Beaujolais - Knowledge

1262:, is the most widely planted grape in Beaujolais, accounting for nearly 98% of all plantings. The remaining plantings are mostly Chardonnay. Aligote vines that were planted prior to 2004 are permitted in wine production, but the entire grape variety is being phased out of the region by 2024. According to AOC regulation, up to 15% of white wine grape varieties can be included in all Beaujolais red wines from the basic Beaujolais AOC to the Cru Beaujolais wines, but in practice the wines are almost always 100% Gamay. Pinot noir, which has very small plantings, is also permitted, but that grape is being phased out by 2015 as Beaujolais winemakers continue to focus their winemaking identity on the Gamay grape. The characteristics that the Gamay grapes adds to Beaujolais are a deep bluish-red color, high 818:, producers can affix the name of their particular village to the Beaujolais-Villages designation. Since most of the villages of Beaujolais, outside of those classified as Cru Beaujolais, villages have little international name recognitions most producers choose to maintain the Beaujolais-Villages designation. The maximum permitted yields for this AOC is 58 hl/ha. These wines are meant to be consumed young, within two years of their harvest. Several of the communes in the Beaujolais-Villages AOC also qualify to produce their wines under the Mâconnais and Saint-Véran AOCs. The Beaujolais producers that produce a red wine under the Beaujolais-Villages appellation will often produce their white wine under the more internationally recognized names of Mâcon-Villages or Saint-Véran. 467: 1214:. Any Beaujolais or Beaujolais-Villages AOC vineyard can produce Beaujolais nouveau. The grapes are harvested between late August and early September. It is fermented for just a few days and released to the public on the third Thursday of November – "Beaujolais Nouveau Day". It is the first French wine to be released for each vintage year. In 1992, at its peak, more than half of all Beaujolais wine was sold as "Beaujolais nouveau". The wines are meant to be drunk as young as possible, when they are at their freshest and fruitiest. They can last up to one or two years but will have lost most of their characteristic flavors by that point. 992: 442:, demand outpaced supply for the easy-drinking, fruity wines. As more Beaujolais producers tried to capitalize on the "Nouveau craze", production of regular Beaujolais dropped and an eventual backlash occurred in the late 1990s and early 21st century. By this point, the whole of Beaujolais wine had developed a negative reputation among consumers who associated Gamay based wines with the slightly sweet, simple light bodied wines that characterized Beaujolais Nouveau. Producers were left with a wine surplus that French authorities compelled them to reduce through mandatory 814:, the intermediate category in terms of classification, covers 39 communes/villages in the Haut Beaujolais, the northern part of the region accounting for a quarter of production. Some is sold as Beaujolais-Villages Nouveau, but it is not common. Most of the wines are released in the following March after the harvest. The terrain of this region is hillier with more schist and granite soil composition than what is found in the regions of the Beaujolais AOC and the wine has the potential to be of higher quality. If the grapes come from the area of a single vineyard or 720: 823: 3624: 2993: 2701: 847:. These wines do not usually show the word "Beaujolais" on the label, in an attempt to separate themselves from mass-produced Nouveau; in fact vineyards in the cru villages are not allowed to produce Nouveau. The maximum yields for Cru Beaujolais wine is 48 hl/ha. Their wines can be more full-bodied, darker in color, and significantly longer-lived. From north to south the Beaujolais crus are- Saint-Amour, Juliénas, Chénas, Moulin-à-Vent, Fleurie, Chiroubles, Morgon, Régnié, Brouilly and Côte de Brouilly. 54: 1400: 1176: 1387:. Basic Beaujolais and Beaujolais nouveau are meant to be drunk within a year of their harvest. Beaujolais-Villages are generally consumed within two to three years and Cru Beaujolais has the potential to age longer, some not even fully developing till at least three years after harvest. Premium examples from Chénas, Juliénas, Morgon and Moulin-à-Vent can spend up to 10 years continuing to develop in the bottle and in very good vintages can take on 1457: 1300: 3636: 890: 604: 543:, the producers sued under an obscure French law that punishes the denigration of French products. In January 2003, the court in Villefranche-sur-Saône found in favor of the Beaujolais producers and awarded USD$ 350,000, which would have put the small employee-owned publication out of business. The bad publicity garnered from the "shit wine case" was extensive, with several publications such as 1285:, with six approved clones of Gamay for the wine region. In recent years the rootstock Vialla has gained popularity due to its propensity to produce well in granite soils. The SO4 and 3309 rootstocks also account for significant plantings. Clonal selection of the Gamay grape has shifted towards an emphasis on smaller, thicker-skinned berries. 963:- The most recently recognized cru, graduating from a Beaujolais-Villages area to Cru Beaujolais in 1988. One of the more full-bodied crus in this category. It is noted for its redcurrant and raspberry flavors. Local lore in the region states that this cru was the site of the first vineyards planted in Beaujolais by the Romans. 1346:

to soften the wine. The process of chaptalization, adding sugar to the grape must to boost alcohol levels, has been a controversial issue for Beaujolais winemakers. Historically, Beaujolais producers would pick grapes at ripeness that were at minimum potential alcohol levels of 10–10.5% and then add

1309:

Beaujolais wines are produced by the winemaking technique of semi-carbonic maceration. Whole grape clusters are put in cement or stainless steel tanks with capacities between 4,000–30,000 litres (1,100–7,900 US gal). The bottom third of the grapes gets crushed under the weight of gravity

1242:

method which involves taking a single or double spur and training it out horizontally. Harvest usually occurs in late September and is almost universally done by hand rather than with the use of mechanical harvesters. This is because the Beaujolais wine-making style of carbonic maceration utilizes

1472:

slightly chilled to a lower temperature, the lighter the style. Beaujolais nouveau, being the lightest style, is served at about 52 °F (11 °C). Beaujolais AOC and Beaujolais-Villages are generally served between 56–57 °F (13–14 °C). Cru Beaujolais, especially the fuller bodied

499:

issued another edict against Gamay, in which he stated that the reason for the ban was because "he Dukes of Burgundy are known as the lords of the best wines in Christendom. We will maintain our reputation". The edicts had the effect of pushing Gamay plantings southward, out of the main region of

1330:

in the winemaking environment. This results in a fruity wine without much tannin. In the case of Beaujolais nouveau, this process is completed in as little as four days, with the other AOCs being allowed longer time to ferment. As the grapes ferment longer, they develop more tannins and a fuller

1355:

it is practiced to varying degrees by Beaujolais winemakers. Some producers who make Beaujolais on a large commercial scale will filter the wine aggressively to avoid any impurity or future chemical reactions. This can have the negative side effect of diminishing some of the wine's unique fruit

