1066:"that 'curious continuations' had turned up in it, presumably the part about the potential immortality of protozoa". Ernest Jones considers Freud's claim on Eitingon "a rather curious request ... an inner denial of his novel thoughts about death having been influenced by his depression over losing his daughter". Others have also wondered about "inventing a so-called death instinct—is this not one way of theorising, that is, disposing of—by means of a theory—a feeling of the "demoniac" in life itself ... exacerbated by the unexpected death of Freud's daughter"?—and it is certainly striking that "the term 'death drive'—
27:
106:
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turned to prewar experiments on protozoa—of perhaps questionable relevance, even if it is not the case that 'his interpretation of the experiments on the successive generations of protozoa contains a fatal flaw'. The most that can perhaps be said is that Freud did not find "any biological argument which contradicts his dualistic conception of instinctual life", but at the same time, "as Jones (1957) points out, 'no biological observation can be found to support the idea of a death instinct, one which contradicts all biological principles
943:. Asserting that the first task of the mind is to bind excitations to prevent trauma (so that the pleasure principle does not begin to dominate mental activities until the excitations are bound), he reiterates the clinical fact that for "a person in analysis ... the compulsion to repeat the events of his childhood in the transference evidently disregards the pleasure principle in
695:
983:. Francesco Vitale has demonstrated how closely Derrida’s interest in the natural sciences is linked to his engagement with Freud, activating the theory of the death drives in terms of a radical re-thinking of biological life as constitutively inscribed by death. Within the historiography of psychoanalysis, special attention has been drawn to Freud's cooperation with
865:". After considering the inevitable presence of unpleasant experiences in the life of the mind, he concludes the book's first section to the effect that the presence of such unpleasant experiences "does not contradict the dominance of the pleasure principle ... does not seem to necessitate any far-reaching limitation of the pleasure principle."
960:"—ultimately that of the original inorganic condition. Declaring that "the aim of life is death" and "inanimate things existed before living ones", Freud interprets an organism's drive to avoid danger only as a way of avoiding a short-circuit to death: the organisms seeks to die in its own way. He thus found his way to his celebrated concept of the
874:
games, as exemplified in his grandson's famous "fort-da" game; "the recurrent dreams of war neurotics ...; the pattern of self-injuring behaviour that can be traced through the lives of certain people ; the tendency of many patients in psycho-analysis to act out over and over again unpleasant experiences of their childhood."
1117:, in which Freud suggests that civilization has repeatedly tried and failed to repress the death drives. Freud's indication "that in cases of traumatism there is a 'lack of any preparedness for anxiety' ... is a forerunner of the distinction he would later make ... between 'automatic anxiety' and 'anxiety as a signal
1004:'s philosophy"; but in groping for a return to the clinical he admitted that "it looks suspiciously as though we were trying to find a way out of a highly embarrassing situation at any price". Freud eventually decided that he could find a clinical manifestation of the death instinct in the phenomenon of
967:
Thereupon, "Freud plunged into the thickets of speculative modern biology, even into philosophy, in search of corroborative evidence"—looking to "arguments of every kind, frequently borrowed from fields outside of psychoanalytic practice, calling to the rescue biology, philosophy, and mythology". He
1078:
On his final page, Freud acknowledges that his theorising "in turn raises a host of other questions to which we can at present find no answer". Whatever legitimate reservations there may be about "the improbability of our speculations. A queer instinct, indeed, directed to the destruction of its own
1168:
and Lacan were to adopt versions of the death drive in their own theoretical constructs. "Klein's concept of the death drive differs from Freud's ... but there is an ever-increasing reference to the death drive as a given cause of mental development" in her works. Lacan for his part considered
873:
Freud proceeds to look for "evidence, for the existence of hitherto unsuspected forces 'beyond' the pleasure principle." He found exceptions to the universal power of the pleasure principle—"situations ... with which the pleasure principle cannot cope adequately"—in four main areas: children's
815:
is referred to as a "death-wish". The compulsion of the matter in cells to return to a diffuse, inanimate state extends to the whole living organism. Thus, the psychological death-wish is a manifestation of an underlying physical compulsion present in every cell, which Freud directly corresponds to
955:
Freud begins to look for analogies of repetition compulsion in the "essentially conservative ... feature of instinctual life ... the lower we go in the animal scale the more stereotyped does instinctual behavior appear". Thereafter "a leap in the text can be noticed when Freud places the
847:
remarked, Freud's "new classification has two bases, one speculative, and one clinical", thus far the clinical. In Freud's own words, the second section "is speculation, often far-fetched speculation, which the reader will consider or dismiss according to his individual predilection"—it has been
1024:
that humans are driven to reproduce in order to join together the sexes, which had once existed in single individuals who were both male and female—still "in utter disregard of disciplinary distinctions"; and admits again the speculative nature of his own ideas, "lacking a direct translation of
919:
Freud still wanted to examine the relationship between repetition compulsion and the pleasure principle. Although compulsive behaviors evidently satisfied some sort of drive, they were a source of direct unpleasure. Somehow, "no lesson has been learnt from the old experience of these activities
810:
In sections IV and V, Freud posits that the process of creating living cells binds energy and creates an imbalance. It is the pressure of matter to return to its original state which gives cells their quality of living. The process is analogous to the creation and exhaustion of a battery. This
920:
having led only to unpleasure. In spite of that, they are repeated, under pressure of a compulsion". Also noting repetitions in the lives of normal people—who appeared to be "pursued by a malignant fate or possessed by some 'daemonic' power," likely alluding to the
1079:
organic home", Freud's speculative essay has proven remarkably fruitful in stimulating further psychoanalytic research and theorising, both in himself and in his followers; and we may consider it as a prime example of Freud in his role "as a problem
987:
about biology. Between 1914 and 1924, Freud and
Ferenczi worked on the unfinished project of a so called bioanalysis. The aim was to re-interpret organic life departing from psychoanalytic notions. This undertaking has left several traces in
1230:
Jones concluded that "This book is further noteworthy in being the only one of Freud's which has received little acceptance on the part of his followers". Many of Freud's colleagues and students initially rejected the theories proposed in
1041:
as the life force finally set out on the other side of the repetition compulsion equation, the way was clear for the book's closing "vision of two elemental pugnacious forces in the mind, Eros and
Thanatos, locked in eternal battle".
1161:, Freud is not really preoccupied with the exceptions to that principle", concluding that "there are no exceptions to the principle—though there would indeed seem to be some rather strange complications in the workings of pleasure."
807:, which produces creativity, harmony, sexual connection, reproduction, and self-preservation; and the "death drives" (what some call "Thanatos"), which brings destruction, repetition, aggression, compulsion, and self-destruction.
1190:
may be Freud's most controversial text. At the same time it is likely his most commented text in philosophical literature. Ever since its publication in 1920 it has been recognised as the zenith of
Freudian metapsychology.
1087:
has suggested that Freud "turned to the biology of micro-organisms ... because he was unable to find the answers to the questions raised by psychoanalytic practice": the fruitfulness of the questions—in the spirit of
1227:, one of Freud's closest associates and a member of his Inner Ring, stated that "the train of thought by no means easy to follow ... and Freud's views on the subject have often been considerably misinterpreted."
1070:—entered his correspondence a week after Sophie Halberstadt's death"; so that we may well accept at the very least that the "loss can claim a subsidiary role ... his analytic preoccupation with destructiveness".
1008:, "hitherto regarded as secondary to sadism ... and suggested that there could be a primary masochism, a self-injuring tendency which would be an indication of the death instinct". In a footnote he cited
860:
Freud begins with "a commonplace then unchallenged in psychoanalytic theory: 'The course of mental events is automatically regulated by the pleasure principle ... a strong tendency toward the pleasure
938:
Arguing that dreams in which one relives trauma serve a binding function in the mind, connected to repetition compulsion, Freud admits that such dreams are an exception to the rule that the dream is the
888:
in the unconscious mind, based upon instinctual activity and probably inherent in the very nature of the instincts—a principle powerful enough to overrule the pleasure-principle". In the first half of
1209:
is a difficult text ... the reassuring intimacy with clinical experience that marks most of Freud's papers, even at their most theoretical, seems faint here, almost absent". On the same terms,
2833:
1012:
admitting that "A considerable part of this speculation has been anticipated in a work which is full of valuable matter and ideas but is unfortunately not entirely clear to me: (Sabina
Spielrein:
903:
Building on his 1914 article "Recollecting, Repeating and
Working Through", Freud highlights how the "patient cannot remember the whole of what is repressed in him, and ... is obliged to
1062:
is now finally finished. You will be able to confirm that it was half ready when Sophie lived and flourished". He had however already written (in June) to colleague and psychoanalyst
625:
2342:
2349:
1689:
1020:, IV, 1912). She designates the sadistic component as 'destructive'." To then explain the sexual instinct as well in terms of a compulsion to repeat, Freud inserts a myth from
882:
From these cases, Freud inferred the existence of motivations beyond the pleasure principle. Freud already felt in 1919 that he could safely postulate "the principle of a
803:
The essay, marking Freud's major revision of his drive theory, elaborates on the struggle between two opposing drives. In the first few sections, Freud describes these as
1151:
adapted the way "Freud speaks of the repetition compulsion and the destiny compulsion ... to apply them to the entire life courses" of normals and neurotics alike.
