611:
their own believers is more that ever necessary and urgent for them. Always keeping in mind what is set down in canon 395 of the Code of Canon Law on the obligation of residence in their diocese, they can also be an example to their own priests." He warned against allowing
African priests to relocate permanently in Europe, to "roam the dioceses of the Western world more in search of their own material comfort than out of genuine pastoral zeal". And he warned European religious orders against such personnel transfers: "The European religious congregations on their last legs or threatened with extinction should not go seeking cheap reinvigoration among the young Churches in Asia or Africa."
563:. On 25 June 1984, Gantin opted to become a member of the order of cardinal priests. For the next fourteen years he collaborated with Pope John Paul in shaping the hierarchy of the Church, both in making appointments and in managing the agendas for the periodic visits bishops make to consult with the pope and the Curia. On the pope's behalf he managed appointments of conservative prelates in dioceses that did not welcome them in the Netherlands and Switzerland, removed an outspoken liberal French bishop, contended with Latin American advocates for the rights of indigenous peoples, and the excommunication of
240:
266:
2027:
2041:
46:
529:
610:
In retirement he spoke more freely than he had while under the obligations of office. In 2006 he criticized his contemporary bishops in Africa: "If I have to make a complaint it would be this: if at one time the bishops moved little, today they travel too much. Sitting down, listening, praying with
602:
that bishops need to consider themselves married to their sees and expect their relationship to be lifelong. He said he had been shocked by overt expressions of "careerism" and "social climbing". He suggested that bishops should be transferred "to less developed, more difficult sees rather than to
606:
On 29 November 2002, with the permission of Pope John Paul, he retired as Dean of the
College of Cardinals and cardinal bishop of Ostia, which required he reside in Rome. Now eighty years old, he retired to Cotonou, which he had visited regularly throughout his years in Rome. He remained cardinal
676:
to succeed him as dean, which some
Vatican observers believe made Ratzinger's election as pope inevitable, which may have motivated Gantin's repeated attempts to resign. Another describes Gantin as "the inadvertent architect of Ratzinger's election" to the
732:
331:
for nine years. His prominence in the hierarchy of the Church was unprecedented for an
African and has been equaled by few non-Italians. He began his career in his native country first as an auxiliary bishop and then as archbishop of
488:
In 1976, Pope Paul appointed him head of the
President of the Pontifical Commission for Justice and Peace, making him the first African to head a curial department. This commission was headed by a cardinal, so Gantin held the title
623:
in Paris after a long illness on 13 May 2008, less than a week after being transferred there from Benin and five days after his 86th birthday. The
Beninese government declared three days of mourning for him, beginning on 14 May.
826:
597:
He ended his service as prefect of the
Congregation for Bishops and President of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America on 25 June 1998. Less than a year later, in April 1999, he endorsed a views of Cardinal
2126:
1638:
1352:
408:, by Archbishop Louis Parisot of Cotonou. He then fulfilled pastoral assignments while also teaching languages at the seminary. In 1953 he was sent to Rome where he studied at the
336:. In 1971 he began his thirty-year career in the Curia. After he had spent several years in the role of senior assistant, he held a series of senior positions as president of the
590:
The six Latin-church cardinal bishops elect the dean and subdean, who takes his position when the pope consents to the election. On 5 June 1993, Gantin was elected and confirmed
587:, one of six Latin-church members of the highest rank of cardinals, responsible for electing the dean and sub dean of the college who manage the conclave that elects the pope.
1614:
603:
more comfortable and prestigious ones". He also said that there should be no connection between a see and a place in the
College of Cardinals, offering Milan as an example.
2146:
733:"The death of Cardinal Bernardin Gantin, Dean Emeritus of the College of Cardinals, first African appointed by the Pope to a prominent position in the Roman Curia"
519:. At the first of them he was reportedly one of three cardinals who counted the votes. During the second of these conclaves, Gantin was thought to be one of the
607:
bishop of
Palestrina. Two years into his retirement he described his situation: "I left Rome in body but not in spirit. I am a Roman missionary in my country."
2106:
1356:
567:, with whom he had worked in Africa in the 1960s. Years later, John Paul referred to their years of "regular contact and an almost unique familiarity".
