1011:
119:
1438:
105:
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41:
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1245:
1180:. The counterattack started on 18 August, and on 20 August "Totenkopf" and "Großdeutschland" met behind the Soviet units. Parts of two Soviet armies and two tank corps were trapped, but the trapped units heavily outnumbered the German units. Many Soviet units were able to break out, while suffering heavy casualties. After this setback the Soviet troops focused on Kharkov and captured it after heavy fighting on 23 August.
1076:, to attack on a 30-kilometer wide sector, supported by a heavy artillery concentration, and break through the five successive German defensive lines between Kursk and Kharkov. The former two armies had borne the brunt of the German attack in Operation Citadel. Supported by two additional mobile corps, the
1128:
On 3 August the offensive was begun with a heavy artillery barrage directed against the German defensive positions. Though the German defenders fought tenaciously, the two tank armies committed to the battle could not be held back. By 5 August the
Soviets had broken through the German defensive
1550:
Losses for the operation are difficult to establish due to large numbers of transfers and missing in action. Soviet casualties in the
Belgorod–Kharkov sector during this operation are estimated to be 71,611 killed and 183,955 wounded; 1,864 tanks, 423 artillery guns, and 153 aircraft were
1385:
The loss of this line of communication was a serious blow to the ability of the Army
Detachment Kempf to defend its positions around the city. This meant critical delays of supplies and reinforcements, and the unit's position was becoming increasingly untenable. The way to Poltava now remained open,
1522:
and the 8th Army had, for the moment, blunted the Soviet thrust, but to the north and southeast fresh blows had already been dealt or were in the making. The Red Army, on the other hand, employed the rippling effect that marked their offensives: if thwarted in one place, they would quickly shift to
1450:
but very little else. The high consumption of ammunition in the last month and a half had cut into supplies put aside for the last two weeks of August and the first two weeks of
September; until the turn of the month the army would have to get along with fifty percent of its daily average
1426:. Kharkov now constituted a deep German salient to the east, which prevented the Red Army from making use of this vital traffic and supply centre. Following boastful reports made by Soviet radio that Soviet troops had entered the city, when in fact it was still held by
1006:
The Soviet forces included the
Voronezh Front and the Steppe Front, which deployed about 1,144,000 men with 2,418 tanks and 13,633 guns and rocket launchers for the attack. Against this the German army could field 200,000 men and 237 tanks and assault
1183:
The battle is usually referred to as the Fourth Battle of
Kharkov by the Germans and the Belgorod–Kharkov strategic offensive operation by the Soviets. The Soviet operation was executed in two primary axes, one in the Belgorod–Kharkov axis and another in the
1466:
pushed in from three sides with the coming of daylight. The
Soviets sensed that the Germans were evacuating Kharkov, due to the lessening of artillery fire and diminishing resistance in the front lines. Later in the day, thunderous explosions were heard as
1394:, against the western front of Army Group Kempf where the 2nd and 3rd SS Panzer Divisions fought to keep the front angled south-westward away from Kharkov. On the weaker east front of Army Group Kempf, the Soviet 57th Army cleared the right bank of the
1168:
joined the battles. All three Soviet armies suffered heavily, and the tank armies lost more than 800 of their initial 1,112 tanks. These Soviet reinforcements stopped the German counterattack, but their further offensive plans were blunted.
1474:
Moving out of
Kharkov to the south, the German forces fought to hold open a corridor through which the 8th Army could withdraw. Soviet artillery and mortars shelled the corridor, and planes strafed and bombed the German columns. After dark, the
1417:
countered with an order that the city had to be held "under all circumstances". After a prediction that the order to hold
Kharkov would produce "another Stalingrad", on 14 August 1943 Kempf was relieved by Manstein who appointed General
1445:
The German supply situation in
Kharkov was now untenable; artillerymen, after firing their last rounds, were abandoning their guns to fight as infantry. The army's supply depot had five trainloads of spare tank tracks left over from
1164:, 30 km northwest of Kharkov. In the following armoured battles of firepower and maneuver, the SS divisions destroyed a great many Soviet tanks. To assist the Soviet 6th Guards Army and the 1st Tank Army, the
1531:, although Hitler refused to acknowledge it. The defeat meant that, for the first time in the war, the Red Army had the full strategic initiative, and they used it well. Worse still, the large manpower losses of the
1060:
southward to blunt the Soviet offensive. As intended, these Soviet operations drew off German forces from the main thrust of the Soviet offensive, dissipating the German reserve in anticipation for their main drive.
