147:
352:
The
Albanians are worse than beasts – they are monsters. Only later did we learn how the Albanian Communist leaders punished and eliminated members of their own Party. They had a sort of troika: Hoxha, Shehu and Balluku. These three used to bring someone to trial, and Enver Hoxha and Mehmet Shehu
353:
would sentence the accused to death themselves, without ever putting anything in writing; then they would look for an opportunity to have their victim murdered secretly, and
Balluku would personally carry out the execution. It was all very similar to the system used by
331:
Shehu and
Balluku's intervention helped cause the 1956 purge of the Albanian Communist Party. After Hoxha returned to Tirana, he first tried to be conciliatory towards his critics and then he retaliated by ordering the arrest of all of those who had spoken up. The
412:
was rewarded when Hoxha deposed the entire top level of the military establishment, including the
Minister of Defense, Balluku. Hoxha seems to have feared a coup d'Ă©tat. Balluku was then ranked as the fourth member of the ruling Communist Party (after
447:
that it was possible that
Balluku and other high defense functionaries had been removed from their posts. The first indication was a discrepancy between Hoxha's and Balluku's opinions on the defense system of Albania; the second was a request from
1903:
407:
Political analysts and scholars seem to agree that Hoxha was aware of the military establishment's desire to decrease the Party's influence in the areas of the military and the economy. Their attempt to downgrade Hoxha's concept of the
280:
On 20 May 1943 he was appointed commander of the
Communist partisan battalion "Krujë Ishëm", and on 18 September 1943 he was named commissar of the third brigade. Later he was appointed commander of the second brigade.
956:
1026:
1863:
957:"The Accuse: Dume's Plan to Annichilate the Central Committee and the Party's Leadership (Albanian: Akuza: Plani i Dumes për të asgjësuar Komitetin Qendror dhe udhëheqjen)"
341:
906:
1913:
1019:
981:
931:
317:
had announced that he had been killed and his family interned, but it turned out that it was just speculation: he had been busy with his studies in Moscow.
1012:
1908:
1898:
771:"Enver: For high Treason, Balluku, Dume and Çako to Military Trial! (Albanian: Enveri: Për tradhti të lartë, Balluku, Dume e Çako në gjyq ushtarak!)"
466:
Balluku's remains were retrieved only 26 years later, on 18 July 2000, on request of his family members. He had been put in a secret common grave in
964:
858:"Enver: For high Treason, Balluku, Dume e Çako to Military Trial! (Albanian: Enveri: Për tradhti të lartë, Balluku, Dume e Çako në gjyq ushtarak!)"
369:, Balluku, as a representative of the Albanian Party of Labour, took a strong pro-China and anti-Soviet stand in his speech at the Congress of the
1858:
881:
857:
770:
1868:
494:
1035:
293:
320:
In 1956 Balluku was presiding over the municipality of Tirana
Conference of the Communist Party when the opponents of the Enver Hoxha -
1873:
1064:
135:
1878:
432:). The removal of Balluku from the Albanian Politburo had already been disclosed in a report from Belgrade on 11 September 1974.
274:
269:, Albania. He studied at a technical high school in Tirana. While he was doing his military service, he joined the ranks of the
296:, a post he held until his arrest, and in 1952 he was named Minister of Defense. One year later he gained the military rank of
270:
914:
1883:
558:
425:
711:
489:(Minister of the Economy) and Beqir Balluku (Minister of Defense) had drafted their inimical plan based on suggestions from
1888:
345:
249:. However, in 1974, Balluku himself, along with a group of other government members was accused by Hoxha of an attempted
989:
146:
846:
810:
747:
644:
1853:
939:
907:"Enver Hoxha: Here's how Beqir Balluku was a hypocrite (Albanian: Enver Hoxha: Si ma dridhte llafin Beqir Balluku)"
836:
634:
474:, together with the other two former Albanian generals (Dume and Çako) who had also been accused by Hoxha in 1974.
513:
385:
882:"Enver Hoxha: Here's why Beqir Balluku is an Enemy (Albanian: Enver Hoxha: "Ja pse është armik Beqir Balluku!")"
