505:
31:
567:, held there and executed on 24 March 1824. The colonel who ordered the execution said he had been trying to subvert the men. It is said that his final act before facing the firing squad was to smoke a cigarette. Knocking away the last ashes, he said philosophically "Human existence is like these ashes." He then calmly faced his death. His remains lie in the Trancas church to the right of the altar. His portrait by the Italian artist
473:, commander of the armies fighting the Spanish. He replied that he was sending 500 men, well-supplied with arms and ammunition. A Congress of leading men was assembled, and on 6 September 1820 the Congress sanctioned the Republic's constitution. A First Court of Justice was established. Aráoz was named Supreme President. The constitution set up a
373:
of Spain. Later the movement would evolve into a fight for outright independence. In 1810 Aráoz was elected Mayor of the
Cabildo on the second vote. Aráoz raised regular militiamen on behalf of the junta, making an important contribution to the roughly 3,000 soldiers stationed in the northern center
586:
knew Aráoz well. He said he did not know of anyone seeing him angry; he was always cool and unflappable. His manner and way of speaking was more suitable to a monk than a soldier. He made many promises, but was always careful to keep his word. He wanted only to rule, and if he deserves the name
440:
from Spain. Many of the delegates were sympathetic to the monarchy, but in the end support for a republic prevailed. The struggle between those wanting strong central control and those favoring a looser federation would continue for many years. Araoz arranged accommodations and meeting places for
550:
and Bernabé Aráoz engaged in a three-way struggle for power. Bernabé Aráoz briefly held office twice during this period. In
October 1822 he became governor yet again, this time holding office for almost a year, and managed to stabilize the situation. He was forced from office by Diego Aráoz in
317:
parties. The
Unitarians wanted a centralized form of government while the Federalists, with whom Aráoz sided, wanted greater local autonomy. The conflict degenerated into chaotic factional fighting at the same time as the struggle for independence. During a period when the central government had
492:. One of Echauri's first actions was to change the members of the municipality to one in favor of Tucumán. Next he tried to control the election of deputies for the Congress that would meet on 20 March 1820 in Tucumán. The people of Santiago del Estero rebelled, supported by armed forces led by
318:
broken down, Aráoz declared that his province was a republic with himself as
President. The next year he was deposed, but later came back as governor for another term. He was deposed again, forced into exile, arrested, brought back and executed without trial by a firing squad.
523:. Güemes took the side of Santiago del Estero, invaded the Republic of Tucumán and captured Catamarca, ousting Bernabé Aráoz's relative, Lieutenant Governor Juan José de la Madrid, in March 1821. However, Güemes suffered a series of defeats and then was forced to return to
496:, who defeated Echauri in an engagement on 31 March 1820 and forced him to retreat to Tucumán. Ibarra was appointed the first governor of the province of Santiago del Estero, and on 27 April 1820 issued a manifesto that declared the province's autonomy.
444:
On 10 December 1816 Francisco Borges launched a second separatist movement in
Santiago del Estero. General Belgrano suppressed the uprising and Borges was shot on 1 January 1817. Aráoz fell out with Belgrano, and in September 1817 he was replaced by
432:(29 November 1815) the central government could provide little support to the northern provinces of Salta and Tucumán, which largely had to look after their own defense. In 1816 Ferdinand VII was declared "absolute King" of Spain. Aráoz hosted the
535:, Güemes was assassinated, dying on 17 June 1821. After his death, an aristocratic group with strong ties to Buenos Aires took power. Eventually peace was settled between Tucumán and Santiago del Estero with a treaty of 5 June 1821.
397:(24–25 September 1812) in which Belgrano defeated the Spanish forces. Bernabé Aráoz fought in this battle on the right wing as a subordinate to Balcarce. The support that Aráoz gave with his militia was decisive.
582:
wrote of him that he doubted that there were ten men in the
Americas who united so many virtues. Belgrano said he could not find high enough praise for men of Aráoz's command. General
353:
In 1803 Aráoz was leader of the new "Disciplined
Cavalry Militia Regiment of Tucumán Volunteers". In 1805 he married Teresa Velarde. They would have seven children. He supported the
542:, who had helped him assume power in November 1819. The government of the province of Tucumán descended into chaos for the next year with endless coups and counter-coups. Colonel
1672:
453:
while
General Belgrano was staying in Tucumán. Belgrano was also arrested, and was held until Bernabé Aráoz took control of the government of Tucumán three days later.
489:
477:
legislature and an executive branch headed by the
President. It was influenced by the national constitution of 1819 and was unitarian and centralized in nature.
