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Biblical unitarianism

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label associated popularly with William Gaskell, Robert Spears, and the narrowly Biblical type of liberal theologian. He chose the designation of 'Free Christian Church', the title which brought him nearest to Parker and the New England Transcendentalists..... Faith finds its authority either in the intellectual and moral acceptance of some outward revelation, a church or a book, or in the alternative of an attitude of reliance upon the dictates of the individual conscience. To Suffield, the two positions were sharply divided; the older Biblical Unitarian "
135: 1332:– concluding chapter: 'The Death and Resurrection of English Unitarianism' – p. 251: "There are others who even hope to bring back Priestley's theology. They see Socinianism as a potentially important and shaping force in the (re)creation of a new Unitarian theology, one that returns to the old principles and teachings. 1067:
Vol2 429:"Samuel Sharpe, the scholarly "Biblical Unitarian," though he had championed the cause of James Martineau (with whom he did not agree) when the party of Grote objected to making him Professor of Philosophy at University College, spent much of his time in his latter years in combating the new
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To support these arguments Biblical unitarians point to the statements of the Bible that consistently proclaim the unity of God along with descriptions of Jesus as God’s anointed, human Messiah—distinct from and subordinate to God. For example: “One God, the Father," and "One Lord, Jesus the Christ."
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Their beliefs are based primarily on arguments that both Old Testament and New Testament describe a strictly Unitarian theology with no explicit description of God as three co-equal persons of one substance, and that Trinitarianism is a theory that was developed by some church leaders over the course
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has been a leading Unitarian proponent in arguing for a return to Christian traditions. Joined by other theologians, including Charles F. Hunting, Buzzard has written numerous "evangelical" works (from a Unitarian standpoint), that argue for a return to a belief in Jesus as the Messiah". This model
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R. K. Webb "Miracles in English Unitarian Thought" Essay, chapter 6 in ed. Mark S. Micale, Robert L. Dietle, Peter Gay Enlightenment, passion, modernity: historical essays in European Thought and Culture 2007 p120 cf ref 22 p423 "Compare Richard Wright, the celebrated Unitarian missionary, An Essay
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was at Croydon from 1871 until 1877. It was a period of theological strain among English Unitarians. The heirs of the older Presbyterianism clung to a Biblical theology with a strongly Christocentric outlook. It was for this reason that Suffield refused to call his church by the Unitarian name, a
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doesn't support later claims about inter-trinitarian relations . Although this literature points out real tensions within contemporary theology (between text-oriented commentators and systematic theologians) it is widely ignored in academic theology and philosophy, and its adherents are generally
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There are presently a number of small Christian groups calling themselves "biblical unitarians" (or: Christian monotheists or one God believers) to distinguish themselves from late 19th to 21st century Unitarians and Unitarian Universalists. Their arguments draw on early modern unitarian sources,
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as current "Biblical monotheistic groups". He also recognises "scattered congregations meeting independently who are unaffiliated with any denomination or para-church organization", but who might interact via networks like the Worldwide Scattered Brethren Network and the Association for Christian
1027:, James Stuart Candlish, Joseph Samuel Exell – 1882 "Waning of Biblical Unitarianism. Testament criticism, Dr. Ezra Abbot, of the Boston Unitarian School of Divinity, and, as a member of the American Revision Company is justly looked up to as an authority in that department, has published ..." 968:
Vol 3- 1988 p80 "Comprised of two theologically incompatible strands (one Bible-based, orthodox and distinguished from the rest of evangelical dissent only by its conviction that the doctrine of the Trinity was unscriptural; the other heir to the rationalism and deism of the Enlightenment and
121:. Over time, however—specifically, in the mid-19th century—some proponents of Unitarianism moved away from a belief in the necessity of the Bible as the source of religious truth. The nomenclature "biblical" in "biblical Unitarianism" is to identify the groups which did not make such a move. 1149:
Catholic Record Society (Great Britain) – 2000 "Geddes, indeed, dealt a potentially serious blow at the biblical Unitarianism of Joseph Priestley by his contributions to the mythological interpretation of the scriptures themselves, and by his association with the German school of biblical