1451:
requirements in artillery and tank ammunition. XI Army Corps now had a combat strength of only 4,000 infantrymen, one man for every ten yards of front. Two days after taking command of
1084:, both mostly re-equipped after the end of Operation Citadel, would act as the front's mobile groups and develop the breakthrough by encircling Kharkov from the north and west.
1547:
marked the first time in the war that the Germans were not able to defeat a major Soviet offensive during the summer and regain their lost ground and the strategic initiative.
1339:
attempts on the corps left flank; Soviet armoured units had already appeared 20 miles behind the corps front line. XI Army Corps now made a series of phased withdrawals toward
2196:
1551:
lost. German personnel losses were at least 10,000 killed and missing and 20,000 wounded. German tank losses are estimated to be several times lower than Soviet tank losses.
1458:
On 21 August 1943, Manstein gave his consent to abandon Kharkov. On 22 August 1943 the German troops began their retreat from the city, under pressure from the Red Army. The
2191:
2186:
1506:. The Soviet troops hoisted a red banner over the city once again. By 1100, Kharkov and its outskirts had been taken completely. The final battle for the city was over.
1455:, Wöhler also asked Manstein for permission to abandon the city. Regardless of Hitler's demands, Wöhler and Manstein agreed that the city could not be held for long.
224:
943:'s northern flank. By 23 August, the troops of the Voronezh and Steppe Fronts had recaptured Kharkov. It was the last time that Kharkov changed hands during the
1480:
1358:
and after an intervention by the corps reserve. When its attempts to force a breakthrough in the Bogodukhov-Olshany-Zolochev met with frustration along the
1152:, along with four infantry divisions were assembled to counterattack into the flank of the advancing Soviet forces but were checked. After nine days the
1543:
during which the Red Army almost completely destroyed the German Army on the Eastern Front. Operations Polkovodets Rumyantsev, along with the concurrent
1092:'s 5th Guards Tank Army would form the inner line, facing the city. A secondary attack to the west of the main breakthrough was to be conducted by the
1390:
hesitated to push through while the Germans flanking the gap held firm. Instead, he turned his left flank armies, the 5th Guards Tank Army and the
975:
in July, time was needed for the Soviet formations to recover and regroup. The operation commenced on 3 August, with the aim of the defeating the
1216:
1359:
1267:
217:
935:
The operation began in the early hours of 3 August 1943, with the objective of following up the successful Soviet defensive effort in the
2206:
1228:
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801:
1145:
391:
1471:
were blown up. Large German columns were then observed leaving the city and the Soviet troops pushed into the largely destroyed city.
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while advancing some 60 km. Delivering powerful blows from the north and east, the attackers overwhelmed the German defenders.
551:
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Panzer Operations The Eastern Front Memoir of General Raus 1941–1945 by Steven H Newton Da Capo Press edition 2003 pp213-216
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quickly penetrated the German front-line defences on the boundary of the 4th Panzer Army and Army Detachment Kempf, between
855:
386:
251:
1979:
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and subsequently recaptured by the Das Reich infantry then to remain under German control, but the 5th Guards Tank Army (
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1320:
1316:
1312:
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1081:
642:
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256:
72:
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1503:
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1263:
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2016:
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2211:
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1328:
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With the Soviet advance around Bogodukhov stopped, the Germans now began to attempt to close the gap between
1025:
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739:
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457:
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325:
234:
28:
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2201:
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2216:
2154:
2125:
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1804:
1539:'s reactions to future Soviet thrusts during the winter of 1943 and in 1944, which was most evident in
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787:
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Panzer Operations The Eastern Front Memoir of General Raus 1941–1945 bt Steven H Newton 2003 pp213-215
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Panzer Operations The Eastern Front Memoir of General Raus 1941–1945 bt Steven H Newton 2003 Page 242
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1346:
Only reaching the final defenses north of the city on 12 August 1943, following breakthroughs by the
1288:
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regions in an attempt to stem the tide and slow down the Soviet attacks. Success was limited to the
729:
337:
305:
280:
1943:
971:
to be the major Soviet summer offensive in 1943. However, due to heavy losses sustained during the
2076:
1861:
Stalingrad to Berlin – The German Defeat in the East by Earl F Ziemke by Dorset Press 1968 page 158
1843:
Stalingrad to Berlin – The German Defeat in the East by Earl F Ziemke by Dorset Press 1968 page 156
1825:
Stalingrad to Berlin – The German Defeat in the East by Earl F Ziemke by Dorset Press 1968 page 153
1816:
Stalingrad to Berlin – The German Defeat in the East by Earl F Ziemke by Dorset Press 1968 page 154
1463:
1459:
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1101:
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in an apparent attempt to cut off the German forces extended in the southern portion of the German
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569:
320:
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Military Thought: Upgrading military art during the second period of the Great Patriotic War
1495:
1452:
1423:
992:
920:(army groups) in the southern sector of the Kursk Bulge. The battle was referred to as the
635:
517:
468:
274:
300:
8:
2168:
1540:
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delaying the 40th Army by a day. Seven panzer and motorized divisions making up the
1057:
712:
678:
623:
1100:
with the support of four separate tank corps. Meanwhile, to the east and southeast, the
2005:
1931:
1901:
1049:
1045:
1014:
722:
683:
663:
658:
556:
331:
136:
2142:
2129:
2101:
2088:
2058:
2035:
2012:
1975:
1956:
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1536:
1447:
1336:
1120:
1053:
835:
825:
607:
435:
40:
1870:
Decision in the Ukraine Summer 1943 II SS & III Panzer Corps, George M Nipe Jr,
1803:
Decision in the Ukraine Summer 1943 II SS & III Panzer Corps, George M Nipe Jr,
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reserve. This constituted a deep salient east into Soviet lines and was subject to
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1374:-Kharkov rail link. Fierce fighting ensued, in which Korotich was captured by the
1524:
1519:
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1395:
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1069:
1065:
988:
976:
972:
936:
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889:
811:
766:
673:
535:
500:
425:
315:
1088:'s 1st Tank Army was to form the westward-facing outer encirclement line, while
1914:
The Eastern Front 1943–1944: The War in the East and on the Neighbouring Fronts
1488:
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detachments before them. Enormous fires were set by the Germans as part of the
1192:
913:
479:
310:
1419:
2180:
1431:
1077:
952:
1287:
Following its withdrawal from Belgorod on the night of 5/6 August 1943, the
2045:
1414:
1410:
1363:
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by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the
1018:
917:
430:
124:
110:
76:
32:
1300:
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1177:
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arrived and initiated a counterattack against the two Soviet Armies near
1204:
1161:
141:
1916:] (in German). Vol. VIII. München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
1523:
others. Most importantly, the failure of the German offensive in the
1484:
1422:
in Kempf's place. A few days later, Army Group Kempf was renamed the
1196:
446:
2139:
Panzer Operations The Eastern Front Memoir of General Raus 1941–1945
2098:
Panzer Operations The Eastern Front Memoir of General Raus 1941–1945
1413:
to abandon the city on 12 August 1943. Manstein did not object, but
1527:
meant the Germans permanently lost the strategic initiative on the
1399:
1367:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1173:
1130:
1000:
996:
881:
2028:
1535:
in July and August 1943 severely restricted Army Groups South and
880:, was a Soviet strategic summer offensive that aimed to recapture
779:
1910:
Die Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten
1371:
1340:
1219:. They were finally halted on 12 August by armoured units of the
1033:
948:
885:
1354:
in several sectors of the front-line, the disintegration of the
202:
2122:
Decision in the Ukraine Summer 1943 II SS & III Panzerkorps
2081:
Decision in the Ukraine Summer 1943 II SS & III Panzerkorps
1141:
968:
1852:
The Road to Berlin John Erickson Westview Press 1983 Page 121
1754:
1752:
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broke into the interior of the city, driving the last German
1403:
1332:
1199:
and Belgorod and gained 100 kilometres in a sector along the
1137:
2055:
Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century
1660:
1658:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
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1624:
1441:
Soviet-manned Churchill Mk IV Tank during the battle in 1943
1990:
Colossus reborn : the Red Army at war : 1941-1943
1571:
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1295:
now held defensive positions south of the city between the
1037:
947:. The operation led to the retreat of the German forces in
1764:
1749:
1720:
1708:
1696:
1904:; Schmider, Klaus; Schönherr, Klaus; Schreiber, Gerhard;
1739:
1737:
1735:
1655:
1636:
1621:
1566:
2117:
The Road to Berlin by John Erickson Westview Press 1983
1677:
1675:
1673:
1992:. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press 2005. ISBN
1877:
1732:
2197:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
2152:
2111:
Stalingrad to Berlin – The German Defeat in the East
1609:
1597:
1370:, a sector held by SS Division Das Reich, to cut the
967:
Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev had been planned by
2192:
Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II
2075:
Jan-March, East View Publications, Gale Group, 2005
2030:
When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler
2007:
When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler
1953:
The military strategy of the Soviet Union: A History
1670:
1303:north of Kharkov. The XI Army Corps consisted of a
2027:
2004:
1997:Soviet military deception in the Second World War
939:. The offensive was directed against the German
2178:
2034:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
1974:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1129:lines, moving into the rear areas and capturing
2187:Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War
1382:) cut the rail link finally on 22 August 1943.
