations. It supports a mixture of heath and largely deciduous woodland, with some pasture fields.
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remnant of this local industry is a disused mine engine house chimney in red sandstone, which stands by the
204:, a fern that is rare in Britain, is found here. Nationally scarce species observed in the area include the
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1848:"R511 - Lowland Heathland SSSIs: Guidance on conservation objectives setting and condition monitoring"
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type is located on top of an unnamed knoll immediately to the east of the southerly Bickerton Hill (
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471:. The summit plateau of the southerly hill has two high points, at Maiden Castle (212 metres,
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Cheshire East Council & Cheshire West and Chester Council: Interactive Mapping: Bickerton Hill
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also present. The undergrowth includes heather and bilberry, with patches of broad buckler-fern (
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Like much of the Mid Cheshire Ridge, the Bickerton Hills are rather cooler than the surrounding
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Woodland areas are managed to encourage the development of trees of a wide range of ages by
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Revealing Cheshire's Past: Maiden Castle promontory fort on Bickerton Hill 700m W Hill Farm
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The National Trust: Bickerton Hill: Heathland restoration and woodland management (notice)
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Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland: Cheshire VC58: County Rare Plant Register 2008
185:, a long-distance footpath, runs along the ridge, and the area is popular with walkers.
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The area is rich in wildlife. Insects found here that are scarce in the UK include the
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Ordnance Survey: Explorer Map 257: Crewe & Nantwich: Whitchurch & Tattenhall
2136:(Cheshire County Council & Cheshire Community Council Publications Trust; 2002)
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Tree felling promotes heathland regeneration but reduces the area's aesthetic value
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Cheshire Region Biodiversity Partnership: Heathland Local Biodiversity Action Plan
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Cheshire East Council & Cheshire West and Chester Council: The Sandstone Trail
177:. The hills have been quarried and mined for copper since the 17th century, and a
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732:. The site provides a habitat for butterflies, with common species including the
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The Sandstone Trail long-distance footpath opened in 1974; it then started in
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but was demoted in 2009 following a re-survey; the re-estimate of Raw Head's
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Forde-Johnston J. (1962) The Iron Age Hillforts of Lancashire and Cheshire.
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Heathland on the southern hill's summit plateau, here dominated by bilberry
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Cheshire County Council: A Good Yarn But You'll Need A Torch (30 May 2006)
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Dawson A. Marilyn News Centre: Summary of Marilyn updates since April 2006
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Cheshire Region Biodiversity Partnership: Habitat Action Plans: Heathland
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Birch woods on the southern hill; grazing promotes heathland regeneration
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1999:
Joint Nature Conservation Committee: Bickerton Hill (Permian – Triassic)
192:(SSSI) for its biological importance; much of this hill is owned by the
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Habitats and Hillforts: Archaeological management issues: Maiden Castle
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of the northerly hill has also been designated an SSSI for its exposed
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2152:
Walking Cheshire's Sandstone Trail | Maps | Information | Photographs
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English Nature: Natural Areas 27: Meres and Mosses (27 February 1998)
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United Kingdom Trig Points: Search for trigpoints near SJ 50800 54800
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There is evidence of settlement on the hills dating as early as the
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Deeside Orienteering Club: The History of the Sandstone Trail Race
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Northern Bickerton Hill, showing Raw Head and Musket's Hole crags
27:
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Deeside Orienteering Club: The Route of the Sandstone Trail Race
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Within the heathland areas, the predominant community types are
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predominantly nutrient poor, with brown sands on the ridge, and
1212:"Bickerton Hill", National Trust (sign, Bickerton Hill carpark)
1180:
Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society
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in origin, and relates to bees. A township was recorded in the
43:
1483:
A Walking Guide to the Natural History of the Peckforton Hills
173:, are located on the summit of the southerly hill; they are a
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Revealing Cheshire's Past: Bowl barrow 140m east of Long Lane
970:
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1099:
Revealing Cheshire's Past: Prehistoric findspot in Bickerton
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Revealing Cheshire's Past: Prehistoric findspot in Bickerton
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Vol. 4 (JJ Bagley, ed.) (Cheshire Community Council; 1973)
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Ordnance Survey: Landranger Map 117: Chester & Wrexham
1329:
Images of England: Sandstone chimney to former Copper Mine
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has been recorded since 1995. Other reptiles here include
1959:
Coulbeck B. "National Trust 'dawn raid' angers Friends".