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There may be small continuing groups of Christian Unitarians descended from the Unitarian churches who look to the works of Spears, Sharpe and earlier. However, in terms of denominations today which could be identified as "biblical Unitarian", the two most visible names are the
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vol. 1 (Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, 2007), "A manuscript list of twelve statements distinguishing God from Christ according to his biblical unitarian theology confirms this association and reveals that it has a heretical corollary. Newton asserts that it is only the Father who is
714:-derived stream of unitarians. Like late 18th to early 19th century unitarians, they argue at length that trinitarianism has no biblical foundation, and is inconsistent with its clear teachings. They also reject trinitarianism as contradictory or unintelligible, as involving 1080:: Volume 27 (1929) "Dr. Gow stresses the fact that the older Unitarianism was professedly a Biblical Unitarianism. Its advocates rejected such doctrines as the Trinity and the Atonement not so much on the ground that they were unreasonable as on the ground that they were 916:
ed. Thomas Clayton, Lester A. Beaurline – 1971 "'Socinianism' was both a flexible body of contemporary Biblical-Unitarian doctrine, formalized in 16th-century Italy chiefly by Faustus Socinus, and a catchword 'used to cover different kinds of unorthodox religious
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2011 p143 "In 1876 (over fifteen years after Parker's death and the year before Carpenter's own death), the English biblical Unitarian Robert Spears resigned his post with the British and Foreign Unitarian Association because of a plan to republish Parker's
452:(1945), does not describe any group by the terminology "Biblical Unitarian", though the tension between the fundamentalist origins of Unitarianism and post-Christian direction of late 19th century Unitarianism does begin to appear in the later volumes. 378:(1883) describes him as a "Biblical Unitarian", adding, "His intensely practical mind, and his business training, joined with his great though rational reverence for the Bible, made him long for definite views expressed in scripture language." 1337:
is a return to the beliefs expressed by Priestley, when he argued for the restoration of biblical faith, hoped for an increased fellowship with Christians, and at the same time, argued from scripture against the doctrine of the Trinity."
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The label of "Biblical Unitarianism" is also attributed to earlier generations than Sharpe by Henry Gow (1928), who even compares this with "Channing Unitarianism", a reference to the still relatively scripture-fundamentalist views of
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1982 "And it was a disagreement regarding the above philosophical principle that caused yet another major controversy between Gwilym Marles and his old Principal Tutor at Carmarthen, Dr. David Lloyd, regarding the meaning of Saving
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The context of the term in the above examples relates to the tension from the 1830s onward between more traditional and relatively scripture-fundamentalist Unitarians and those advocating a freer approach such as transcendentalists
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1950 "But it may be of service to the reader interested in the fourth section to be reminded of the fine collections of semi-Arian and Biblical Unitarian liturgies in the libraries of Manchester College, Oxford, and the Unitarian
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1970 "These four forms of corporate worship have several common characteristics and together may be regarded as typical of Biblical Unitarianism. The belief in miracles and supremely in the miracle of the Resurrection of Jesus is
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1977 p496 "But in the 1830s James Martineau and some younger Unitarians led a revolt against biblical Unitarianism and its dogmas. They advocated a less argumentative religion. They wanted a more refined, romantic and devotional
216:(1914–2000) rarely employ the term "biblical Unitarian," as it would be anachronistic. Those individuals and congregations that we may now think of as Unitarians went through a range of beliefs about Jesus: that he was eternally 1559: 1318:
2008 Page 347 "Her strong conviction led her to collaborate with biblical unitarian authors to create a book that challenges the centuries-old man-made doctrine of the Trinity, the mainstay of ecclesiastical tradition.
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1883 "The prophet uses not the Hebrew word which properly signifies a virgin, but which denotes a girl, a young woman. ... Originally and literally this seems applicable only to the birth of a child, a sign to
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p68 "After they were excited to think freely, some gave up the doctrine of the miraculous conception, from reading the scriptures only, and observing certain things there with which it could not be reconciled."
