304:, which related to the payments of taxes by Native Americans who lived in the Franciscan missions. López believed that these natives should pay taxes like the other residents of New Mexico, while the missionaries thought that Native Americans who served the Church not should pay them and defended that these Indians were sanctioned if they paid the tributes. In addition, López banned that the Franciscans could beat up the Native Americans who worked in the missions, a punishment that the Franciscans exercised at times when they believed it was needed. Ironically, he was also charged with
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422:, before his appointment as governor of New Mexico, he met and married Teresa de Aguilera y Roche, a native of Alexsandria, Italy. López opened a store in the Casa Real of Santa Fe, trading products such as sugar, chocolate, hats and shoes, among others, to the colonists. Amerindians (especially Pueblos) worked for López manufacturing different products for his business including leather goods, whole stockings, and other products as well as wagons for caravans, etc.
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province, having rejected the governor and the difficulty he created for their religious activity because of the new laws in New Mexico. However, they ended up staying in the province. Former
Governor Manso, whom Mendizábal had as a prisoner while he ruled New Mexico, moved to Mexico City where he led a revolt against López.
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In the summer of 1662, Lopez "was barred from holding" any political charge for eight years and was forced to pay a fine of 3,000 pesos. Later, in 1663, the
Inquisition jailed López and his wife, both for counts of malfeasance and for practicing Judaism. They were imprisoned in Santo Domingo Pueblo,
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The
Franciscans registed the customs of López and his wife, Teresa, who, they suspected, was not a Christian. The records included their spotty attendance at Mass. However, López also recorded the "sexual indiscretions" who the clergy were carried out, whose members had sexual intercourse with women
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The population in New Mexico was divided in two groups according to their support for López. Part of the population supported the governor's political actions, while the other rejected them and sent letters against him to the
Viceroy of New Spain. In 1660, the missionary priests agreed to leave the
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López doubled the wages paid to the Native
Americans who worked for the Spanish, and recognized the right of Native Americans to practice their religions and not to have to assist each Sunday at Mass. If the Franciscans inflicted corporal punishment for that reason, Native Americans could take
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traders who traveled to Jémez lands to sell their products, while he captured their women and children to use them as personal slaves. On another occasion he led military campaigns against the
Navajos and the Apaches of Taos, capturing hundreds of them and selling them in places further south.
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to rule out or at least to minimize the charges made against him. However, Peñalosa would not accept a bribe of less than 10,000 pesos. López refused to pay this amount, so the governors did not reach any agreement. In the same month Peñalosa abolished López's law regarding taxes, forcing the
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Native
Americans, comparing them with dances such as the zarambeque, often performed in Spain, which were not banned by the church. In fact, he and his wife attended these dances and the governor permitted the Pueblos to perform their religious dances in the Governor's Palace in
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In
December 1661, Peñalosa charged López with 33 counts of malfeasance that took place while he governed New Mexico. This included a law that forced to settlers, Amerindians and clergy to give their goods to Mendizábal, the sale of these goods in
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to work if they were not paying a salary and recognized their right to practice their religion. These acts caused disagreements with the
Franciscan missionaries of New Mexico in their dealings with the Native Americans. He was indicted by the
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for imprison López and his wife. However, before the arrest was effected, Peñalosa promised to help him to leave the province if he gives him some of their lands. López refused to transfer lands to Peñalosa and these were confiscated by him.
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at the Jesuit college at Puebla, but finished his studies at the university in Mexico City. Mendizábal also joined the
Spanish Army, where he served in the Galeón de la Armada. During a period of time, Lopez was part of the garrison of the
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López and Juan Ramírez, who arrived with him in New Mexico, clashed over his ideas about the established limits of the civil and religious functions. Also, López was accused for having established a similarity between himself and the
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He was buried in a pen near the prison. Several months later, his wife's judgment was suspended and she was released from the prison. Teresa pressed for her husband's exhumation and, in April 1671, the
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on thirty-three counts of malfeasance and the practice of Judaism in 1660. He was replaced in the same year and his administration ended. He was arrested in 1663 and died as a prisoner in 1664.
336:, López appointed as leaders the Pueblo Indians who had murdered the previous priest, leading the Franciscans to accuse him of ordering disobedience by the Amerindians against their order.
380:, in modern Mexico, and the organization of military campaigns against the Apaches to obtain slaves to sell. At the same time, Juan Manso returned to the province in the position of
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in Mexico City. López arrived in Mexico City suffering from an unnamed ailment. The judgments of marriage dragged on and López died on September 16, 1664, because of the ailment.
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captain and legal representative, while his mother, Leonor Pastrana, was a granddaughter of Juan Núñez de León, a Jew who was prosecuted by the
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late that year, although apparently he did not assume the position until July 11, 1659. During this period he also worked as a
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Sanchez, Joseph P. "Nicolas de Aguilar and the Jurisdiction of Salinas in the Province of New Mexico, 1659-1662",
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175:(1620 – September 16, 1664) was a Spanish politician, soldier, and religious scholar, who served as governor of
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In November 1661, having left his residence in the governor's house, López tried to bribe Peñalosa with 6,000
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of their parishes. López himself also was engaging in that activity, as was recognized by the Franciscans.