930:("to err is human, to persist is of the devil")—Freud concludes that the human psyche includes a compulsion to repeat that is independent of the pleasure principle.
1478:
2591:
783:, the Greek personification of death) which refers to the tendency towards destruction and annihilation, often expressed through behaviors such as
491:
126:
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2446:
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reworked and published in 1920. Freud insisted that the death had no relation to the contents of the book. In a July 18, 1920, letter to
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1083:—one who raises new questions ... called attention to a whole range of human phenomena and processes". Thus for example
975:
Another line of enquiry into the relation between psychoanalysis and biology has emerged from
Jacques Derrida’s readings of
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2438:
417:
1487:
638:
2855:
1111:, Freud also introduced the question of violence and destructiveness in humans. These themes play an important role in
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2191:
1223:
is perhaps the one where he engaged most directly—and how penetratingly—in specifically philosophical reflection."
1113:
1050:
Freud's daughter Sophie died at the start of 1920, partway between Freud's first (1919) version and the version of
619:
471:
2064:
1215:
1129:, repetition compulsion was one of the "four ... terms introduced by Freud as fundamental concepts, namely,
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The distinction between pleasure principle and death drive led Freud to restructure his model of the psyche.
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555:
407:
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191:
2246:
Towards the Limits of
Freudian Thinking. Critical Editions and Readings of Beyond the Pleasure Principle
2238:
1826:, ed. by Herman Westerink, Jenny Willner, Philippe Van Haute. Leuven University Press 2024, pp. 225-256
1025:
observation into theory ... One may have made a lucky hit or one may have gone shamefully astray".
2828:
2137:
2105:
Towards the Limits of
Freudian Thinking. Critical Edition and Readings of Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1824:
Towards the Limits of
Freudian Thinking. Critical Edition and Readings of Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1822:
Jenny
Willner, Neurotic Evolution: Bioanalysis against Biologism in Beyond the Pleasure Principle, in:
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2537:
2502:
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compulsion to repeat on an equal footing with 'an urge ... to restore an earlier state of things
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121:
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1809:
Ulrike May, The Third Step in Drive Theory: On the Genesis of Beyond the Pleasure Principle, in:
823:'s and summarizes published research into basic drives in Section VI to establish his revisions.
711:
570:
89:
1347:
Detrixhe, Jonathan J. (2020). "Thanatos". In Zeigler-Hill, Virgil; Shackelford, Todd K. (eds.).
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2369:
2290:
1482:
1177:"... either it makes not the least bit of sense or it has exactly the sense I say it has".
2353:
1195:
described it as an "extraordinary text of Freud's, unbelievably ambiguous, almost confused".
884:
788:
759:, where Freud had previously attributed self-preservation in human behavior to the drives of
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545:
535:
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992:
and it forms a psychoanalytic counter-narrative to the popular Darwinisms of Freud's time.
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8:
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Freud also states the basic differences, as he saw them, between his approach and
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Herman Westerink, Jenny Willner: "Dimensions of 'Beyond'. An Introduction", in
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964:, an explanation that some scholars have labeled as "metaphysical biology".
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1800:, transl. Mauro Senatore. Albany: State University of New York Press 2018.
1599:. Trans. James Strachey. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 1961.
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804:
776:
550:
336:
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the repressed material as a contemporary experience instead of ...
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784:
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1173:, in so ... far as it has not been realised", adding modestly of
2736:
2304:
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2132:
1685:
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820:
351:
311:
201:
852:, Freud used that unpromising word "speculations" more than once".