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Alexander Elliott Peaston (1940) pinpoints 1862 as the year of change from "Biblical Unitarianism" to newer models in England, where formerly belief in miracles and the resurrection were dominant. The entry of
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1940 "The Book of Common Prayer as revised by Lindsey immediately attracted those Presbyterians who had been anxious for a liturgy, and whose theology, under the influence of Priestley was becoming Biblical
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Until the year 1862, the theology championed by Lindsey and Priestley, and perfected by Lindsey's biographer Belsham, had been a Biblical Unitarianism, deriving its inspiration and authority from the Holy
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Polish Socinians: FROM THE POLISH SOCINIANS TO THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTION, Marian Hillar, A Journal from the Radical Reformation, A Testimony to Biblical Unitarianism, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 22–57, 1994
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still exists in Britain and many of its independent congregations are post-Christian. Although the Christadelphians' early growth in Scotland in the 1850s was partly a result of intake of Scottish
1552: 92:. It has been used since the late 19th century by conservative Christian Unitarians, and sometimes by historians, to refer to scripture-fundamentalist Unitarians of the 16th–18th centuries. 2318: 418:: "... and for a time, Unitarianism became the faith of many, if not most, of the leading citizens and thinkers of New England. As in England, it was a definitely Biblical Unitarianism." 1163:"The struggle between Biblical Unitarianism and the newer Unitarianism is seen in the controversy between Dr. Charles Lloyd, Principal of Carmarthen, and Gwilym Marles on "Saving Faith." 569:, founder of the Christadelphians, was equally unsympathetic to Trinitarians and Unitarians, saying that an exposition of scripture clears away a lot of 'rubbish' from discussion on the 1545: 410:
in Unitarian pulpits. However, though Sharpe may have used the term, and later been called, "Biblical Unitarian", he did not set up any lobby group of that name within Unitarianism.
354:"shattered rationalist, biblical Unitarianism — now grown conservative — and replaced it with intuitional religion and social idealism. When Unitarianism spread to the newly opened 205:
There is also historical evidence for the gradual development of Trinitarian doctrine from the second century through the fourth century, culminating in the formal statement of the
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Biblical unitarians claim that history shows that the earliest Christians (especially in the first century CE) believed in one God and did not believe that Jesus was himself God.
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represent the biblical unitarian view that Jesus was an anointed man. They argue against the Trinity on both logical and biblical grounds, and they reject the 'God-man' idea...""
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The term "biblical Unitarian" only begins to reappear frequently in the 1990s in the writings of those associated with a revival of interest in early Unitarian figures such as
2313: 1627: 434:". Walter H. Burgess (1943) adopts the same terminology — "Biblical Unitarianism" vs. "the newer Unitarianism" — to describe the tension in Wales in the 1870s between the 1731: 554: 333: 99: 1652: 1765: 1607: 480:", other names, such as "Christian Free Church", were employed. Larsen (2011) applies Spears' "biblical Unitarian" to him in regard to his 1876 resignation. 398:
and, with the support of Sharpe, a former president of the Association, began to publish a rival magazine. In this context, Sharpe is referred to again by
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Identification of the conservative biblical-literalist strain of Unitarianism is found also in consideration of conservative Scottish Unitarians such as
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Phanerosis: an Exposition of the Doctrine of the Old and New Testament, Concerning the Manifestation of the Invisible Eternal God in Human Nature, Etc.
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for more.) Divergence in the Unitarian Church was increasingly evident after 1800 with the majority following the rationalist views of writers such as
840:"1 CORINTHIANS 8:6 KJV "But to us [there is but] one God, the Father, of whom [are] all things, and we in him; and one Lord Jesus..."" 1839: 668: 1815: 895:
The Polish Brethren: Documentation of the History and Thought of Unitarianism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and in the Diaspora 1601–1685
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use this term to describe themselves, clarifying the distinction between them and those churches which, from the late 19th century, evolved into
1263:- 1984 p. 54 "Harris was one of the originators of the Scottish Unitarian Association in 1813, and a supporter of "old biblical Unitarianism." " 810: 513:, during the 1990s the term "biblical unitarian" also begins to appear in antitrinitarian publications without either 'b' or 'u' capitalized. 2172: 1969: 1190:– Page 54: " Harris was one of the originators of the Scottish Unitarian Association in 1813, and a supporter of "old biblical Unitarianism." 692: 1810: 829:
Ehrman, Bart D. ‘’How Jesus Became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee.’’ HarperOne, US. 2014. ISBN 978-0-06-177818-6.
1805: 758:, Second Edition, 1994, p. 59 "Religious Names and Terms: The names of all religions, denominations, and local groups are capitalized." 948: 1990: 1785: 395: 1820: 1701: 2333: 2046: 1667: 1015:
New Encyclopædia Britannica 1987 p264; same article also appears Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of world religions – 1999, p1117
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possessed of a calm and intellectual rather than fervent and ethos, Unitarianism was always destined to be firmly middle class."
