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Berengarians

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1787: 40: 1607:, which was the opinion of Berenger himself. Others denied any change at all, and resolved all into figure. Yet others allowed a change in part, and others an entire change, with the restriction that to those who presented themselves unworthily, it was changed back again. 1572:
reignited the debate in the name of Eriugena. During the next 30 years, Berengar was asked to recant his heresy concerning what would be declared the Roman Catholic dogma of
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no less than five times including a short spell in prison. He later retired into solitude and made no further pronouncements on the matter.
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could be excommunicated and exiled or sentenced to death unless they formally recanted their errors. A text by Frankish monk
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criticized the making of this teaching into a dogma as well as some of its metaphysical underpinnings and implications.
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rejected the theory of transubstantiation in favor of "pneumatic presence," earlier
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in the 9th-Century, had maintained that there was no physical transformation of the
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secured Berengar's release from prison, it is unlikely that it was more than
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in the mid-eleventh century. The Berengarian sect, considered
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It is known that an early supporter of Berengar was Bishop
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indicate their inclusion to be controversial or disputed.
1548:. Those clergy and theologians whom it judged guilty of 1619:
it is moot what influence the Berengarians had on the
1540:
held considerable power in Western Europe during the
1560:, a philosopher-theologian and intellectual heir of 2165: 1244:(retained by Lutherans, mostly banned by Trent) 1599:His followers were divided on the head of the 1693: 1610: 1477: 1531: 2120:Triumph of the Cross (Girolamo Savonarola) 1700: 1686: 1660: 1484: 1470: 2137:Comparison of Catharism and Protestantism 1516:, and opposed the developing doctrine of 1579: 16:Christian faction in eucharistic debates 1707: 2166: 675:Censorship of the Bible § 16th century 1917: 1681: 1673:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 13: 2114:Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards 14: 2185: 1661:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 983:16th century Renaissance humanism 722:Political and religious conflicts 1785: 965:Dutch Renaissance and Golden Age 841:Influence on church architecture 38: 2174:Former Christian denominations 666:Counter-Reformation § Politics 1: 1651:Alien Baptism and The Baptist 1634: 1378:Conclusion and commemorations 1061:Hymnody of continental Europe 974:Folklore of the Low Countries 609:Frederick V, Elector Palatine 272:Theologies of seminal figures 1664:"Berengarius of Tours"  1615:As Berengar left no written 1504:who adhered to the views of 283:Theology of Huldrych Zwingli 7: 1590:Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou 1010:English Renaissance theatre 492:Denmark–Norway and Holstein 10: 2190: 1611:Influence on the reformers 1205:Lutheran and Anglican Mass 1070:Music of the British Isles 997:16th century in literature 2145: 2129: 2086: 2036: 1987: 1962:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples 1910: 1861: 1801: 1794: 1783: 1760: 1722: 1715: 1431:Calendrical commemoration 744:War of the Three Kingdoms 278:Theology of Martin Luther 2071:Savoyard–Waldensian wars 1952:Johann Ruchrat von Wesel 1532:Classification as heresy 143:Johann Ruchrat von Wesel 1594:political point scoring 1276:First Wittenberg hymnal 734:French Wars of Religion 548:Major political leaders 288:Theology of John Calvin 1621:Protestant Reformation 992:16th century in poetry 795:German Renaissance Art 775:Painting and sculpture 1670:Catholic Encyclopedia 1580:Followers of the sect 1562:Maximus the Confessor 1538:Roman Catholic Church 1526:Roman Catholic Church 1400:Simultaneous rise of 1312:Book of Common Prayer 1112:Scottish church music 1098:Anglican church music 579:Gaspard II de Coligny 554:Henry VIII of England 358:Peter Martyr Vermigli 2104:Jistebnice hymn book 1995:Bohemian