780:
206:
911:
it as something belonging to the past:" a "compulsion to repeat."
2685:
2672:
1290:
896:, considered as their irreducible quality, are attributed to the
2361:
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1351:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 5462–5463.
1034:
764:
171:
1021:
921:
2244:
Herman Westerink, Jenny Willner, Philippe Van Haute (eds.):
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1038:
914:
755:. It marks a major turning point in the formulation of his
1235:
because the idea of a drive towards death seemed strange.
2327:
1000:
Freud then continued with a reference to "the harbour of
1798:
Biodeconstruction. Jacques Derrida and the Life Sciences
1045:
1578:
1576:
868:
1349:
Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences
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995:
2592:
Some Character-Types Met with in Psycho-Analytic Work
1677:
The Trouble with Pleasure. Deleuze and Psychoanalysis
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1507:
1505:
855:
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1597:
Beyond the Pleasure Principle (The Standard Edition)
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892:, "a first phase, the most varied manifestations of
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1711:
1709:
1557:
1502:
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771:. Revising this as inconclusive, Freud theorized
3029:
2229:The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond
2038:The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis
1429:
933:
927:errare humanum est, perseverare autem diabolicum
2239:Desire and Knowledge: The Dead Seize the Living
1706:
492:The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis
1169:that "the death drive is only the mask of the
775:the pleasure principle, newly considering the
2377:
1929:Maria Torok, in Nicolas Abraham/Maria Torok,
979:in his posthumously published lecture series
719:
2569:Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood
2479:Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego
48:
2447:Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious
2006:
2004:
1970:New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis
2585:The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement
2471:The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement
2384:
2370:
1278:Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
843:break between sections III and IV. If, as
726:
712:
634:International Psychoanalytical Association
25:
1307:
1289:
2205:Boeree, Dr. C. George. "Sigmund Freud."
2001:
1813:, July 2015, vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 205-272
1673:
1524:Sigmund Freud, "The Uncanny" (1919), in
1346:
1094:La réponse est le malheur de la question
915:Independence from the pleasure principle
877:
831:What have been called the "two distinct
826:
2599:Thoughts for the Times on War and Death
2545:Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
1769:A Critical Dictionary of Psychoanalysis
1219:that "the masterpiece which we know as
1014:Die Destruktion als Ursache des Werdens
3030:
2553:Delusion and Dream in Jensen's Gradiva
2365:
2121:The Seminar of Jacques Lacan: Book II
2109:https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.18108264.4
1994:André Green, in P. B. Talamo et al.,
1828:https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.18108264.9
1785:La vie la mort: Séminaire (1975–1976)
1589:
1477:
1394:The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis
1271:
1186:Within the psychoanalytic reception,
1181:
1046:The essay's relation to Freud's grief
2439:The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
2051:What Do You Say After You Say Hello?
1335:What Do You Say After You Say Hello?
1096:" '—remains nonetheless unimpaired.
869:Exceptions to the pleasure principle
628:Psychoanalytic Training and Research
418:The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
2250:https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.18108264
2126:
1274:"Parthanatos, a messenger of death"
1074:Continuation of themes in the essay
996:Masochism as clinical manifestation
639:World Association of Psychoanalysis
13:
2217:
2165:The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud
856:Clinical evidence (sections I–III)
127:Psychosocial development (Erikson)
14:
3059:
2561:Creative Writers and Day-Dreaming
2391:
2266:(C. J. M. Hubback, trans., 1922.)
2255:
2010:Angela Richards, "Editor's Note"
1998:(London 2007). p. 119 and p. 122.
1213:wrote in his 1967 literary study
951:Biology and repetition compulsion
644:List of schools of psychoanalysis
2511:Civilization and Its Discontents
2192:Civilization and its Discontents
1539:Life and Death in Psychoanalysis
1114:Civilization and Its Discontents
1100:Freud's later writing and legacy
693:
620:British Psychoanalytical Society
472:Civilization and Its Discontents
104:
2198:
2183:
2170:
2157:
2152:Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty
2144:
2113:
2097:
2084:
2071:
2065:Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty
2056:
2043:
2030:
2017:
1988:
1975:
1962:
1949:
1936:
1923:
1910:
1897:
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1628:
1602:
1544:
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1518:
1471:
1458:
1445:
1216:Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty
2463:Introduction to Psychoanalysis
2296:The Language of Psychoanalysis
1528:(Alix Strachey trans.). p. 44.