799:

is the most extended appellation allowed to be used in any of the 96 villages, but essentially covering 60 villages, and refers to all basic Beaujolais wines. A large portion of the wine produced under this appellation is sold as Beaujolais Nouveau. Annually, this appellation averages around 75

706:

and clay based soils with some limestone patches. The Gamay grape fares differently in both regions-producing more structured, complex wines in the north and lighter, fruitier wines in the south. The angle of the hillside vineyards in the north exposes the grapes to more sunshine which leads to

579:

company was charged with mixing low-grade wine with better vintages after a patchy 2004 harvest. Georges Duboeuf denied wrongdoing, blaming human error and pointing out that none of the affected wine was released to consumers. The production manager directly responsible admitted his actions and

611:

Beaujolais is a large wine-producing region, larger than any single district of Burgundy. There are over 18,000 hectares (44,000 acres) of vines planted in a 34 miles (55 km) stretch of land that is between 7 and 9 miles (14 km) wide (11 to 14 km). The historical capital of the

669:

on the climate. The region is overall, warmer than Burgundy with vines that consistently fully ripen grapes. By the time that the Beaujolais Nouveau is released in late November, the foothills in the western regions will have normally seen snow. A common viticultural hazard is spring time

567:

running critical or satirical articles in response to the court's decision. In 2005, the highest court of appeal reversed the decision and found that there was no cause for action against the publication; the Beaujolais winemakers were ordered to pay €2,000 (US$ 2,442) in court costs to

523:

claimed that the reason for the backlash was the poor quality of Beaujolais Nouveau that had flooded the market in recent decades. He claimed that Beaujolais producers had long ignored the warning signs that such a backlash was coming and continued to produce what Mauss termed

512:

Following the 2001 vintage, over 1.1 million cases of Beaujolais wine (most of it Beaujolais Nouveau) had to be destroyed or distilled due to lackluster sales as part of a consumer backlash against the popularity of Beaujolais Nouveau. In an interview given to local newspaper

1492:

with basic Beaujolais and Beaujolais-Villages doing well with light fare, like picnics and salads. The lighter Cru Beaujolais pair well with poultry and the heavier Crus pairing better with red meats and hearty dishes like stews. In Norway, Beaujolais is a favorite with

842:

in Beaujolais refers to an entire wine-producing area rather than an individual vineyard. Seven of the Crus relate to actual villages while Brouilly and Côte de Brouilly refer to the vineyards areas around Mont Brouilly and Moulin-à-Vent is named for a local

681:

of Beaujolais divide the region into a northern and southern half, with the town of Villefranche serving as a near dividing point. The northern half of Beaujolais, where most of the Cru Beaujolais communes are located, includes rolling hills of

731:

in 2011 There are 12 main appellations of Beaujolais wines covering the production of more than 96 villages in the Beaujolais region. They were originally established in 1936, with additional crus being promoted in 1938 and 1946, plus

580:

resigned, and a court found that both "fraud and attempted fraud concerning the origin and quality of wines" had been committed. Fewer than 200,000 liters of the company's annual 270 million liter production were implicated, but

1321:

is released as a byproduct of this fermentation and begins to saturate the individual intact grape berries that remain in the barrel. The carbon dioxide seeps into the skin of the grape and begin to stimulate fermentation at an

1188:

and its consumption was seen as a celebration of another successful harvest. In the 1960s, this style of simple Beaujolais became increasingly popular worldwide with more than half a million cases of it being sold. In 1985 the

1128:– Wines are very similar to the nearby Chénas Cru Beaujolais. This region produces some of the longest-lasting examples of Beaujolais wine, with some wines lasting up to 10 years. Some producers will age their Moulin-à-Vent in 1439:

with a growing amount being estate bottled. Very little of the estate bottled Beaujolais wines are exported into the United States or United Kingdom though a few exporters specialize in this small niche—the most notable being

1183:

The early history of Beaujolais nouveau can trace its roots to 19th century when the first wines of the vintage were sent down the Saône to the early bistros of Lyon. Upon their arrival signs would be put out proclaiming

478:

and the ancient white variety Gouais, the latter a Central European variety that was probably introduced to northeastern France by the Romans. The grape brought relief to the village growers following the decline of the

1195:(INAO) established the third Thursday of November to allow for a uniform release date for the wine. Wines are typically shipped a few days earlier to locations around the world where they must be held in a 1222:

The Beaujolais region has one of the highest vine density ratios of any major worldwide wine region, with anywhere from 9000 to 13,000 vines per hectare. Most vines are trained in the traditional

1059:

The last four crus produce the fullest bodied examples of Cru Beaujolais that need the most time ageing in the bottle and are usually meant to be consumed between four and 10 years after harvest.

1116:– Produces earthy wines that can take on a Burgundian character of silky texture after five years aging. These wines are generally the deepest color and most rich Cru Beaujolais with aromas of 495:, outlawed the cultivation of Gamay as being "a very bad and disloyal plant", due in part to the variety occupying land that could be used for the more "elegant" pinot noir. Sixty years later, 1689: 886:

The 10 Beaujolais crus differ in character. The following three crus produce the lightest-bodied Beaujolais and are typically intended to be consumed within three years of the vintage.

1070:– Once contained many of the vineyards that are now sold under the Moulin-à-Vent designation. It is now the smallest Cru Beaujolais with wines that are noted for their aroma of wild 925:. Along with Côte de Brouilly, this is the only Cru Beaujolais region that permits grapes other than Gamay to be produced in the area with vineyards growing Chardonnay, Aligote and 1347:

sugar in order to artificially boost the alcohol levels to the near the maximum of 13–13.5%. This created wines lacking structure and balance to go with the high alcohol body and

869:

regions and producers will usually choose to label their wines under the more marketable and well known Mâcon Blanc designation. There is also regulations in several Beaujolais

1102:. In contrast to the claims of Régnié, Juliénas growers believe that this area was the site of the first vineyards planted in Beaujolais by the Romans during their conquest of 1622: 834:, the highest category of classification in Beaujolais, account for the production within ten villages/areas in the foothills of the Beaujolais mountains. Unlike Burgundy and 1505:, Beaujolais wine is used to make a traditional regional dessert involving a glass of sliced peaches, topped with blackcurrants and drenched in chilled Beaujolais wine. 1351:. The recent trend towards higher quality wine production has limited the use of chaptalization in the premium levels of Beaujolais wine. Filtering the wine in order to 905:– The largest cru in Beaujolais, situated around Mont Brouilly and containing within its boundaries the sub-district of Côte de Brouilly. The wines are noted for their 733: 1021:– One of the most widely exported Cru Beaujolais into the United States. These wines often have a velvet texture with fruity and floral bouquet. In ideal vintages, a 973:– This cru has vineyards at some of the highest altitudes among the Cru Beaujolais. Chiroubles cru are noted for their delicate perfume that often includes aromas of 355:, and the wine is sufficiently individual in character to be considered apart from Burgundy and Rhône. The region is known internationally for its long tradition of 1120:

and peaches. Within this cru there is a particular hillside, known as Côte du Py, in the center of Morgon that produces the most powerful examples of Morgon wines.