2141:
1727:
987:
584:
37:
2116:
2131:
2111:
1242:
2166:
2161:
1467:
474:
133:
594:, which gave him the additional title cardinal bishop of Ostia. He was the first non-European to hold this office and remains the only one.
2101:
1805:
1538:
1492:
1029:
493:
until Pope Paul made him a cardinal on 27 June 1977. He was made a member of the order of cardinal deacons and assigned the deaconry of
2156:
2151:
2136:
2096:
1103:
1080:"Lettera del Santo Padre all'Em.mo Card. Bernadin Gantin per la Dispensa dall'Ufficio di Decano del Collegio Cardinalizio, 30.11.2002"
827:"Cardinal Bernardin Gantin: Ally of John Paul II who exercised great influence at the Vatican as head of the Congregation for Bishops"
478:
337:
117:
2091:
1684:
560:
1079:
1955:
1322:
620:
239:
2076:
1442:
432:
333:
108:
2121:
1297:
2086:
1847:
1427:
1298:"Conferenza Stampa di Presentazione della Cattedra "Cardinal Bernadin Gantin" nella Pontificia UniversitĂ Lateranense"
481:
and on 5 January 1976 Gantin received the additional responsibilities of the Vice
President of the Pontifical Council
1913:
1165:
1129:
1272:
508:, the only administrative appointment of his month-long papacy. Gantin met with John Paul I the day before he died.
1815:
1773:
591:
440:
129:
633:
In May 2013, Vatican officials inaugurated a chair named for him devoted to "Socializing Policy in Africa" at the
1961:
1798:
1157:
The Rise of Benedict XVI: The Inside Story of How the Pope was Elected and Where He Will Take the Catholic Church
988:"Letter of John Paul II to Cardinal Bernadin Gantin on the 50th Anniversary of his Ordination to the Priesthood"
1937:
360:
promoted him to the rank of cardinal bishop in 1986, and his peers elected him dean, the highest office in the
634:
413:
477:
in 1971 and secretary of that Congregation in 1973. On 19 December 1975 he was named Vice President of the
1053:""Once a bishop is appointed to a particular see, he must generally and in principle stay there for ever""
2081:
1931:
1877:
1589:
1511:
409:
341:
1246:
1791:
1477:
653:
294:
1973:
924:
273:
1754:
1700:
1665:
1565:
552:
494:
348:
123:
1009:
968:
949:
871:
852:
802:
758:
1907:
1737:
703:
95:
556:
452:
448:
1859:
1853:
1155:
783:
580:
59:
630:
visited his tomb in the chapel of the Seminary of Saint Gall in Ouidah on 19 November 2011.
2071:
2066:
2015:
1821:
1416:
361:
328:
1639:
President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People
8:
1949:
1943:
1710:
1675:
1364:
1092:
The pope's letter is date 19 March 2002 and published on 29 November without explanation.
1967:
436:
165:
2045:
1985:
1865:
1835:
1720:
1631:
1502:
85:
2003:
1919:
1871:
1841:
1764:
1658:
1582:
1161:
641:
627:
548:
516:
357:
1783:
1883:
1599:
1548:
1521:
1460:
673:
599:
512:
505:
265:
1216:
1052:
1895:
1889:
1395:
1189:
894:
576:
564:
444:
320:
1378:
1648:
1615:
Vice-President of Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses
1323:"Réaménagement de l'Aéroport International Cardinal Bernadin Gantin de Cotonou"
424:
377:
455:(1962–1965), where he first became friends with the future Pope John Paul II.
2060:
2009:
1979:
1925:
1387:
1373:
420:
301:
1991:
1901:
1747:
473:
and gave him a series of assignments, starring as adjunct secretary of the
466:
353:
178:
25:
525:, those cardinals who are thought to have a chance of being elected pope.