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Cheshire County Council: Notice south of Raw Head summit
1011:
List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cheshire
680:). Over two hundred plants of the nationally rare fern,
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1911:
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Natural England: Nature on the Map: Bickerton Hill SSSI
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Sinclair AGM, Matthews KJ (1999). The English Hermit.
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Revealing Cheshire's Past: Bickerton Hill Copper Mines
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There is no access off the marked paths. There are no
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The site was assessed as in a favourable condition by
196:. Its summit plateau has an extensive area of lowland
2112:
A Local History of Broxton, Duckington & Harthill
1927:
Coulbeck B. "Protesters celebrate Trust compromise".
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A large area of the southerly hill is protected as a
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Revealing Cheshire's Past: Queen's Parlour, Raw Head
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The ridge is formed from a sandstone outcrop of the
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Cave Archaeology and Palaeontology Research Archive
949:(Pool Lane, off Goldford Lane, near Bickerton) and
1943:Coulbeck B. "Trust vows tree felling will go on".
1769:Natural England: Raw Head: Condition of SSSI units
1755:
1006:List of Scheduled Monuments in Cheshire (pre-1066)
1531:
1448:
1446:
1063:Dawson A. "Raw Deal". RHB e-group (15 April 2009)
759:. Other birds commonly observed here include the
417:
327:mile) of woodland, perhaps located on the hills.
2214:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cheshire
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1836:
1614:Thompson A. Protests mount over wind mast plan.
1245:English Heritage: Heritage at Risk Register 2009
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1222:
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841:
1443:
1356:, p. 43 (Countryside Books & CFWI; 1990) (
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430:The two Bickerton Hills lie south-west of the
2094:Habitats and Hillforts: Discovering Programme
1798:English Nature: SSSI units for Bickerton Hill
1429:Tattenhall: The History of a Cheshire Village
1215:
718:moths, as well as the soldier beetle species
317:. The township included half a league (about
2089:
2087:
2085:
2030:Cheshire County Council: The Sandstone Trail
2011:Natural England: Nature on the Map: Raw Head
1891:
1889:
560:An area of 91.0 hectares (225 acres) of the
453:The summit of the northerly hill, Raw Head (
2060:SREP eNews (October 2007) (downloaded from
1598:Anon. Fight against blot on the landscape.
1352:Cheshire Federation of Women's Institutes.
1308:
1306:
1304:
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1300:
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615:) is also widespread, with some patches of
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2123:Cheshire under the Norman Earls: 1066–1237
2110:Bawn W, Dakin R, Shadbolt C, Bate H (ed).
1973:
1971:
1457:(version 1.0; November 2009), pp. 157, 158
1427:Latham FA (ed.), The Local History Group.
1167:English Heritage: Pastscape: Maiden Castle
2147:Discovercheshire website (Raw Head walk).
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1886:
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477:) and the Kitty Stone (193 metres,
467:is 148.5 metres. The high point bears a
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356:displays mining equipment and pictures.
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135:hills that form the southern end of the
1968:
1896:English Nature: Condition of SSSI units
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1474:
1472:
1431:, p. 35 (The Local History Group; 1977)
1075:Revealing Cheshire's Past: Rawhead Farm
923:Recreational use, access and facilities
348:at the foot of the northerly hill near
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1691:
1522:
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1322:
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143:, north-west England. The high point,
2209:National Trust properties in Cheshire
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724:. Locally scarce insects include the
426:Sketch map of the two Bickerton Hills
2063:"Sandstone Ridge ECOnet Partnership"
1977:National Trust: "Dog Waste" (notice)
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1038:
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543:Sites of Special Scientific Interest
394:
338:
2219:Former populated places in Cheshire
2157:Bickerton Hills and Sandstone Trail
1980:
1319:
601:(wavy hair grass) (H9) and heather–
190:Site of Special Scientific Interest
13:
2134:A New Historical Atlas of Cheshire
1497:
1185:
1128:
755:There is a breeding population of
14:
2230:
2140:
2132:Phillips ADM, Phillips CB (eds).
2114:(Local Heritage Initiative; 2004)
1023:
555:
1630:Ellams B. Wind farm blown away.
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815:have been observed more rarely.