982:"Hoxha: Here are the Sentences for the Traitor Generals (Albanian: Hoxha: Ja dënimet për gjeneralët tradhtarë)"
308:
453:
254:
33:
1089:
1848:
932:"Hoxha: Here's how we are going to heal Beqir Balluku (Albanian: Hoxha: Ja si do ta shërojmë ne Beqirin)"
1893:
1054:
838:
Albania in the
Twentieth Century, A History: Volume III: Albania as Dictatorship and Democracy, 1945–99
636:
Albania in the
Twentieth Century, A History: Volume III: Albania as Dictatorship and Democracy, 1945–99
373:
289:
246:
328:(Hoxha's wife) that Enver Hoxha should return from the holidays and keep the situation under control.
1079:
800:
737:
538:
208:
162:
889:
865:
778:
456:. The third possibility was the coup d'Ă©tat intent of Balluku, possibly endorsed by the other pro-
482:
117:
550:
1004:
1074:
389:
1843:
1838:
1733:
452:
to Hoxha that he remove
Balluku, who was making too many requests on weapons imports from
428:, Balluku was the only leading Albanian politician not reelected (in his home district of
8:
1084:
478:
301:
285:
384:
In July 1974, after 22 uninterrupted years of service as the Minister of Defense of the
543:
297:
180:
1728:
1632:
1561:
1723:
1627:
1556:
1480:
1409:
1333:
1312:
842:
806:
743:
640:
554:
444:
366:
337:
1904:
Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union alumni
1459:
396:
and high treason against his own country. Balluku was sentenced to death along with
393:
250:
1789:
311:. Earlier, in December 1952 the Yugoslav State radio of Belgrade and the newspaper
1429:
486:
1713:
1682:
715:
358:
198:
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471:
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292:(formerly the Communist Party of Albania), he was elected as a member of the
1738:
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1069:
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321:
193:
84:
56:
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401:
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397:
333:
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72:
60:
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1119:
490:
418:
429:
284:
On 28 January 1948 Balluku was named Chief of the Head Command of the
1525:
1049:
234:
714:[How did Beqir Balluku Disappear]. Koha Jone. Archived from
1059:
467:
313:
309:
Marshal Voroshilov Military Academy of the USSR Army General Staff
449:
238:
379:
1034:
266:
113:
485:, Enver Hoxha wrote in his memoirs that the "enemy groups" of
440:
514:"Të maskuar edhe ushtarakët shqiptarë në luftën e Vietnamit"
388:, Balluku himself was accused by Enver Hoxha of instigating
1864:
Members of the Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania
537:
463:
Balluku was executed by firing squad on 5 November 1975.
324:
regime nearly overthrew the government. Balluku informed
237:
politician, military leader, and Minister of Defense of
802:
Reflections on China: extracts from the political diary
583:
581:
579:
577:
531:
574:
542:
426:6 October 1974 elections for the People's Assembly
392:ideas and was put on trial, accused of a military
1914:Albanian people executed by the communist regime
1830:
798:
777:(in Albanian) (November 3, 2007). Archived from
1020:
380:Coup d'Ă©tat accusation, arrest, and execution
233:(14 February 1917 – 5 November 1975) was an
1036:Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania
739:The artful Albanian: memoirs of Enver Hoxha
481:of the Party of Labour of Albania from the
300:. From 1948 to 1974 he was a member of the
1909:People executed by Albania by firing squad
1027:
1013:
245:in carrying out the 1956 purge within the
704:
495:Premier of the People's Republic of China
1899:Albanian expatriates in the Soviet Union
735:
336:Hoxha-Shehu-Balluku was so described by
288:. In 1948, in the first Congress of the
265:Balluku was born on 14 February 1917 in
46:1 August 1953 – 28 October 1974
834:
805:. Naim Frasheri. pp. 110 and 124.
632:
1859:Party of Labour of Albania politicians
1831:
1065:People's Socialist Republic of Albania
979:
954:
929:
904:
879:
855:
768:
742:. Jon Halliday. pp. 304 and 307.
443:, reported through a telegram sent to
1008:
549:. Indiana University Press. pp.
1869:Members of the Parliament of Albania
271:Albanian resistance against the Axis
477:In 1979, following the ideological
346:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
13:
988:(February 2, 2010). Archived from
963:(February 1, 2010). Archived from
938:(January 29, 2010). Archived from
913:(January 28, 2010). Archived from
864:(November 3, 2007). Archived from
799:Hoxha, Enver; Nase, Nesti (1979).