435:. He received his episcopal consecration on 3 February 1957 from Cardinal
1558:
1531:
533:
470:
400:
at age fourteen and was ordained to the priesthood on 14 January 1951 in
324:
2026:
528:
500:
On 4 September 1978, he was named President of the Pontifical Council
788:
2127:
Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants
2040:
1243:"Benin starts three-day national mourning for late Cardinal Gantin"
521:
393:
45:
1493:
Vice-President of the Pontifical Commission for Justice and Peace
1104:"In voodoo capital, Benedict blasts 'occultism and evil spirits'"
559:
dioceses throughout the world. He was also made president of the
555:, which supervises episcopal appointments in the non-missionary
401:
1468:
Secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
1069:
This interview conducted in April 1999 was republished in 2008.
428:
397:
228:
784:
Cardinal Bernardin Gantin, Africa's leading cardinal, has died
644:, Benin's main international airport, was named in his honor.
544:
In 1982, he accompanied Pope John Paul on his visit to Benin.
537:
381:
373:
316:
224:
207:
203:
1539:
President of the Pontifical Commission for Justice and Peace
1030:"I Decani del Sacro Collegio: il Cardinale Bernardin Gantin"
416:, where he earned his licenciate in theology and canon law.
405:
1701:
Cardinal-Priest 'pro hac vice' of Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
458:
He was chairman of the West African Episcopal Conference.
392:, tree ). His father was a railway worker. He entered the
511:
He participated in the 1978 conclaves that elected Popes
118:
President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
1685:
President of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America
575:
On 29 September 1986, Pope John Paul appointed Gantin
451:. As archbishop, he attended all four sessions of the
1813:
485:, as Pope Paul was combining those two departments.
1245:. African Press Agency. 14 May 2008. Archived from
1082:(in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 19 March 2002
364:, in 1993. He retired to Benin when he turned 80.
1512:Vice-President of the Pontifical Council Cor unum
384:), on 8 May 1922. His name means "tree of iron" (
327:for twenty years and the highest position in the
2058:
1273:"The lonely liberation theology of Benedict XVI"
2147:Member of the Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco
990:. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 14 December 2000
475:Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
1799:
1190:""I remain a Roman missionary in my country""
821:
819:
817:
1590:President of the Pontifical Council Cor unum
1223:(Interview). Interviewed by Gianni Cardinale
1196:(Interview). Interviewed by Gianni Cardinale
1059:(Interview). Interviewed by Gianni Cardinale
901:(Interview). Interviewed by Gianni Cardinale
1566:Cardinal-Deacon of Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
918:
916:
570:
50:Gantin during his early years as a cardinal
2107:Participants in the Second Vatican Council
1806:
1792:
860:. Vol. LXIX. 1977. pp. 377, 380.
814:
238:
44:
2142:Recipients of the Order of the White Lion
1303:(Press release) (in Italian). 25 May 2013
1270:
1266:
1264:
1153:
1101:
888:
886:
779:
777:
775:
773:
704:"Bernardin Gantin, Cardinal, 86, Is Dead"
698:
696:
694:
2117:Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
1017:. Vol. LXXVIII. 1986. p. 1070.
913:
527:
479:Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
338:Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
2132:Pontifical Commission for Latin America
2112:Members of the Congregation for Bishops
1666:Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops
1355:. Holy See Press Office. Archived from
1271:Allen Jr., John L. (20 November 2011).
1102:Allen Jr., John L. (19 November 2011).
1027:
727:
725:
561:Pontifical Commission for Latin America
124:Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops
2059:
1417:Titular Bishop of Tipasa in Mauretania
1383:The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
1261:
1214:
1187:
1050:
892:
883:
770:
691:
16:Beninese Catholic cardinal (1922–2008)
2167:Prefects of the Dicastery for Bishops
2162:Roman Catholic archbishops of Cotonou
1787:
976:. Vol. LXXVI. 1984. p. 755.
957:. Vol. LXXVI. 1984. p. 508.
766:. Vol. XXXXIX. 1957. p. 81.
1516:16 December 1976 – 4 September 1978
1497:19 December 1975 – 16 December 1976
1472:26 February 1973 – 19 December 1975
1327:Agence National de l'Aviation Civile
1128:Elie, Paul (January–February 2006).
1127:
922:
722:
2102:Beninese Roman Catholic archbishops
893:Gantin, Bernadin (September 2003).
879:. Vol. LXX. 1978. p. 755.
810:. Vol. LII. 1960. p. 328.