2141:by Steven H Newton Da Capo Press edition 2003
2100:by Steven H Newton Da Capo Press edition 2003
1970:Glantz, David M.; House, Jonathan M. (2004) .
1409:These threats had led to a request by General
874:Belgorod–Kharkov strategic offensive operation
2026:Glantz, David M.; House, Jonathan M. (2015).
1781:
1779:
1581:
1108:, followed later by the Southwestern Front's
795:
218:
155:237 tanks and assault guns at the outset
2011:. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.
2025:
2002:
1969:
1770:
1758:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1664:
1649:
1630:
1494:By 0200 on 23 August 1943, elements of the
2052:
1999:. London, England: Routledge (1989). ISBN
1776:
1575:
1434:personally ordered its immediate capture.
1032:launched a diversionary attack across the
802:
788:
225:
211:
39:
1514:By re-establishing a continuous front on
1498:pushed into the city centre, reached the
101:
1436:
1146:Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland
1119:
1009:
908:), after the 18th-century Field Marshal
888:, and destroy Nazi German forces of the
16:German forces defeat by Red army in 1943
2003:Glantz, David; House, Jonathan (1995).
1900:
1883:
1743:
1615:
1603:
1234:
1229:Belgorod–Bogodukhov offensive operation
1044:on 17 July, its commander General
2179:
1950:
1681:
1136:German reserves were shifted from the
1115:
995:would be trapped by an advance of the
783:
206:
162:13,633 guns and rocket launchers
2071:Lisitskiy, P.I. and S.A. Bogdanov.
2057:. London, England: Greenhill Books.
1238:
1227:evacuated the city of Belgorod (see
987:. It was also hoped that the German
878:Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation
22:Belgorod-Kharkov offensive operation
1191:On the first day, the units of the
809:
13:
2207:Battles involving the Soviet Union
2113:by Earl F Ziemke Dorset Press 1968
14:
2238:
232:
2162:
1243:
1124:Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev
898:Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev
301:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
117:
103:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1797:
1788:
1064:The Soviet plan called for the
1017:(right) and his chief of staff
189:43,282–71,611 killed or missing
1687:
1366:directed its assaults towards
896:. The operation was codenamed
176:8,933–10,154 killed or missing
59:(2 weeks and 6 days)
1:
2053:Krivosheev, Grigoriy (1997).
1554:
1291:under the command of General
962:
1559:
1509:
1215:line along the banks of the
7:
1376:5th Guards Mechanised Corps
1112:, were to join the attack.
983:, and the northern wing of
930:Vierte Schlacht bei Charkow
10:
2243:
2126:J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing
2085:J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing
1893:
1872:J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing
1805:J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing
1693:Glantz & House p. 241.
1140:sector and north from the
955:and set the stage for the
1343:to prevent encirclement.
1258:toward certain viewpoints
1166:5th Guards Tank Army
912:and was conducted by the
905:
821:
242:
166:
147:
130:
95:
49:
38:
26:
21:
2222:1943 in the Soviet Union
1908:; Wegner, Bernd (2007).
1325:320th Infantry Divisions
1186:Belgorod–Bogodukhov axis
1048:responded by moving the
922:Fourth Battle of Kharkov
2212:Kharkiv in World War II
1771:Glantz & House 2004
1759:Glantz & House 2004
1727:Glantz & House 1995
1715:Glantz & House 2015
1703:Glantz & House 1995
1665:Glantz & House 1995
1650:Glantz & House 2015
1631:Glantz & House 1995
1356:168th Infantry Division
1331:which acted as was the
1309:167th Infantry Division
1307:(battlegroup) from the
991:and the newly reformed
195:423 artillery guns
1955:. London: Frank Cass.