531:. Aráoz invaded Salta, defeated Güemes on 3 April 1821 and temporarily deposed him, although Güemes quickly regained power. Soon after returning to the town of
334:. He was one of six children of Juan Antonio Aráoz de La Madrid and Josefa de Córdoba Gutiérrez. Bernabé Aráoz was closely related to the statesman and priest
1657:
422:
568:
441:
the deputies. He even provided the table on which the declaration was signed, and this later was held as a prize possession by his family.
393:
and Pedro Miguel Aráoz that offered the money and 2,000 men if
Belgrano would defend the town. Belgrano accepted, and this led to the
437:
343:
1511:
1642:
1107:
Carranza, Adolfo P.; Rosa, Alejandro; Biedma, José Juan; Pillado, José Antonio; Belgrano, Carlos Vega; Carranza, Rodolfo W. (1895).
1043:
469:, made up of Tucumán, Catamarca and Santiago del Estero. In March 1820 he received an urgent request for assistance from General
166:
85:
45:
1535:
389:
to Tucumán with a request for money and 1,000 men. The people of Tucumán sent a delegation to Balcarce including Bernabé Aráoz,
1606:
1560:
1493:
1429:
1402:
1354:
1308:
1281:
1254:
1227:
1182:
1155:
413:
and Tucumán Province. Tucumán Province included the former municipality of the same name and the adjoining municipalities of
449:, from Catamarca. For the next two years Aráoz stayed out of politics. In November 1819 Feliciano de la Mota was deposed by
291:
1088:
1652:
361:
in 1810 without hesitation. In this movement the local leaders rejected the authority of the Spanish government after
555:, was appointed governor. The government of Salta withdrew asylum from Aráoz and escorted him to the Tucumán border.
421:. Aráoz was designated governor of Tucumán Province. On 4 September 1815, separatists in Santiago del Estero led by
346:(today called Argentina). Pedro Miguel Aráoz later helped Bernabé Araoz in forming the Republic of Tucumán. General
1464:
1324:
1647:
1198:
539:
450:
347:
159:
520:
508:
446:
418:
108:
78:
1662:
406:
405:
On 4 April 1814, Bernabé Aráoz was made governor of the Province of Salta del Tucumán. On 8 October 1814
436:, in which delegates from all the provinces met, and on 9 July 1816 declared full independence of the
1667:
552:
547:
302:
declared independence from the Napoleonic regime in Spain. He played a decisive role in the crucial
290:
Aráoz came from a wealthy and influential family in the northern province of Tucumán in the Spanish
331:
579:
470:
462:
370:
283:
in what is now Argentina during the early nineteenth century, and President of the short-lived
1596:
1483:
1419:
1370:
1344:
1271:
1244:
1217:
1172:
1145:
1069:
466:
433:
386:
339:
284:
126:
1392:
1298:
314:
248:
551:
August 1823 and took refuge in Salta. In February 1824 the head of the provincial forces,
382:
335:
1637:
1632:
1519:
394:
303:
8:
583:
488:
to Santiago del Estero to arrange for election of deputies, with a military force led by
429:
280:
564:
493:
481:
414:
390:
330:, Tucumán Province, in 1776. His family was one of the most influential and wealthy in
230:
1602:
1556:
1489:
1425:
1398:
1350:
1304:
1277:
1250:
1223:
1178:
1151:
504:
485:
366:
1550:
1446:
1374:
1108:
1052:
378:
310:
1035:
528:
524:
516:
410:
354:
295:
1000:
543:
189:
1626:
768:
766:
474:
306:
fought in 1812 against the royalists, and was made governor of his province.
1126:
465:
on 1 February 1820 the central government was dissolved. Aráoz declared the
385:, abandoning places such as Tucumán that lay further to the north. He sent
30:
358:
299:
1577:
763:
484:
and Santiago del Estero both quickly moved towards separation. Aráoz sent
425:
launched a first bid for independence, but Aráoz suppressed the movement.
309:
The political situation became confused by a violent dispute between the
790:
910:
563:
Aráoz was arrested by Tucumán forces on 7 March 1824 at the border in
515:
There was growing animosity between Bernabé Aráoz and the governor of
369:
as king. At first, the leaders professed loyalty to the deposed king
1328:
678:
676:
381:
had been ordered to retreat from the Spanish to a strong position at
632:
589:
362:
327:
210:
1087:
1006:
673:
294:, and was a leader of the local militia. In 1810 he supported the
751:
1147:
Cosas de familia. Historia genealógica de los Cornet del Tucumán
988:
661:
649:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
1421:
Tarija en la Independencia del Virreinato del Río de La Plata
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
715:
532:
1555:. Ediciones del Rectorado, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán.