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Recovering the U.S. Hispanic Linguistic Heritage: Sociohistorical Approaches to Spanish in United States
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The charges against López resulted in the appointment of a new governor to New Mexico in 1660,
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in Chietla. López also had a brother - Gregorio López de Mendizábal. López studied arts and
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Juan Domínguez de Mendoza: Soldier and Frontiersman of the Spanish Southwest: 1627-1693
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reprisals against them. López allowed the preservation of the ceremonial dances of the
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The Pueblo Revolt of 1680: Conquest and Resistance in Seventeenth-Century New Mexico
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López also killed and enslaved Native Americans. In the 1660s, he murdered
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López de Mendizábal was appointed New Mexico's governor in 1658 to replace
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From Household to Empire: Society and Economy in Early Colonial New Mexico
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Violence over the Land: Indians and Empires in the Early American West
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To the End of the Earth: A History of the Crypto-Jews of New Mexico
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237:(in modern Colombia). López occupied many government positions in
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dropped the case and "his body was exhumed and reburied in the
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Indian Alliances and the Spanish in the Southwest, 750–1750
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López de Mendizábal was born about 1620 in the town of
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550:. The University of Oklahoma Press. Pages 102 and 103.
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López chose the Spaniard Miguel de Noriega (native of
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530:. University of New Mexico Press. Chapter: "Notes".
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802:Diego Dionisio de Peñalosa Briceño y Berdugo
504:. The University of Arizona Press. Page 197.
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27:Colonial governor of Santa Fe de New Mexico
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601:. first Harvard University Press. Page 29.
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712:Cristóbal de Oñate (son of Juan de Oñate)
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660:The Shadow of the Inquisition, 1659–1680
368:Amerindians at missions to pay tribute.
1028:List of Mexican governors of New Mexico
882:Jose Chacón Medina Salazar y Villaseñor
410:", now the city center in Mexico City.
300:missionaries in New Mexico, especially
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617:. Columbia University Press. Page 173.
526:Simmons, Marc; Esquivel, José (2012).
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359:Charges against him and his last years
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646:. New York University Press. Page 13.
642:A. Foster, Thomas. (editor; 2015).
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288:. This was "a statement that the
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408:Church of Santo Domingo (Puebla)
265:. López and his wife arrived in
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1032:List of governors of New Mexico
737:Francisco Manuel de Silva Nieto
696:Spanish governors of New Mexico
500:Trigg, Heather Bethany (2005).
927:Enrique de Olavide y Michelena
852:Domingo Gironza Petriz Cruzate
842:Domingo Gironza Petriz Cruzate
782:Hernando de Ugarte y la Concha
757:Juan Flores de Sierra y Valdés
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308:of the natives and kidnapping
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46:Spanish Governor of New Mexico
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892:Felix Martínez de Torrelaguna
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887:Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollon
797:Bernardo López de Mendizábal
767:Alonso de Pacheco de Herédia
626:Balestra, Alejandra (2008).
173:Bernardo López de Mendizábal
34:Bernardo López de Mendizábal
18:Bernardo López de Mendizabal
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992:Joaquín del Real Alencaster
747:Francisco Martínez de Baeza
613:Hordes, Stanley M. (2005).
588:. University Oklahoma Pres.
584:Carter, William B. (2009).
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139:Teresa de Aguilera y Roche
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877:Francisco Cuervo y Valdés
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777:Luis de Guzmán y Figueroa
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257:Government in New Mexico
249:in Guayacocotla, on the
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106:Viceroyalty of New Spain
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847:Pedro Reneros de Posada
822:Juan de Medrano y Mesía
792:Juan Manso de Contreras
732:Felipe de Sotelo Osorio
597:Blackhawk, Ned (2006).
263:Juan Manso de Contreras
69:Juan Manso de Contreras
1012:Pedro María de Allande
862:Pedro Rodríguez Cubero
832:Juan Francisco Treviño
817:Fernando de Villanueva
727:Juan Álvarez de Eulate
722:Bernardino de Ceballos
644:Women in Early America
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977:Juan Bautista de Anza
827:Juan Durán de Miranda
812:Juan Durán de Miranda
251:Sierra Madre Oriental
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962:Tomás Vélez Cachupín
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772:Fernando de Argüello
253:, in modern Mexico.
312:to sell as slaves.
306:labour exploitation
235:Cartagena de Indias
1071:People from Puebla
837:Antonio de Otermin
127:September 16, 1664
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353:Diego de Peñalosa
245:. López was also
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218:inquisition
200:Early years
194:Inquisition
130:Mexico City
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298:Franciscan
177:New Mexico
144:Profession
420:Cartagena
286:Eucharist
243:New Spain
226:canon law
155:Signature
58:1659–1660
54:In office
327:Santa Fe
267:Santa Fe
231:Presidio
222:hacienda
384:of the
310:Apaches
292:of the
206:Chietla
102:Chietla
378:Sonora
374:Parral
341:Navajo
322:Pueblo
271:custos
214:Basque
210:Puebla
148:Custos
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116:Mexico
112:Puebla
365:pesos
208:, in
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