1416:
1399:
1386:
1373:
1340:
1324:
1265:
1244:
626:Columbia University Center for
615:British Psychoanalytic Council
512:The Sublime Object of Ideology
482:The Mass Psychology of Fascism
20:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1:
2615:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
2263:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
2248:Leuven University Press 2024
2107:, Leuven UP 2024, pp. 11-28.
1649:Psychoanalysis in a New Light
1407:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1357:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_637
1238:
1233:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1221:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1207:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1188:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1175:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1159:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1109:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1052:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
1028:
990:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
977:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
934:Speculation (sections IV–VII)
900:" in precisely the same way.
890:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
850:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
841:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
740:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
452:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
442:Psychology of the Unconscious
2495:The Question of Lay Analysis
2424:The Interpretation of Dreams
2077:L. Stonebridge/J. Phillips,
408:The Interpretation of Dreams
7:
2154:(Zone Books, 1989). p. 111.
2068:(Zone Books, 1989). p. 111.
1337:(London, 1975) pp. 399-400.
798:
16:1920 essay by Sigmund Freud
10:
3064:
2167:(London 1964). pp. 510–11.
2138:Freud: A Life for Our Time
1933:(Minneapolis 1986). p. 90.
1881:(Basingstoke 2008). p. 77.
1811:Psychoanalysis and History
1272:David, Karen Kate (2009).
1202:Freud: A Life for Our Time
1018:Jahrbuch fĂĽr Psychoanalyse
429:Three Essays on the Theory
2962:
2912:Freud: The Secret Passion
2901:
2821:
2707:
2639:
2538:The Aetiology of Hysteria
2529:
2503:The Future of an Illusion
2399:
2272:Jenseits des Lustprinzips
1931:The Wolf Man's Magic Word
1651:(Cambridge 2010). p. 147.
1526:Studies in Parapsychology
1488:The Literary Encyclopedia
1413:(Middlesex 1987). p. 295.
749:Jenseits des Lustprinzips
607:Boston Graduate School of
75:
65:
57:
50:Jenseits des Lustprinzips
43:
33:
24:
2987:Clement Freud (grandson)
2759:Psychosexual development
2629:Dostoevsky and Parricide
2607:Mourning and Melancholia
2123:(Cambridge 1988). p. 37.
1682:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1674:Schuster, Aaron (2016).
122:Psychosexual development
3038:Essays by Sigmund Freud
2997:Walter Freud (grandson)
2992:Lucian Freud (grandson)
2291:Pontalis, Jean-Bertrand
2209:2009. Web. 22 July 2010
1483:"Repetition Compulsion"
1033:Nevertheless, with the
3012:Edward Bernay (nephew)
2888:Views on homosexuality
2851:London home and museum
2846:Vienna home and museum
2141:(London 1988). p. 398.
2119:Jacques-Alain Miller,
1972:(London 1991). p. 139.
1758:(London 2005). p. 190.
1754:Jean-Michel Quinodoz,
1541:(London 1976). p. 107.
1468:(London 2005). p. 187.
1464:Jean-Michel Quinodoz,
763:and the regulation of
748:
49:
3043:History of psychology
3002:Amalia Freud (mother)
2977:Anna Freud (daughter)
2972:Martha Bernays (wife)
2354:Repetition compulsion
2081:(London 1998). p. 30.
2079:Reading Melanie Klein
2040:(London 1994). p. 12.
1985:(London 1997). p. 82.
1771:(London 1995). p. 31.
1396:(London 1946). p. 58.
1258:) more often than in
941:fulfillment of a wish
885:repetition compulsion
878:Repetition compulsion
827:Analysis and synopsis
789:repetition compulsion
751:) is a 1920 essay by
700:Psychology portal
679:Psychoanalytic theory
3007:Jacob Freud (father)
2982:Ernst L. Freud (son)
2952:Freud's Last Session
2722:Id, ego and superego
2699:Daniel Paul Schreber
2519:Moses and Monotheism
2350:Compulsion to Repeat
2053:(Corgi 1975). p. 58.
1877:Teresa de Lauretis,
1842:. p. 322 and p. 328.
