Bhaktapur - Knowledge

2901: 3327: 3248: 3605: 3515: 3046: 2594: 1134: 982: 2364: 2181: 3467: 2767: 169: 68: 90: 2220: 1595: 556: 3479: 3335: 1974: 3503: 3551: 2068: 202: 3491: 7580: 7713: 1760: 3288: 3578: 2469: 1496: 2917: 3566: 3089:), Jaimala and Pata (as in the Nyatapola Temple), a "Chakra", and a gilded metal statue of Garuda, a bird-like divinity. Around the temple are wood carved panels with erotic decorations. It was subsequently repaired and renovated by King Vishwa Malla in 1548 A.D. The Dattatraya Square is also the home to the Pujari Math which was the former palace of the Malla Kings and later served as the settlement for the priests of the temple and 3539: 3527: 3590: 1271: 7568: 7673: 5239: 209: 176: 3128: 5931: 2295:. Most stone sculptures are of deities housed in various temples of the city and their leonine guardians. The most celebrated sculptors from Bhaktapur lived during the late 17th to early 18th centuries. These artisans, whose identity has no been properly known yet, carved some of the most popular stone works of the city including the 2860:. Like other artworks, most literature of Bhaktapur before the 20th century were written by anonymous authors and are generally attributed to the ruling monarch because it was a common practice to mention a monarch's name. However, the names of a few non royal writers from Bhaktapur are known. For instance, two poems written by 3151:, and the temple is dedicated to him. A stone slab discovered in the vicinity of the temple dates to the 5th century and is the oldest such stone inscription discovered in Nepal. It was rebuilt after the old temple was devastated. Many of the stone sculptures date to the Licchavi period. Changu Narayan Temple is listed by 1488:

January 1347, Nayakdevi gave birth to a daughter who was named Rajya Laksmhi Devi (Rajaldevi in short). Nayakdevi died ten days after giving birth to Rajaldevi. Her death triggered a chain of unrests in the palace during which Jagatsimha was imprisoned and he died in custody. Devaldevi established her own rule in

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statue. The height of this statue is 143 feet high and is situated 20 km from Kathmandu, Nepal. The statues construction work was started in 2004 and was completed in 2012. The statue's inauguration took place on 21 June 2012. This statue stands on the 32nd position in the list of all statues by

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by her grandmother but the court rebelled against him after the death of Padma Lakshmi at the age of sixty seven in July 1332 and was eventually assassinated in May 1335. After Harischandra's death, Devaladevi in a bid to gain political power married her son Jagatsimhadeva to her niece Nayakdevi. In

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on top of a hill at the eastern end of the valley. It is 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the north of Bhakathapur and 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Kathmandu. The temple is one of the oldest Hindu temples of the valley and is believed to have been constructed first in the 4th century. Changu Narayan

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When the 8.0 magnitude earthquake struck in 1934, Bhaktapur was one of the most affected towns of Nepal. Around 40-100% of residential buildings were directly affected while 6224 buildings were completely destroyed by the earthquake. Many of the old palaces and temples which were already weakened by

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who ruled from Bhaktapur from 1428 to 1481. Yaksha Malla had nuemrous wives and concubines including Sarupādevī, Karpuradevī, Udayādevī, Jīvalakṣmī, Jayatanā, Kṛtilakṣmī, Sarasvatidevī (among which Sarupādevī and Karpuradevī were the most influential) and therefore numerous issue. He is also known

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in his dream and under their command established their shrines in a particular edge of the city proper. The mother goddesses are believed to protect the city and its people from evil spirits and bad omens as well as from physical dangers. Within the city itself, there are also ten minor shrines of

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the destroyer), was built during the reign of King Yaksha Malla (1428 A.D. – 1482 A.D.) and was opened to the public around 1486 A.D., only after his demise. The exact date of construction of the Dattatraya temple is still obscure. This temple, according to popular belief, was constructed from a

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am) damaged 116 heritages in the city. 67 of those heritages were completely damaged while 49 suffered from partial damages. The earthquake badly damaged the Bhaktapur Durbar square, a significant heritage site included in the UNESCO world heritage list. The main premises of Taleju Temple also

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of Bhaktapur. By 1660, the coalition conquered all the hamlets and villages, north of Bhaktapur and managed to reach the northern city gate. The coalition tried to break the gate open for months before being forced to retreat. During their siege, Pratap Malla installed a stone inscription on a

1746:, which provoked Kantipur and launched an attack Bhaktapur in retaliation. Her reign saw numerous cultural changes in the form of festivals as she is credited to have improved the numerous festivals celebrated within the kingdom. The locals of Bhaktapur credit her as the builder of many of the 7409:

Becker-Ritterspach, R.O.A,Dhunge-Dharas in the Kathmandu Valley - Continuity and Development of Architectural Design, in: Change and Continuity -Studies in the Nepalese Culture of the Kathmandu Valley. Proceedings of the International Conference-Seminar of Nepalese Studies in Stockholm, 1987.

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who ruled the kingdom. During her reign, Bhaktapur would reach its territorial zenith. She is regarded as the first strong ruler of Bhaktapur and is widely known for her military conquest and construction works. She is also credited with unifying the city by appointing many of Yaksha Malla's

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has signed his name on one of the murals. However, many of the murals in the palace were damaged when it used as a post office and a police station in the 20th century and the painter's signature has unfortunately been rubbed off, with only his address remaining readable today.

7549:. (Visual Dharma Publications, 2019). 1556 pages with 2960 illustrations (duo-tone with numerous colour illustrations); 345 x 240 mm; bound with slipcase. Includes glossary, bibliography, chronological table, and index. SD card with more than 15,000 digital photos. 2115:

were rampant and greatly affected the farmer majority population of Bhaktapur couldn't afford modern medicine. Just like the inhabitants, the heritages of Bhaktapur also suffered greatly during this period as many arts and artifacts were stolen.

1520:, Bhaktapur was ransacked and set on fire by the invaders which lasted for seven days and the populace were either killed or escaped in the mountains. Some historians cite this invasion as the reason for the disappearance of monuments from the 1515:

for a week in the winter of 1349. Bhaktapur suffered the most from this attack as not only it was the capital at that time, the city was also in the eastern part of the valley, the same direction the 20,000 forces came from. According to the

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Becker-Ritterspach, R.O.A,Certain Aspects of Design of Nepalese Degah with an Ambulatory Surrounding the Cella, in: Heritage of the Kathmandu Valley - Proceedings of an International Conference in Lübeck, June 1985, Sankt Augustin

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in each of Bhaktapur's neighborhood totaling to about 104. The hitis were made not only by royals, but also by common people as well. There was a common belief that building hitis and rest houses grant the builder religious merit.

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manuscript states that a clan known as Gopāla first settled the Kathmandu Valley. The manuscript further says that Gopāla, who were cow herders, were overthrown by the Mahispāla, who were buffalo herders. Soon, the Kirata King

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where she was welcomed by her brother Rudra Malla. In July 1326, just six months after the arrival of Devaldevi, her brother Rudra Malla died. Nayakdevi, Rudra Malla's daughter became the new ruler of Nepal Mandala under the

2059:. An economically struggling Bhaktapur was unable to repair these canals and as a result fresh water became scarce in the city. The sanitation level of Bhaktapur became severely low and poverty and diseases became rampant. 6724: 1062:

Apart from above, much of the early history of Bhaktapur is largely unknown. It is clear that people started to settle in the Kathmandu Valley after it was drained due to its fertile soil owing to it being a lakebed. The

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was constructed between 1751 and 1754 by Subhākara, Karuṇākara and Ratikara. It is considered one of the most important works of Nepalese art. Just as popular as the Golden Gate is the gold plated bronze statue of

2944:), the former royal palace complex of Bhaktapur and houses the former royal palace and various temples that were built in its vicinity. Although, the Durbar Square of Bhaktapur received heavy damage from both the 1734:

descendants who were living in the palace as fort captains, chiefs of other cities and villages within the kingdom which effectively ended their claims to the throne. She was the first ruler of Bhaktapur to take

1701:'s reign there were several other members of the Malla family were still in Bhaktapur. Two such Mallas, Vira and Gosain Malla, both of whom were older than the monarch sought help from Kantipur and the king of 7614: 1705:, Narendra Malla in a bid to weaken Bhaktapur, claimed Vira Malla to be the legitimate ruler. Likely fueled by Narendra Malla, both Vira and Gosain Malla divided the city of Bhaktapur between themselves and 3275:

in 1934 demolished several buildings that were never rebuilt. Chyasilin Mandap has been rebuilt in 1990 using contemporary earthquake proof technology. The building survived the 2015 earthquake unharmed.

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put the population of Bhaktapur at 79,136 with the population of men at 39,755 and of women at 39,381 and the total number of households at 18,987. Around 90% of the population of Bhaktapur belong to the

2005:. Out of 500 total casualties of the earthquake, at least 200 of them were in Bhaktapur. Around 25% to 70% of the town suffered major destruction, including at least 2,000 homes and six to eight temples. 557: 7400:

Becker-Ritterspach, R.O.A,Dhunge-Dharas in the Kathmandu Valley - An Outline of their Architectural Development, in: Ancient Nepal (Journal of the Department of Archaeology), No. 116-118, Kathmandu 1990

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and Ari Malla and his step-sister Ratnādevī, all three of whom shared the same biological mother protested against the coronation and as a result broke off from the capital and established a new one in

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where he declared himself as its new king. In this way, the kingdom of Yaksha Malla was divided among his sons among which Raya Malla, the eldest became the king of the former capital city, Bhaktapur.

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as both of them have an island in their centre with a temple in it. It was commissioned by Bhāju Kasa, a late 17th century official of Bhaktapur and has many folklore associated with it. Similarly,

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is the only one addressed as the king in inscriptions and legal documents. Her youngest son, Tribhvana Malla who arguably was more powerful under her disappeared from historical records since 1602.

844:, Bhaktapur boasted fertile soil conducive to rice cultivation, making it a significant rice-producing area. Consequently, the city was aptly named after its primary agricultural output. The term 1298:, it was more likely that Ananda Deva unified these smaller settlements into a single unit. When Ananda Deva founded Bhaktapur, it was said to contain 12,000 houses. Because Bhaktapur lay on the 1386:

with its decline further accelerated due to the apathy shown by future rulers towards its maintenance. Some legends attribute that Ananda Deva was directed to establish Bhaktapur by the Goddess

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or vehicle of Vishnu with a snake around its neck, faces the temple. The gilded door depicts stone lions guarding the temple. Gilded windows also flank the door. A conch and a disc, symbols of

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As Bhaktapur became the seat of the government, it also became the target for numerous foreign invasions. The main reasons for these attacks was the internal division among the royal family of

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split into three independent kingdoms. The Malla dynasty is considered a golden period for Bhaktapur and even after its division in 1428, Bhaktapur managed to stay as a wealthy and a powerful

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was brought into Bhaktapur and was eventually married to Rajalladevi Malla in January 1355. After Devaladevi died in 1366, Rajalladevi and her king consort Jayasthiti Malla took control of

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canals that provided fresh water was never repaired and sanitation level was very low. Due to extremely high population density and low sanitation, the city became extremely unhygienic as

2051:. The 1934 earthquake also damaged the physical infrastructure of the town and most of the inhabitants were unable to rebuild their houses properly. The earthquake permanently damaged the 7370: 1880:

released decree cancelling the festival that year, a first time where the festival was cancelled. Eventually, the sieges proved unsuccessful and the coalition were forced to retreat.

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height in the world. It has been made of copper, cement, zinc and steel. To make this gigantic structure possible there were many professional workers and statue makers from India.