Reformation 1937:Mikuláš of Pelhřimov 1742:Gottschalk of Orbais 1558:John Scotus Eriugena 1391:Protestant orthodoxy 1364:Whole Book of Psalms 1328:Book of Common Order 1196:Ecclesiastical Latin 749:German Peasants' War 301:Protestant Reformers 231:Northern Renaissance 226:Bohemian Reformation 210:Contributing factors 114:Gottschalk of Orbais 2059:Peace of Kutná Hora 1973:Girolamo Savonarola 1709:Proto-Protestantism 1554:Ratramnus of Corbie 1396:Peace of Westphalia 1387:Confessionalization 1191:Liturgical Struggle 1117:Normative principle 696:Holy Roman Emperors 645:Counter-Reformation 96:Girolamo Savonarola 2076:Piedmontese Easter 1853:Marsilius of Padua 1586:Eusebius of Angers 1574:transubstantiation 1518:transubstantiation 1301:Thomissøn's hymnal 1103:Exclusive psalmody 859:Metaphysical poets 781:Northern Mannerism 771:Art and literature 684:Anti-Protestantism 620:Electors of Saxony 584:Henry IV of France 574:William the Silent 497:Sweden and Finland 388:Balthasar Hubmaier 353:Heinrich Bullinger 313:Philip Melanchthon 246:Johannes Gutenberg 236:Christian humanism 178:Ninety-five Theses 46:Ninety-five Theses 2161: 2160: 2109:Ecclesiae Regimen 2066:Mérindol massacre 2054:Compacts of Basel 2032: 2031: 1947:Johannes von Goch 1906: 1905: 1848:Matthias of Janov 1838:Milíč of Kroměříž 1828:Arnold of Brescia 1822:Henry of Lausanne 1781: 1780: 1752:Berengar of Tours 1737:Claudius of Turin 1570:Berengar of Tours 1568:. Later in 1047, 1556:misattributed to 1506:Berengar of Tours 1500:were a religious 1494: 1493: 1318:Metrical psalters 739:Eighty Years' War 729:Thirty Years' War 614:Philip I of Hesse 338:Andreas Karlstadt 148:Johannes von Goch 129:Berengar of Tours 124:Claudius of Turin 105:Arnold of Brescia 2181: 2044:Oldcastle Revolt 1988:Sects and groups 1915: 1914: 1862:Sects and groups 1799: 1798: 1789: 1761:Sects and groups 1720: 1719: 1702: 1695: 1688: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1666: 1653: 1648: 1546:Late Middle Ages 1486: 1479: 1472: 1424:Luther Monuments 1419:Reformation Wall 1389:with subsequent 1353:Scottish Psalter 1267:Lutheran hymnals 1168:Calvin's liturgy 1163:Reformed worship 1084:Lutheran chorale 927:Bohorič alphabet 759:Schmalkaldic War 657:Council of Trent 632:John Frederick I 531:Poland-Lithuania 408:Jacobus Arminius 318:Huldrych Zwingli 241:German mysticism 42: 19: 18: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2156: 2141: 2125: 2082: 2028: 1983: 1957:Wessel Gansfort 1902: 1857: 1790: 1777: 1756: 1711: 1706: 1657: 1656: 1649: 1642: 1637: 1613: 1582: 1534: 1490: 1454: 1453: 1452: 1438:Reformation Day 1428: 1379: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1358: 1346:Genevan Psalter 1340: 1335:Souterliedekens 1322: 1306: 1288: 1270: 1247: 1237: 1223: 1219:Paraphrase mass 1210: 1200: 1186: 1172: 1153: 1139: 1121: 1107: 1093: 1079: 1065: 1052: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1001: 987: 978: 969: 955: 931: 892: 868: 832: 818: 804: 790: 772: 764: 763: 724: 714: 713: 712: 693: 679: 670: 661: 652:Catholic Church 646: 638: 637: 636: 604:Gustav II Adolf 599:Gabriel Bethlen 594:Stephen Bocskai 589:Jeanne d'Albret 564:Oliver Cromwell 549: 541: 540: 433: 425: 424: 368:François Hotman 348:George Buchanan 333:William Tyndale 303: 293: 292: 273: 265: 264: 260:Johann Reuchlin 211: 203: 202: 173: 163: 162: 138:Wessel Gansfort 64: 54: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2187: 2177: 2176: 2159: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2139: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2123: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 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28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2186: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2169: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2099:Hussite Bible 2097: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1974: 1970: 1968: 1967:Lorenzo Valla 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1899: 1898: 1897:Petrobrusians 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1843:John Wycliffe 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1823: 1819: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1672: 1671: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1640: 1632: 1630: 1629:Martin Luther 1626: 1622: 1618: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1487: 1482: 1480: 1475: 1473: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1460:Protestantism 1458: 1457: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1433: 