14:
1925:
1874:Deputy prime ministers of Albania
888:(October 8, 2007). Archived from
257:. He was executed the next year.
980:Boriçi, Kujtim (February 2010).
955:Boriçi, Kujtim (February 2010).
856:Boriçi, Kujtim (November 2007).
769:Boriçi, Kujtim (November 2007).
145:
1879:Government ministers of Albania
930:Boriçi, Kujtim (January 2010).
905:Boriçi, Kujtim (January 2010).
880:Boriçi, Kujtim (October 2007).
792:
762:
729:
695:
686:
677:
668:
16:Albanian politician (1917–1975)
659:
626:
617:
608:
599:
590:
506:
307:In 1953 he graduated from the
1:
500:
1884:Defence ministers of Albania
1090:Fall of communism in Albania
460:defense high functionaries.
386:People's Republic of Albania
260:
34:Minister of People's Defence
7:
1889:Albanian military personnel
712:"Si u zhduk Beqir Balluku?"
545:Communism in Eastern Europe
10:
1930:
1055:Party of Labour of Albania
828:
639:. IB Taurus. p. 505.
587:Boriçi november 2007 issue
454:People's Republic of China
290:Party of Labour of Albania
255:Albanian People's Republic
1772:
1696:
1620:
1544:
1468:
1392:
1326:
1260:
1204:
1158:
1107:
1098:
1042:
539:Teresa Rakowska-Harmstone
520:(in Albanian). 2019-12-08
224:
186:
176:
168:
158:
153:
141:
124:
99:
94:
90:
78:
66:
50:
39:
32:
28:
21:
692:Rakowska-Harmstone p.227
683:Rakowska-Harmstone p.220
614:Rakowska-Harmstone p.226
1854:Politicians from Tirana
1075:Yugoslav–Albanian split
483:Chinese Communist Party
439:, the US Ambassador to
404:and Rrahman Perrllaku.
365:In 1960, following the
275:partisan war in Albania
194:World War II in Albania
118:Principality of Albania
835:Pearson, Owen (2007).
736:Halliday, Jon (1986).
633:Pearson, Owen (2007).
363:
163:Albanian People's Army
1080:Albanian–Soviet split
350:
209:Albanian–Soviet split
169:Years of service
1697:10th Congress (1990)
1621:9th Congress (1986)
1545:8th Congress (1981)
1469:7th Congress (1976)
1393:6th Congress (1971)
1327:5th Congress (1966)
1261:4th Congress (1961)
1205:3rd Congress (1956)
1159:2nd Congress (1952)
1108:1st Congress (1948)
1085:Sino-Albanian split
917:on January 13, 2011
623:Pearson 450 and 454
435:Twelve days later,
417:, Mehmet Shehu and
302:Albanian parliament
241:. Balluku assisted
1849:People from Tirana
701:Pearson pp.631–632
665:Pearson pp.505–506
298:Lieutenant General
181:Lieutenant General
1894:Albanian soldiers
1826:
1825:
1773:Candidate Members
992:on March 30, 2010
967:on March 13, 2010
942:on March 28, 2010
892:on March 30, 2010
560:978-0-253-31391-1
367:Sino-Soviet split
338:Nikita Khrushchev
228:
227:
1921:
1790:Llambi Gegprifti
1043:Related articles
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1232:Liri Belishova
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132:(aged 58)
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52:Prime Minister
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1810:Xhafer Spahiu
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1582:Manush Myftiu
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1506:Manush Myftiu
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1445:Manush Myftiu
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1428:
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1405:Beqir Balluku
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674:Pearson p.572
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20:
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1759:Kiço Mustaqi
1749:Hekuran Isai
1744:Xhelil Gjoni
1724:Adil Çarçani
1709:Muho Asllani
1678:Prokop Murra
1653:Muho Asllani
1638:Hekuran Isai
1628:Adil Çarçani
1592:Muho Asllani
1587:Mehmet Shehu