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and Free Church members including conservative Unitarians, members also came from the disaffected nontrinitarian wing of the
2131: 1790: 464:(e.g. Volume 5, 1880), an appeal to the concept of "Biblical Unitarianism" by individuals and churches is rare until after 1450: 663: 358:, its religious fundamentals changed to human aspiration and scientific truth, rather than Christianity and the Bible." 2141: 1800: 1760: 1711: 255:, who introduced the term "Unitarian" from Holland into England in 1673, the idea that Unitarianism was "Biblical" was 2082: 2077: 1974: 1949: 902: 177: 1721: 1691: 1333: 615: 535: 523: 324: 300:. Unitarians of this time continued to consider their teachings as "Biblical", though increasingly questioning the 289: 2308: 1780: 1736: 620: 206: 194:
of centuries, heavily influenced by their contemporary cultures and philosophies. It was not until disputes with
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moved away from mainstream church traditions and, in some instances in the United States, towards merger with
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Christadelphians are more reserved than CoGGC in association with the name "Unitarian", given that the
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Stephen D. Snobelen, "Isaac Newton: His life and religion," in Arri Eisen and Gary Laderman, eds.,
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remained a conservative "Biblical" Unitarian movement largely isolated from developments in
2247: 2162: 2067: 1395: 945: 562: 477: 301: 81: 839: 159: 8: 1795: 719: 672: 530:, with 60,000 members worldwide. Both of these groups share nontrinitarian, specifically 510: 351: 281: 34: 1534:, Revised English Version of the Bible translated from a biblical Unitarian perspective. 2252: 1980: 1024: 596:, Spirit and Truth Fellowship International, Living Hope International Ministries, and 543: 292:, but legal difficulties with the authorities were overcome with the help of barrister 277: 114: 370:(1882) in an article on the "Waning of Biblical Unitarianism". In the following year, 57:
is God's son but not divine. The term "biblical Unitarianism" is connected first with
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American Unitarianism and the Protestant Dilemma: The Conundrum of Biblical Authority
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Science, religion, and society: An encyclopedia of history, culture, and controversy,
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was formed from the merger in 1961 of two historically Christian denominations, the
2267: 1900: 1483: 871: 723: 711: 581: 527: 431: 427: 423: 297: 2272: 2262: 2136: 2041: 1657: 1477: 1440: 1174:"They thought for themselves": a brief look at the story of Unitarianism in Wales 952: 814: 658: 499: 387: 383: 337:(1787) represents a conservative position which held into the late 19th century. 38: 1531: 727: 585: 491: 309: 265:
argumentation from Scripture, as in the case of the Christological writings of
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The History of the Christadelphians 1864–1885: The Emergence of a Denomination
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Although Spears and Sharpe made appeal to the term "Biblical Unitarianism" in
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A Journal from the Radical Reformation, A Testimony to Biblical Unitarianism
442:. A similar example occurs in quotation marks from historian Stange (1984). 2220: 2208: 1775: 1568: 875: 726:, for example, the point that talk of "generation" and "procession" in the 487:, described as a supporter of "old biblical Unitarianism." (Stange, 1984). 266: 85: 54: 31: 756:
Essentials of English Grammar: A Practical Guide to the Mastery of English
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established the first avowedly Unitarian church in England in 1774 at
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The Unitarian handbook of scriptural illustrations & expositions
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List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches
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Lawrence Pearsall Jacks, George Dawes Hicks, George Stephens Spinks
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List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist hymnals
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God the Son: What John’s Portrait of Jesus Means and Why it Matters
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An early example of the term "Biblical Unitarianism" occurs in the
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Biblical Unitarian by Spirit & Truth Fellowship International
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among Christadelphians — who have acknowledged works such as the
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R. J. Hyndman, "Biblical Monotheism Today". In T. Gaston (ed.),
1359: 498:("the Father of English Unitarianism"), as well as Arians like 2314:
List of Unitarians, Universalists, and Unitarian Universalists
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Transactions of the Unitarian Historical Society: Volumes 8–9
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on the Miraculous Conception of Jesus Christ (London, 1808)."
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and delivers a 'quietus' to Trinitarianism and Unitarianism.
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A review of the missionary life and labors of Richard Wright
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A History of Unitarianism: Socinianism and Its Antecedents
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excluded from the institutions of mainstream Christianity.