1246:
Seamos Libres y lo Demás No Importa Nada: Vida de San Martín
538:
On 28 November 1821 Aráoz was ousted from office by General
1131:
Historia General de las Relacines de la Republica Argentina
886:
688:
1323:
1040:
Hombres representativos de la Historia Argentina: Belgrano
927:
925:
916:
829:
807:
805:
1417:
1106:
796:
772:
1376:
La gran semana de 1810: Crónica de la Revolución de Mayo
966:
964:
778:
527:
since the royalists had taken the opportunity to invade
342:
in which the delegates declared the independence of the
1068:
922:
802:
682:
456:
1552:
Nueva Historia de Monteros(Desde Su Origen Hasta 1900)
1012:
937:
898:
817:
1216:
Fernández, Jorge; Rondina, Julio César (2004-01-01).
961:
862:
949:
739:
727:
1598:
Las Guerras de Independencia en la América Española
1595:Terán, Marta; Serrano Ortega, José Antonio (2002).
1594:
850:
757:
1673:People from the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
1548:
1327:. Honorable Legislatura de Tucumán. Archived from
1197:
721:
667:
655:
636:may be translated "leader" or "military strongman"
409:, the Supreme Director, divided the province into
976:
622:in Monteros is named after the town's famous son.
1624:
1462:
1215:
994:
874:
709:
1177:. University of California Press. p. 464.
546:, a distant relative of Bernabé Aráoz, General
400:
1536:"Mi tío Bernabé Aráoz y el 9 de julio de 1816"
1463:Páez de la Torre, Carlos (September 9, 2012).
1124:
844:
1089:"Bernabé Aráoz : Un tucumano visionario"
1658:People executed by Argentina by firing squad
1300:Sub-National Constitutional Law in Argentina
1007:Bernabé Aráoz : Un tucumano visionario
58:14 November 1814 – 6 October 1817
29:
1418:O'Connor d'Arlach, Eduardo Trigo (2009).
1296:
1174:The Epic of Latin America, Fourth edition
1125:Cisneros, Andrés; Escudé, Carlos (2000).
1050:
931:
784:
279:(1776 – 24 March 1824) was a governor of
139:February 1820 – 28 November 1821
1549:Santiago Ottonello, Tulio (2004-01-01).
1485:Nuestras banderas: vexilología argentina
1269:
1044:National Academy of History of Argentina
1034:
892:
811:
573:Museo Casa Histórica de la Independencia
503:
1575:
1481:
1342:
1242:
1018:
943:
904:
856:
823:
438:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
344:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
1625:
1249:. Ediciones Colihue SRL. p. 322.
1143:
733:
338:, who represented Tucumán at the 1816
98:November 1819 – February 1820
1512:"Martín Miguel de Güemes (1785–1821)"
1509:
1444:
1369:
982:
955:
745:
578:After the Battle of Tucumán, General
35:Portrait by Honorio Mossi (1861–1943)
1533:
1390:
1270:Hamilton, Jose Garcia (2011-04-01).
1199:"Dr. Pedro Miguel Aráoz (1759–1832)"
1170:
1127:"La posición de Santiago del Estero"
970:
880:
868:
499:
457:President of the Republic of Tucumán
1465:"La azarosa época de Bernabé Aráoz"
428:After its disastrous defeat at the
179:October 1822 – August 1823
13:
1391:Mato, Omar R. Lopez (2012-02-01).
292:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
14:
1684:
1578:"Tercera Expedición al Alto Perú"
1297:Hernández, Antonio María (2011).
1424:. Plural editores. p. 114.
1379:. Talls de la Casa Jacobo Peuser
1325:"Historia del Poder Legislativo"
1243:Galasso, Norberto (2000-01-01).
1222:. Universidad Nac. del Litoral.
597:with no inclination to cruelty.
1601:. El Colegio de Michoacán A.C.
1482:Perazzo, Alberto Ruben (2006).
758:Terán & Serrano Ortega 2002
625:
1576:Serrano, Mario Arturo (1996).
917:Historia del Poder Legislativo
612:
1:
1643:Governors of Tucumán Province
1534:Sala, Rodolfo (9 July 2011).
1343:Leitner, Gerry (2001-01-01).
1276:. SUDAMERICANA. p. 100.