1754: 865:

soils of the far northern extremities of the region. Part of the reason for the small production of these wines is that many of the vineyards overlap into the

1144:

that is in the soil, which can be toxic to grape vines in high levels. The level of toxicity in Moulin-à-Vent does not kill the vine but is enough to cause

861:

is grown in the region and used to produce Beaujolais Blanc or Beaujolais-Villages Blanc. The vineyards to produces these wines are normally found in the

1728: 1709: 736:

in 1988. About half of all Beaujolais wine is sold under the basic Beaujolais AOC designation. The majority of this wine is produced in the southern

632:). Many of Beaujolais vineyards are found in the hillside on the outskirt of Lyons in the eastern portion of the region along the Saône valley. The 3035: 1477:. In Beaujolais, it is traditional to soak the bottles in buckets of ice water and bring them out to the village's center for picnics and games of 1011:

Mont Brouilly within the Brouilly Cru Beaujolais. The wines from this region are more deeply concentrated with less earthiness than Brouilly wine.

1445: 1191: 487:

two weeks earlier and was less difficult to cultivate. It also produced a strong, fruitier wine in a much larger abundance. In July 1395, the

1078:

is produced that is meant to age at least five years before consuming and last up to 15. The area named is derived from the forest of French

1040: 532:

wine"). This triggered an outcry among Beaujolais producers, followed by an association of 56 cooperative producers filing a lawsuit against

1206:

Today, about a third of the region's production is sold as Beaujolais nouveau, a marketing name created by Georges Duboeuf for the local

1468:

has described Beaujolais as "the only white wine that happens to be red". Similarly, Beaujolais is often treated like a white wine and

1211: 515: 3148: 636:

is located to the west and has a tempering influence on Beaujolais' climate. The region is located south of the Burgundy wine region

1914: 1614: 1152:

to reduce yields severely. The resulting wines from Moulin-à-Vent are the most full bodied and powerful examples in Beaujolais. The

427:

in the 19th century opened up the lucrative Paris market. The first mention of Beaujolais wines in English followed soon after when

96: 2927: 953:" (Go! And piss no more). The vineyard name is the admonishment that her husband gave to her upon learning of the priest's words. 261: 64: 3028: 2749: 3656: 1473:

examples, can be treated like red Burgundy wine and served at 60–62 °F (16–17 °C). The wines rarely need to be

470:

When Philippe the Bold outlawed the cultivation of Gamay in Burgundy, it pushed the grape south to the Beaujolais region.

424: 1935: 694:. On hillsides, most of the granite and schist is found in the upper slopes with the lower slopes having more stone and 1743: 1431:

Georges Duboeuf. There are more than 4000 vineyard owners in Beaujolais and the fractional amount that is not sold to

2011: 1924: 1891: 1813: 1671: 1595: 1574: 239: 3157: 1025:(wine for aging) is produced that is meant to age at least four years before consuming and can last up to 16 years. 646:

in the northern region of Beaujolais overlapping between the AOC boundaries Beaujolais and the Maconnais region of

3671: 3115: 3021: 1986: 2300: 2467: 666: 446:. In response, there has been renewed emphasis on the production of more complex wines that are aged longer in 44: 17: 3661: 1906: 1706: 1488:

a variety of food according to the lightness and body of the wine. Beaujolais Nouveau is typically used as an

288:

is also permitted until 2024 (on condition the vines were planted before 2004). Beaujolais tends to be a very

3141: 2953: 466: 3508: 2958: 1379:. This is epitomized in Beaujolais nouveau, which is fermented for just a few days and can be dominated by 563: 496: 988:

recommends needs at least a year aging in the bottle and to be consumed within four years of the vintage.

305: 3348: 31: 3614: 2878: 2845: 2674: 3666: 3090: 2968: 2858: 625: 3134: 2963: 2742: 2684: 2613: 2505: 2106: 2089: 1469: 332: 1460:

Light bodied Beaujolais wine, such as Beaujolais-Villages pair well with lighter fare like salads.

1424: 1246:

The Gamay grape, more accurately known as Gamay noir à Jus blanc to distinguish it from the Gamay

1243:

whole bunches of grape clusters that normally get broken and separated by a mechanical harvester.

1098:. The wines made from this area are noted for their richness and spice with aromas reminiscent of 431:

described the wines of Moulin-à-Vent and Saint-Amour as being low-priced and best consumed young.

2853: 2226: 2062: 1514: 1343: 874: 654: 591:

of sugar to growers in Beaujolais. Up to 100 growers were accused of using the sugar for illegal

2716: 2639: 2084: 1485: 678: 1420: 3438: 2654: 2423: 2067: 991: 324: 320: 1930: 877:. Beaujolais Rosé made from Gamay is permitted in the Beaujolais AOC but is rarely produced. 458:

Beaujolais communes, where the name of the commune is allowed to be displayed on the label.

2305: 2057: 1047:

near the area. The wines from Saint-Amour are noted for their spicy flavors with aromas of

1132:

which gives these wines more tannin and structure than other Beaujolais wines. The phrase

1124: 741: 8: 3095: 2883: 2835: 2735: 1979: 1911: 1314: 1294: 1044: 985: 873:

restricting growers to dedicating no more than 10% of their vineyard space to white wine

384: 360: 2285: 309: 280:. Whites from the region, which make up only 1% of its production, are made mostly with 3413: 3196: 2873: 2378: 1416: 1303: 1170: 926: 719: 642: 557: 435: 364: 185: 822: 647: 434:

In the 1980s, Beaujolais hit a peak of popularity in the world's wine market with its

2827: 2774: 2358: 2096: 1887: 1809: 1667: 1591: 1570: 1411:

who produce nearly 90% of the wine sold outside the Beaujolais region. Many of these

662: 658: 492: 416: 2295: 520: 419:. The wines from Beaujolais were mostly confined to the markets along the Saône and 408: 340: 3555: 3468: 3433: 3287: 3232: 2618: 2545: 2408: 2310: 1352: 1255: 1196: 488: 392: 207: 396: 195:

Beaujolais, Beaujolais Villages, cru Beaujolais, Beaujolais Nouveau

3591: 3550: 3453: 3418: 3317: 3292: 2973: 2794: 2711: 2497: 2325: 2260: 2203: 2166: 2046: 1918: 1713: 1259: 1008: 439: 255: 1427:, are based in Burgundy. One of the most well known Beaujolais producers is the 1090: 587:

In December 2007, five people were arrested after reportedly selling nearly 600

3601: 3581: 3571: 3503: 3483: 3398: 3353: 3302: 3267: 3222: 3201: 3181: 2863: 2812: 2766: 2623: 2595: 2570: 2491: 2480: 2475: 2373: 2340: 2156: 2134: 2101: 2077: 1972: 1318: 1282: 1227: 982: 801: 777: 708: 633: 592: 484: 301: 2868: 336: 3650: 3640: 3623: 3596: 3576: 3534: 3524: 3458: 3428: 3383: 3358: 3338: 3333: 3277: 3262: 3242: 3227: 3206: 3191: 3186: 3176: 3171: 3100: 3070: 3065: 2992: 2893: 2802: 2700: 2608: 2603: 2280: 2072: 1465: 1388: 1323: 1267: 1235: 1231: 1095: 1036: 974: 906: 761: 745: 428: 348: 270: 111: 98: 90: 3105: 352: 53: 3586: 3529: 3493: 3488: 3473: 3463: 3423: 3408: 3363: 3343: 3312: 3257: 3252: 3080: 2679: 2270: 2208: 2198: 2151: 1441: 1436: 1311: 1157: 765: 749: 443: 376: 2428: 1399: 1175: 866: 637: 313: 3628: 3478: 3448: 3388: 3378: 3373: 3297: 3272: 3247: 3237: 3055: 3044: 2997: 2948: 2911: 2705: 2560: 2550: 2448: 2213: 2144: 2003: 1502: 1494: 1372: 1271: 1239: 1210:. It is the lightest, fruitiest style of Beaujolais and meant for simple 835: 769: 753: 480: 404: 400: 289: 181: 2330: 1489: 454:

driven estate-bottled wines made from single vineyards or in one of the

3498: 3443: 3403: 3393: 3368: 3282: 3110: 2901: 2817: 2807: 2758: 2664: 2659: 2644: 2580: 2575: 2540: 2438: 2433: 2393: 2320: 2265: 2255: 2237: 2193: 2181: 2171: 2129: 1955: 1945: 1384: 1339: 1278: 1274:. The aroma associated with the grape itself is typically red berries. 1251: 1247: 1230:

of the vines are pushed upwards and arranged in a circle, resembling a

1149: 1137: 1129: 1043:) who converted to Christianity after escaping death and established a 942: 858: 475: 455: 447: 438:

wine. Spurred on by the creative marketing from wine merchants such as

356: 281: 274: 177: 169: 165: 2250: 285: 173: 3307: 3085: 3075: 2779: 2669: 2649: 2585: 2565: 2555: 2515: 2453: 2335: 2275: 2176: 2021: 1367:

wine of Paris; a fruity, easy-drinking red traditionally served in 1

1348: 1145: 1141: 937:

old woman!") which received its name from a local legend of a devout

934: 918: 910: 862: 703: 691: 551: 407:

monks. In the 10th century, the region got its name from the town of

143: 2525: 2520: 2510: 2403: 2383: 2350: 2315: 2161: 2124: 2036: 2031: 2016: 1840:

CAHIER DES CHARGES DE L'APPELLATION D'ORIGINE CONTRÔLÉE BEAUJOLAIS.

1498: 1474: 1456: 1299: 1223: 1140:

of these oak aged wines. The region is noted for the high level of

1055:

wines require at least four year aging and can last up to 12 years.

981:

The next three crus produce more medium bodied Cru Beaujolais that

938: 844: 785: 545: 344: 277: 3126: 2245: 1753:. Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. February 2012. 420: 380: 300:, Beaujolais produces more wine than the Burgundy wine regions of 2978: 2784: 2535: 2388: 2363: 2290: 2026: 1263: 1117: 1099: 781: 687: 621: 501: 451: 450:

prior to release. Recent years have seen a rise in the number of

297: 293: 131: 2139: 1317:

with ambient yeasts found naturally on the skins of the grapes.

889: 698:

composition. The southern half of the region, also known as the

603: 2943: 2906: 2530: 2418: 2413: 1478: 1364: 1357: 1327: 914: 683: 588: 135: 3013: 1407:

The Beaujolais wine industry is dominated by the more than 30

1179:

A glass and bottle of Beaujolais nouveau from the 2013 vintage

219: 2727: 2443: 2398: 2368: 1380: 1277:

Since the 1960s, more focus has been placed on the choice of

1048: 922: 671: 540: 266: 161: 1356:

character and leave a flavor that critics have described as

399:. From the 7th century through the Middle Ages, most of the 1995: 1951: 1615:"'Vin de merde' case closes in favour of freedom of speech" 1368: 1103: 1071: 728: 695: 595:

and also of exceeding volume quotas between 2004 and 2006.

529: 328: 231: 222: 216: 139: 1690:"King of Beaujolais is convicted over adulterated wines." 1238:

and has only recently begun to fall out of favor for the

1079: 727:

The new rules for Beaujolais appellations were issued by

423:, particularly in the town of Lyon. The expansion of the 1940: 1035:– Local lore suggest that this region was named after a 1964: 1569:(Third Ed.), pp. 72–74. Oxford University Press, 2006. 800:

million bottles a year in production. Maximum level of

395:. The Romans also planted vineyards in the area around 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 584:, as it was called, was considered a serious scandal. 3612: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1203:

am, when the wines can be first opened and consumed.

504:-based soils of Beaujolais, where the grape thrived. 379:

who planted the areas along its trading route up the

375:

The region of Beaujolais was first cultivated by the

331:, and covers parts of the north of the department of 240: 210: 1792: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 711:

at an earlier time than the vineyards in the south.