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General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches
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and others dealt a "blow at the biblical Unitarianism of
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Summa Universae Theologiae Christianae secundum Unitarios
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Samuel Sharpe: Egyptologist and Translator of the Bible
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The Prayer book reform movement in the XVIIIth century
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The Prayer book reform movement in the XVIIIth century
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The London quarterly & Holborn review: Volume 169
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Joseph Priestley and English Unitarianism in America
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Joseph Priestley and English Unitarianism in America
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British Unitarians Against American Slavery, 1833-65
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British Unitarians against American slavery, 1833–65
944:. London: Lindsey Press, 1959. Full text reproduced 198:
that unitarianism began to be labeled as heretical.
771:, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2018, "Abbreviations." 1247:A People of One Book: The Bible and the Victorians 550:as prefiguring and compatible with their beliefs. 1316:The Tyranny of the Trinity: The Orthodox Cover-up 1051:Eerdman's handbook to the history of Christianity 124: 2354: 1065:History of Freethought in the Nineteenth Century 669:Center for the Study of Language and Information 113:was as a "scripturally oriented movement" which 868:The Fathers of the Church in Christian Theology 722:. On some issues they draw support from recent 1475: 742: 706:while eschewing some of the idiosyncrasies of 1553: 648: 646: 644: 642: 640: 526:(CoGGC), with 5,000 members in the USA, and 390:. This conflict came to a head in 1876 when 1560: 1546: 1301:Page 64 "Graeser, Lynn and Schoenheit, in 803: 801: 509:Alongside this historical interest in the 406:, was largely aimed at combatting growing 158:. Please do not remove this message until 1266: 1134:Worship and theology in England: Volume 4 637: 455: 396:British and Foreign Unitarian Association 361: 304:and the accounts of the miraculous. (See 178:Learn how and when to remove this message 914:The works of Sir John Suckling: Volume 1 154:Relevant discussion may be found on the 2334:Unitarian Universalism and LGBTQ people 2194: 1147:Recusant history: Volume 25, Issues 1–2 798: 710:and most of the extra revisions of the 2355: 1438: 1418: 1416: 940:Chapter 2. Mortimer Rowe, B.A., D.D. 368:British and Foreign Evangelical Review 240:); or that he was simply a godly man ( 45:, and from it base their beliefs that 2293: 2193: 2103: 2011: 1588: 1541: 1202:etc., Harvard University Press, 1945. 782:"The Christian life v.6 (1880). P244" 652: 273:The Unitarian Churches (1774 onwards) 102:and, primarily in the United States, 77:) that gained increasing currency in 818:The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia 590:Church of God of the Abrahamic Faith 128: 1451:Pennsylvania State University Press 1413: 664:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 220:but was created by God the Father ( 13: 2012: 1213:The Hibbert journal: Volumes 49–50 695:from the original on 11 March 2017 592:(aka Church of the Blessed Hope), 14: 2379: 1589: 1513: 1277:Milton and the English Revolution 1078:The Princeton theological review 667:. The Metaphysics Research Lab, 616:Newington Green Unitarian Church 524:Church of God General Conference 516: 325:Unitarian Church of Transylvania 290:Doctrine of the Trinity Act 1813 232:); or that he originated at the 133: 16:Unitarian Christian denomination 2309:List of Christian universalists 1432: 1378: 1365: 1353: 1340: 1322: 1308: 1291: 1282: 1253: 1239: 1219: 1205: 1193: 1180: 1166: 1153: 1140: 1127: 1113: 1096: 1083: 1071: 1057: 1043: 1030: 1018: 1009: 995: 982: 972: 958: 934: 920: 907: 887: 626:Primitive Baptist Universalists 621:Unitarian Christian Association 84:during the 20th century as the 69:magazine in the 1880s. It is a 1476:Willsky-Ciollo, Lydia (2015). 