1219:Historia Argentina: 1810–1930
1070:"Bernabé Aráoz en un retrato"
1057:. Espasa-Calpe argentina, s.a
600:
321:
1303:. Kluwer Law International.
1171:Crow, John A. (1992-01-17).
1042:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires:
995:Fernández & Rondina 2004
447:Feliciano de la Mota Botello
401:Governor of Tucumán Province
266:Governor of Tucumán Province
167:Governor of Tucumán Province
109:Feliciano de la Mota Botello
86:Governor of Tucumán Province
79:Feliciano de la Mota Botello
46:Governor of Tucumán Province
16:Governor of Tucumán Province
7:
1144:Cornet, Fernand M. (2011).
683:Bernabé Aráoz en un retrato
407:Gervasio Antonio de Posadas
10:
1689:
1445:Olmos, Ramón Rosa (1957).
1394:PATRIA ENFERMA, LA (EBOOK)
1349:. Hunter Publishing, Inc.
1346:Argentina Travel Companion
845:Cisneros & Escudé 2000
575:in San Miguel de Tucumán.
365:had installed his brother
348:Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid
326:Bernabé Aráoz was born in
1653:Executed Argentine people
1051:Belgrano, Mario (1944b).
270:
262:
254:
244:
236:
216:
204:
199:
195:
183:
172:
165:
153:
143:
132:
124:
114:
102:
91:
84:
72:
62:
51:
44:
40:
28:
21:
1150:. Editrice UNI Service.
558:
298:in which the leaders in
1451:. Editorial "La Unión,"
668:Santiago Ottonello 2004
656:Santiago Ottonello 2004
521:Martín Miguel de Güemes
509:Martín Miguel de Güemes
377:In August 1812 General
1510:Pigna, Felipe (2012).
773:O'Connor d'Arlach 2009
722:Dr. Pedro Miguel Aráoz
512:
490:Juan Francisco Echauri
371:Ferdinand VII of Spain
350:was his first cousin.
1648:Federales (Argentina)
1448:Historia de Catamarca
710:Páez de la Torre 2012
507:
332:San Miguel de Tucumán
1488:. Editorial Dunken.
1054:Historia de Belgrano
797:Carranza et al. 1895
511:, Governor of Salta.
1076:. 24 September 2010
895:, pp. 341–360.
620:Plaza Bernabé Aráoz
593:, it was as a mild
467:Republic of Tucumán
434:Congress of Tucumán
430:Battle of Sipe-Sipe
419:Santiago del Estero
387:Juan Ramón Balcarce
340:Congress of Tucumán
285:Republic of Tucumán
127:Republic of Tucumán
1663:Argentine generals
580:José de San Martín
513:
494:Juan Felipe Ibarra
471:José de San Martín
391:Rudecindo Alvarado
336:Pedro Miguel Aráoz
1608:978-970-679-069-9
1562:978-950-554-394-6
1495:978-987-02-1809-8
1431:978-99954-1-224-1
1404:978-950-07-3761-6
1371:López, Vicente F.
1356:978-0-9587498-1-7
1310:978-90-411-3619-0
1283:978-987-566-687-0
1256:978-950-581-779-5
1229:978-987-508-331-8
1184:978-0-520-07723-2
1157:978-88-6178-767-4
973:, pp. 75–76.
871:, pp. 464ff.
500:Political turmoil
486:Juan Bautista Paz
480:The provinces of
395:Battle of Tucumán
304:Battle of Tucumán
274:
273:
125:President of the
1680:
1668:Argentine exiles
1618:
1616:
1615:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1518:. Archived from
1506:
1504:
1502:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1397:. SUDAMERICANA.
1387:
1385:
1384:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1110:Revista nacional
1103:
1101:
1100:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1047:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
959:
953:
947:
941:
935:
929:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
827:
821:
815:
809:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
775:, p. 114ff.
770:
761:
755:
749:
748:, pp. 30ff.