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a type of yogurt made from buffalo milk being the most popular. Bhaktapur's potters and handicraft industries are also known nationwide. Due to its well preserved medieval nature,

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saw a big rise in urbanization and population. However, Bhaktapur was farther away from the capital and was left out from the development that occurred in the other cities of the

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under a singular monarch. It is said that Jayasthiti Malla brought Brahmins from Mithila and South India and under their recommendation, revived and improved the already present

7609: 703:, Bhaktapur remained largely isolated from other parts of Nepal which led to stagnation in the development of its economy and arts and to allowed it to remain as a homogeneous 1055:

from the east and his resting place has been made into a shrine where the people of Bhaktapur make a pilgrimage to every year during late winter and before the festival of

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were built and managed by Tulā Rāni, a mythical queen who is believed to have lived in Bhaktapur during the Licchavi dynasty. In folklore, Tulā Rāni made and repaired the

2123:, the city's physical infrastructure and heritage sites were all revitalized. Tourism started to became a major source for Bhaktapur's economy. A political party named 2713:

in the Bhaktapur dialect means "drool". Terminologies relating to traditional musical instruments are also different between the two dialects. In a lot of words, the "

1427:, they used Malla as their surname replacing their ancestral surname, Deva. When the conflictions between both houses worsened, the House of Tripura sought help from 3908: 3003:

and shrines the tantric goddess Siddhi Lakshmi, the personal deity of the royal couple. Under the shadow of Nyatapola stands the three storey temple associated with

2651:. Sattal are almost always multi storied public buildings which serves as a shrine for a deity and in the past was used as a habitation for pilgrims and travelers. 1697:

would repeatedly take oaths from the Taleju shrine of the Bhaktapur palace. Yaksha Malla's large number of descendants meant that even during his great grandson –

1358:, both of which were established before Bhaktapur. However, in Bhaktapur, there are nine Matrikas instead of the traditional eight and the shrine of ninth goddess, 2384:

water supply system which once supplied water from the surroundings hills into the heart of the cities of the valley. These fountains are carved in the form of a

2256:, wooden struts depicted multi armed Hindu deities. This transformation was not viewed fondly by all scholars citing the loss of elegance in later wooden struts. 5902:

Sketches from Nipal, historical and descriptive, with anecdotes of the court life and wild sports of the country in the time of Maharaja Jang Bahadur, G. C. B.;

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as a sort of water supply during a fire. These ponds also have cultural and religious significance, along with agricultural ones. For instance, Kamal Pokhari (

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conquered the valley and established his own Kirānta dynasty. Although no direct proof of the existence of the first three ruling dynasties as mentioned in the

4098: 1899:, who succeeded him in 1696 is likely the most popular ruler from Bhaktapur because of the numerous construction works that took place during his reign. The 3068:=𑐟𑐔𑐥𑐵𑐮) is one of the oldest monument of the town. The Dattatraya Square consists of the three-story pagoda-style Dattatraya Temple, dedicated to Guru 1528:

dynasty. After the invasion, which destroyed much of the city, Bhaktapur was entirely rebuilt under Devaldevi, who like Ananda Deva, did so on the basis of

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mention Tulasi Lohankami as the leader of thirty sculptors, so it is likely that his group may have been the one responsible for all aforementioned works.

1314:. Bhaktapur was chosen as the new capital mostly because of its geography. It is situated on top of a small hill and the hill itself is surrounded by the 67: 3050: 6820: 2410:

whose spouts face eastwards, of which there are 18, hold religious significance to the locals as it is considered pious to bathe in these spouts during

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The hiti water supply system was developed in the Licchavi dynasty and Bhaktapur's oldest hitis also date from the period. Today, there is at least one

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further exacerbated the situation. Bhaktapur's economy and infrastructure would only improve from the 1980s, largely due to tourism and aid provided by

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https://web.archive.org/web/20150716231329/http://www.ekantipur.com/2015/05/08/capital/april-25-quake-damages-116-heritages-in-bhaktapur/404994.html

2900: 2414:. This practice has gone extinct today as most of these spouts do not work any longer as the canals that supplied them has been lost to time. These 770:

due to presence of over 200 types of traditional dances, most of which are masked dances and expect for a few, are a part of the annual carnival of

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palace which houses the National Art Gallery, one of the first museum of Nepal, the stone temple of Vatsala Devi and Siddhi Lakshmi. The temple of

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was built, it completely bypassed the city and instead ran through the outskirts. Bhaktapur was the poorest city of Nepal in the 20th century. The

5709:"Seismic vulnerability of vernacular Newari buildings in Nepal: observations and analysis of damage due to 1934, 1988, 2011, and 2015 earthquakes" 1934:

After its defeat in 1769, Bhaktapur lost most of its political and cultural importance to Kathmandu and Lalitpur, the capital of the newly formed

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Becker-Ritterspach, R.O.A,Golden Peaks and Tinkling Bells: Gilt Metal Craft in Kathmandu Valley Architecture, in: Marg, Vol.62 No.1, Mumbai 2010:

4729: 7320: 2616:. Usually, they are attached to an existing building or free standing with their front façade colonnaded with widely spaced wooden posts. These 7426:

Dhakal, Suresh, and Sanjeev Pokharel. 2009. "Local Movements, Political Processes and Transformation: A Case Study of Bhaktapur Municipality."

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The economy of Bhaktapur which had already been struggling after losing the flow of Tibetan traders was greatly crippled by the earthquakes of

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Becker-Ritterspach, R.O.A,Two Nepalese Shrines of the Saha-Period with Eclectic Characteristics, in: Artibus Asiae, Vol. LIV. 1/2, Zürich 1994

3604: 3828:. International Conference in Water, Environment and Climate Change, Knowledge Sharing and Partnership (10-12 April 2018). Kathmandu, Nepal. 3326: 237: 7641: 950:, after witnessing the numerous temples in the city and the devotion of the locals towards it, decreed that the city should be referred as 6787: 1551:

and under their reign Nepal experienced a period of stability and cultural as well as economic growth. Jayasthiti Malla defeated warring

746:, it forms the tourism center of Bhaktapur. The city is also famous for its numerous festivals and carnivals like the spring festival of 7229: 5846:

Haaland, Ane: Bhaktapur, A Town Changing. Analysis of a development project's influence on social change in a medieval society in Nepal

1306:, its size and population continued to grow up to 12,000 houses by the 12th century. Ananda Deva also established a royal court named 1146: 912: 821: 1000:

states that the entire valley and as such Bhaktapur itself was once an enormous lake. Geological surveys conducted by Swiss geologist

754:(or Gai jatra) both of which are significant part of the local culture and contribute well to tourism. Bhaktapur is also called the " 6531: 6247: 3466: 1032:

and between 30,000 and 15,000 years, most of the valley was drained. In folklore, the credit of draining the valley is given to the

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is still preserved in the National Archives of Nepal. He was active from 1604 to 1611 and both of his remaining works are romantic

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spoken in Bhaktapur and its environs. Generally, the vocabulary is similar to that of the standard dialect (standard refers to the

2252:, the forest fairies or deities in a similar pose. Four armed deities began appearing since the 16th century and by the end of the 1619:

to have fortified his capital, Bhaktapur with moats, defensive walls and eight city gates which correspond with the shrines of the

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Becker-Ritterspach, R.O.A,The Nyatapola Temple of Bhaktapur - A Mark of Nepalese Temple Design, in: Marg, Vol.49 No.4, Mumbai 1998

5009: 3768: 3093:. Today, the Pujari Math has been converted into a Woodcraft and Bronze Museum. The Pujari Matha is mostly noted for its artistic 168: 2032:

were completely destroyed in the earthquakes and many of them were never restored and the few that were, were reconstructed in a

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from 1146 to 1167 is credited to have established the city of Bhaktapur. Since there were already settlements in Bhaktapur like

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and under her command established the city of Bhaktapur. The chronicle further states that Ananda Deva was addressed by the

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river in the south and the Kasan river in the north, making it easier to defend during a foreign invasion. The royal court,

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Becker-Ritterspach, R.O.A,Water Conduits in the Kathmandu Valley, Munshriram Manoharlal Publishers, Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi 1995

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who are among the most popular historical authors, the former mostly remembered for his plays and the later for her poems.

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Tourist captures terrifying moment earthquake strikes Bhaktapur, Leon Siciliano, video source APTN6:25PM BST 30 April 2015

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Bhaktapur, A Town Changing. Analysis of a development project's influence on social change in a medieval society in Nepal.

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declared himself the king. Similarly, Raṇa Malla shared a same biological mother Rana Malla broke off from the capital to

1346:) on the edges of the city proper. Because of these eight shrines surrounding the city, Bhaktapur is regarded as a sacred 7393:

Becker-Ritterspach, R.O.A, Urban Renewal: The Restoration of Bhaktapur, in: UNASYLVA der FAO/UN vol.30, no.121, Rome 1978

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Bhaktapur, A Town Changing. Analysis of a development project's influence on social change in a medieval society in Nepal

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oversaw the demolition of many of the old palaces of Bhaktapur and its replacement with British style inspired buildings.

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Ganga Devi's death has not been properly studied yet. It is possible that she died in 1602 as after 1602, her eldest son

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single piece of wood from one tree. At the entrance are two large sculptures of the Jaiput wrestlers(locally known as

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has been used to support the existence of at least the Kirānta dynasty. For Bhaktapur as well, the existence of a non-

7554: 6898: 6708: 6690: 6622: 6574: 6041: 5190: 5111: 4911: 4709: 4644: 4217: 2635:, the former royal palace square. Mandapa and Sattal are another type of rest houses found in Nepal. Mandapa, like a 947: 663:

put the foundation of Bhaktapur in the 12th century, it has been the site of numerous settlements since at least the

3478: 3101:(lit. Peacock Window). In front of the Dattatraya temple is the Bhimsena Temple which is dedicated to Bhin:dyo, the 3045: 7634: 7016: 6843: 3418: 2224: 1872:

had gathered a massive army in the eastern part of Bhaktapur, in the site outside the city proper where the annual

1299: 89: 6596: 4109: 1631:. Yaksha Malla's numerous children caused a huge issue in the kingdom after his death in 1481. His eldest son was 1499:

Jayasthiti Malla was introduced to Nepal as a prince consort for Rajalldevi and established absolute rule in 1382.

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of artisans. A few artisans however are known. For instance, the painter who made the murals on the walls of the

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began. He is fondly remembered for the construction of a canal which brought water to the city from the hills of

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as the successor to the throne. His aunt, Annapurṇalaksmi served as regent for him till he turned 16. Meanwhile,

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of Bhaktapur, was established in the central part of the town with the goddess acting as the focal point of the

7330: 7309: 7299: 201: 1390:. In the chronicles under the possession of Daniel Wright, it is written that Ananda Deva invoked the Goddess 7081: 6812: 6116: 5452: 2689:) with some pronunciation changes but differences do exist. The most widely known difference is for the word 2561:. Bhājyā pukhu, located in the western part of the city and directly south of Siddha Pokhari, is similar to 2280:, or more popularly the Peacock window from 1750 is the most popular traditional window from Bhaktapur. The 1922:

by and after suffering a heavy loss eventually surrendered to the expanding Gorkha kingdom which became the

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from the Licchavi dynasty has been recovered so far in Bhaktapur. One of them dated to 594 was recovered in

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and starting from around thirty thousand years ago, the lake started to drain. Plain lands appeared in the

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from their tutelary goddess, Taleju whose shrine was located in the palace of Bhaktapur while at the same

1423:. Soon after Ananda Deva's death, a new royal house emerged from within. Believed to have been started by 7627: 7441: 7204: 6964: 6356: 3311: 3256: 2949: 2928:

popular among both foreign and domestic visitors. The most visited site of Bhaktapur are the city's four

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in southern Bhaktapur is the only remaining infrastructure from the fortification of Bhaktapur done by

981: 3840: 2932:, which all except for one are concentrated on the middle part of Bhaktapur. The first of them is the 2631:

in Bhaktapur consecrated with most dating from the Malla dynasty. The two largest ones are located in

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are in most cases wooden as well and can be found on most temples, monasteries or palaces. The wooden

742:, a five roofed pagoda completed in 1702 is the most famous structure of Bhaktapur and along with the 7702: 6214: 5958: 3042:

temple of Jagannath and the roofed temple of Lakshmi Narasimha are also established near the square.

856:. It appeared for the first time in an inscription from 928. The city was also sometimes referred as 104: 5649:"INTEGRATED URBAN RENEWAL AND DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH ASIA — THE BHAKTAPUR DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (NEPAL)" 5563: 5127: 2207:. Most of Bhaktapur's art were religious in nature and were made by anonymous artists coming from a 1458:

In the month of January 1326, Devaladevi along with son, Jagatsimhadeva and her court departed from

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Getting married: Hindu and Buddhist marriage rituals among the Newars of Bhaktapur and Patan, Nepal

3992: 3909:"Five years on from the earthquake in Bhaktapur, Nepal, heritage-led recovery is uniting community" 3577: 3565: 2805:

after its supersession by the government. Similarly, Ram Sekhar Nakarmi who was a major modern day

2557:), in the local folklore, is considered the abode of Tula Rani, a mythical queen weighing only one 2158:

reports the population of Bhaktapur as 81,748 with 41,081 men and 40,667 women. The results of the

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NEWAR DRUMMING: CASE STUDY DHIMAYBAJA; Origin, Similarities, and Differences.