856: 832: 823: 774: 761: 748: 474:American Unitarian Association 470:Universalist Church of America 288:was against the law until the 224:); or that God the Father and 125:Early Unitarians and the Bible 1: 2104: 1447:University Park, Pennsylvania 966:Religion in Victorian Britain 631: 534:, and both have historians — 251:For early unitarians such as 2294: 844:www.kingjamesbibleonline.org 538:among CoGGC, the geographer 502:. An example is the journal 438:David and Charles Lloyd vs. 7: 864:"The Church of the Fathers" 820:(2007). Accessed 10-30-2010 653:Tuggy, Dale (Winter 2020). 611:Conway Hall Ethical Society 604: 343:New Encyclopædia Britannica 160:conditions to do so are met 100:modern British Unitarianism 37:whose adherents affirm the 26:, sometimes abbreviated as 10: 2384: 1119:Alexander Elliott Peaston 598:Christian Disciples Church 22:(otherwise capitalized as 2324:List of Unitarian martyrs 2304: 2300: 2289: 2204: 2200: 2189: 2150: 2114: 2110: 2099: 2055: 2024: 2020: 2007: 1928: 1886: 1865: 1848: 1831: 1623:Australia and New Zealand 1615: 1606: 1599: 1595: 1584: 942:The History of Essex Hall 584:and the CoGGC, Professor 578:Biblical Monotheism Today 450:A History of Unitarianism 207:Council of Constantinople 2236:Universal reconciliation 2158:Canada and United States 2122:Canada and United States 2063:Canada and United States 2032:Canada and United States 1936:Canada and United States 1297:e.g. David Kemball-Cook 1186:Stange, Charles Douglas 897:, Scholars Press, 1980, 316:, who wrote against the 302:inspiration of the Bible 228:were two distinct Gods ( 214:George Huntston Williams 2329:History of Unitarianism 893:Only once in Williams, 655:"Trinity - Unitariansm" 416:William Ellery Channing 119:understandings of Jesus 111:history of Unitarianism 2231:Unitarian Universalism 2226:Christian universalism 1577:Unitarian Universalist 1439:Bowers, J. D. (2007). 876:10.2307/j.ctvmd869b.15 466:Unitarian Universalism 456:Modern use of the term 426:into Unitarianism via 362:First uses of the term 104:Unitarian Universalism 2214:Biblical unitarianism 1384:Thomas, John (1870). 594:The Way International 372:Peter William Clayden 331:until the 1830s. The 318:miraculous conception 24:biblical Unitarianism 20:Biblical unitarianism 1872:Iceland: within the 1832:Reorganizing groups: 1526:Christian Monotheism 1303:One God and One Lord 724:biblical scholarship 563:Restoration Movement 532:Socinian Christology 448:, in his monumental 2195:Doctrine and ritual 1424:One God, the Father 1388:Birmingham, p. 84 ( 743:Willsky-Ciollo 2015 720:Platonic philosophy 673:Stanford University 576:In his overview of 511:Radical Reformation 352:Ralph Waldo Emerson 306:Rational Dissenters 296:, who later became 282:Essex Street Chapel 212:Historians such as 147:of this section is 96:A few denominations 35:Christian tradition 2253:Religious humanism 1520:Biblical Unitarian 1371:Wilson, Andrew R. 1348:Brethren in Christ 1259:Douglas C. Stange 1159:Walter H. Burgess 1025:James Oswald Dykes 951:2012-01-16 at the 813:2012-04-11 at the 708:Socinus's theology 544:Racovian Catechism 478:liberal theologian 462:The Christian life 404:The Christian Life 394:resigned from the 278:Theophilus Lindsey 115:denied the Trinity 86:Unitarian churches 51:one singular being 2363:Nontrinitarianism 2350: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2185: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2095: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1924: 1923: 1882: 1881: 1874:Church of Iceland 1497:978-0-7391-8892-7 1460:978-0-271-02950-4 1299:Is God a Trinity? 1233: 548:Twofold Catechism 446:Earl Morse Wilbur 400:John M. Robertson 348:Transcendentalist 286:Nontrinitarianism 188: 187: 180: 117:and held various 2375: 2302: 2301: 2291: 2290: 2268:Flower Communion 2248:Liberal religion 2202: 2201: 2191: 2190: 2159: 2123: 2112: 2111: 2101: 2100: 2064: 2033: 2022: 2021: 2009: 2008: 1987: 1937: 1907: 1897: 1757: 1728: 1718: 1708: 1698: 1688: 1678: 1634: 1624: 1613: 1612: 1604: 1603: 1597: 1596: 1586: 1585: 1562: 1555: 1548: 1539: 1538: 1509: 1484:Lanham, Maryland 1472: 1427: 1420: 1411: 1410: 1399: 1393: 1382: 1376: 1369: 1363: 1357: 1351: 1344: 1338: 1326: 1320: 1312: 1306: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1280: 1273:Christopher Hill 1270: 1264: 1257: 1251: 1243: 1237: 1231: 1230:Robert Suffield 1223: 1217: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1184: 1178: 1172:D. Elwyn Davies 1170: 1164: 1157: 1151: 1144: 1138: 1131: 1125: 1117: 1111: 1100: 1094: 1087: 1081: 1075: 1069: 1063:Robertson J. M. 1061: 1055: 1047: 1041: 1034: 1028: 1022: 1016: 1013: 1007: 999: 993: 986: 980: 976: 970: 962: 956: 938: 932: 924: 918: 911: 905: 891: 885: 884: 883: 882: 860: 854: 853: 851: 850: 836: 830: 827: 821: 805: 796: 795: 793: 792: 778: 772: 765: 759: 752: 746: 740: 734: 733: 702: 700: 659:Zalta, Edward N. 650: 582:Christadelphians 555:Unitarian Church 528:Christadelphians 506:(1993–present). 