1432: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1414: 1413: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1375: 1374: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1284: 1280: 1278: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1266: 1265: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1252: 1251: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1158: 1157: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1089:Lutheran hymn 1087: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1056: 1048: 1047: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 998: 995: 993: 990: 989: 984: 981: 980: 975: 972: 971: 966: 963: 961: 958: 957: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 933: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 894: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 851: 849: 848: 842: 839: 838: 837: 836: 829: 826: 824: 823:Art conflicts 821: 820: 815: 812: 810: 807: 806: 801: 798: 796: 793: 792: 787: 784: 782: 779: 778: 776: 768: 767: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 726: 723: 718: 717: 709: 706: 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194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 183:Diet of Worms 181: 179: 176: 175: 172: 167: 166: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 106: 103: 101: 97: 94: 92: 88: 85: 83: 79: 78:John Wycliffe 76: 74: 70: 67: 66: 63: 58: 57: 52: 51:Martin Luther 49:, written by 48: 47: 41: 37: 36: 33: 30: 29: 25: 21: 20: 2150: 2118: 2049:Hussite Wars 2021: 1971: 1929: 1911:1400–1500 AD 1895: 1883: 1820: 1813: 1795:1100–1400 AD 1773:Berengarians 1772: 1729: 1668: 1614: 1598: 1583: 1535: 1498:Berengarians 1497: 1495: 1430: 1429: 1411: 1410: 1381: 1362: 1351: 1344: 1333: 1326: 1310: 1299: 1292: 1281: 1274: 1262: 1256: 1249: 1248: 1155: 1154: 1149:Verse anthem 1144:Falsobordone 1054: 1003: 1002: 846: 845: 834: 833: 828:Beeldenstorm 786:Lutheran art 774: 708:Ferdinand II 695: 694: 619: 618: 418: 393:Menno Simons 328:Martin Bucer 193:Magisterials 188:Luther Bible 133:Berengarians 132: 44: 1885:Strigolniki 1874:Waldensians 1833:Peter Waldo 1716:400–1100 AD 1625:John Calvin 1406:Rationalism 1215:Cyclic mass 883:Anglo-Irish 854:Elizabethan 809:English art 800:Swedish art 559:Elizabeth I 472:Czech Lands 467:Netherlands 443:Switzerland 432:By location 419:Many others 323:John Calvin 73:Waldensians 69:Peter Waldo 32:Reformation 2087:Literature 1869:Arnoldists 1635:References 1605:impanation 1510:Archdeacon 1382:Conclusion 864:Propaganda 847:Literature 109:Arnoldists 62:Precursors 2010:Utraquism 2005:Taborites 1931:Jan Žižka 1747:Ratramnus 1601:Eucharist 1566:Eucharist 1522:heretical 1412:Monuments 1156:Liturgies 1135:Polyphony 1131:Homophony 1075:Hymn tune 960:Icelandic 941:Norwegian 703:Charles V 689:Criticism 373:John Knox 171:Beginning 119:Ratramnus 2168:Category 2023:Piagnoni 2000:Hussites 1879:Lollardy 1809:Tanchelm 1731:Jovinian 1623:. While 1448:Anglican 1443:Lutheran 1242:Sequence 1207:in music 1023:Morality 1015:Pastoral 917:Romanian 878:Scottish 835:Building 814:Woodcuts 487:Slovenia 462:Scotland 248:and his 198:Radicals 100:Piagnoni 91:Hussites 82:Lollardy 24:a series 22:Part of 2151:Italics 1925:Jan Hus 1768:Pataria 1524:by the 1402:Pietism 1283:Ausbund 1250:Hymnals 1038:Revenge 1033:Tragedy 1028:History 1004:Theater 951:Finnish 946:Swedish 936:Faroese 912:Sorbian 536:Ireland 516:Austria 507:Estonia 502:Iceland 482:Romania 477:Hungary 457:England 438:Germany 255:Erasmus 158:Pataria 87:Jan Hus 53:in 1517 2037:Events 1918:People 1802:People 1723:People 1617:tracts 1550:heresy 1514:Angers 1264:Second 922:Danish 907:Slovak 888:German 521:France 511:Latvia 451:Zürich 447:Geneva 26:on the 2130:Other 1258:First 1234:Rites 1232:Sarum 1228:Roman 1055:Forms 1051:Music 902:Swiss 897:Czech 873:Welsh 526:Italy 1544:and 1542:High 1536:The 1502:sect 1496:The 1404:and 1261:and 1230:vs. 1217:vs. 1133:vs. 509:and 131:and 107:and 98:and 89:and 80:and 71:and 1512:of 2170:: 1667:. 1643:^ 1508:, 1701:e 1694:t 1687:v 1485:e 1478:t 1471:v 453:) 449:/ 445:(

Index

a series
Reformation

Ninety-five Theses
Martin Luther
Precursors
Peter Waldo
Waldensians
John Wycliffe
Lollardy
Jan Hus
Hussites
Girolamo Savonarola
Piagnoni
Arnold of Brescia
Arnoldists
Gottschalk of Orbais
Ratramnus
Claudius of Turin
Berengar of Tours
Berengarians
Wessel Gansfort
Johann Ruchrat von Wesel
Johannes von Goch
Friends of God
Pataria
Beginning
Ninety-five Theses
Diet of Worms
Luther Bible

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