228: 213: 929:as well. The Brouilly cru also contains the famous 225: 1843: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1326:level. This is caused, in part, by the absence of 1234:. This method has its roots in the Roman style of 1217: 1094:– This cru is centered on the village named after 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1771: 1744:"SUPERFICIES ET PRODUCTIONS DE VINS (hl) en 2010" 1637: 1580: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1338:After fermentation, the must is normally high in 3648: 415:until the 15th century when it was ceded to the 347:. While administratively considered part of the 893:Mont Brouilly at centre, encircled by vineyards 339:region and southern areas of the department of 1819: 1526: 3142: 3029: 2743: 1980: 1250:grapes with red juice and different from the 772:). Exactly the same limits are effective for 351:region, the climate is closer to that of the 168:(and the local variation of Pinot Liébault), 1684: 1682: 1680: 1192:Institut National des Appellations d'Origine 319:The wine takes its name from the historical 1451: 804:in the Nouveau is limited at 100 mg/L. 269:grape, which has a thin skin and is low in 3149: 3135: 3036: 3022: 2750: 2736: 1987: 1973: 624:) and the economic capital of the area is 292:red wine, with relatively high amounts of 52: 1677: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1335:for Nouveau wines is limited to 10 days. 1136:(oak casks) will sometimes appear on the 857:– A small amount of white wine made from 764:for the grapes is 10,5%, and the maximum 474:Gamay noir is now known to be a cross of 27:Wine from the Beaujolais region of France 1950: 1455: 1398: 1342:and producers will put the wine through 1298: 1174: 990: 888: 821: 723:Louis Jadot Beaujolais-Villages AOC 2004 718: 602: 598: 465: 2928:Clarification and stabilization of wine 1391:qualities of structure and complexity. 1288: 748:for the grapes is 10%, and the maximum 483:. In contrast to the pinot noir, Gamay 14: 3649: 1730:Trouble ferments in Beaujolais country 1612: 1601: 1007:– Located on the higher slopes of the 941:woman who misheard the local priest's 3130: 3017: 2731: 1968: 1949: 1886:pp. 220-225, Workman Publishing 2001 1666:pp. 165–168, Dorling Kindersley 2005 1590:pp. 133–134, Simon and Schuster 1989 1435:are bottled by the nearly 20 village 1164: 254: 1804:E. McCarthy & M. Ewing-Mulligan 363:, and more recently for the popular 3156: 1808:pp. 112-120, Wiley Publishing 2001 1719:, 2005-10-03. Retrieved 2007-10-04. 702:, has flatter terrain with richer, 273:. Like most AOC wines they are not 24: 1733:Daily Telegraph, 19 December 2007. 1625:from the original on March 1, 2020 1156:styles require at least six years 881: 740:region located around the town of 25: 3683: 2012:Annual growth cycle of grapevines 1900: 1310:and resulting must begins normal 933:vineyard (roughly translated as " 780:levels are established at 3 g/L ( 536:for publishing Mauss's comments. 265:(AOC) wine generally made of the 180:(known locally as Pinot Beurot), 3634: 3622: 2991: 2699: 1931:Beaujolais Food and Wine pairing 1613:Styles, Oliver (June 20, 2005). 1419:(which owns Moulin-à-Vent-based 1394: 1363:Basic Beaujolais is the classic 995:Bottle of Côte de Brouilly wine. 206: 3043: 1760:from the original on 2016-03-03 1664:The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia 1501:dishes. According to Lyon chef 1218:Viticulture and grape varieties 714: 607:Cru Beaujolais region of Régnié 403:and winemaking was done by the 262:Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée 65:Appellation d'origine contrôlée 2757: 1736: 1722: 1699: 1086:that used to dot the hillside. 461: 411:and was ruled by the Lords of 13: 1: 2954:Glossary of viticulture terms 1688:Samuel, Henry. (2006-07-05.) 1520: 949:" (Go! And sin no more.) as " 756:) The wine may be labeled as 653:The climate of Beaujolais is 2959:Glossary of winemaking terms 1567:The Oxford Companion to Wine 1383:flavors such as bananas and 1331:body. Maximum length of the 1160:and can last up to 20 years. 826:Cru Beaujolais from Brouilly 768:is 58 hl/ha (63 hl/ha for a 760:in case the minimum natural 752:is 60 hl/ha (65 hl/ha for a 383:valley. The most noticeable 7: 1508: 1186:"Le Beaujolais Est Arrivé!" 507: 391:located on the hillside of 32:Beaujolais (disambiguation) 10: 3688: 3657:Former provinces of France 2879:Yeast assimilable nitrogen 1588:Vintage: The Story of Wine 1292: 1168: 370: 29: 3564: 3543: 3517: 3326: 3215: 3164: 3051: 2987: 2969:History of the wine press 2936: 2920: 2892: 2859:Sparkling wine production 2844: 2826: 2793: 2765: 2693: 2632: 2594: 2489: 2466: 2349: 2236: 2224: 2117: 2045: 2002: 1962: 1912:French wine vintage chart 1907:Beaujolais Wines Homepage 1806:"French Wine for Dummies" 951:Allez! Et ne pissez plus. 947:Allez! Et ne péchez plus. 327:. It is located north of 191: 157: 149: 127: 86: 78: 70: 60: 51: 42: 2964:Wine tasting descriptors 2685:Wine tasting descriptors 2614:Phenolic content in wine 2506:Alternative wine closure 2090:Great French Wine Blight 1994: 1452:Serving and food pairing 2854:Malolactic fermentation 1696:. Retrieved 2007-10-04. 1515:List of vins de primeur 1403:Wine yard in Beaujolais 1344:malolactic fermentation 1074:. In ideal vintages, a 810:Beaujolais-Villages AOC 667:Mediterranean influence 661:. The proximity of the 3672:Wine regions of France 3349:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1941:Domaine de la Merlette 1707:"The grapes of wrath." 1461: 1404: 1306: 1270:, and light to medium 1180: 996: 894: 827: 744:. The minimum natural 724: 690:based soils with some 626:Villefranche-sur-Saône 608: 500:Burgundy and into the 471: 425:French railroad system 321:Province of Beaujolais 2655:Wine and food pairing 1921:-Including Beaujolais 1459: 1425:Bouchard Père et Fils 1402: 1302: 1178: 1148:and alter the vine's 994: 892: 825: 722: 612:province is Beaujeu ( 606: 599:Climate and geography 519:, French wine critic 469: 325:wine-producing region 3091:Languedoc-Roussillon 2306:Muscat of Alexandria 1484:Beaujolais wine can 1289:Winemaking and style 758:Beaujolais Supérieur 659:temperate influences 577:Vins Georges Duboeuf 539:Rather than sue for 30:For other uses, see 2884:Yeast in winemaking 2836:Carbonic maceration 1565:J. Robinson (ed.). 