614:
13:
1428:Francisco Xavier da Piedade Rebelo
1422:11 December 1956 – 5 January 1960
14:
2178:
2157:Roman Catholic bishops of Cotonou
2152:People from Atlantique Department
2137:Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI
2097:Deans of the College of Cardinals
1705:25 June 1984 – 29 September 1986
1345:
1188:Gantin, Bernadin (January 2005).
1028:Mancini, Marco (30 August 2021).
323:who held senior positions in the
315:(8 May 1922 – 13 May 2008) was a
2039:
2025:
1774:Dean of the College of Cardinals
1732:29 September 1986 – 13 May 2008
1594:4 September 1978 – 8 April 1984
1543:16 December 1976 – 8 April 1984
672:His retirement allowed Cardinal
592:Dean of the College of Cardinals
441:Dean of the College of Cardinals
264:
130:Dean of the College of Cardinals
1778:5 June 1993 – 30 November 2002
1759:5 June 1993 – 30 November 2002
1315:
1290:
1235:
1217:"My Africa blessed by the Lord"
1208:
1181:
1147:
1121:
1095:
1072:
1044:
1021:
1002:
980:
961:
942:
710:. Associated Press. 16 May 2008
666:
367:
114:Archbishop of Cotonou (1960–71)
2092:Cardinal-bishops of Palestrina
1956:Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte
1447:5 January 1960 – 28 June 1971
1215:Gantin, Bernadin (June 2006).
895:""They were all very content""
864:
845:
795:
751:
461:
1:
1728:Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina
1051:Gantin, Bernadin (May 2008).
684:
635:Pontifical Lateran University
551:appointed him prefect of the
414:Pontifical Lateran University
356:made him a cardinal in 1977,
38:Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina
2077:Officials of the Roman Curia
1689:8 April 1984 – 25 June 1998
1670:8 April 1984 – 25 June 1998
1643:8 April 1984 – 1 March 1989
1570:27 June 1977 – 25 June 1984
372:Bernadin Gantin was born in
347:, and prefect of the Sacred
7:
2122:Pontifical Council Cor Unum
1695:Himself as Cardinal-Deacon
1574:Himself as Cardinal-Priest
1365:"Bernardin Cardinal Gantin"
1154:Allen Jr., John L. (2007).
647:
410:Pontifical Urban University
109:Auxiliary Bishop of Cotonou
10:
2183:
1478:Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy
1277:National Catholic Reporter
1160:. Crown Publishing Group.
1108:National Catholic Reporter
925:"Cardinal Bernadin Gantin"
654:Roman Catholicism in Benin
306:Palestrina (suburbicarian)
2087:Cardinal-bishops of Ostia
2034:
2023:
1831:
1771:
1765:Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger
1761:
1752:
1744:
1734:
1725:
1717:
1707:
1698:
1682:
1672:
1663:
1655:
1645:
1636:
1628:
1612:
1606:
1596:
1587:
1579:
1563:
1555:
1545:
1536:
1528:
1518:
1509:
1499:
1490:
1484:
1474:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1440:
1434:
1424:
1407:
1401:
1394:
532:Gantin celebrating Mass,
300:
290:
282:
272:
263:
250:
234:
214:
189:
184:
171:
158:
148:
143:
101:
91:
81:
73:
65:
55:
43:
36:
23:
2012:(1927–2022) (1991, 2005)
2006:(1927–2022) (1977, 2002)
2000:(1922–2008) (1977, 1993)
1994:(1913–1995) (1965, 1986)
1988:(1893–1986) (1958, 1977)
1982:(1895–1977) (1960, 1974)
1976:(1883–1973) (1958, 1972)
1970:(1884–1972) (1936, 1951)
1964:(1871–1951) (1930, 1948)
1958:(1851–1948) (1911, 1930)
1952:(1836–1930) (1889, 1915)
1946:(1834–1915) (1887, 1913)
1940:(1828–1913) (1873, 1896)
1938:Oreglia di Santo Stefano
1934:(1827–1896) (1868, 1889)
1928:(1808–1889) (1861, 1884)
1922:(1806–1884) (1853, 1878)
1916:(1796–1878) (1837, 1876)
1910:(1798–1876) (1834, 1870)
1904:(1792–1870) (1832, 1860)
1898:(1770–1860) (1826, 1847)
1892:(1775–1847) (1824, 1844)
1886:(1756–1844) (1801, 1830)
1880:(1744–1830) (1795, 1820)
1874:(1744–1820) (1779, 1814)
1868:(1730–1811) (1775, 1807)
1862:(1725–1807) (1747, 1803)