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of her grandmother Padma Lakshmi. In 1326, Nayakdevi was married to Harishchandra, the prince of

5535: 4310: 3934:"Unasylva - No. 121 - Nepal: urban renewal - Nepal: urban renewal - The restoration of Bhaktapur" 3452: 3224: 2973: 2953: 2933: 2798: 2648: 2632: 2415: 2337: 2312: 2269: 2261: 2212: 2010: 1978: 1768: 1635:

and because of his age, he was crowned as the new king of the country. But his two step-brothers

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http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_106_01.pdf

7205:"Nepal-Democratic People's Republic of Korea Relations – Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA" 7108: 6500:

A Descriptive Study of the Bhaktapur Dialect of Newari, PhD Dissertation by Sunder Krishna Joshi

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Dāphā: sacred singing in a South Asian city: music, performance and meaning in Bhaktapur, Nepal

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Handling death: the dynamics of death and ancestor rituals among the Newars of Bhaktapur, Nepal

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Dāphā: Sacred Singing in a South Asian City: Music, Performance and Meaning in Bhaktapur, Nepal

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Dāphā: Sacred Singing in a South Asian City: Music, Performance and Meaning in Bhaktapur, Nepal

5153: 3235: 3182:, are carved on the two pillars at the entrance. Non-Hindus are not allowed inside the temple. 2761: 2140: 2523:) are located in the western part of the city and among them the largest one, Siddha Pokhari ( 1627:

or wealth, to repair and maintain the defensive walls and moats during the annual festival of

7730: 7599: 3526: 3408: 3338: 2849: 2833: 2825: 2810: 2766: 2550: 2504: 2292: 2281: 2253: 2204: 2127:

was started in the city and it gained the support of majority farmer population of the city.

2017: 1827:'s short rule began. Naresha Malla proved to be a weak king and it was during his reign that 1739: 1525: 1504: 1350:. Similar arrangement of mother goddesses can be found in other cities of the valley such as 1009: 927: 916: 672: 6439: 6189: 4010: 2013:

were heavily damaged. Around 177 heritages were completely destroyed during the earthquake.

7740: 7495:

Hachhethu, Krishna. 2007. Social Change and Leadership: A Case Study of Bhaktapur City. In

4917: 3139: 2853: 1955: 1908: 1877: 1840: 1776: 1661: 1580: 1568: 1517: 1323: 1189:, settlements with a minimum of 100 houses and a maximum of 500 houses were classified as " 1080:

has been found, indirect proof such as place names and mentions in the inscriptions of the

1077: 1064: 976: 896: 888: 700: 660: 648: 644: 7477:

Growing up: Hindu and Buddhist initiation rituals among Newar children in Bhaktapur, Nepal

4730:"DEVALA DEVI: THE WOMAN BEHIND THE RISE OF ONE OF NEPAL'S GREATEST KING, JAYASTHITI MALLA" 4366: 2581:

was believed to have built in a single night by a wizard in 1168, hence it is also called

1783:

reigned from 1696 to 1722 and his reign is considered the cultural highpoint of Bhaktapur.

1047:

from his sword in order to drain the valley so that he could worship and gain wisdom from

8: 7518:

Hierarchy and its discontents: culture and the politics of consciousness in caste society

6539: 4270: 3442: 2856:, a book about the history of Nepal was written in Bhaktapur by an anonymous writer from 2033: 1919: 1839:, attacked Bhaktapur. Naresha Malla died at an early age, leaving behind a four year old 1832: 1804: 1702: 1682: 1579:. Jayasthiti Malla was also the first monarch of Nepal to claim a divine heritage as the 1391: 1387: 923: 786: 485: 151: 113: 7442:

Suffering and Christianity: Conversion and Ethical Change Among the Newars of Bhaktapur.

7364: 7069: 2920:

Tachapāl square on the eastern part of Bhaktapur is also known as the Dattaterya square.

7851: 7650: 5684: 5676: 5264: 4595: 4394: 3889: 3589: 3538: 3392: 3386: 2844:

first began appearing since the 14th century. Many literary pieces were written in the

2790: 2722: 2543: 2500: 2389: 2288: 2241: 2219: 2208: 1967: 1963: 1939: 1876:

festival was held demanding the festival will only be held if the kingdom surrendered.

1624: 1560: 1521: 1411:

goddesses believed to protect the city, which were established by Ananda Deva as well.

1295: 1243: 1186: 1128: 1105: 1097: 1081: 818: 664: 296: 291: 279: 6308: 7610:

After quake situation of Nepal's cultural capital, Bhaktapur, ABP News, 29 April 2015

7583: 7550: 7341: 7326: 7305: 7284: 7192: 7041: 6996: 6894: 6704: 6618: 6570: 6474: 6064: 6037: 6009: 5879: 5844: 5746: 5708: 5688: 5668: 5503: 5383: 5186: 5107: 4973: 4705: 4640: 4587: 4398: 4386: 4213: 3881: 3823: 3360: 3334: 3000: 2909: 2342: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2099:. Bhaktapur was also greatly isolated and ignored by the central powers. When a new 1951: 1896: 1820: 1780: 1772: 1611: 1603: 1331: 873: 6661: 5900: 3700: 2422:, the earliest such canal in Bhaktapur was believed to be built by a mythical queen 2284:

was, for Bhaktapur a golden age for woodcarving, sculpture and the arts in general.

1973: 1594: 1100:

supports the existence of a settlement before the arrival of the Licchavi clan from

7168: 7104: 6868: 5716: 5660: 5297: 4378: 3447: 3143: 3012: 2996: 2905: 2865: 2730: 2613: 2612:

word for communal resting places which has been a part of Nepali culture since the

2574: 2427: 2375: 2324: 2320: 2237: 2200: 2096: 2072: 2009:

the earthquake of 1833 were also completely destroyed. Almost all the buildings in

2002: 1935: 1923: 1900: 1836: 1800: 1796: 1670: 1576: 1544: 1536: 1459: 1448: 1052: 1029: 1005: 997: 841: 739: 696: 656: 640: 617: 589: 284: 76: 2067: 1532:. The layout of the old part of the city has remained mostly the same since then. 1221:

most likely the main part of Khopring. Finally, a third inscription recovered at

887:

as the term appeared for the first time in a manuscript from 1004. Similarly, the

7735: 7697: 7604: 7278: 6468: 6337: 6058: 6003: 5873: 5740: 5593:"Historiography and Commentary on the Nepal - India Earthquake of 26 August 1833" 4291: 3423: 3376: 3345: 3065: 2885: 2873: 2814: 2771: 2686: 2439: 2426:, who according to folklore floated on water owing to her light weight. In 1379, 2385: 2100: 2092: 2076: 1947: 1888: 1852: 1848: 1792: 1788: 1722: 1540: 1467: 1375: 1359: 1355: 1315: 1137:

A 7th century stone sculpture believed to depict a mirror with the reflection of

935: 759: 613: 550: 538: 469: 446: 340: 142: 7511:

Moral knowing in a Hindu sacred city: an exploration of mind, emotion, and self.

7502:

Mikesell, Stephen L. 1993. "A Critique of Levy's theory of the urban mesocosm."

6409: 2577:

was popularly called Rani Pukhu, meaning queen of ponds, because of its beauty.

2438:

was built in the city. The most famous Rajkulo of Bhaktapur was commissioned by

2147:

during the 1850s wrote that there were fifty thousand inhabitants in Bhaktapur.

1997:

damaged most of the city including the palace and temples. In the earthquake of

1474:

died on the way while Devaladevi and her family arrived at her birth kingdom of

1181:

inscription contains a similar message but the settlement has been referred as "

840:" which translate to "cooked rice" and "village," respectively. Situated in the 7861: 5829:

Bhaktapur, a Town Changing: Process Influenced by Bhaktapur Development Project

3396: 3380: 3370: 3135: 3122: 2845: 2841: 2821: 2806: 2783: 2705:‎) in the Bhaktapur dialect. This difference is often used humorously as 2678: 2674: 2660: 2609: 2485: 2473: 2452:

are a type of water tank made out of stone which can be found around wells and

1912: 1572: 1564: 1435:. Thus, both of these kingdoms started interfering in the internal politics of 1343: 1116: 1068: 1056: 1017: 829: 810: 798: 692: 652: 438: 426: 422: 39: 6939: 6515: 6381: 5622: 3645:(For Briddhi Lakshmi's work, see pg 36 and for Ranajit Malla's work see pg 38) 2549:

A lot of the smaller ponds in the dense settlements of city were built in the

2336:

or the Golden gate which serves as an entrance to the inner courtyards of the

1443:'s relation with Tirhut married off his sister Devaladevi to the Tirhut king, 1334:. Ananda Deva is also credited with the establishment of shrines of the eight 1274:

Statue of Ananda Deva, the founder of Bhaktapur recovered at the courtyard of

7845: 7750: 7692: 7499:, edited by Hiroshi Ishii, David Gellner and Katsuo Nawa. New Delhi: Manohar. 7444:

D.Phil. Thesis in Anthropology, University of Oxford. (Especially chap. 2–4.)

6700: 5905:. University of California Libraries. London : W. H. Allen. p. 131. 5672: 5077: 4591: 4505: 4390: 4367:"काठमाडौं उपत्यकाका ऐतिहासिक राजकुलो Kathmandu Upatyakako Aaitihasik Rajkulo" 3885: 3402: 3366: 3260: 3220: 3211: 2877: 2869: 2643:, four on each side. Many mandapa in Bhaktapur have a second storey like the 2542:), another large pond on the eastern part of town is believed to be from the 2229: 2136: 2056: 2055:

canals that had been providing fresh water to the city since the time of the

1904: 1824: 1730: 1678: 1615: 1584: 1556: 1548: 1529: 1489: 1475: 1471: 1452: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1420: 1311: 1283: 1048: 1040: 958:. However, a lot of scholars and people from outside Bhaktapur used the name 727: 676: 668: 252: 239: 7712: 7280:

Mesocosm: Hinduism and the Organization of a Traditional Newar City in Nepal

3933: 1567:

as the language of administration, literature and religion. The influential

1161:

district in the central part of Bhaktapur was also made during the reign of

691:

trade route. In 1769, Bhaktapur was attacked and annexed into the expanding

7780: 5721: 4382: 3216: 3102: 3094: 3033: 3024: 3008: 2562: 2453: 2407: 2401: 2379: 2358: 2273: 2249: 2192: 2164: 2120: 2084: 2037: 1959: 1942:

in 1792 and in his book described the city as being in a better state than

1869: 1861: 1844: 1828: 1759: 1756:

temples of the city but no any inscriptional evidence of it has been found.

1747: 1718: 1512: 1503:

In 1349, Nepal suffered one of the most devastating attack in its history.

1251: 1239: 1112: 1013: 747: 723: 716: 704: 680: 629: 625: 621: 412: 353: 7579: 7247: 7232:[Sisterly Relations Established Between Bhaktapur and Pyongsong]. 5380:

Tellings and Texts : Music, Literature and Performance in North India

5324:"ANGUISHED CRY OF A DEFEATED RULER: A RAGA SONG COMPOSED BY RANAJIT MALLA" 4884: 3015:

in its present form. The square also contains the courtyard of Til Mādhav

2456:

of the city. These are usually carved with floral motifs and the image of

1225:

district in the southwestern part of Bhaktapur mention the place name as "

579: 7745: 7449:

Suffering and Hope: Christianity and Ethics among the Newars of Bhaktapur

7410:

Orientalia - Collana di Studi Orientali des CESMEO, No. VII, Torino, 1996

6914: 4793:"१४औँ शताब्दीमा नेपालमा भएको मुसलमानी आक्रमण पुष्टि गर्ने यी दुई शिलालेख" 3315: 3296: 3287: 3251:

Bhaktapur Durbar Square under construction after 25 April 2015 earthquake

3090: 3057: 2929: 2802: 2729:‎', that is not present in the standard dialect. For instance, the 2558: 2446:

to the city. All of these Rajkulos in Bhaktapur have gone extinct today.

2315:, numerous sculptures in the restricted courtyards of the palace and the 1873: 1725:

and Tribhuvan Malla. Ganga Devi, who was also popularly called as "Ganga

1721:

seized control of the kingdom and started a joint rule with her two sons

1706: 1698: 1694: 1686: 1645: 1636: 1447:. After the marriage, the relation between the two kingdoms smoothed and 1259: 1206: 1115:

is believed to be the descendants of the Kirānta clan and the modern day

1033: 731: 571: 493: 465: 6063:. Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuvan University. p. 62. 6008:. Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuvan University. p. 50. 5680: 5648: 5375: 5185:(in Nepali) (1st ed.). Kathmandu: Pallav Publication. p. 239. 4704:(in Nepali) (1st ed.). Kathmandu: Pallav Publication. p. 177. 4599: 4575: 3893: 3869: 3739: 3671: 3632:

of all hitis in Bhaktapur as published by Bhaktapur Municipality.(p. 21)

2840:

was an important literary language. Historical documents written in the

2639:

is a roofed platform but they are always free standing and have sixteen

1623:. He also made it mandatory for all citizens of Bhaktapur regardless of 707:

city. Due to being isolated and overlooked by the central government in

7795: 5664: 5429:"भक्तपुर दरबार क्षेत्रका जीर्ण, भग्न र लुप्त भइसकेका ऐतिहसिक स्मारकहरु" 5106:(in Nepali) (1st ed.). Kathmandu: Svadesh Prakashan. p. 352. 4792: 3429: 3414: 3351: 3197: 3069: 3061: 2969: 2527:) measures 574×249 ft. The two oldest known ponds of the city are 2457: 1714: 1674: 1666: 1632: 1588: 1327: 1310:

in the central part of Bhaktapur and declared it as the new capital of

1170: 1162: 1154: 1153:

district in the eastern part of Bhaktapur was made during the reign of

1001: 481: 2952:

earthquake, many of the fallen monuments have been reconstructed. The

2468: 1563:

based on occupation. Jayasthiti Malla is also credited for making the

1495: 7619: 7122: 5382:. OBP collection. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. pp. 231–245. 5348: 3595: 3292: 3166:

is deified. The temple has intricate roof struts showing multi-armed

2916: 2782:‎), which is considered to be one of the greatest poems of the 2682: 2640: 2566: 2346: 2296: 2088: 1943: 1868:

in the shrine of Mahakali near the northern gate. During April 1662,

1641: 1404: 1351: 1119:

is believed to derived from the language that he Kirānta clan spoke.