1421:Château des Jacques 1295:Carbonic maceration 986:Mary Ewing-Mulligan 774:Beaujolais-Villages 361:carbonic maceration 108: / 39: 3662:Rhône (department) 2874:Traditional method 2675:Wine personalities 2379:Cabernet Sauvignon 1917:2016-03-03 at the 1712:2008-04-22 at the 1462: 1417:Maison Louis Jadot 1405: 1307: 1304:Beaujolais nouveau 1181: 1171:Beaujolais Nouveau 1165:Beaujolais nouveau 997: 927:Melon de Bourgogne 895: 828: 725: 609: 558:The New York Times 472: 436:Beaujolais nouveau 365:Beaujolais nouveau 186:Melon de Bourgogne 37: 3610: 3609: 3124: 3123: 3116:South West France 3011: 3010: 3005: 3004: 2775:Late harvest wine 2725: 2724: 2462: 2461: 2359:Alicante Bouschet 2107:Judgment of Paris 1226:style, where the 665:does impart some 663:Mediterranean Sea 582:L'Affaire Duboeuf 497:Philippe the Good 493:Philippe the Bold 417:Duchy of Burgundy 359:, for the use of 199: 198: 16:(Redirected from 3679: 3639: 3638: 3637: 3627: 3626: 3618: 3151: 3144: 3137: 3128: 3127: 3038: 3031: 3024: 3015: 3014: 2996: 2995: 2752: 2745: 2738: 2729: 2728: 2704: 2703: 2619:Proteins in wine 2286:Grüner Veltliner 2234: 2233: 1989: 1982: 1975: 1966: 1965: 1947: 1946: 1895: 1880: 1841: 1838: 1817: 1802: 1769: 1768: 1766: 1765: 1759: 1748: 1740: 1734: 1726: 1720: 1705:Walt, Vivienne: 1703: 1697: 1692:(News website.) 1686: 1675: 1660: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1610: 1599: 1584: 1578: 1563: 1283:clonal selection 1256:Gamay Beaujolais 1202: 1197:bonded warehouse 1114: 1113: 1068: 1067: 1033: 1032: 1019: 1018: 1005: 1004: 1003:Côte de Brouilly 971: 970: 961: 960: 903: 902: 851:Beaujolais Blanc 812: 811: 797: 796: 655:semi-continental 640:with nearly 100 489:Duke of Burgundy 310:Côte Chalonnaise 258: 256:[boʒɔlɛ] 253: 247: 243: 238: 237: 234: 233: 230: 227: 224: 221: 218: 215: 212: 123: 122: 120: 119: 118: 113: 109: 106: 105: 104: 101: 71:Year established 56: 40: 36: 21: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3647: 3646: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3621: 3613: 3611: 3606: 3560: 3539: 3513: 3439:North Macedonia 3322: 3211: 3160: 3158:Wine by country 3155: 3125: 3120: 3047: 3042: 3012: 3007: 3006: 3001: 2998:Wine portal 2990: 2983: 2974:History of wine 2932: 2916: 2888: 2840: 2822: 2803:Deacidification 2789: 2761: 2756: 2726: 2721: 2706:Wine portal 2698: 2689: 2628: 2590: 2495: 2485: 2458: 2345: 2326:Sauvignon blanc 2261:Cayetana blanca 2229: 2227:grape varieties 2220: 2113: 2041: 1998: 1993: 1958: 1936:Wine Region map 1919:Wayback Machine 1903: 1898: 1881: 1844: 1839: 1820: 1803: 1772: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1727: 1723: 1714:Wayback Machine 1704: 1700: 1694:Telegraph.co.uk 1687: 1678: 1661: 1638: 1628: 1626: 1611: 1602: 1585: 1581: 1564: 1527: 1523: 1511: 1454: 1397: 1297: 1291: 1220: 1200: 1173: 1167: 1111: 1110: 1065: 1064: 1030: 1029: 1016: 1015: 1009:extinct volcano 1002: 1001: 968: 967: 958: 957: 900: 899: 884: 882:Beaujolais crus 875:grape varieties 855:Beaujolais Rosé 809: 808: 794: 793: 717: 601: 510: 464: 440:Georges Duboeuf 373: 251: 245: 241: 209: 205: 158:Grapes produced 128:Soil conditions 116: 114: 110: 107: 102: 99: 97: 95: 94: 93: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3685: 3675: 3674: 3669: 3667:Saône-et-Loire 3664: 3659: 3644: 3643: 3631: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3558: 3553: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3521: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3511: 3509:United Kingdom 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3369:Czech Republic 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3161: 3154: 3153: 3146: 3139: 3131: 3122: 3121: 3119: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3041: 3040: 3033: 3026: 3018: 3009: 3008: 3003: 3002: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2930: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2898: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2864:Sugars in wine 2861: 2856: 2850: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2838: 2832: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2813:Chaptalization 2810: 2805: 2799: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2771: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2755: 2754: 2747: 2740: 2732: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2640:Classification 2636: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2626: 2624:Sugars in wine 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2600: 2598: 2596:Wine chemistry 2592: 2591: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2571:Wine dispenser 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2502: 2500: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2483: 2478: 2472: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2374:Cabernet Franc 2371: 2366: 2361: 2355: 2353: 2347: 2346: 2344: 2343: 2341:Welschriesling 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2296:Müller-Thurgau 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2242: 2240: 2231: 2222: 2221: 2219: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2187: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2099: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2063:Ancient Greece 2060: 2051: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2008: 2006: 2000: 1999: 1992: 1991: 1984: 1977: 1969: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1922: 1909: 1902: 1901:External links 1899: 1897: 1896: 1884:The Wine Bible 1842: 1818: 1770: 1735: 1721: 1698: 1676: 1636: 1600: 1579: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1510: 1507: 1486:be paired with 1453: 1450: 1396: 1393: 1319:Carbon dioxide 1290: 1287: 1219: 1216: 1208:vin de l'année 1169:Main article: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1121: 1107: 1087: 1057: 1056: 1026: 1012: 983:Master of Wine 979: 978: 964: 954: 883: 880: 879: 878: 848: 832:Cru Beaujolais 820: 819: 805: 802:sulfur dioxide 795:Beaujolais AOC 778:chaptalization 738:Bas Beaujolais 716: 713: 700:Bas Beaujolais 634:Massif Central 600: 597: 593:chaptalization 564:Herald Tribune 521:François Mauss 509: 506: 463: 460: 409:Beaujeu, Rhône 385:Roman vineyard 372: 369: 341:Saône-et-Loire 316:put together. 