1951:Glantz, David (2001).
1442:
1125:
1021:
929:
846:Polkovodets Rumyantsev
131:Commanders and leaders
1502:and met men from the
1481:107th Rifle Divisions
1440:
1158:SS Division Totenkopf
1154:SS Division Das Reich
1123:
1013:
894:Army Detachment Kempf
167:Casualties and losses
2124:, George M Nipe Jr,
2083:, George M Nipe Jr,
1496:183rd Rifle Division
1235:Recapture of Kharkov
1082:5th Guards Tank Army
45:Map of the offensive
1972:The Battle of Kursk
1902:Frieser, Karl-Heinz
1541:Operation Bagration
1518:'s left flank, the
1504:89th Rifle Division
1386:but Soviet General
1329:6th Panzer Division
1264:improve the article
1223:. On 5 August 1943
1116:Offensive operation
1058:XLVIII Panzer Corps
932:) by the Germans.
906:Полководец Румянцев
508:Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh
409:Barvenkovo–Lozovaya
2227:August 1943 events
2202:Battles of Kharkov
1500:Dzerzhinsky Square
1443:
1126:
1050:II SS Panzer Corps
1046:Erich von Manstein
1030:Southwestern Front
1022:
1015:Erich von Manstein
703:Western Carpathian
643:2nd Jassy–Kishinev
613:1st Jassy–Kishinev
598:Leningrad–Novgorod
593:Dnieper–Carpathian
137:Erich von Manstein
2217:Conflicts in 1943
1923:978-3-421-06235-2
1906:Ungváry, Kristián
1545:Operation Kutuzov
1448:Operation Citadel
1285:
1284:
1106:7th Guards Armies
1070:6th Guards Armies
945:Soviet-German War
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1516:Army Group South
1469:ammunition dumps
1380:Pavel Rotmistrov
1280:
1277:
1271:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1221:III Panzer Corps
1150:III Panzer Corps
1090:Pavel Rotmistrov
1042:Army Group South
1024:When the Soviet
985:Army Group South
981:Army Group Kempf
959:in autumn 1943.
941:Army Group South
910:Peter Rumyantsev
907:
816:
814:
804:
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669:Petsamo–Kirkenes
547:Belgorod-Kharkov
513:Voronezh–Kharkov
237:
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193:1,864 tanks lost
160:2,418 tanks
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57:3–23 August 1943
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2019:
1988:Glantz, David.
1982:
1981:978-070061335-9
1963:
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1874:. 1996 Page 330
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1610:
1602:
1598:
1594:Koltunov p. 81.
1593:
1582:
1576:Krivosheev 1997
1574:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1525:Battle of Kursk
1520:4th Panzer Army
1512:
1392:5th Guards Army
1388:Nikolai Vatutin
1281:
1275:
1272:
1261:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1118:
1086:Mikhail Katukov
989:1st Panzer Army
977:4th Panzer Army
973:Battle of Kursk
965:
937:Battle of Kursk
890:4th Panzer Army
870:
865:
861:Order of Battle
817:
813:Battle of Kursk
812:
810:
808:
778:
773:
767:Prague uprising
750:Bratislava–Brno
740:Moravia–Ostrava
630:Lvov–Sandomierz
458:Rzhev–Sychyovka
286:Białystok–Minsk
238:
233:
231:
196:
194:
192:
191:183,955 wounded
190:
188:
186:177,586–255,566
181:
179:
177:
175:
161:
159:
154:
118:
116:
104:
102:
79:
58:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2240:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2172:
2171:
2150:
2149:
2136:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2095:
2078:
2069:
2063:
2050:
2040:
2023:
2017:
2000:
1995:Glantz, David
1993:
1986:
1980:
1967:
1961:
1948:
1922:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:, p. 199.
1876:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1796:
1787:
1775:
1773:, p. 251.
1763:
1761:, p. 249.
1748:
1746:, p. 196.
1731:
1729:, p. 169.
1719:
1717:, p. 221.
1707:
1705:, p. 168.
1695:
1686:
1684:, p. 333.
1669:
1667:, p. 170.
1654:
1652:, p. 395.
1635:
1633:, p. 297.
1620:
1618:, p. 154.
1608:
1606:, p. 197.