1036: 1021: 708: 609: 597: 476: 6725:"Bhaktapur attracts most tourists among Ktm Valley's Durbar Squares" 4142: 2956:

houses various monuments like the palace of fifty five windows, the

2345:

placed on a stone pillar front of the gate, crafted by a smith from

2291:

survive in Bhaktapur and so almost all surviving works are from the

2287:

Similar to woodcarving, very few stone or metal sculptures from the

1201:

district were wealthier than the settlements around the present day

7805: 7800: 7790: 7785: 7770: 7760: 7755: 3163: 3039: 3016: 3004: 2977: 2837: 2829: 2443: 2308: 1892: 1884: 1753: 1743: 1726: 1620: 1484: 1424: 1399: 1395: 1363: 1335: 1093: 1085: 1073: 1051:

who resided in the lake. Manjushri is believed to have entered the

985: 849: 542: 7525:

History as mindscapes: a memory of the peasants' movement of Nepal

7423:. Bhaktapur: Kendriya Prakashan Samiti, Nepal Majdur Kishan Party. 6149:(in Nepali). No. 127. Bhaktapur Municipality. pp. 11–16. 5078:"'राजा' समेत हुन मान्दैनथे भक्तपुरे, उल्टै विस्थापित हुनुपर्थ्याे" 2813:

is also a prominent author, mostly writing political books in the

1985:

earthquake which destroyed almost all the buildings in the square.

7830: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7775: 7765: 7322:

Bhaktapur Ordered Space Concepts and Functions in A Town of Nepal

4276: 4272:

Mythic and Symbolic origins of a city: A case of Kathmandu Valley

3106: 2892:" are noted for their historical as well as literary importance. 2857: 2431: 2419: 2411: 2300: 2112: 2104: 2052: 1816: 1738:

from Taleju along with her two sons, the tutelary goddess of the

1552: 1367: 1347: 1270: 1255: 1247: 1025: 771: 751: 596:

located about 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the capital city,

519: 433: 5590: 3072:, which is the combined form of three principal Hindu deities, ( 2620:

see extensive use by the locals as a communal gathering places.

2507:

dynasty, in the city. Of them the largest four, SIddha Pokhari (

7567: 7248:"Bhaktapur Municipality, Leshan Municipality of China sign MoU" 6749: 6286:(in Nepali). Vol. 326. Bhaktapur Municipality. p. 12. 5916: 3303: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3158:

The temple is a double-roofed structure where the idol of Lord

3152: 3148: 3077: 3073: 2546:, however no definitive proof has been found of its antiquity. 2394: 2316: 2272:

is considered one of the best examples of the kind. Similarly,

1735: 1690: 1649: 1508: 1480: 1428: 1408: 782: 7169:"Film Shooting Locations - Filmapia – reel sites. real sights" 6813:"Bhaktapur Durbar Square: the best place to make your stories" 3822:

Shrestha, Rajani; Duwal, Sunil; Duwal, Suman (11 April 2018).

3701:"Bhaktapur Municipality; the municipality of world's heritage" 1903:, today a symbol of the city was commissioned by him. His son 734:. Bhaktapur is one of the most visited tourist destination of 7825: 7672: 7589: 7497:

Political and social transformations in north India and Nepal

6940:"यसरी पुनर्निर्माण हुँदैछ प्रसिद्ध भैरवनाथ मन्दिर (फोटोफिचर)" 6532:"Christians at the Malla Court: The Capuchin 'piccolo libro'" 6117:"Talk about Bhaktapur Durbar Square with Om Prasad Dhaubadel" 5376:"8. Text, Orality, and Performance in Newar Devotional Music" 5286:(in Nepali) (1st ed.). Swodesh Publications. p. 72. 4209: 3307: 3110: 3081: 2981: 2965: 2925: 2448: 2245: 2196: 2144: 2108: 1915:

devotional songs he wrote are still sung in Bhaktapur today.

1856: 1812: 1764: 1303: 1177:

should be given more rights for a self rule." Similarly, the

1044: 767: 735: 688: 684: 605: 593: 335: 272: 156:'Creation of our ancestors, our heritage and culture' 7376: 5745:. Centre for Nepal and Asian Studies, Tribhuvan University. 5378:. In Butler Schofield, Katherine; Orsini, Francesca (eds.). 4972:(in Nepali). Nepal: Ratna Pustak Bhandar. pp. 125–129. 3389:, electrical engineer and the first Nepalese to visit the US 3357:

Bhāgirāma Kāyastha (alias Bhāju Kasa), 18th century minister

2741:) in Bhaktapur whereas in the standard dialect its name is " 2139:

in 1769 mention Bhaktapur as a city with 12,000 households.

2119:

Under the Bhaktapur Development Project which was funded by

1752:

and public rest houses within Bhaktapur as well as numerous

1439:. In the 1310s, the monarch Rudra Malla in order to improve 6869:"Phasidegal; the tallest temple of Bhaktapur Durbar Square" 6662:"Bijukchhe's book 'Bhaktapur after hundred years' launched" 4855: 3557: 3520:

Statue of King Bhupatindra Malla at Bhaktapur Durbar Square

2304: 1911:

and is remembered today for his musical contributions. The

1742:

in 9 April 1567 as previous rulers were barred to do so by

1575:

manuscript about the history of Nepal, was commissioned by

1213:

is a prefix meaning "main or principal", meaning Mākhopring

776: 774:(or Gai jatra). It is also famous for its cuisine with the 7435:

The Anthropology of Hinduism and Buddhism: Weberian Themes

6615:

Songs of Nepal: An Anthology of Nevar Folksongs and Hymns.

5478: 2203:

survive in Bhaktapur and so most art pieces date from the

2195:

kingdom, contains one of the most elaborate art pieces of

624:

settlement of the country. The city is also known for its

7421:

Saya Barsha Pachiko Bhaktapur (Bhaktapur After 100 Years)

7230:"bhaktapura ra pyongsong bich bhagini sambandha sthapana" 4540: 4538: 4178: 4176: 3127: 7463:

Ordered space: concepts and functions in a town of Nepal

7437:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. (Chap. 12 and 13.) 7120: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4611: 4609: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 3870:"Bhaktapur: Sacred Patterns of a Living Urban Tradition" 1883:

Jagat Prakasha Malla died on 8 December 1672 because of

1795:

ruled alone till his death in 1613 after which his son,

1677:'s reluctancy to give up the throne for the division of 992:, central Bhaktapur is the oldest one found in the city. 828:

is a combination of two words from an early form of the

7357:

Bindloss, Joe; Holden, Trent; Mayhew, Bradley. (2009).

3672:"भक्तपुर नगरपालिका संक्षिप्त परिचय | भक्तपुर नगरपालिका" 3138:

is an ancient Hindu temple located near the village of

2721:

sound and vice versa. Similarly, Bhaktpaur Newar has a

1958:

was imprisoned in 1847. After the establishment of the

1157:. Another similar inscription from 594, recovered from 738:

with the city attracting 301,012 tourists in 2014. The

7236:. Vol. 203. Bhaktapur Municipality. 19 July 2014. 5794: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5623:"National Earthquake Monitoring & Research Center" 4535: 4523: 4062:"Opinion - Cultural heritage and tourism in Bhaktapur" 3971: 3969: 2276:

are an important aspect of Nepalese architecture. The

1492:

as regent for her granddaughter/grandniece, Rajaldevi.

711:, its infrastructure and economy deteriorated and the 7193:

The Eight Cornered Gift, 15 October 2014, Kapil Bisht

7064: 7062: 5932:"भक्तपुर नगरपालिका संक्षिप्त परिचय भक्तपुर नगरपालिका" 5713:

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions

5707:

Gautam, Dipendra; Rodrigues, Hugo (15 January 2018).

4820: 4818: 4665: 4653: 4606: 4550: 4405: 4328: 4153: 4099:"Bhaktapur the Historical city—A world heritage site" 3956: 3954: 632:

and artisans. Bhaktapur suffered heavy damage in the

6546: 3056:

The Dattatraya Square located in the Tachapal tole (

2535:

built in 1118 and 1168 respectively. Kamal Pokhari (

1374:

was established next to and named after the Goddess

6410:"भक्तपुरमा पाइलैपिच्छे सार्वजनिक पाटी (तस्बिरसहित)" 5804: 5785: 3966: 1950:. Bhaktapur played a small role during the rise of 1012:was being created due to the collision between the 911:was used to describe the city in almost all of the 683:kingdom, mostly due to its position in the ancient 616:, Bhaktapur is one of the three main cities of the 7059: 6438:Slusser, Mary Shepherd; Vajrācārya, Gautamavajra. 6331: 6329: 5403: 5154:"Was there a yeti in the Royal Zoo?- Nepali Times" 4815: 4765:"Devalakshmidevi in the Medieval History of Nepal" 4574:MacFadyen, J. Tevere; Vogt, Jay Woodworth (1977). 3951: 3821: 3762: 3760: 2623:It was considered religiously pious to consecrate 2434:of Bhaktapur and in the same year a new one named 2087:ended and Nepal was open up to the outside world, 1938:. Bhaktapur was visited by Colonel Kirkpatrick of 1803:is especially remembered for his contributions in 1382:has been lost to time, most likely due to various 1282:In legends and chronicles, Ananda Deva, who ruled 930:in 1769, Bhaktapur was started to be referred as " 891:written in the 14th century refers to the city as 809:a term that can be traced to an early form of the 608:as well as the most densely populated. Along with 75:, the main square of Bhaktapur which contains the 7520:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 6888: 6844:"Temple of Mahadeo, Bhatgaon (Nepal). March 1853" 6215:"Hitis (Water Fountains) of the Kathmandu Valley" 5979:Shrestha, Purushottam Lochan (22 November 2014). 5853: 5586: 5584: 4910:Vajracharya, Dhanavajra; Malla, Kamal P. (1985). 4311:"The lake that was once Kathmandu - Nepali Times" 1819:, is considered one of the greatest works in the 667:. The capital place of Kasthamandu was Bhaktapur 147:पुर्खाले सिर्जेको सम्पत्ती, हाम्रो कला र संस्कृति 7843: 6965:"Aesamari Sattal of Taumadhi Square | Bhaktapur" 6636:"\'Rajamati\' script writer Nakarmi passes away" 6496: 4909: 4639:. Asian Educational services. pp. 163–164. 3767:Nepal Government, Central Bureau of Statistics. 2999:, the five storeyed temple commissioned by King 7428:Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology 6326: 5706: 5564:"Bhaktapur Durbar Square - Rubin Museum of Art" 5284:bhaktapura daravārakā mallakālīna bhāradāraharū 4038:"Bhaktapur, Nepal's Capital of Music and Dance" 3757: 3695: 3693: 2232:and made by Subhākara, Karuṇākara and Ratikara. 1431:while the House of Yuthunimam sought help from 1197:". So, the settlements around the present day 7318: 5872:Widdess, Professor Richard (2 December 2013). 5832:. Bhaktapur Development Project. pp. 8–9. 5581: 5349:"जब दुईसय वर्षपछि भक्तपुरमा गोली चल्यो !" 4861: 3259:that struck on 25 April 2015 (12 Baisakh 2072 2924:Bhaktapur is one of the most visited sites of 1193:" and wealthy settlements were classified as " 719:as part of the Bhaktapur Development Project. 7635: 7465:. Wiesbaden: Kommissionsverlag Franz Steiner. 6780:"Bhaktapur: A Tale of the ancient trade city" 6603:(in Newari). Nepal Bhasa Academy. p. 54. 6437: 6357:"Phalchas Much More Than Just Resting Places" 4573: 3798:"Reclaiming Kathmandu's old Newari landscape" 3740:"Brief Introduction - Bhaktapur Municipality" 3185: 2442:in 1677 that brought water from the hills of 2323:. The ledger work of the construction of the 2020:era temples and palaces of the city like the 1966:was appointed as the magistrate of the city. 1258:canals as she is said to only weigh a single 1229:" which was probably a separate village from 7461:Gutschow, Niels, and Bernhard Kolver. 1975. 6309:"पाेखरीहरूकाे शहर – भक्तपुर | Bhaktapur.com" 6250:Bhaktapurama dhungedhara ko vikasa vyavastha 4365:Parajuli, Sandhya Khanal (2 December 2019). 3766: 3690: 2001:, Bhaktapur suffered the most damage in the 1591:, a claim inherited by all future monarchs. 7098: 6141:Shrestha, Purushottam Lochan (June 1998). " 6034:Kasthakala: The Art of Nepalese Woodcarving 5591:Sujit Dasgupta; Basab Mukhopadhyay (2015). 5224:(in Nepali) (291 ed.). pp. 30–33. 4968:Upadhaya, Prof Dr Shreeram Prasasd (2009). 4957:(in Nepali) (287 ed.). pp. 17–22. 4454:Shrestha, Purushottam Lochan (April 2022). 3426:, politician and current mayor of Bhaktapur 3196:Kailashnath Mahadev is the World's Tallest 2717:sound in the standard dialect is replaced " 1020:plate. The lake water started eroding the 563: 28: 7642: 7628: 7482:Gutschow, Niels, and Axel Michaels. 2012. 7475:Gutschow, Niels, and Axel Michaels. 2008. 7468:Gutschow, Niels, and Axel Michaels. 2005. 7319:Gutschow, Niels; Kolver, Bernhard (1975). 7138: 7136: 7042:"Brief Introduction : भक्तपुर जि.स.स" 6889:Gutschow, Niels; Theophile, Erich (1990). 6342:. Tiwari's Pilgrims Book House. p. 1. 5298:"A monument to an angry god- Nepali Times" 5281: 5265:"biskā jātrāsanga joḍiekā kehī ṭipoṭaharū" 5262: 5249:(in Nepali). Bhaktapur Municipality: 9–16. 5237: 5212: 5040: 5019:(in Nepali). No. 262. pp. 80–82. 5007: 4941: 3105:deity of commerce often confused with the 2071:Aerial view of Bhaktapur in 1962 with the 801:, the indigenous language of Bhaktapur is 7109:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t008588 7099:Vajracharya, Gautam (2003), "Bhaktapur", 6995:. Sonali Publications. pp. 205–206. 6187: 5956: 5720: 4970:Nepal ko Prachin tatha Madhyakalin Itihas 1008:was in fact a lake which formed when the 7872:Nepal municipalities established in 1953 7297: 6594: 6564: 6513:Music Diaries Nepal (2 September 2020), 6140: 5978: 5898: 5878:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 299. 5765: 5646: 5180: 4967: 4882: 4699: 4676: 4659: 4615: 4556: 4544: 4529: 4453: 4416: 4364: 4341: 4293:Report on the Geological Survey of Nepal 4203: 4182: 4096: 3867: 3333: 3325: 3246: 3126: 3044: 2915: 2899: 2793:, born in 1882 is considered one of the 2765: 2709:in the standard dialect means "mud" and 2592: 2467: 2362: 2268:on the entrance to the Taleju temple in 2218: 2179: 2066: 1972: 1758: 1593: 1494: 1414: 1269: 1132: 988:language stone inscription dated 594 at 980: 726:settlements, Bhaktapur is predominantly 7133: 6807: 6805: 6684: 6682: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6492: 6490: 6466: 6462: 6460: 6433: 6431: 6404: 6402: 6335: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6110: 6108: 6106: 5974: 5972: 5871: 5842: 5825: 5426: 5373: 5321: 4430:"Renovating Kathmandu's ancient canals" 2908:temple, built during the reign of King 2378:, including Bhaktapur is known for its 2191:Bhaktapur, being a former capital of a 1655: 1362:, who is considered the leaders of the 7857:Populated places in Bhaktapur District 7844: 7649: 7339: 7017:"Bhairavnath Temple, Bhaktapur, Nepal" 6988: 6688: 6351: 6349: 6245: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6183: 6181: 6056: 6027: 6025: 6001: 5926: 5924: 5821: 5819: 5810: 5798: 5768:"Restoring a piece of Nepal's history" 5738: 5734: 5732: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5558: 5556: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5479:"हिमाल खबरपत्रिका | विस्मृतिको बाटोमा" 5447: 5445: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5258: 5256: 5233: 5231: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5176: 5174: 5076:खाइजू, ईश्वरकाजी (26 September 2021). 5071: 5069: 5067: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4728:Sakya, Shaguni Singh (12 April 2021). 4723: 4721: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4632: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4474: 4472: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4268: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4231: 4229: 4212:: Ratna Pustak Bhandar. pp. 7–8. 4199: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 3990: 3975: 3825:Making Bhaktapur a Rain-Efficient City 3255:A magnitude of 7.8 Richter earthquake 2236:Woodcarving is a major artwork of the 1262:or 11 grams and hence float on water. 588:, is a city in the east corner of the 566:"City of Devotees"), known locally as 7623: 7419:Bijukchhe, N.M. 2059 VS (2002–3 AD). 7298:Shrestha, Purushottam Lochan (2001). 6823:from the original on 27 February 2021 6659: 6529: 6031: 5374:Widdess, Richard (29 November 2016). 5247:Nhū pukhū (rānīpokharī) eka jīrṇodvār 5101: 5075: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5026: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4727: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4305: 4303: 4289: 4208:(in Nepali). Bhaktapur Municipality, 4140: 4097:Shrestha, Purushottam Lochan (2016). 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4056: 4054: 3986: 3984: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3791: 3789: 3769:"Results of the 2021 National Census" 3204: 2484:There are 50 artificial ponds/lakes ( 2154:, it had a population of 72,543. The 1689:barred him from taking any oaths and 1462:after it was invaded and captured by 915:, manuscripts and documents from the 549: 375:6.889 km (2.660 sq mi) 7513:New York: Columbia University Press. 7387: 7276: 7186: 7034: 6802: 6790:from the original on 6 November 2021 6760:from the original on 7 December 2021 6717: 6679: 6583: 6552: 6487: 6467:Widdess, Richard (5 December 2016). 6457: 6428: 6399: 6382:"फल्चा : बुढ्यौलीमा बसिबियाँलो" 6290: 6103: 5983:Pachpanna jhyālē darbārkō vishvarupa 5969: 5859: 5597:Indian Journal of History of Science 5549:– via archive.nepalitimes.com. 5409: 5010:"bhaktapurako mallakālīna vaṃśāvalī" 4883:Shrestha, Sabina (29 January 2023). 4824: 4803:from the original on 30 October 2021 4494:– via archive.nepalitimes.com. 4035: 3960: 3838: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3472:Street scene, Bhaktapur, Nepal. 1979 2824:became the official language in the 2091:and the other cities around it like 1954:as its former palace was where King 954:as in "City of devotees" instead of 797:The present day name of the city in 7595:Old pictures of Bhaktapur from 1920 7144:"Introducing Changu Narayan Temple" 7082:"Bhimsen Temple, Dattatraya Square" 6893:. Ratna Pustak Bhandar. p. 5. 6692:Nepalbhashaya Prachin Kavya Sirjana 6346: 6232: 6178: 6083: 6022: 5921: 5836: 5816: 5766:Shrestha, Sahina (2 October 2021). 5729: 5695: 5640: 5553: 5521: 5442: 5415: 5367: 5341: 5253: 5240:"Bhaktapurako aitihāsika nhū pukhū" 5228: 5199: 5171: 5064: 4986: 4961: 4924: 4903: 4867: 4830: 4790: 4779: 4762: 4734:WOW Magazine Nepal | World Of Women 4718: 4682: 4562: 4469: 4447: 4347: 4255: 4226: 4188: 4127: 3302:On 13 December 2023, Bhaktapur and 3268:witnessed damages in the disaster. 3131:Front face of Changu Narayan temple 2240:. Most of the wooden work from the 2228:or the Golden gate commissioned by 1669:is considered a weak figure in the 1535:In September 1354, a nine year old 1169:inscription contains a decree from 1122: 1096:language stone inscriptions of the 675:from the 12th century to 1482 when 188:Location in Bagmati Province, Nepal 13: 7351: 7283:. University of California Press. 6841: 6161:"Three golden kings- Nepali Times" 6032:Meyer, Heinrich (1 January 2017). 5959:"In with the old, in with the new" 5023: 4747: 4621: 4576:"The city is a mandala: Bhaktapur" 4300: 4079: 4051: 3981: 3854: 3815: 3786: 3242: 2972:") located on the eastern part of 2083:In the 1950s, when the tyrannical 1855:and both joined forces to start a 1530:Sanskrit treatises in architecture 1370:. The royal court of Ananda Deva, 1043:, Manjushri is said to have cut a 14: 7883: 7560: 7504:Contributions to Nepalese studies 6750:"Bhaktapur - Nepal Tourism Board" 6569:. Nepal: Ratna Books. p. 4. 6440:"Two Medieval Nepalese Buildings" 5427:Kyastha, Balaram (January 2021). 5045:Bhaktapur talejuma diskhsa pratha 4946:Bhaktapurakā aitihāsika ḍhokāharu 4838:"The Sultan's siege of Kathmandu" 4478: 4456:"Sulamā, Kulamā wa Nandadev juju" 3906: 3900: 3841:"Resurrecting Rani Pokhari Right" 3795: 3719: 3641:Both of these poems can be found 3321: 3227:. Also, portions of Indian films 3116: 2828:, most literature was written in 1598:Ruins of the medieval city gate, 1583:states him as the one blessed by 730:and speaks a distinct dialect of 208: 175: 7711: 7671: 7578: 7566: 7346:. Bhaktapur Development Project. 7240: 7222: 7197: 7161: 7114: 7092: 7074: 7009: 6982: 6957: 6932: 6907: 6882: 6861: 6835: 6772: 6742: 6653: 6628: 6607: 6558: 6523: 6507: 6374: 6265: 6188:Chitrakar, Anil (7 March 2022). 6114: 5957:Bhattarai, Sewa (10 July 2019). 5899:Oldfield, Henry Ambrose (1880). 5453:"मौलिक शैलीमा ठडियो शिलु महादेव" 5331:Contribution to Nepalese Studies 5322:Dhungel, Ramesh (January 2007). 4885:"मिथिलासँग जोडिएको नेवार सभ्यता" 4141:Gaiju, Rajesh (1 January 2020). 3635: 3622: 3603: 3588: 3576: 3564: 3549: 3537: 3525: 3513: 3501: 3489: 3477: 3465: 3286: 3279: 3174:(dated to the 5th century), the 2809:writer was also from Bhaktapur. 2697:‎, "water") which becomes 2311:sculptures near the entrance to 1918:In November 1769, Bhaktapur was 1823:. Jagajjyoti Malla died in 1642 1302:road took by merchants going to 1250:canals, which supplies water in 1141:a mythical queen from Bhaktpur . 