1856:(1720–1803) (1747, 1774)
1850:(1683–1774) (1743, 1763)
1844:(1694–1763) (1735, 1761)
1838:(1670–1761) (1737, 1755)
1755:Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia
1353:"Gantin, Card. Bernadin"
659:
571:Cardinal bishop and dean
553:Congregation for Bishops
495:Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re
431:and auxiliary bishop of
349:Congregation for Bishops
134:Cardinal Bishop of Ostia
1487:RamĂłn Torrella Cascante
1130:"The Year of Two Popes"
2046:Catholicism portal
1914:di San Filippo e Sorso
1396:Catholic Church titles
1011:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
970:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
951:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
873:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
854:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
804:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
760:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
541:
453:Second Vatican Council
1962:Marchetti Selvaggiani
1443:Archbishop of Cotonou
1410:— TITULAR —
581:suburbicarian diocese
531:
469:appointed him to the
449:Archbishop of Cotonou
443:. On 5 January 1960,
419:On 11 December 1956,
154:by Louis Parisot
60:Roman Catholic Church
2018:(1934–) (2001, 2020)
1823:College of Cardinals
1738:José Saraiva Martins
362:College of Cardinals
329:College of Cardinals
96:José Saraiva Martins
1711:Jacques-Paul Martin
1676:Lucas Moreira Neves
1623:Position abolished
342:Pontifical Council
340:, president of the
2082:Beninese cardinals
1932:Monaco La Valletta
1721:Carlo Confalonieri
1632:Carlo Confalonieri
1503:Jan Pieter Schotte
1379:"Gantin, Bernadin"
1369:Catholic Hierarchy
708:The New York Times
542:
86:Carlo Confalonieri
2054:
2053:
1782:
1781:
1762:Succeeded by
1735:Succeeded by
1708:Succeeded by
1673:Succeeded by
1659:Sebastiano Baggio
1646:Succeeded by
1597:Succeeded by
1583:Jean-Marie Villot
1546:Succeeded by
1519:Succeeded by
1500:Succeeded by
1475:Succeeded by
1452:Christophe Adimou
1450:Succeeded by
1425:Succeeded by
1412:
1359:on 28 April 2005.
923:Stanford, Peter.
833:. 23 October 2011
642:Cadjehoun Airport
628:Pope Benedict XVI
621:Pompidou Hospital
549:Pope John Paul II
547:On 8 April 1984,
358:Pope John Paul II
310:
309:
246:
245:
77:29 September 1986
2174:
2044:
2043:
2029:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1745:Preceded by
1718:Preceded by
1656:Preceded by
1629:Preceded by
1607:Preceded by
1600:Roger Etchegaray
1580:Preceded by
1556:Preceded by
1549:Roger Etchegaray
1529:Preceded by
1522:Alfredo Bruniera
1485:Preceded by
1461:Sergio Pignedoli
1458:Preceded by
1435:Preceded by
1408:
1402:Preceded by
1392:
1391:
1386:
1372:
1360:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
984:
978:
977:
975:
965:
959:
958:
956:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
920:
911:
910:
908:
906:
890:
881:
880:
878:
868:
862:
861:
859:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
823:
812:
811:
809:
799:
793:
781:
768:
767:
765:
755:
749:
748:
746:
744:
729:
720:
719:
717:
715:
700:
678:
674:Joseph Ratzinger
670:
615:Death and legacy
600:Vincenzo Fagiolo
506:Pope John Paul I
437:Eugène Tisserant
412:and then at the
313:Bernardin Gantin
268:
258:
257:Bernardin Gantin
253:
248:
247:
242:
221:
199:
197:
185:Personal details
172:Created cardinal
166:Eugène Tisserant
102:Previous post(s)
48:
31:Bernardin Gantin
21:
20:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2038:
2030:
2021:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1777:
1767:
1758:
1750:
1740:
1731:
1723:
1713:
1704:
1688:
1678:
1669:
1661:
1651:
1642:
1634:
1618:
1610:
1609:Sighard Kleiner
1602:
1593:
1585:
1569:
1561:
1551:
1542:
1534:
1524:
1515:
1505:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1471:
1463:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1377:
1363:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1100:
1096:
1085:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1062:
1060:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
986:
985:
981:
973:
967:
966:
962:
954:
948:
947:
943:
933:
931:
921:
914:
904:
902:
891:
884:
876:
870:
869:
865:
857:
851:
850:
846:
836:
834:
831:The Independent
825:
824:
815:
807:
801:
800:
796:
782:
771:
763:
757:
756:
752:
742:
740:
731:
730:
723:
713:
711:
702:
701:
692:
687:
682:
681:
671:
667:
662:
650:
619:Gantin died at
617:
577:cardinal bishop
573:
565:Marcel Lefebvre
464:
445:Pope John XXIII
370:
321:Catholic Church
319:prelate of the
274:Reference style
256:
254:
251:
223:
219:
210:
201:
195:
193:
176:
163:
162:3 February 1957
153:
152:14 January 1951
139:
51:
32:
29:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2180:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1878:della Somaglia
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1649:Giovanni Cheli
1647:
1644:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1375:
1361:
1347:
1346:External links
1344:
1341:
1340:
1314:
1289:
1260:
1249:on 18 May 2008
1234:
1207:
1180:
1166:
1146:
1120:
1094:
1071:
1043:
1020:
1001:
979:
960:
941:
912:
882:
863:
844:
813:
794:
769:
750:
721:
689:
688:
686:
683:
680:
679:
664:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
649:
646:
616:
613:
572:
569:
463:
460:
447:appointed him
425:titular bishop
423:appointed him
394:minor seminary
378:French Dahomey
369:
366:
308:
307:
304:
298:
297:
292:
291:Informal style
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:
276:
270:
269:
261:
260:
244:
243:
236:
232:
231:
222:(aged 86)
216:
212:
211:
202:
191:
187:
186:
182:
181:
173:
169:
168:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
141:
140:
138:
137:
127:
121:
115:
112:
105:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
49:
41:
40:
34:
33:
30:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2179:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1950:V. Vannutelli
1948:
1945:
1944:S. Vannutelli
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1456:
1445:
1444:
1437:Louis Parisot
1433:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1404:Henri LĂ©onard
1400:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1299:
1293:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1169:
1167:9780307424105
1163:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1081:
1075:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1031:
1024:
1013:
1012:
1005:
989:
983:
972:
971:
964:
953:
952:
945:
930:
926:
919:
917:
900:
896:
889:
887:
875:
874:
867:
856:
855:
848:
832:
828:
822:
820:
818:
806:
805:
798:
792:, 14 May 2008
791:
790:
785:
780:
778:
776:
774:
762:
761:
754:
739:. 14 May 2008
738:
737:Agenzia Fides
734:
728:
726:
709:
705:
699:
697:
695:
690:
675:
669:
665:
655:
652:
651:
645:
643:
638:
636:
631:
629:
625:
622:
612:
608:
604:
601:
595:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
545:
539:
535:
530:
526:
524:
523:
518:
514:
509:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
491:Pro-President
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
459:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:Pope Pius XII
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:
346:
345:
339:
335:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
305:
303:
299:
296:
293:
289:
286:Your Eminence
285:
281:
277:
275:
271:
267:
262:
259:
249:
241:
237:
233:
230:
226:
217:
213:
209:
205:
192:
188:
183:
180:
174:
170:
167:
161:
157:
151:
147:
142:
135:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
47:
42:
39:
35:
27:
22:
19:
1997:
1986:Confalonieri
1772:
1753:
1748:Agnelo Rossi
1726:
1699:
1694:
1683:
1664:
1637:
1622:
1613:
1588:
1573:
1564:
1537:
1510:
1491:
1466:
1441:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1382:
1368:
1357:the original
1331:. Retrieved
1326:
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:
1251:. Retrieved
1247:the original
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1220:
1210:
1198:. Retrieved
1193:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1156:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1134:The Atlantic
1133:
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:
1097:
1084:. Retrieved
1074:
1061:. Retrieved
1056:
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1032:(in Italian)
1023:
1010:
1004:
992:. Retrieved
982:
969:
963:
950:
944:
932:. Retrieved
929:The Guardian
928:
903:. Retrieved
898:
872:
866:
853:
847:
835:. Retrieved
830:
803:
797:
787:
759:
753:
741:. Retrieved
736:
712:. Retrieved
707:
668:
639:
632:
626:
618:
609:
605:
596:
589:
574:
546:
543:
520:
517:John Paul II
510:
501:
499:
490:
487:
482:
467:Pope Paul VI
465:
457:
418:
389:
385:
371:
368:Early career
354:Pope Paul VI
352:
343:
312:
311:
283:Spoken style
278:His Eminence
255:
235:Coat of arms
220:(2008-05-13)
179:Pope Paul VI
175:27 June 1977
159:Consecration
26:His Eminence
18:
2072:2008 deaths
2067:1922 births
1559:Dino Staffa
1532:Maurice Roy
1329:(in French)
534:San Fiorano
513:John Paul I
471:Roman Curia
462:Roman curia
388:, iron and
325:Roman Curia
218:13 May 2008
136:(1993–2002)
82:Predecessor
2061:Categories
1848:Cavalchini
1619:1983–1989
685:References
585:Palestrina
557:Latin Rite
200:8 May 1922
196:1922-05-08
149:Ordination
69:Palestrina
2004:Ratzinger
1974:Cicognani
1968:Tisserant
1920:di Pietro
1866:Antonelli
1036:2 January
789:The Times
252:Styles of
126:(1984–98)
120:(1976–84)
111:(1957–60)
92:Successor
74:Installed
1842:Spinelli
1333:13 March
1307:12 March
1282:13 March
1253:13 March
1227:14 March
1221:30Giorni
1200:14 March
1194:30Giorni
1173:13 March
1139:13 March
1113:13 March
1086:13 March
1063:14 March
1057:30Giorni
994:14 March
934:13 March
905:14 March
899:30Giorni
837:14 March
743:14 March
714:13 March
648:See also
536:(Lodi),
522:papabili
502:Cor Unum
483:Cor Unum
344:Cor Unum
317:Beninese
295:Cardinal
164:by
1980:Traglia
1926:Sacconi
1820:of the
677:papacy.
579:of the
433:Cotonou
334:Cotonou
2010:Sodano
1998:Gantin
1902:Mattei
1896:Macchi
1890:Micara
1872:Mattei
1860:Stuart
1854:Albani
1836:d'Elci
1164:
540:, 1984
429:Tipasa
398:Ouidah
229:France
144:Orders
56:Church
1992:Rossi
1884:Pacca
1817:Deans
1301:(PDF)
1015:(PDF)
974:(PDF)
955:(PDF)
877:(PDF)
858:(PDF)
808:(PDF)
764:(PDF)
660:Notes
538:Italy
382:Benin
380:(now
374:Toffo
225:Paris
208:Benin
204:Toffo
1908:Naro
1335:2021
1309:2021
1284:2021
1255:2021
1229:2021
1202:2021
1175:2021
1162:ISBN
1141:2021
1115:2021
1088:2021
1065:2021
1038:2024
996:2021
936:2021
907:2021
839:2021
745:2021
716:2021
640:The
515:and
406:Togo
402:Lomé
215:Died
190:Born
132:and
583:of
504:by
427:of
396:in
390:tin
386:gan
302:See
177:by
66:See
2063::
2016:Re
1381:.
1367:.
1325:.
1275:.
1263:^
1219:.
1192:.
1132:.
1106:.
1055:.
927:.
915:^
897:.
885:^
829:.
816:^
786:;
772:^
735:.
724:^
706:.
693:^
637:.
497:.
439:,
404:,
376:,
227:,
206:,
1807:e
1800:t
1793:v
1385:.
1371:.
1337:.
1311:.
1286:.
1257:.
1231:.
1204:.
1177:.
1143:.
1117:.
1090:.
1067:.
1040:.
998:.
938:.
909:.
841:.
747:.
718:.
198:)
194:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