1572:Kadri Hazbiu
1567:Hekuran Isai
1557:Adil Çarçani
1536:Spiro Koleka
1511:Mehmet Shehu
1501:Kadri Hazbiu
1491:Hekuran Isai
1481:Adil Çarçani
1450:Mehmet Shehu
1435:Spiro Koleka
1415:Kadri Hazbiu
1410:Adil Çarçani
1404:
1384:Spiro Koleka
1369:Mehmet Shehu
1338:
1334:Adil Çarçani
1313:Adil Çarçani
1303:Spiro Koleka
1293:Mehmet Shehu
1267:
1252:Spiro Koleka
1242:Mehmet Shehu
1211:
1196:Spiro Koleka
1180:
1166:Mehmet Shehu
1149:
1145:Spiro Koleka
1130:Bedri Spahiu
1125:Mehmet Shehu
1100:
1070:Eastern Bloc
994:. Retrieved
990:the original
985:
969:. Retrieved
965:the original
960:
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940:the original
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870:. Retrieved
866:the original
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801:
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738:
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716:the original
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697:
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635:
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610:
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544:
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517:
508:
476:
472:Vlorë County
465:
462:
458:Soviet Union
434:
423:
410:people's war
409:
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383:
364:
351:
330:
322:Mehmet Shehu
319:
312:
306:
283:
279:
264:
253:against the
230:
229:
187:Battles/wars
130:(1975-11-05)
85:Mehmet Shehu
80:Succeeded by
57:Mehmet Shehu
41:
1844:1974 deaths
1839:1917 births
1795:Pirro Kondi
1785:Petrit Dume
1552:Enver Hoxha
1476:Enver Hoxha
1420:Enver Hoxha
1344:Enver Hoxha
1273:Enver Hoxha
1217:Enver Hoxha
1176:Enver Hoxha
1115:Enver Hoxha
605:Pearson 631
415:Enver Hoxha
398:Petrit Dume
394:coup d'Ă©tat
390:revisionist
273:during the
251:coup d'Ă©tat
243:Enver Hoxha
204:Vietnam War
73:Enver Hoxha
68:Preceded by
61:Enver Hoxha
1833:Categories
1754:Pali Miska
1739:Lenka Çuko
1704:Ramiz Alia
1668:Rita Marko
1663:Ramiz Alia
1658:Pali Miska
1643:Lenka Çuko
1607:Rita Marko
1602:Ramiz Alia
1597:Pali Miska
1577:Lenka Çuko
1531:Rita Marko
1521:Ramiz Alia
1516:Pali Miska
1496:Hysni Kapo
1486:Haki Toska
1455:Haki Toska
1440:Rita Marko
1425:Hysni Kapo
1400:Ramiz Alia
1379:Rita Marko
1374:Ramiz Alia
1359:Hysni Kapo
1354:Haki Toska
1349:Gogo Nushi
1318:Haki Toska
1308:Ramiz Alia
1298:Rita Marko
1283:Hysni Kapo
1278:Gogo Nushi
1247:Rita Marko
1227:Hysni Kapo
1222:Gogo Nushi
1191:Gogo Nushi
1186:Hysni Kapo
1135:Hysni Kapo
1120:Tuk Jakova
872:2010-06-03
818:2010-06-03
785:2010-06-03
755:2010-06-03
722:2010-06-04
652:2010-06-03
524:2022-10-25
501:References
493:, who was
491:Zhou Enlai
445:Washington
419:Hysni Kapo
136:PR Albania
106:1917-02-14
1719:Foto Çami
1688:Foto Çami
1526:Mine Guri
1050:Politburo
518:Gazeta Si
402:Hito Çako
294:Politburo
261:Biography
142:Signature
42:In office
1060:Hoxhaism
986:Shekulli
961:Shekulli
936:Shekulli
911:Shekulli
886:Shekulli
862:Shekulli
775:Shekulli
541:(1984).
468:Vranisht
314:Politika
235:Albanian
134:Tirana,
1101:Members
996:June 4,
971:June 4,
946:June 4,
921:June 4,
896:June 3,
829:Sources
450:Beijing
430:Shkodër
424:In the
344:of the
340:, then
239:Albania
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566:8 July
557:
334:troika
267:Tirana
114:Tirana
479:split
441:Italy
998:2010
973:2010
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898:2010
843:ISBN
807:ISBN
744:ISBN
641:ISBN
568:2012
555:ISBN
357:and
177:Rank
125:Died
100:Born
553:–.
551:226
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