1596:
1580:
1578:, p. 134.
1564:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1511:
1508:
1489:scorched earth
1283:
1282:
1251:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1193:Voronezh Front
1117:
1114:
1026:Southern Front
999:forces to the
964:
961:
957:Battle of Kiev
867:
866:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
822:
819:
818:
807:
806:
799:
792:
784:
775:
774:
772:
771:
770:
769:
759:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
730:East Pomerania
727:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
692:
691:
687:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
639:
632:
627:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
589:
588:
584:
583:
578:
573:
566:
565:
564:
554:
549:
544:
539:
532:
527:
522:
515:
510:
505:
497:
496:
492:
491:
484:
477:
472:
465:
460:
455:
450:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
421:Toropets–Kholm
418:
411:
406:
400:
399:
395:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
373:
372:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
270:
269:
265:
264:
259:
254:
248:
247:
243:
240:
239:
230:
229:
222:
215:
207:
199:
198:
183:
180:240 tanks lost
178:16,135 wounded
169:
168:
164:
163:
158:1,144,000 men
156:
150:
149:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
128:
127:
114:
98:
97:
93:
92:
89:
88:
87:Soviet victory
85:
81:
80:
67:
65:
61:
60:
55:
47:
46:
36:
35:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2239:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2148:
2147:0-306-81247-9
2144:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:0-921991-35-5
2131:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:0-306-81247-9
2103:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:0-921991-35-5
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2064:1-85367-280-7
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2041:9780700621217
2037:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2020:
2018:9780700608997
2014:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1962:9780714682006
1958:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1933:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1806:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1723:
1716:
1711:
1704:
1699:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1617:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1529:Eastern Front
1526:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1432:Joseph Stalin
1429:
1428:XI Army Corps
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:XI Army Corps
1279:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1252:This section
1250:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1078:1st Tank Army
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
960:
958:
954:
953:Dnieper River
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:Steppe Fronts
915:
911:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
820:
815:
805:
800:
798:
793:
791:
786:
785:
782:
768:
765:
764:
763:
760:
758:
757:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
725:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
698:
694:
693:
689:
688:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
644:
640:
638:
637:
633:
631:
628:
626:
625:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
586:
585:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
571:
567:
563:
560:
559:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
537:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
520:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
503:
499:
498:
494:
493:
490:
489:
488:Little Saturn
485:
483:
482:
478:
476:
475:Velikiye Luki
473:
471:
470:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
448:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
416:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
397:
396:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
371:
370:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
333:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
277:
276:
272:
271:
267:
266:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
246:Naval warfare
245:
244:
241:
236:
235:Eastern Front
228:
223:
221:
216:
214:
209:
208:
205:
187:
184:
174:
173:25,068–26,289
171:
170:
165:
157:
152:
151:
146:
143:
140:
138:
135:
134:
129:
126:
115:
112:
100:
99:
94:
86:
83:
82:
78:
74:
73:Ukrainian SSR
70:
66:
63:
62:
56:
53:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
30:
29:Eastern Front
25:
20:
2174:
2169:Soviet Union
2138:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2097:
2080:
2072:
2054:
2046:Project MUSE
2044:– via
2029:
2006:
1996:
1989:
1971:
1952:
1913:
1909:
1884:Frieser 2007
1879:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1799:
1790:
1766:
1744:Frieser 2007
1722:
1710:
1698:
1689:
1616:Frieser 2007
1611:
1604:Frieser 2007
1599:
1549:
1532:
1513:
1493:
1473:
1457:
1444:
1415:Adolf Hitler
1411:Werner Kempf
1408:
1384:
1364:Steppe Front
1345:
1304:
1301:Lopan Rivers
1286:
1273:
1253:
1190:
1182:
1171:
1135:
1127:
1063:
1023:
1019:Hans Speidel
1005:
966:
934:
921:
897:
877:
876:, or simply
873:
871:
754:
735:Lake Balaton
723:
708:East Prussia
697:Vistula–Oder
695:
641:
634:
622:
568:
557:2nd Smolensk
546:
534:
518:
501:
487:
480:
467:
445:
413:
392:Air war 1941
367:
330:
306:1st Smolensk
273:
262:Arctic Ocean
197:153 aircraft
185:
182:unknown guns
172:
125:Soviet Union
96:Belligerents
77:Soviet Union
33:World War II
27:Part of the
1940:|work=
1682:Glantz 2001
1477:89th Guards
1464:69th Armies
1420:Otto Wöhler
1360:Merla River
1352:69th Armies
1337:outflanking
1305:Kampfgruppe
1293:Erhard Raus
1217:Merla river
1178:Krasnokutsk
1098:40th Armies
1038:Mius Rivers
951:behind the
831:Prokhorovka
530:Gorky Blitz
525:3rd Kharkov
441:2nd Kharkov
343:1st Kharkov
338:Sea of Azov
153:200,000 men
2181:Categories
1555:References
1327:, and the
1276:March 2014
1256:unbalanced
1205:Bogodukhov
1162:Bogodukhov
1072:, and the
1054:XXIV Corps
963:Background
654:2nd Baltic
649:Dukla Pass
636:Doppelkopf
608:2nd Crimea
552:2nd Donbas
542:1st Donbas
519:Polar Star
469:Stalingrad
353:Sevastopol
348:1st Crimea
291:1st Baltic
275:Barbarossa
252:Baltic Sea
142:Ivan Konev
1942:ignored (
1932:cite book
1560:Citations
1533:Wehrmacht
1510:Aftermath
1491:policy.