868:denoted a village as opposed to 813:The oldest instance of the name 659:. Although chronicles like the 207: 200: 174: 167: 88: 66: 7456:Retheorizing religion in Nepal. 7301:Tripura ra Yuthunimama rajakula 7270: 6617:New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas. 6207: 6153: 6134: 6086:"Mhaykhā Jhyā – Peacock Window" 6077: 6050: 5995: 5950: 5909: 5892: 5865: 5843:Haaland, Ane (1 January 1982). 5759: 5615: 5496: 5471: 5315: 5290: 5275: 5213:Dhaubhadel, Om (January 2021). 5146: 5120: 5095: 4942:Dhaubhadel, Om (October 2020). 4498: 4422: 4283: 4029: 4003: 3926: 3263:, Saturday, at local time 11:56 3209:Portions of the Hollywood film 3031:the Betala temple and a golden 2418:-like canal system were called 2244:that survives today are wooden 2199:. Only a few artworks from the 2130: 2062: 1614:was the last king of a unified 1326:was architecturally similar to 852:translation of the native term 7121:UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 6699:] (in Newari). Kathmandu: 6599:Nepal Bhasa Sahitya ya Itihasa 6595:Tuladhar, Prem Shanti (2000). 6565:Tuladhar, Artha Ratna (2017). 6275:Bhaktapur nagarakā pokhariharu 6190:"Saving Nepal's hiti heritage" 5181:Adhikari, Bamabahadur (2019). 5041:Dhaubhadel, Om Prasad (2020). 4700:Adhikari, Bamabahadur (2019). 4011:"Bhaktapur: City of Festivals" 3991:Prasad, Bardal Bharat (2014). 3832: 3664: 2912:is the tallest temple of Nepal 2895: 1929: 1835:, in his attempt to unify the 1039:. Believed to be a saint from 946:was used until the 1930s when 462: • Official language 122: 18:Municipality in Bagmati, Nepal 1: 7537:von Schroeder, Ulrich. 2019. 7527:. Kathmandu: Martin Chautari. 7458:New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 7068:Destination Nepal: Bhaktapur 5918:. Retrieved: 9 December 2011. 5263:Dhaubhadel, Om (April 2022). 5238:Dhaubhadel, Om (April 2022). 3874:Studies in the History of Art 3652: 3170:deities. A kneeling image of 2755: 2392:mythical creature known as a 2111:and litter filled the roads. 1713:, Bhaktapur. In October 1558 1511:and his armies plundered the 1265: 655:with the other cities of the 404:11,000/km (30,000/sq mi) 7698:Madhyapur Thimi Municipality 7586:travel guide from Wikivoyage 7365:Destination Nepal: Bhaktapur 7127:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 6613:Lienhard, Siegfried (1992). 6530:Alsop, Ian (11 March 2021). 6057:Vaidya, Tulasī Rāma (2002). 6002:Vaidya, Tulasī Rāma (2002). 5739:Vaidya, Tulasī Rāma (2002). 5647:KLEINERT, Christian (1977). 5438:(in Nepali). pp. 16–20. 3657: 3571:Newari king curd (Juju Dhau) 3484:Street of Bhaktapur at night 3011:and then later remodeled by 2125:Nepal Workers Peasants Party 2079:mountains in the background. 1811:a play about the wedding of 1709:and established a border at 970: 962:till the late 20th century. 792: 383:1,401 m (4,596 ft) 191:Show map of Bagmati Province 7: 7277:Levy, Robert Isaac (1990). 7103:, Oxford University Press, 6567:Legends of Bhaktapur. Nepal 3436: 3312:Memorandum of understanding 2795:Four Pillars of Nepal Bhasa 2673:) is a distinct dialect of 2654: 1587:and the incarnation of the 756:Capital of Music and Dance" 580: 134:City of Festivals and dance 119: 10: 7888: 7693:Changunarayan Municipality 7486:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 7479:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 7472:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 5128:"मौलिक शैलीमा उभियो लायकु" 4862:Gutschow & Kolver 1975 4842:Online Khabar English News 4481:"The rebirth of Bhaktapur" 4204:Kayastha, Balaram (2019). 3508:Bhaktapur Taumadhi square. 3458: 3192:Kailashnath Mahadev Statue 3189: 3186:Kailashnath Mahadev Statue 3155:as a World Heritage Site. 3120: 2759: 2658: 2588: 2489: 2356: 2170: 1907:was the last ruler of the 1659: 1126: 974: 965: 926:by the Gorkhali armies of 805:This name is derived from 584:) and historically called 442: 108: 29: 27: 7720: 7709: 7703:Suryabinayak Municipality 7678: 7669: 7657: 7539:Nepalese Stone Sculptures 7377:http://www.bhaktapur.com/ 6992:Sustainable Urban Tourism 6697:Old Poetry in Nepal Bhasa 6689:Vaidya, Janaklal (2002). 5504:"The Eight Cornered Gift" 4763:Das, Basudev Lal (2015). 4296:. Kommission Gebr. Fretz. 4279:: SAGE. pp. 101–123. 3314:regarding establishing a 3007:which was first built by 2075:on the far right and the 1887:after which the reign of 895:and in some pages of the 785:inscribed Bhaktapur as a 763: 671:during the first half of 514: 504: 492: 475: 461: 456: 450: 432: 418: 408: 400: 392: 387: 379: 371: 366: 351: 333: 328: 318: 310: 302: 290: 278: 268: 233: 161: 146: 139: 131: 102: 84: 65: 60: 51: 23: 7600:Explore Nepal: Bhaktapur 7530:Widdess, Richard. 2013. 7516:Parish, Steven M. 1996. 7509:Parish, Steven M. 1994. 7451:. Kathmandu: Ekta Books. 7071:. Retrieved: 9 Dec 2011. 6246:Munankarmi, Lilabhakta. 5102:Rasik, Jitendra (2018). 4913:The Gopalaraja Vamsavali 4241:daobhaktapur.moha.gov.np 3868:GUTSCHOW, NIELS (1993). 3615: 3318:between the two cities. 3239:were shot in Bhaktapur. 2868:. Among royal writers, 2848:in Bhaktapur during the 2627:and today there are 364 2585:meaning secretive pond. 2463: 1989:The great earthquake of 1962:in 1846, Rana's brother 1673:. Many historians blame 872:which denoted a town in 695:(which later became the 409: • Ethnicities 7605:Bhaktapur Photo gallery 7454:Grieve, Gregory. 2006. 7367:, Retrieved: 9 Dec 2011 6989:Chawla, Romila (2006). 6165:archive.nepalitimes.com 5302:archive.nepalitimes.com 5282:Dhaubhadel, Om (2018). 5183:Nepālako sarala itihāsa 5158:archive.nepalitimes.com 5008:Dhaubhadel, Om (2018). 4775:(1) – via Nepjol. 4702:Nepālako sarala itihāsa 4633:Wright, Daniel (1877). 4315:archive.nepalitimes.com 4269:Toffin, Gérard (1990). 4206:Madhyakālina bhaktapura 4036:Rana, Jagadish (1989). 3583:Bhaktapur Durbar Square 3532:View of Taumadhi square 3496:Bhaktapur Durbar Square 3453:Bhaktapur Durbar Square 3411:, politician and writer 3225:Bhaktapur Durbar Square 2974:Bhaktapur Durbar Square 2649:Bhaktapur Durbar Square 2633:Bhaktapur Durbar Square 2352: 2270:Bhaktapur Durbar Square 2213:palace of fifty windows 2011:Bhaktapur Durbar Square 1979:Bhaktapur Durbar Square 1717:, the queen consort of 1242:is also dated from the 118:'rice village' 7867:Car-free zones in Asia 7688:Bhaktapur Municipality 7433:Gellner, David. 2001. 6497:Sunder Krishna Joshi. 6339:Tales of Old Bhaktapur 5722:10.5194/nhess-2017-435 5222:Bhaktapur Municipality 5215:"jaggachanda ko huna?" 5017:Bhaktapur Municipality 4383:10.3126/nc.v13i0.27499 3993:"Tourism in Bhaktapur" 3773:censusnepal.cbs.gov.np 3341: 3331: 3273:Nepal-Bihar earthquake 3252: 3230:Hare Rama Hare Krishna 3162:in his incarnation as 3132: 3097:including the popular 3053: 2921: 2913: 2872:and his queen consort 2787: 2762:Nepal bhasa literature 2602: 2499:), constructed in the 2481: 2371: 2248:which mostly depicted 2233: 2188: 2187:or the Peacock window. 2175: 2141:Henry Ambrose Oldfield 2080: 1986: 1847:made an alliance with 1784: 1607: 1500: 1279: 1246:. It is said that the 1142: 993: 419: • Religions 61:Bhaktapur Municipality 7373:Retrieved: 8 May 2015 6336:Goodman, Jim (1992). 6090:Woodworkers Institute 5826:Haaland, Ane (1982). 3802:The Annapurna Express 3610:Festival preparations 3409:Narayan Man Bijukchhe 3339:Narayan Man Bijukchhe 3337: 3329: 3257:2015 Nepal earthquake 3250: 3130: 3048: 2987:The Taumadhi Square ( 2919: 2903: 2811:Narayan Man Bijukchhe 2769: 2596: 2471: 2366: 2222: 2183: 2070: 1976: 1762: 1606:in the 15th century. 1597: 1505:Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah 1498: 1464:Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq 1415:Capital city of Nepal 1378:. However, the famed 1273: 1136: 1010:Lower Himalayan Range 984: 928:Prithivi Narayan Shah 924:conquest of Bhaktapur 879:By the 11th century, 634:April 2015 earthquake 551:[ˈbʱʌkt̪ʌpur] 253:27.67222°N 85.42778°E 7575:at Wikimedia Commons 7489:Haaland, Ane. 1982. 7340:Haland, Ane (1982). 7252:english.ratopati.com 6915:"फेरि उठ्यो भैरवनाथ" 6219:World Monuments Fund 6084:WWI (27 July 2022). 4918:Franz Steiner Verlag 4290:Hagen, Toni (1968). 3419:Member of Parliament 3379:, queen consort and 3354:, 16th century queen 2854:Gopal Raj Vamshavali 2832:and even during the 1956:Rajendra Bikram Shah 1909:Kingdom of Bhaktapur 1878:Jagat Prakasha Malla 1841:Jagat Prakasha Malla 1779:as a divine couple. 1662:Kingdom of Bhaktapur 1656:Kingdom of Bhaktapur 1581:Gopal Raj Vamshavali 1569:Gopal Raj Vamshavali 1518:Gopal Raj Vamshavali 1466:, the Sultan of the 1324:Gopal Raj Vamshavali 1078:Gopal Raj Vamshavali 1065:Gopal Raj Vamshavali 1049:Swayambhunath Buddha 996:The folklore of the 977:History of Kathmandu 948:Juddha Shumsher Rana 889:Gopal Raj Vamshavali 750:and the carnival of 661:Gopal Raj Vamshavali 401: • Density 7534:. Farnham: Ashgate. 7523:Raj, Yogesh. 2010. 7447:Gibson, Ian. 2017. 7440:Gibson, Ian. 2015. 7046:dccbhaktapur.gov.np 6786:. 28 October 2021. 6060:Bhaktapur Rajdarbar 6005:Bhaktapur Rajdarbar 5936:bhaktapurmun.gov.np 5742:Bhaktapur Rajdarbar 5104:Alakapuri Bhaktapur 3744:bhaktapurmun.gov.np 3676:bhaktapurmun.gov.np 3443:Battle of Bhaktapur 3417:, politician and a 3223:were filmed in the 3080:the preserver, and 2882:hāya hāya rāma rāma 2780:𑐎 𑐏 𑐫𑐵 𑐩𑑂𑐫𑐾 2667:𑐏𑑂𑐰𑐥𑑅 𑐨𑐵𑐫𑑂 2430:repaired a damaged 2338:former royal palace 2319:of Devi inside the 2150:At the time of the 2135:A song composed by 2036:stucco dome by the 1805:Maithili literature 1681:. The newly formed 1238:Bhaktapur's oldest 824:from 594. The term 787:World Heritage Site 744:former royal palace 600:. Bhaktapur is the 249: / 7651:Bhaktapur District 7123:"Kathmandu Valley" 7021:Asian Architecture 5989:Lalitkala Magazine 5665:10.1007/BF00188887 5627:seismonepal.gov.np 5355:. 25 February 2021 4506:"Bhaktapur, Nepal" 4115:on 22 October 2021 3393:Jagat Sundar Malla 3387:Padma Sundar Malla 3342: 3332: 3253: 3205:In popular culture 3133: 3054: 3023:(often called the 2980:style building in 2958:Simhādhwākhā Lyākū 2922: 2914: 2852:. The influential 2791:Jagat Sundar Malla 2788: 2743:𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐵𑐟𑐵𑐥𑐿𑐵 2723:voiced velar nasal 2603: 2519:and Rani Pokhari ( 2482: 2372: 2234: 2189: 2081: 1987: 1977:A general view of 1964:Dhir Shumsher Rana 1940:East India Company 1799:became the ruler. 1785: 1608: 1561:Hindu caste system 1501: 1280: 1278:temple, Bhaktapur. 1173:that "people from 1147:stone inscriptions 1143: 1129:Licchavi (kingdom) 994: 722:Compared to other 393: • Total 372: • Total 258:27.67222; 85.42778 132:Nickname(s): 7839: 7838: 7571:Media related to 7290:978-0-520-06911-4 7101:Oxford Art Online 7002:978-81-8411-002-9 6891:The Sulima Pagoda 6640:kathmandupost.com 6480:978-1-351-94627-8 6313:www.bhaktapur.com 6070:978-99933-52-17-4 6015:978-99933-52-17-4 5885:978-1-4094-6601-7 5752:978-99933-52-17-4 5389:978-2-8218-7616-3 4143:"भक्तपुर नामाकरण" 4066:kathmandupost.com 3361:Bhupatindra Malla 3316:sisterly relation 3051:Dattatraya Temple 3001:Bhupatindra Malla 2910:Bhupatindra Malla 2665:Bhaktapur Newar ( 2645:Chyāsilim mandapa 2573:built in 1629 by 2343:Bhupatindra Malla 2160:2021 Nepal census 2156:2011 Nepal census 2152:2001 Nepal census 1952:Jung Bahadur Rana 1897:Bhupatindra Malla 1821:Maithili language 1781:Bhupatindra Malla 1773:Bhupatindra Malla 1332:Kailashkut Bhawan 1322:according to the 1175:Mākhopring draṅga 1104:. The modern day 1067:, a 14th-century 532: 531: 224:Show map of Nepal 221:Bhaktapur (Nepal) 155: 117: 7879: 7715: 7675: 7644: 7637: 7630: 7621: 7620: 7582: 7570: 7361:. Lonely Planet. 