284:grapes though 259:) is a French 197: 196: 193: 189: 188: 164:with a little 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 129: 125: 124: 112:46.15°N 4.65°E 88: 84: 83: 80: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 62: 58: 57: 49: 48: 26: 18:Beaujolais AOC 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3684: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3642: 3632: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3569: 3567: 3565:South America 3563: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3535:United States 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518:North America 3516: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3414:Liechtenstein 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3152: 3147: 3145: 3140: 3138: 3133: 3132: 3129: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3039: 3034: 3032: 3027: 3025: 3020: 3019: 3016: 3000: 2999: 2994: 2986: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2741: 2739: 2734: 2733: 2730: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2609:Acids in wine 2607: 2605: 2604:Aroma of wine 2602: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2493: 2488: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2468:Major regions 2465: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2424:Montepulciano 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1893: 1892:1-56305-434-5 1889: 1885: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1815: 1814:0-7645-5354-2 1811: 1807: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1756: 1752: 1745: 1739: 1732: 1731: 1725: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1702: 1695: 1691: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1673: 1672:0-7566-1324-8 1669: 1665: 1662:T. Stevenson 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1597: 1596:0-671-68702-6 1593: 1589: 1583: 1576: 1575:0-19-860990-6 1572: 1568: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1525: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1466:Karen MacNeil 1458: 1449: 1447: 1446:Alain Jugenet 1443: 1438: 1437:co-operatives 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1401: 1395:Wine industry 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1329: 1325: 1324:intracellular 1320: 1316: 1313: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1236:vine training 1233: 1229: 1225: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1187: 1177: 1172: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1134:fûts de chêne 1131: 1127: 1126: 1125:Moulin-à-Vent 1122: 1119: 1115: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1096:Julius Caesar 1093: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1037:Roman soldier 1034: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1013: 1010: 1006: 999: 998: 993: 989: 987: 984: 976: 972: 965: 962: 955: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 931:Pisse Vieille 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 897: 896: 891: 887: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 849: 846: 841: 838:, the phrase 837: 833: 830: 829: 824: 817: 813: 806: 803: 798: 791: 790: 789: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 762:alcohol level 759: 755: 751: 747: 746:alcohol level 743: 739: 735: 730: 721: 712: 710: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 680: 675: 673: 668: 664: 660: 656: 651: 649: 645: 644: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 605: 596: 594: 590: 585: 583: 578: 575:In 2005, the 573: 571: 566: 565: 560: 559: 554: 553: 548: 547: 542: 537: 535: 531: 527: 522: 518: 517: 505: 503: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 477: 468: 459: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 432: 430: 429:Cyrus Redding 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 393:Mont Brouilly 390: 386: 382: 378: 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 349:Burgundy wine 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 317: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 276: 272: 268: 264: 263: 257: 249: 248: 236: 203: 194: 192:Wine produced 190: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 160: 156: 152: 148: 145: 141: 137: 133: 130: 126: 121: 92: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 66: 63: 59: 55: 50: 47: 46: 41: 33: 19: 3197:South Africa 3096:Loire Valley 3060: 2989: 2846:Fermentation 2697: 2680:Wine tasting 2301:Muscat blanc 2271:Chenin blanc 2068:Ancient Rome 1883: 1805: 1762:. Retrieved 1751:inao.gouv.fr 1750: 1738: 1729: 1724: 1716: 1701: 1693: 1663: 1627:. Retrieved 1619:Decanter.com 1618: 1587: 1582: 1566: 1483: 1464:Wine expert 1463: 1442:Kermit Lynch 1432: 1428: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1376: 1362: 1337: 1332: 1315:fermentation 1308: 1276: 1245: 1221: 1207: 1205: 1190: 1185: 1182: 1154:vin de garde 1153: 1133: 1123: 1109: 1089: 1083: 1076:vin de garde 1075: 1063: 1058: 1053:vin de garde 1052: 1028: 1023:vin de garde 1022: 1014: 1000: 980: 966: 956: 950: 946: 930: 898: 885: 870: 854: 850: 839: 831: 815: 807: 792: 773: 757: 737: 726: 715:Appellations 699: 676: 652: 641: 629: 617: 613: 610: 586: 581: 576: 574: 569: 562: 556: 550: 544: 538: 533: 526:vin de merde 525: 514: 511: 473: 444:distillation 433: 412: 388: 374: 318: 290:light-bodied 260: 201: 200: 43: 3556:New Zealand 3499:Switzerland 3444:Netherlands 3293:Philippines 3045:French wine 2949:Wine bottle 2921:Other steps 2912:Wine cellar 