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1455:National Trust Acquisition Data
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1334:
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1268:
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886:period. The SSSI is centred on
1527:English Nature: Bickerton Hill
1274:Phillips & Phillips, p. 28
1256:Phillips & Phillips, p. 24
1123:Pastscape: Monument No. 873503
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418:Geography, geology and climate
1:
1016:
877:Exposed sandstone at Raw Head
842:Current status and management
650:The woodland is dominated by
1679:. Retrieved 21 February 2008
1636:. Retrieved 11 February 2008
1620:. Retrieved 11 February 2008
1604:. Retrieved 11 February 2008
1331:. Retrieved 21 February 2008
7:
1616:Crewe and Nantwich Guardian
1600:Crewe and Nantwich Guardian
983:
868:
682:Lobed Maidenhair Spleenwort
313:of uprisings in north-west
202:lobed maidenhair spleenwort
10:
2235:
2103:
272:
233:
58:148.5 m (487 ft)
2117:. Retrieved 24 April 2010
2096:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
2051:. Retrieved 24 April 2010
2020:. Retrieved 14 April 2010
2001:. Retrieved 14 April 2010
1989:. Retrieved 24 April 2010
1965:. Retrieved 23 April 2010
1949:. Retrieved 23 April 2010
1933:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1905:. Retrieved 24 April 2010
1883:. Retrieved 25 April 2010
1833:. Retrieved 10 April 2010
1814:. Retrieved 10 April 2010
1778:. Retrieved 24 April 2010
1752:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1740:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1728:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1667:. Retrieved 23 April 2010
1655:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1585:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1573:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1554:. Retrieved 23 April 2010
1494:. Retrieved 24 April 2010
1466:. Retrieved 24 April 2010
1392:. Retrieved 24 April 2010
1388:26 September 2009 at the
1354:The Cheshire Village Book
1343:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1247:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1235:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1169:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1152:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1125:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1113:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1101:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1089:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1077:. Retrieved 28 April 2010
1065:. Retrieved 23 April 2010
846:The site was assessed by
106:
92:
78:
67:
62:
52:
42:
37:
25:
20:
2039:. Retrieved 7 March 2008
1545:English Nature: Raw Head
1462:22 December 2009 at the
863:Biodiversity Action Plan
705:
584:
500:Sherwood Sandstone Group
297:The name "Bickerton" is
264:Rampart of Maiden Castle
239:Neolithic and Bronze Age
48:227 m (745 ft)
2016:24 October 2009 at the
1706:24 October 2009 at the
623:), and less frequently
537:accumulated temperature
275:Maiden Castle, Cheshire
162:. The earthworks of an
878:
838:
702:
607:(western gorse) (H8).
581:
552:
495:
427:
388:
368:
335:
311:suppression in 1069–70
293:Anglo-Saxon and Norman
265:
131:refers to two low red
2127:A History of Cheshire
1724:24 March 2012 at the
1651:24 March 2012 at the
969:, but there are some
876:
836:
698:
686:Asplenium trichomanes
579:
550:
493:
446:, Gallantry Bank and
425:
386:
366:
333:
263:
1901:6 April 2012 at the
1879:17 July 2011 at the
1829:16 July 2011 at the
1774:6 April 2012 at the
1569:5 April 2010 at the
1550:6 April 2012 at the
598:Deschampsia flexuosa
2176: /
2035:2 June 2008 at the
1490:30 May 2009 at the
750:small tortoiseshell
677:Dryopteris dilatata
621:Pteridium aquilinum
613:Vaccinium myrtillus
334:Copper mine chimney
879:
839:
728:butterfly and the
721:Malthius frontalis
703:
633:cross leaved heath
582:
553:
502:, dating from the
496:
428:
412:Crewe and Nantwich
389:
387:Droppingstone Well
369:
336:
266:
175:Scheduled Monument
137:Mid Cheshire Ridge
87:Mid Cheshire Ridge
38:Highest point
2204:Hills of Cheshire
2118:
1963:(31 October 2008)
1961:Chester Chronicle
1947:(31 October 2008)
1945:Chester Chronicle
1931:(24 October 2008)
1929:Chester Chronicle
1634:(8 February 2008)
1632:Chester Chronicle
1618:(30 January 2008)
1602:(16 January 2008)
1265:Husain, pp. 12–13
789:green woodpeckers
700:Alder kitten moth
645:Cytisus scoparius
595:(common heather)–
524:soils as well as
414:Borough Council.
395:20th–21st century
339:17th–19th century
215:Malthus frontalis
126:
125:
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2181:
2180:53.087°N 2.714°W
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2079:; 24 April 2010)
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891:
813:peregrine falcon
730:common glow-worm
726:green hairstreak
592:Calluna vulgaris
512:
482:
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458:
432:Peckforton Hills
367:Mad Allen's Hole
326:
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102:
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30:
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1854:on 10 July 2011
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765:long-tailed tit
757:pied flycatcher
708:
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303:Domesday survey
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212:moths, and the
183:Sandstone Trail
179:grade-II-listed
98:
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33:
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2185:53.087; -2.714
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2141:External links
2139:
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2069:on 1 July 2010
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897:Early Triassic
870:
867:
848:English Nature
843:
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707:
704:
637:Erica tetralix
586:
583:
573:and woodland.