432:Joseph Priestley 428:Alexander Geddes 424:higher criticism 374:'s biography of 298:Attorney General 183: 176: 172: 169: 163: 137: 136: 129: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2377: 2376: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2353: 2352: 2351: 2338: 2296: 2277: 2273:Water Communion 2263:Flaming chalice 2243:Free Christians 2196: 2177: 2157: 2146: 2121: 2106: 2087: 2062: 2051: 2031: 2016: 1995: 1985: 1935: 1920: 1905: 1895: 1888: 1878: 1861: 1844: 1827: 1755: 1726: 1716: 1706: 1696: 1686: 1676: 1632: 1622: 1591: 1580: 1566: 1516: 1498: 1488:Lexington Books 1461: 1435: 1430: 1421: 1414: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1383: 1379: 1370: 1366: 1358: 1354: 1345: 1341: 1334:Anthony Buzzard 1327: 1323: 1313: 1309: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1283: 1271: 1267: 1258: 1254: 1245:Timothy Larsen 1244: 1240: 1224: 1220: 1210: 1206: 1198: 1194: 1185: 1181: 1171: 1167: 1158: 1154: 1145: 1141: 1132: 1128: 1118: 1114: 1101: 1097: 1088: 1084: 1076: 1072: 1062: 1058: 1048: 1044: 1035: 1031: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1010: 1000: 996: 987: 983: 977: 973: 964:Gerald Parsons 963: 959: 953:Wayback Machine 939: 935: 925: 921: 912: 908: 892: 888: 880: 878: 862: 861: 857: 848: 846: 838: 837: 833: 828: 824: 815:Wayback Machine 806: 799: 790: 788: 780: 779: 775: 767:Randy Rheaume, 766: 762: 753: 749: 741: 737: 698: 696: 651: 638: 634: 607: 536:Anthony Buzzard 519: 500:William Whiston 458: 388:James Martineau 384:Theodore Parker 364: 346:notes that the 275: 184: 173: 167: 164: 153: 138: 134: 127: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2381: 2371: 2370: 2365: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2337: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2305: 2298: 2297: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2205: 2198: 2197: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2118: 2116: 2108: 2107: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2028: 2026: 2018: 2017: 2014:Youth ministry 2005: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1994: 1993: 1988: 1986:United Kingdom 1983: 1978: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1953: 1947: 1938: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1892: 1890: 1884: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1876: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1859: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1842: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1828: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1729: 1727:United Kingdom 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1619: 1617: 1610: 1601: 1593: 1592: 1582: 1581: 1565: 1564: 1557: 1550: 1542: 1536: 1535: 1529: 1523: 1515: 1514:External links 1512: 1511: 1510: 1496: 1473: 1459: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1428: 1412: 1394: 1377: 1364: 1352: 1350:CSSS Adelaide. 1339: 1321: 1307: 1290: 1281: 1265: 1252: 1238: 1218: 1204: 1192: 1179: 1165: 1152: 1139: 1126: 1112: 1102:Peaston A. E. 1095: 1091:The Unitarians 1082: 1070: 1056: 1054:spirituality." 