7347: 7336: 7315: 7294: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7226: 7220: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7201: 7195: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7173:www.filmapia.com 7165: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7140: 7131: 7130: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7096: 7090: 7089: 7078: 7072: 7066: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7038: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7013: 7007: 7006: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6961: 6955: 6954: 6952: 6950: 6936: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6911: 6905: 6904: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6854: 6839: 6833: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6809: 6800: 6799: 6797: 6795: 6776: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6746: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6686: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6657: 6651: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6632: 6626: 6611: 6605: 6604: 6592: 6581: 6580: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6538:. Archived from 6527: 6521: 6520: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6494: 6485: 6484: 6464: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6435: 6426: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6406: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6353: 6344: 6343: 6333: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6305: 6288: 6287: 6281: 6269: 6263: 6262: 6256: 6243: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6185: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6112: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6081: 6075: 6074: 6054: 6048: 6047: 6029: 6020: 6019: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5976: 5967: 5966: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5928: 5919: 5915:City Population 5913: 5907: 5906: 5896: 5890: 5889: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5823: 5814: 5808: 5802: 5796: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5704: 5693: 5692: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5588: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5560: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5532: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5500: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5449: 5440: 5439: 5433: 5424: 5413: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5371: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5328: 5319: 5313: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5260: 5251: 5250: 5244: 5235: 5226: 5225: 5219: 5210: 5197: 5196: 5178: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5073: 5062: 5061: 5051: 5038: 5021: 5020: 5014: 5005: 4984: 4983: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4952: 4939: 4922: 4921: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4880: 4865: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4834: 4828: 4822: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4791:Devkota, Sabin. 4788: 4777: 4776: 4760: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4725: 4716: 4715: 4697: 4680: 4674: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4636:History of Nepal 4630: 4619: 4613: 4604: 4603: 4586:(265): 307–309. 4571: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4533: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4491: 4476: 4467: 4466: 4460: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4403: 4402: 4371:Nepalese Culture 4362: 4345: 4339: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4307: 4298: 4297: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4266: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4233: 4224: 4223: 4201: 4186: 4180: 4151: 4150: 4138: 4125: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4114: 4108:. Archived from 4103: 4094: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4058: 4049: 4048: 4042: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4015:Inside Himalayas 4007: 4001: 4000: 3988: 3979: 3973: 3964: 3958: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3913:The Conversation 3907:Arora, Vanicka. 3904: 3898: 3897: 3865: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3839:Tuladhar, Alok. 3836: 3830: 3829: 3819: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3793: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3764: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3736: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3697: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3668: 3646: 3639: 3633: 3626: 3607: 3592: 3580: 3568: 3553: 3541: 3529: 3517: 3505: 3493: 3481: 3469: 3448:Nyatapola Temple 3291: 3290: 3266: 3144:Kathmandu Valley 3013:Jagajjyoti Malla 2997:Nyatapola temple 2990: 2939: 2799:revival campaign 2781: 2744: 2736: 2728: 2704: 2696: 2668: 2614:Lichhavi dynasty 2575:Jagajjyoti Malla 2544:Licchavi dynasty 2494: 2492: 2472:Siddha Pokhari ( 2428:Jayasthiti Malla 2376:Kathmandu Valley 2374:The entirety of 2289:Licchavi dynasty 2242:Lichhavi dynasty 2238:Kathmandu Valley 2201:Lichhavi dynasty 2097:Kathmandu Valley 2073:Nyatapola Temple 2022:Basantapur Lyākū 2003:Kathmandu Valley 1936:Kingdom of Nepal 1924:Kingdom of Nepal 1837:Kathmandu Valley 1809:Haragaurīvivāha, 1801:Jagajjyoti Malla 1797:Jagajjyoti Malla 1729:", was the only 1685:kingdom and its 1671:History of Nepal 1600:Mākachva Dhvākhā 1577:Jayasthiti Malla 1507:, the Sultan of 1320:Tripura Rājkula, 1296:Licchavi dynasty 1244:Licchavi dynasty 1187:Licchavi dynasty 1123:Licchavi dynasty 1098:Licchavi dynasty 1006:Kathmandu Valley 1004:proved that the 998:Kathmandu Valley 938:translation of " 842:Kathmandu Valley 819:Licchavi dynasty 765: 764:नाचगानको राजधानी 697:Kingdom of Nepal 665:Licchavi dynasty 643:, it shares its 641:Kathmandu Valley 618:Kathmandu Valley 590:Kathmandu Valley 583: 577: 565: 561: 560: 559: 553: 548: 528: 525: 523: 521: 452: 444: 264: 263: 261: 260: 259: 254: 250: 247: 246: 245: 242: 225: 211: 210: 204: 192: 178: 177: 171: 150: 148: 127: 112: 110: 105:Classical Newari 103:Etymology: From 92: 70: 43: 35: 34: 32: 21: 20: 7887: 7886: 7882: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7877: 7876: 7842: 7841: 7840: 7835: 7716: 7707: 7676: 7665: 7653: 7648: 7563: 7390: 7388:Further reading 7354: 7352:Further reading 7333: 7312: 7291: 7273: 7268: 7267: 7257: 7255: 7246: 7245: 7241: 7228: 7227: 7223: 7213: 7211: 7203: 7202: 7198: 7191: 7187: 7177: 7175: 7167: 7166: 7162: 7152: 7150: 7142: 7141: 7134: 7119: 7115: 7097: 7093: 7080: 7079: 7075: 7067: 7060: 7050: 7048: 7040: 7039: 7035: 7025: 7023: 7015: 7014: 7010: 7003: 6987: 6983: 6973: 6971: 6963: 6962: 6958: 6948: 6946: 6938: 6937: 6933: 6923: 6921: 6913: 6912: 6908: 6901: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6862: 6852: 6850: 6842:Wright, Colin. 6840: 6836: 6826: 6824: 6811: 6810: 6803: 6793: 6791: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6763: 6761: 6748: 6747: 6743: 6733: 6731: 6729:nepalindata.com 6723: 6722: 6718: 6711: 6703:. p. 149. 6687: 6680: 6670: 6668: 6658: 6654: 6644: 6642: 6634: 6633: 6629: 6612: 6608: 6593: 6584: 6577: 6563: 6559: 6551: 6547: 6542:on 21 May 2022. 6528: 6524: 6514: 6512: 6508: 6495: 6488: 6481: 6465: 6458: 6448: 6446: 6436: 6429: 6419: 6417: 6408: 6407: 6400: 6390: 6388: 6380: 6379: 6375: 6365: 6363: 6355: 6354: 6347: 6334: 6327: 6317: 6315: 6307: 6306: 6291: 6279: 6271: 6270: 6266: 6254: 6244: 6233: 6223: 6221: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6186: 6179: 6169: 6167: 6159: 6158: 6154: 6139: 6135: 6125: 6123: 6113: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6082: 6078: 6071: 6055: 6051: 6044: 6036:. Vajra Books. 6030: 6023: 6016: 6000: 5996: 5977: 5970: 5955: 5951: 5941: 5939: 5930: 5929: 5922: 5914: 5910: 5897: 5893: 5886: 5870: 5866: 5858: 5854: 5841: 5837: 5824: 5817: 5809: 5805: 5797: 5786: 5776: 5774: 5772:nepalitimes.com 5764: 5760: 5753: 5737: 5730: 5705: 5696: 5645: 5641: 5631: 5629: 5621: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5589: 5582: 5572: 5570: 5568:rubinmuseum.org 5562: 5561: 5554: 5544: 5542: 5534: 5533: 5522: 5512: 5510: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5487: 5485: 5483:nepalihimal.com 5477: 5476: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5451: 5450: 5443: 5431: 5425: 5416: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5372: 5368: 5358: 5356: 5347: 5346: 5342: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5306: 5304: 5296: 5295: 5291: 5280: 5276: 5261: 5254: 5242: 5236: 5229: 5217: 5211: 5200: 5193: 5179: 5172: 5162: 5160: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5135: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5114: 5100: 5096: 5086: 5084: 5074: 5065: 5049: 5039: 5024: 5012: 5006: 4987: 4980: 4966: 4962: 4950: 4940: 4925: 4908: 4904: 4894: 4892: 4881: 4868: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4823: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4789: 4780: 4769:Academic Voices 4761: 4748: 4738: 4736: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4698: 4683: 4675: 4666: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4631: 4622: 4614: 4607: 4572: 4563: 4555: 4551: 4543: 4536: 4528: 4524: 4514: 4512: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4489: 4487: 4477: 4470: 4458: 4452: 4448: 4438: 4436: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4415: 4406: 4363: 4348: 4340: 4329: 4319: 4317: 4309: 4308: 4301: 4288: 4284: 4267: 4256: 4246: 4244: 4235: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4202: 4189: 4181: 4154: 4139: 4128: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4101: 4095: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4060: 4059: 4052: 4040: 4034: 4030: 4020: 4018: 4017:. 27 April 2016 4009: 4008: 4004: 3989: 3982: 3974: 3967: 3959: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3917: 3915: 3905: 3901: 3866: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3837: 3833: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3794: 3787: 3777: 3775: 3765: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3738: 3737: 3720: 3710: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3649: 3640: 3636: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3611: 3608: 3599: 3593: 3584: 3581: 3572: 3569: 3560: 3554: 3545: 3542: 3533: 3530: 3521: 3518: 3509: 3506: 3497: 3494: 3485: 3482: 3473: 3470: 3461: 3439: 3424:Sunil Prajapati 3395:, activist and 3377:Briddhi Lakshmi 3346:Devalakshmidevi 3324: 3285: 3282: 3264: 3245: 3243:2015 earthquake 3207: 3194: 3188: 3147:is the name of 3125: 3119: 3091:Tibetan traders 3066:Pracalit script 3021:Aesāmārhi satta 2988: 2976:is the tallest 2937: 2898: 2886:Briddhi Lakshmi 2874:Briddhi Lakshmi 2866:narrative poems 2815:Nepali language 2779: 2772:Briddhi Lakshmi 2764: 2758: 2742: 2734: 2726: 2702: 2694: 2666: 2663: 2657: 2591: 2490: 2466: 2440:Jitamitra Malla 2361: 2355: 2178: 2173: 2133: 2065: 1932: 1889:Jitamitra Malla 1849:Srinivasa Malla 1793:Trailokya Malla 1789:Trailokya Malla 1664: 1658: 1470:. Her husband 1468:Delhi Sultanate 1417: 1380:Tripura Rājkula 1376:Tripura Sundari 1372:Tripura Rājkula 1360:Tripura Sundari 1308:Tripura Rājkula 1268: 1131: 1125: 1082:Licchavi period 1053:Katmandu Valley 979: 973: 968: 883:had evolved to 795: 713:1934 earthquake 639:As part of the 626:Newar tradition 620:and is a major 575: 555: 554: 546: 518: 500: 445: 341:Sunil Prajapati 323: 322:24 (historical) 257: 255: 251: 248: 243: 240: 238: 236: 235: 229: 228: 227: 226: 223: 222: 219: 218: 217: 216: 212: 195: 194: 193: 190: 189: 186: 185: 184: 183: 179: 157: 140:Motto(s): 135: 98: 97: 96: 95: 80: 56: 47: 44: 37: 30: 26: 19: 12: 11: 5: 7885: 7875: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7727: 7725: 7718: 7717: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7684: 7682: 7680:Municipalities 7677: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7658: 7655: 7654: 7647: 7646: 7639: 7632: 7624: 7618: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7576: 7562: 7561:External links 7559: 7558: 7557: 7545:; Volume Two: 7541:. Volume One: 7535: 7528: 7521: 7514: 7507: 7506:20 (2):231-54. 7500: 7493: 7487: 7480: 7473: 7466: 7459: 7452: 7445: 7438: 7431: 7424: 7417: 7414: 7411: 7407: 7404: 7401: 7398: 7394: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7368: 7362: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7337: 7331: 7316: 7310: 7295: 7289: 7272: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7239: 7221: 7196: 7185: 7160: 7132: 7113: 7091: 7073: 7058: 7033: 7008: 7001: 6981: 6956: 6931: 6906: 6899: 6881: 6860: 6834: 6801: 6771: 6741: 6716: 6709: 6678: 6652: 6627: 6606: 6582: 6575: 6557: 6555:, p. 624. 6545: 6522: 6506: 6486: 6479: 6456: 6427: 6414:Annapurna Post 6398: 6373: 6345: 6325: 6289: 6264: 6231: 6206: 6177: 6152: 6133: 6102: 6076: 6069: 6049: 6042: 6021: 6014: 5994: 5968: 5949: 5920: 5908: 5891: 5884: 5864: 5852: 5835: 5815: 5803: 5784: 5758: 5751: 5728: 5694: 5639: 5614: 5580: 5552: 5520: 5495: 5470: 5441: 5414: 5402: 5388: 5366: 5353:Online Majdoor 5340: 5314: 5289: 5274: 5252: 5227: 5198: 5191: 5170: 5145: 5119: 5112: 5094: 5063: 5022: 4985: 4979:978-9993304555 4978: 4960: 4923: 4920:. p. 131. 4902: 4866: 4854: 4829: 4814: 4778: 4746: 4717: 4710: 4681: 4664: 4652: 4645: 4620: 4605: 4561: 4549: 4534: 4522: 4497: 4479:Grimm, Lucas. 4468: 4446: 4421: 4404: 4346: 4327: 4299: 4282: 4254: 4237:"जिल्ला परिचय" 4225: 4218: 4187: 4152: 4147:Nepalaya Edits 4126: 4078: 4050: 4028: 4002: 3980: 3965: 3950: 3925: 3899: 3853: 3831: 3814: 3796:Mahat, Sunny. 3785: 3756: 3718: 3707:. 19 July 2020 3689: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3634: 3620: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3613: 3612: 3609: 3602: 3600: 3594: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3563: 3561: 3555: 3548: 3546: 3544:Peacock Window 3543: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3397:Newar language 3390: 3384: 3381:Newar language 3374: 3371:Newar language 3364: 3358: 3355: 3349: 3323: 3322:Notable people 3320: 3300: 3299: 3281: 3278: 3244: 3241: 3206: 3203: 3190:Main article: 3187: 3184: 3136:Changu Narayan 3123:Changu Narayan 3121:Main article: 3118: 3117:Changu Narayan 3115: 2964:(meaning "the 2897: 2894: 2846:Newar language 2842:Newar language 2784:Newar language 2757: 2754: 2735:𑐒𑐵𑐟𑐵𑐥𑑀𑐮 2733:is called as " 2675:Newar language 2661:Newar language 2659:Main article: 2656: 2653: 2590: 2587: 2465: 2462: 2357:Main article: 2354: 2351: 2313:former palaces 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167:ethnic group. 