557:
556:Bickerton Hill
554:
544:
541:
533:Cheshire Plain
504:Early Triassic
487:civil parish.
419:
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396:
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350:Gallantry Bank
340:
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294:
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273:Main article:
270:
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222:. The western
220:soldier beetle
194:National Trust
129:Bickerton Hill
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967:kissing gates
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852:
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2121:Husain BMC.
2111:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:the original
2056:
2044:
2025:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1960:
1954:
1944:
1938:
1928:
1922:
1869:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:the original
1819:
1793:
1783:
1745:
1733:
1714:
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1348:
1336:
1313:
1292:Husain p. 26
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1240:
1179:
1174:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1070:
975:
963:wicket gates
937:
926:
913:
909:conglomerate
907:, while the
894:
880:
860:
853:
845:
817:
754:
719:
716:alder kitten
712:bleached pug
709:
689:
685:
675:
652:silver birch
649:
644:
636:
628:
625:bell heather
620:
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526:brown earths
515:
497:
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429:
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342:
296:
287:
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242:
230:sandstones.
213:
210:alder kitten
206:bleached pug
187:
153:
149:Larkton Hill
148:
144:
128:
127:
119:
115:
81:Parent range
15:
2183: /
903:from sandy
803:are common
801:sparrowhawk
781:treecreeper
742:red admiral
690:pachyrachis
672:wild cherry
668:sessile oak
604:Ulex gallii
378:Carden Park
299:Anglo-Saxon
249:bowl barrow
218:species of
2198:Categories
2168:53°05′13″N
1017:References
978:bridleways
933:Whitchurch
783:, and the
738:gatekeeper
535:, with an
469:trig point
465:prominence
408:Duckington
254:SJ51055269
224:escarpment
160:Bronze Age
120:Landranger
54:Prominence
2171:2°42′50″W
1418:, pp. 7–8
1405:, pp. 6–7
824:slow worm
448:Bickerton
307:William I
282:dry stone
167:hill fort
156:Neolithic
133:sandstone
74:, England
63:Geography
44:Elevation
2073:24 April
2033:Archived
2014:Archived
1899:Archived
1877:Archived
1858:28 April
1827:Archived
1772:Archived
1722:Archived
1704:Archived
1649:Archived
1567:Archived
1548:Archived
1488:Archived
1481:Bate K.
1460:Archived
1386:Archived
1182:72: 9–46
984:See also
958:SJ501526
952:SJ494525
946:SJ503530
940:Harthill
929:Frodsham
889:SJ508547
884:Triassic
869:Raw Head
807:, while
773:nuthatch
609:Bilberry
522:podzolic
510:SJ503536
480:SJ497527
474:SJ501534
456:SJ508548
444:Bulkeley
440:Harthill
436:Frodsham
228:Triassic
164:Iron Age
145:Raw Head
141:Cheshire
116:Explorer
108:Topo map
100:SJ508548
72:Cheshire
68:Location
2104:Sources
1788:1931–60
1316:, p. 10
805:raptors
797:kestrel
793:buzzard
654:, with
617:bracken
519:leached
485:Larkton
461:Marilyn
374:Handley
354:Broxton
322:⁄
234:History
94:OS grid
1416:et al.
1403:et al.
1360:
1314:et al.
971:stiles
809:merlin
791:. The
769:magpie
688:subsp
639:) and
315:Mercia
1414:Bawn
1401:Bawn
1312:Bawn
820:adder
777:raven
734:comma
706:Fauna
664:rowan
660:holly
656:aspen
641:broom
585:Flora
571:scrub
562:birch
198:heath
118:257,
2075:2010
1860:2010
1358:ISBN
931:and
826:and
811:and
799:and
787:and
748:and
714:and
670:and
346:A534
208:and
965:or
761:jay
647:).
631:),
309:'s
257:).
158:or
139:in
122:117
2200::
2125:.
2084:^
1970:^
1910:^
1888:^
1838:^
1804:^
1757:^
1693:^
1590:^
1533:^
1499:^
1471:^
1445:^
1369:^
1321:^
1297:^
1217:^
1187:^
1157:^
1130:^
1055:^
1025:^
973:.
865:.
830:.
795:,
779:,
775:,
771:,
767:,
763:,
752:.
744:,
740:,
736:,
666:,
662:,
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320:3
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