1787:, Paris: Seuil 2019.
1481:(October 24, 2005).
1058:, Freud wrote, "The
793:self-destructiveness
664:Child psychoanalysis
152:Id, ego and superego
90:a series of articles
2928:Mahler on the Couch
2416:Studies on Hysteria
2094:. p. 326 and p. 60.
1983:Extraordinary Minds
1745:(MIT 1997). p. 400.
1741:Malcolm Macmillan,
813:molecular diffusion
187:Countertransference
44:Original title
21:
2936:A Dangerous Method
2803:Deferred obedience
2487:The Ego and the Id
2343:Nirvana Principle"
2301:Abingdon-on-Thames
1796:Francesco Vitale,
1182:Critical reception
1157:observed that "in
816:the death drives.
769:pleasure principle
767:, governed by the
529:Schools of thought
462:The Ego and the Id
19:
3025:
3024:
2808:Reality principle
2691:Sergei Pankejeff
2679:Bertha Pappenheim
2314:978-0-429-92124-7
2277:Project Gutenberg
1767:Charles Rycroft,
1699:978-0-262-52859-7
1411:On Metapsychology
1366:978-3-319-24612-3
898:essence of drives
736:
735:
220:Important figures
147:Psychic apparatus
83:
82:
76:Publication place
3055:
2947:(2020 TV series)
2813:Seduction theory
2749:Free association
2694:
2682:
2668:Irma's injection
2663:
2650:
2432:
2386:
2379:
2372:
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2235:Bernard Stiegler
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2189:Freud, Sigmund.
2187:
2181:
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2168:
2161:
2155:
2150:Gilles Deleuze,
2148:
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2130:
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2062:Gilles Deleuze,
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2028:
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2015:
2008:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1981:Howard Gardner,
1979:
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1652:
1647:Gunnar Karlson,
1645:
1639:
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1595:Freud, Sigmund.
1593:
1587:
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1555:
1548:
1542:
1537:Jean Laplanche,
1535:
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1293:
1284:(3): 1116–1128.
1269:
1263:
1254:"death drives" (
1248:
1139:the transference
1120:
1090:Maurice Blanchot
1010:Sabina Spielrein
971:
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728:
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669:Depth psychology
571:Object relations
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2897:
2893:Religious views
2883:Neo-Freudianism
2817:
2791:Oedipus complex
2709:
2703:
2692:
2676:
2662:("Little Hans")
2661:
2648:
2635:
2525:
2455:Totem and Taboo
2426:
2395:
2390:
2323:Death Instincts
2315:
2287:Laplanche, Jean
2280:
2269:
2258:
2224:Jacques Derrida
2220:
2218:Further reading
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1131:the unconscious
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1171:symbolic order
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2577:On Narcissism
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2878:Inner circle
2829:Bibliography
2754:Transference
2732:Preconscious
2640:Case studies
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1492:. Retrieved
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1291:10.2741/3297
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1260:the singular
1255:
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1225:Ernest Jones
1220:
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1200:
1199:remarked in
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777:death drives
772:
757:drive theory
739:
738:
737:
510:
502:Anti-Oedipus
500:
490:
480:
470:
460:
451:
450:
440:
431:of Sexuality
427:
416:
406:
272:Freud (Anna)
182:Transference
167:Introjection
157:Ego defenses
137:Preconscious
47:
3048:1920 essays
2955:(2023 film)
2939:(2011 film)
2931:(2010 film)
2923:(1993 play)
2920:The Visitor
2915:(1962 film)
2856:1971 statue
2693:("Wolfman")
2649:(Ida Bauer)
2427:(including
2281:(in German)
1728:Laplanche,
1379:Laplanche,
1256:Todestriebe
1250:Freud used
1085:André Green
962:death drive
909:remembering
132:Unconscious
3032:Categories
3017:Jofi (dog)
2904:depictions
2769:Anal stage
2764:Oral stage
2742:censorship
2408:On Aphasia
2092:Seminar II
2023:Quinodox,
1996:W. R. Bion
1688:. p.
1426:. p. 704n.
1331:Eric Berne
1252:the plural
1239:References
1149:Eric Berne
1135:repetition
1068:Todestrieb
1029:Conclusion
972:" either.