2132: 2129: 2064: 2061: 1931: 1928: 1913:Newar language 1851:, the king of 1831:, the king of 1777:Vishva Lakshmi 1775:and his queen 1771:which depicts 1657: 1654: 1621:Eight Matrikas 1610:His grandson, 1573:Newar language 1565:Newar language 1524:and the early 1416: 1413: 1276:Sulamā Māhādeo 1267: 1264: 1185:". During the 1183:khōpring grāma 1124: 1121: 1117:Newar language 1069:Newar language 1057:Shree Panchami 972: 969: 967: 964: 830:Newar language 811:Newar language 794: 791: 693:Gorkha Kingdom 530: 529: 516: 512: 511: 508: 502: 501: 498: 496: 490: 489: 479: 473: 472: 463: 459: 458: 454: 453: 436: 430: 429: 427:Newar Buddhism 423:Newar Hinduism 420: 416: 415: 410: 406: 405: 402: 398: 397: 394: 390: 389: 385: 384: 381: 377: 376: 373: 369: 368: 364: 363: 358:Rajani Joshi ( 356: 349: 348: 338: 331: 330: 326: 325: 320: 316: 315: 312: 308: 307: 304: 300: 299: 294: 288: 287: 282: 276: 275: 270: 266: 265: 231: 230: 220: 214: 213: 206: 205: 199: 198: 197: 196: 187: 181: 180: 173: 172: 166: 165: 164: 163: 162: 159: 158: 141: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 100: 99: 93: 87: 86: 85: 82: 81: 71: 63: 62: 58: 57: 52: 49: 48: 45: 24: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7884: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7751:Changunarayan 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7674: 7668: 7664: 7663: 7659:Headquarter: 7656: 7652: 7645: 7640: 7638: 7633: 7631: 7626: 7625: 7622: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7590:Bhaktapur.com 7588: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7574: 7569: 7565: 7564: 7556: 7555:9783033063815 7552: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7529: 7526: 7522: 7519: 7515: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7501: 7498: 7494: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7481: 7478: 7474: 7471: 7467: 7464: 7460: 7457: 7453: 7450: 7446: 7443: 7439: 7436: 7432: 7429: 7425: 7422: 7418: 7415: 7412: 7408: 7405: 7402: 7399: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7372: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7360: 7356: 7355: 7345: 7344: 7338: 7334: 7328: 7325:. Wiesbaden. 7324: 7323: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7304:(in Nepali). 7303: 7302: 7296: 7292: 7286: 7282: 7281: 7275: 7274: 7253: 7249: 7243: 7235: 7231: 7225: 7210: 7206: 7200: 7194: 7189: 7174: 7170: 7164: 7149: 7148:Lonely Planet 7145: 7139: 7137: 7128: 7124: 7117: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7095: 7087: 7086:Bhaktapur.com 7083: 7077: 7070: 7065: 7063: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7022: 7018: 7012: 7004: 6998: 6994: 6993: 6985: 6970: 6969:Bhaktapur.com 6966: 6960: 6945: 6944:Online Khabar 6941: 6935: 6920: 6916: 6910: 6902: 6900:974-524-018-4 6896: 6892: 6885: 6870: 6864: 6849: 6845: 6838: 6822: 6818: 6817:Bhaktapur.com 6814: 6808: 6806: 6789: 6785: 6784:Bhaktapur.com 6781: 6775: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6745: 6730: 6726: 6720: 6712: 6710:99933-50-32-X 6706: 6702: 6701:Nepal Academy 6698: 6694: 6693: 6685: 6683: 6667: 6663: 6656: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6624: 6623:81-208-0963-7 6620: 6616: 6610: 6602: 6601: 6598: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6578: 6576:9789937080712 6572: 6568: 6561: 6554: 6549: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6526: 6519: 6518: 6510: 6502: 6501: 6493: 6491: 6482: 6476: 6473:. Routledge. 6472: 6471: 6463: 6461: 6445: 6441: 6434: 6432: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6403: 6387: 6386:Online Khabar 6383: 6377: 6362: 6358: 6352: 6350: 6341: 6340: 6332: 6330: 6314: 6310: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6285: 6278: 6276: 6268: 6260: 6259:Ancient Nepal 6253: 6251: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6195: 6191: 6184: 6182: 6166: 6162: 6156: 6148: 6144: 6137: 6122: 6121:Bhaktapur.com 6118: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6091: 6087: 6080: 6072: 6066: 6062: 6061: 6053: 6045: 6043:9789937623889 6039: 6035: 6028: 6026: 6017: 6011: 6007: 6006: 5998: 5990: 5986: 5984: 5975: 5973: 5964: 5960: 5953: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5925: 5917: 5912: 5904: 5903: 5895: 5887: 5881: 5877: 5876: 5868: 5861: 5856: 5848: 5847: 5839: 5831: 5830: 5822: 5820: 5812: 5807: 5800: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5773: 5769: 5762: 5754: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5735: 5733: 5723: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5643: 5628: 5624: 5618: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5587: 5585: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5557: 5541: 5537: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5458: 5457:ekantipur.com 5454: 5448: 5446: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5412:, p. 49. 5411: 5406: 5391: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5370: 5354: 5350: 5344: 5336: 5332: 5325: 5318: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5285: 5278: 5270: 5269:Bhaktapur.com 5266: 5259: 5257: 5248: 5241: 5234: 5232: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5194: 5192:9789937692229 5188: 5184: 5177: 5175: 5159: 5155: 5149: 5133: 5132:ekantipur.com 5129: 5123: 5115: 5113:9789937692069 5109: 5105: 5098: 5083: 5079: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5059: 5056:(in Nepali). 5055: 5048: 5046: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5018: 5011: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4981: 4975: 4971: 4964: 4956: 4949: 4947: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4906: 4890: 4886: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4863: 4858: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4827:, p. 42. 4826: 4821: 4819: 4802: 4798: 4794: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4722: 4713: 4711:9789937692229 4707: 4703: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4678: 4677:Shrestha 2001 4673: 4671: 4669: 4661: 4660:Shrestha 2001 4656: 4648: 4646:9788120605527 4642: 4638: 4637: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4617: 4616:Shrestha 2001 4612: 4610: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4558: 4557:Shrestha 2001 4553: 4547:, p. 10. 4546: 4545:Shrestha 2001 4541: 4539: 4532:, p. 11. 4531: 4530:Shrestha 2001 4526: 4511: 4507: 4501: 4486: 4482: 4475: 4473: 4464: 4457: 4450: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4418: 4417:Shrestha 2001 4413: 4411: 4409: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4343: 4342:Shrestha 2001 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4304: 4295: 4294: 4286: 4278: 4274: 4273: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4230: 4221: 4219:9789937332064 4215: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4184: 4183:Shrestha 2001 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4148: 4144: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4111: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4055: 4046: 4039: 4032: 4016: 4012: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3985: 3977: 3972: 3970: 3963:, p. 20. 3962: 3957: 3955: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3914: 3910: 3903: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3842: 3835: 3827: 3826: 3818: 3803: 3799: 3792: 3790: 3774: 3770: 3763: 3761: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3706: 3705:Bhaktapur.com 3702: 3696: 3694: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3663: 3644: 3638: 3631: 3625: 3621: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3586: 3579: 3574: 3567: 3562: 3559: 3556:Woman drying 3552: 3547: 3540: 3535: 3528: 3523: 3516: 3511: 3504: 3499: 3492: 3487: 3480: 3475: 3468: 3463: 3462: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3403:Bharat Jangam 3401: 3398: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3367:Ranajit Malla 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3283: 3280:Sister Cities 3277: 3274: 3269: 3262: 3258: 3249: 3240: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3221:Bridget Fonda 3218: 3214: 3213: 3212:Little Buddha 3202: 3199: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3140:Changunarayan 3137: 3129: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3076:the creator, 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3035: 3030: 3027:of Bhaktapur) 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2995:) houses the 2994: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2954:Durbar square 2951: 2947: 2943: 2935: 2934:Durbar Square 2931: 2927: 2918: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2893: 2891: 2890:ka kha yā mye 2887: 2883: 2879: 2878:Ranajit Malla 2875: 2871: 2870:Ranajit Malla 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2850:Malla dynasty 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2834:Malla dynasty 2831: 2827: 2826:Malla dynasty 2823: 2818: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2797:who headed a 2796: 2792: 2785: 2777: 2776:ka kha yā mye 2773: 2770:A section of 2768: 2763: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2740: 2732: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2700: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2601:in Bhaktapur. 2600: 2595: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2551:Malla dynasty 2547: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2403: 2398: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2334: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2293:Malla dynasty 2290: 2285: 2283: 2282:Malla dynasty 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2254:Malla dynasty 2251: 2250:Salabhanjikas 2247: 2243: 2239: 2231: 2230:Ranajit Malla 2227: 2226: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2205:Malla dynasty 2202: 2198: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2168: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2137:Ranajit Malla 2128: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2030:Thanthu Lyākū 2027: 2026:Chaukot Lyākū 2023: 2019: 2014: 2012: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1971: 1969: 1968:Dhir Shumsher 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1905:Ranajit Malla 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1825:Naresha Malla 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1731:queen regnant 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1679:Nepal Mandala 1676: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1616:Nepal Mandala 1613: 1612:Yakshya Malla 1605: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1585:Swayambhunath 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1557:Nepal Mandala 1554: 1550: 1549:Nepal Mandala 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1497: 1493: 1491: 1490:Nepal Mandala 1486: 1482: 1477: 1476:Nepal Mandala 1473: 1472:Harisimhadeva 1469: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1451:'s attack on 1450: 1446: 1445:Harisimhadeva 1442: 1438: 1434: 1433:Khasa Kingdom 1430: 1426: 1422: 1412: 1410: 1407:, a group of 1406: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1284:Nepal Mandala 1277: 1272: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1219:of Khopring, 1216: 1212: 1208: 1205:district. In 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1041:Greater China 1038: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 991: 987: 983: 978: 963: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 920: 918: 917:Malla dynasty 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 790: 788: 784: 780: 778: 773: 769: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 699:). After its 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 673:Malla dynasty 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 602:smallest city 599: 595: 591: 587: 582: 573: 569: 558: 552: 544: 540: 536: 527: 522:.bhaktapurmun 517: 513: 509: 507: 503: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 480: 478: 474: 471: 467: 464: 460: 455: 448: 440: 437: 435: 431: 428: 424: 421: 417: 414: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 365: 361: 357: 355: 352: • 350: 346: 342: 339: 337: 334: • 332: 327: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 298: 295: 293: 289: 286: 283: 281: 277: 274: 271: 267: 262: 234:Coordinates: 232: 203: 170: 160: 153: 144: 138: 130: 125: 124: 115: 106: 101: 91: 83: 78: 74: 69: 64: 59: 55: 50: 41: 22: 16: 7687: 7661: 7660: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7531: 7524: 7517: 7510: 7503: 7496: 7483: 7476: 7469: 7462: 7455: 7448: 7434: 7427: 7420: 7358: 7342: 7321: 7300: 7279: 7271:Bibliography 7256:. Retrieved 7251: 7242: 7233: 7224: 7212:. Retrieved 7208: 7199: 7188: 7176:. 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