1042: 1029: 1017: 1008: 1001:Robert Spears 994: 981: 971: 957: 933: 919: 906: 886: 855: 831: 822: 797: 773: 760: 754:L. Sue Baugh, 747: 745:, p. xix. 735: 728:Gospel of John 635: 633: 630: 629: 628: 623: 618: 613: 606: 603: 586:Rob J. Hyndman 559:Nonconformists 518: 515: 492:Fausto Sozzini 457: 454: 363: 360: 314:Richard Wright 310:Thomas Belsham 274: 271: 262:sola scriptura 253:Henry Hedworth 246:Psilanthropism 186: 185: 141: 139: 132: 126: 123: 79:nontrinitarian 67:Christian Life 47:God the Father 43:sole authority 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2380: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2358: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2292: 2288: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2199: 2192: 2188: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2102: 2098: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2061: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2006: 1992: 1989: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1896:United States 1894: 1893: 1891: 1889:organizations 1885: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1858: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1756:United States 1754: 1753: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590:Organizations 1587: 1583: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1563: 1558: 1556: 1551: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1517: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1480: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1425: 1419: 1417: 1408: 1404: 1398: 1391: 1387: 1381: 1375:Shalom, 1997. 1374: 1368: 1361: 1356: 1349: 1343: 1335: 1331: 1328:J. D. Bowers 1325: 1317: 1314:P. R. Lackey 1311: 1304: 1300: 1294: 1285: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1262: 1256: 1248: 1242: 1234: 1227: 1222: 1214: 1208: 1201: 1196: 1189: 1183: 1175: 1169: 1162: 1156: 1148: 1143: 1135: 1130: 1122: 1116: 1110: 1105: 1099: 1092: 1086: 1079: 1074: 1066: 1060: 1052: 1046: 1039: 1033: 1026: 1021: 1012: 1004: 998: 991: 985: 975: 967: 961: 954: 950: 947: 943: 937: 929: 923: 915: 910: 904: 903:0-89130-343-X 900: 896: 890: 877: 873: 869: 865: 859: 845: 841: 835: 826: 819: 816: 812: 809: 804: 802: 787: 783: 777: 770: 764: 757: 751: 744: 739: 732: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 665: 660: 656: 649: 647: 645: 643: 641: 636: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 608: 602: 601:Development. 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 580:, along with 579: 574: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 551: 549: 546:and Biddle's 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 517:Denominations 514: 512: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 488: 486: 485:George Harris 481: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 453: 451: 447: 443: 441: 440:Gwilym Marles 437: 433: 429: 425: 419: 417: 411: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 392:Robert Spears 389: 385: 379: 377: 376:Samuel Sharpe 373: 369: 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 344: 338: 336: 335: 330: 326: 321: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 270: 268: 264: 263: 258: 254: 249: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 230:Binitarianism 227: 223: 219: 215: 210: 208: 203: 199: 197: 191: 182: 179: 171: 161: 157: 151: 150: 146: 140: 131: 130: 122: 120: 116: 112: 107: 105: 101: 97: 93: 91: 87: 83: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 63:Samuel Sharpe 60: 59:Robert Spears 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 36: 33: 29: 25: 21: 2368:Unitarianism 2221:Universalism 2213: 2209:Unitarianism 1573:Universalist 1478: 1441: 1433:Bibliography 1423: 1406: 1397: 1385: 1380: 1372: 1367: 1355: 1347: 1342: 1329: 1324: 1315: 1310: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1284: 1276: 1268: 1260: 1255: 1246: 1241: 1225: 1221: 1216:College,"... 1212: 1207: 1199: 1195: 1187: 1182: 1173: 1168: 1160: 1155: 1146: 1142: 1133: 1129: 1120: 1115: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1093:Methuen 1928 1090: 1085: 1077: 1073: 1064: 1059: 1050: 1049:Tim Dowley 1045: 1040:Page 247-248 1037: 1032: 1020: 1011: 1002: 997: 989: 984: 974: 965: 960: 941: 936: 927: 922: 913: 909: 894: 889: 879:, retrieved 867: 858: 847:. 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Index

Unitarian
Christian tradition
Bible
sole authority
God the Father
one singular being
Jesus Christ
Robert Spears
Samuel Sharpe
neologism
retronym
nontrinitarian
literature
Unitarian churches
Universalism
A few denominations
modern British Unitarianism
Unitarian Universalism
history of Unitarianism
denied the Trinity
understandings of Jesus
neutrality
disputed
talk page
conditions to do so are met
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Arius
Council of Constantinople
George Huntston Williams
pre-existent

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