1485:rearguard
1268:talk page
1197:Tomarovka
1110:57th Army
1074:53rd Army
679:Gumbinnen
624:Bagration
463:Sinyavino
447:Case Blue
332:Leningrad
257:Black Sea
1453:8th Army
1424:8th Army
1400:Chuguyev
1398:between
1368:Korotich
1225:XI Corps
1213:Zolochev
1201:Akhtyrka
1174:Akhtyrka
1156:and the
1131:Belgorod
1080:and the
1028:and the
1001:Azov Sea
997:Red Army
993:6th Army
914:Voronezh
882:Belgorod
851:Belgorod
724:Solstice
684:Budapest
674:Courland
664:Debrecen
659:Belgrade
581:2nd Kiev
453:Caucasus
426:Demyansk
387:Chechnya
321:1st Kiev
148:Strength
71:region,
64:Location
2128:. 1996
2087:. 1996
1894:Sources
1372:Poltava
1341:Kharkov
1262:Please
1254:may be
1209:Olshany
1034:Dnieper
949:Ukraine
902:Russian
886:Kharkov
856:Kharkov
836:Kutuzov
826:Citadel
718:Breslau
713:Silesia
618:Karelia
570:Dnieper
436:Bamberg
377:Finland
326:Tallinn
111:Germany
69:Kharkov
2155:Portal
2145:
2132:
2104:
2091:
2061:
2038:
2015:
1978:
1959:
1920:
1537:Centre
1462:&
1404:Zmiyev
1396:Donets
1362:, the
1311:, the
1297:Donets
1142:Donbas
969:Stavka
926:German
841:Roland
762:Prague
756:Berlin
745:Vienna
562:Lenino
404:Lyuban
369:Moscow
358:Rostov
316:Odessa
122:
108:
84:Result
1912:[
1333:corps
1321:198th
1317:106th
1313:168th
1007:guns.
603:Narva
576:Nevel
536:Kursk
502:Iskra
431:Kholm
415:Rzhev
382:Kerch
363:Gorky
296:Brody
281:Brest
2143:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2102:ISBN
2089:ISBN
2059:ISBN
2036:ISBN
2013:ISBN
1976:ISBN
1957:ISBN
1944:help
1918:ISBN
1479:and
1460:57th
1402:and
1350:and
1348:57th
1299:and
1176:and
1138:Orel
1104:and
1102:69th
1096:and
1094:27th
1068:and
1056:and
1036:and
916:and
892:and
884:and
872:The
690:1945
587:1944
495:1943
481:Mars
398:1942
311:Uman
268:1941
54:Date
1231:).
1066:5th
31:of
2183::
1936::
1934:}}
1930:{{
1778:^
1751:^
1734:^
1672:^
1657:^
1638:^
1623:^
1583:^
1568:^
1430:,
1406:.
1323:,
1319:,
1315:,
1188:.
1052:,
1003:.
979:,
928::
904::
75:,
2157::
2067:.
2048:.
2021:.
1984:.
1965:.
1946:)
1926:.
1278:)
1274:(
1270:.
1260:.
1211:–
1207:–
1203:–
924:(
900:(
803:e
796:t
789:v
226:e
219:t
212:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