894:repetition
785:aggression
581:Relational
192:Resistance
162:Projection
2863:Interment
2737:Ego ideal
2686:"Rat Man"
2673:"Anna O."
2466:(1916–17)
2429:On Dreams
2305:Routledge
2293:(2018) .
2207:Webspace.
2180:. p. 505.
2133:Peter Gay
2027:. p. 189.
2014:. p. 272.
1959:. p. 336.
1946:. p. 395.
1920:. p. 504.
1907:. p. 703.
1894:. p. 333.
1732:. p. 110.
1719:. p. 401.
1686:MIT Press
1664:. p. 311.
1638:. p. 507.
1625:. p. 308.
1612:. p. 304.
1586:. p. 292.
1570:. p. 290.
1554:. p. 288.
1515:. p. 506.
1494:March 15,
1455:. p. 280.
1442:. p. 399.
1383:. p. 107.
1300:1093-9946
1197:Peter Gay
1143:the drive
1006:masochism
861:principle
821:Carl Jung
382:Winnicott
362:Spielrein
342:Laplanche
262:Fairbairn
202:Dreamwork
2902:Cultural
2841:Archives
2710:concepts
2708:Original
2540:" (1896)
2336:Thanatos
1868:. p. 328
1318:19273119
833:frescoes
799:Overview
781:Thanatos
657:See also
599:Training
576:Reichian
551:Lacanian
536:Adlerian
377:Sullivan
372:Strachey
327:Kristeva
302:Jacobson
297:Irigaray
287:Guattari
267:Ferenczi
252:Chodorow
207:Cathexis
115:Concepts
88:Part of
58:Language
2822:Related
2647:"Dora"
2176:Jones,
2090:Lacan,
1955:Freud,
1916:Jones,
1890:Freud,
1864:Freud,
1851:Jones,
1838:Freud,
1660:Freud,
1634:Jones,
1621:Freud,
1608:Freud,
1582:Freud,
1566:Freud,
1550:Freud,
1511:Jones,
1451:Freud,
1309:4450718
566:Marxist
546:Jungian
257:Erikson
227:Abraham
79:Germany
2964:Family
2727:Libido
2675:
2632:(1928)
2624:(1922)
2618:(1920)
2610:(1918)
2602:(1916)
2594:(1915)
2588:(1914)
2580:(1914)
2572:(1910)
2564:(1908)
2556:(1907)
2548:(1905)
2530:Essays
2522:(1939)
2514:(1930)
2506:(1927)
2498:(1926)
2490:(1923)
2482:(1921)
2474:(1917)
2458:(1913)
2450:(1905)
2442:(1901)
2434:(1899)
2419:(1895)
2411:(1891)
2331:];
2311:
1957:Beyond
1892:Beyond
1866:Beyond
1855:p. 509
1840:Beyond
1696:
1662:Beyond
1623:Beyond
1610:Beyond
1584:Beyond
1568:Beyond
1552:Beyond
1453:Beyond
1363:
1316:
1306:
1298:
1205:that "
1081:finder
1060:Beyond
1035:libido
947:way".
924:motto
905:repeat
791:, and
773:beyond
765:libido
745:German
516:(1989)
506:(1972)
496:(1964)
486:(1933)
476:(1930)
466:(1923)
456:(1920)
446:(1912)
435:(1905)
422:(1901)
412:(1899)
367:Stekel
347:Mahler
292:Horney
247:Breuer
237:Balint
197:Denial
172:Libido
61:German
34:Author
2944:Freud
2873:Humor
2400:Books
1944:Freud
1942:Gay,
1905:Freud
1903:Gay,
1717:Freud
1715:Gay,
1440:Freud
1438:Gay,
1424:Freud
1422:Gay,
1164:Both
1107:With
1022:Plato
945:every
922:Latin
839:" of
837:canti
387:Žižek
357:Reich
337:Laing
332:Lacan
322:Klein
317:Kohut
307:Jones
282:Fromm
232:Adler
177:Drive
2352:" ("
2309:ISBN
2237:'s "
2178:Life
1918:Life
1853:Life
1730:Life
1694:ISBN
1636:Life
1513:Life
1496:2020
1381:Life
1361:ISBN
1314:PMID
1296:ISSN
1141:and
1125:For
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805:Eros
779:(or
761:Eros
352:Rank
312:Jung
242:Bion
71:1920
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