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
686:
680:
671:
665:
659:
653:
637:
629:
623:
616:
540:Abraham González
463:Battle of Cepeda
451:Abraham González
423:Francisco Borges
367:Joseph Bonaparte
281:Tucumán Province
227:
225:
200:Personal details
186:
177:
160:Abraham González
156:
146:
137:
117:
105:
96:
75:
65:
56:
33:
19:
18:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1586:
1584:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1540:
1538:
1525:
1523:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1473:
1471:
1454:
1452:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1382:
1380:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1334:
1332:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1207:
1205:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1135:
1133:
1116:
1114:
1098:
1096:
1079:
1077:
1060:
1058:
1036:Belgrano, Mario
1025:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
993:
989:
981:
977:
969:
962:
954:
950:
942:
938:
930:
923:
915:
911:
903:
899:
891:
887:
879:
875:
867:
863:
855:
851:
843:
830:
822:
818:
810:
803:
795:
791:
783:
779:
771:
764:
756:
752:
744:
740:
732:
728:
720:
716:
708:
689:
681:
674:
666:
662:
654:
650:
641:
640:
630:
626:
617:
613:
603:
561:
502:
459:
403:
379:Manuel Belgrano
324:
245:Political party
229:
223:
221:
209:
184:
178:
173:
154:
144:
138:
133:
115:
103:
97:
92:
73:
63:
57:
52:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1686:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1620:
1619:
1607:
1592:
1573:
1561:
1546:
1531:
1516:El Historiador
1507:
1494:
1479:
1460:
1442:
1430:
1415:
1403:
1388:
1367:
1355:
1340:
1321:
1309:
1294:
1282:
1267:
1255:
1240:
1228:
1213:
1203:Todo Argentina
1195:
1183:
1168:
1156:
1141:
1122:
1104:
1085:
1066:
1048:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1021:, p. 776.
1011:
999:
997:, p. 110.
987:
975:
960:
958:, p. 130.
948:
946:, p. 343.
936:
932:Hernández 2011
921:
909:
907:, p. 322.
897:
885:
873:
861:
849:
828:
826:, p. 125.
816:
814:, p. 100.
801:
799:, p. 183.
789:
787:, p. 179.
785:Belgrano 1944b
777:
762:
760:, p. 356.
750:
738:
736:, p. 204.
726:
714:
687:
672:
660:
647:
639:
638:
624:
610:
609:
602:
599:
584:José María Paz
560:
557:
525:Salta Province
517:Salta Province
501:
498:
458:
455:
411:Salta Province
402:
399:
355:May Revolution
323:
320:
296:May Revolution
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
228:(aged 47)
218:
214:
213:
206:
202:
201:
197:
196:
193:
192:
187:
181:
180:
170:
169:
163:
162:
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23:Bernabé Aráoz
20:
1612:. Retrieved
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1566:. Retrieved
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1539:. Retrieved
1524:. Retrieved
1520:the original
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1329:the original
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548:Javier López
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376:
374:of Tucumán.
359:Buenos Aires
352:
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300:Buenos Aires
289:
276:
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185:Succeeded by
174:
155:Succeeded by
134:
116:Succeeded by
93:
74:Succeeded by
53:
1638:1824 deaths
1633:1776 births
1113:. J. Canter
734:Cornet 2011
544:Diego Aráoz
237:Nationality
190:Diego Aráoz
145:Preceded by
104:Preceded by
64:Preceded by
1627:Categories
1614:2012-10-29
1587:2012-10-30
1568:2012-10-30
1541:2012-10-30
1526:2012-10-29
1501:28 October
1474:2012-10-30
1455:2012-10-30
1437:2012-10-30
1410:2012-10-30
1383:2012-10-30
1362:2012-10-26
1335:2012-10-26
1316:2012-10-26
1289:2012-10-29
1262:2012-10-29
1235:2012-10-30
1208:2012-10-30
1190:2012-10-30
1163:2012-10-30
1136:2012-10-26
1117:2012-10-30
1099:2012-10-30
1080:2012-10-30
1061:2012-10-30
983:Pigna 2012
956:Olmos 1957
746:López 1910
601:References
475:unicameral
461:After the
322:Background
315:Federalist
255:Occupation
224:1824-03-25
1469:La Gaceta
1074:La Gaceta
971:Mato 2012
881:Sala 2011
869:Crow 1992
644:Citations
482:Catamarca
415:Catamarca
311:Unitarian
263:Known for
240:Argentine
175:In office
135:In office
94:In office
54:In office
1373:(1910).
1273:DON JOSE
1093:Taringa!
1038:(1944).
633:caudillo
595:caudillo
590:caudillo
363:Napoleon
328:Monteros
211:Monteros
1028:Sources
565:Trancas
383:Córdoba
258:Soldier
249:Federal
231:Trancas
222: (
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606:Notes
559:Death
533:Salta
529:Jujuy
1603:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1503:2012
1490:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1305:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1251:ISBN
1224:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1152:ISBN
618:The
417:and
313:and
217:Died
208:1776
205:Born
149:self
120:self
68:none
357:in
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