2869:Süssreserve 2561:Wine cellar 2551:Wine bottle 2492:accessories 2490:Packaging, 2449:Tempranillo 2078:Noah's wine 2058:Phoenicians 2004:Viticulture 1882:K. MacNeil 1586:H. Johnson 1503:Paul Bocuse 1266:, moderate 1041:St. Amateur 1031:Saint-Amour 919:raspberries 911:blueberries 770:bumper crop 754:bumper crop 648:Saint-Véran 630:Velafranche 481:Black Death 462:Gamay grape 448:oak barrels 405:Benedictine 401:viticulture 337:Rhône-Alpes 182:Pinot blanc 117:46.15; 4.65 115: / 45:Wine region 3651:Categories 3469:San Marino 3434:Montenegro 3419:Luxembourg 3273:Kazakhstan 3233:Azerbaijan 3061:Beaujolais 2828:Maceration 2818:Wine press 2808:Destemming 2759:Winemaking 2665:Wine fraud 2660:Wine fault 2645:Oenophilia 2581:Wine label 2576:Wine glass 2541:Port tongs 2439:Sangiovese 2434:Pinot noir 2394:Douce noir 2321:Rkatsiteli 2266:Chardonnay 2256:Catarratto 2230:by acreage 2204:Biodynamic 2167:Aromatized 1956:winemaking 1925:Beaujolais 1764:2022-09-10 1521:References 1433:négociants 1415:, such as 1413:négociants 1409:négociants 1389:Burgundian 1385:pear drops 1340:malic acid 1293:See also: 1279:rootstocks 1260:California 1258:grapes of 1252:Napa Gamay 1248:teinturier 1199:till 12:01 1150:metabolism 1138:wine label 969:Chiroubles 943:absolution 859:Chardonnay 776:. Maximum 742:Belleville 657:with some 476:pinot noir 389:Brulliacus 357:winemaking 296:. In some 282:Chardonnay 278:varietally 202:Beaujolais 178:Pinot gris 170:Chardonnay 166:Pinot noir 150:Total area 38:Beaujolais 3572:Argentina 3551:Australia 3288:Palestine 3076:Champagne 2780:Noble rot 2670:Winemaker 2650:Sommelier 2586:Wine rack 2566:Wine cork 2556:Wine cave 2546:Screw cap 2516:Corkscrew 2481:New World 2476:Old World 2454:Zinfandel 2429:Mourvèdre 2336:Trebbiano 2276:Colombard 2177:Noble rot 2157:Fortified 2135:Sparkling 2102:New World 1429:négociant 1375:known as 1353:stabilize 1349:mouthfeel 1146:chlorosis 1142:manganese 867:Mâconnais 863:limestone 704:sandstone 692:limestone 638:Mâconnais 552:The Times 314:Mâconnais 306:Côte d'Or 153:10,500 ha 144:sandstone 3592:Paraguay 3484:Slovenia 3479:Slovakia 3454:Portugal 3354:Bulgaria 3308:Thailand 3223:Abkhazia 3202:Tanzania 3182:Ethiopia 3101:Provence 3071:Burgundy 3066:Bordeaux 2795:Pressing 2717:Glossary 2633:Industry 2526:Jug wine 2521:Decanter 2511:Box wine 2409:Isabella 2404:Grenache 2384:Carignan 2331:Sémillon 2316:Riesling 2311:Palomino 2054:Ancient 2037:Vineyard 2032:Veraison 2017:Oenology 1915:Archived 1755:Archived 1710:Archived 1629:March 1, 1623:Archived 1509:See also 1499:bacalhau 1490:apéritif 1475:decanted 1333:cuvaison 1254:and the 1212:quaffing 1118:apricots 1091:Juliénas 939:Catholic 923:currants 915:cherries 901:Brouilly 871:communes 845:windmill 786:fructose 643:communes 570:Lyon Mag 561:and the 546:Le Monde 534:Lyon Mag 516:Lyon Mag 508:Scandals 345:Burgundy 298:vintages 91:Burgundy 3615:Portals 3602:Uruguay 3577:Bolivia 3544:Oceania 3504:Ukraine 3459:Romania 3429:Moldova 3404:Ireland 3399:Hungary 3389:Germany 3384:Georgia 3374:Denmark 3359:Croatia 3344:Belgium 3339:Austria 3334:Albania 3318:Vietnam 3278:Lebanon 3228:Armenia 3207:Tunisia 3192:Namibia 3187:Morocco 3172:Algeria 3081:Corsica 2979:Terroir 2937:Related 2785:Vintage 2767:Harvest 2712:Outline 2536:Muselet 2498:storage 2389:Cinsaut 2364:Barbera 2291:Macabeo 2251:Aligoté 2209:Organic 2199:Natural 2152:Dessert 2097:Georgia 2047:History 2027:Terroir 2022:Species 1717:CNN.com 1373:bottles 1360:-like. 1268:tannins 1264:acidity 1232:chalice 1224:gobelet 1100:peonies 1084:(chêne) 1049:peaches 1045:mission 1017:Fleurie 975:violets 816:commune 782:glucose 709:harvest 688:granite 622:Arpitan 502:granite 485:ripened 452:terroir 413:Beaujeu 371:History 302:Chablis 294:acidity 286:Aligoté 275:labeled 271:tannins 252:French: 174:Aligoté 132:Granite 100:46°09′N 87:Part of 79:Country 3641:France 3582:Brazil 3530:Mexico 3525:Canada 3494:Sweden 3474:Serbia 3464:Russia 3449:Poland 3394:Greece 3379:France 3364:Cyprus 3327:Europe 3313:Turkey 3303:Taiwan 3268:Jordan 3258:Israel 3238:Bhutan 3165:Africa 3056:Alsace 2944:Winery 2907:Solera 2531:Kvevri 2419:Merlot 2414:Malbec 2214:Kosher 2190:Other 2145:Orange 2118:Styles 2085:France 1927:-Intro 1890: 1812: 1670: 1594: 1573: 1479:boules 1470:served 1423:) and 1381:estery 1371:glass 1365:bistro 1358:Jell-O 1328:oxygen 1201: 1112:Morgon 1082:trees 1066:Chénas 1051:. The 959:Régnié 907:aromas 853:& 836:Alsace 734:Régnié 684:schist 618:Biôjœr 589:tonnes 397:Morgon 377:Romans 335:, the 136:schist 103:4°39′E 82:France 3587:Chile 3489:Spain 3424:Malta 3409:Italy 3298:Syria 3283:Nepal 3263:Japan 3248:India 3243:China 3177:Egypt 3111:Savoy 3106:Rhône 2894:Aging 2444:Syrah 2399:Gamay 2369:Bobal 2281:Glera 2246:Airén 2238:White 2194:Table 2182:Straw 2172:Fruit 2130:White 2073:China 1952:Wines 1758:(PDF) 1747:(PDF) 1312:yeast 1240:guyot 1228:spurs 1158:aging 1072:roses 766:yield 750:yield 679:soils 672:frost 614:Bôjor 541:libel 421:Rhône 381:Saône 353:Rhône 343:, in 333:Rhône 267:Gamay 244:-zhə- 162:Gamay 3629:Wine 3597:Peru 3253:Iran 3216:Asia 3086:Jura 2496:and 2225:Top 2140:Rosé 1996:Wine 1954:and 1888:ISBN 1810:ISBN 1668:ISBN 1631:2020 1592:ISBN 1571:ISBN 1497:and 1444:and 1377:pots 1369:pint 1281:and 1272:body 1104:Gaul 945:to " 935:piss 921:and 729:INAO 696:clay 686:and 677:The 530:shit 528:" (" 387:was 329:Lyon 323:, a 312:and 184:and 142:and 140:clay 74:1936 61:Type 2902:Oak 2351:Red 2162:Ice 2125:Red 1495:cod 1130:oak 1080:oak 909:of 840:cru 788:). 620:in 456:Cru 246:LAY 242:BOH 3653:: 1845:^ 1821:^ 1773:^ 1749:. 1679:^ 1639:^ 1621:. 1617:. 1603:^ 1528:^ 1481:. 1448:. 917:, 913:, 784:+ 674:. 650:. 616:/ 572:. 555:, 549:, 491:, 367:. 308:, 304:, 250:, 232:eɪ 217:oʊ 176:, 172:, 138:, 134:, 3617:: 3150:e 3143:t 3136:v 3037:e 3030:t 3023:v 2751:e 2744:t 2737:v 2494:, 1988:e 1981:t 1974:v 1894:. 1816:. 1767:. 1674:. 1633:. 1598:. 1577:. 1106:. 1039:( 977:. 628:( 524:" 235:/ 229:l 226:ˈ 223:ə 220:ʒ 214:b 211:ˌ 208:/ 204:( 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index