Beat Generation - Knowledge

3713:(pbk), edited by Arthur Winfield Knight: "... the next key point was Castro taking over Cuba. The apolitical quality of Beat's thought changed with that. It sparked quite a discussion and quite a dialogue; many people had been basic pacifists with considerable disillusion with Marxian revolutionary rhetoric. At the time of Castro's victory, it had to be rethought again. Here was a revolution that had used violence and that was a good thing. Many people abandoned the pacifist position at that time or at least began to give more thought to it. In any case, many people began to look to politics again as having possibilities. From that follows, at least on some levels, the beginning of civil rights activism, which leads through our one whole chain of events: the Movement. 70: 61: 272:. Kerouac allows that it was Huncke, a street hustler, who originally used the phrase "beat", in an earlier discussion with him. The adjective "beat" could colloquially mean "tired" or "beaten down" within the African-American community of the period and had developed out of the image "beat to his socks", but Kerouac appropriated the image and altered the meaning to include the connotations "upbeat", "beatific", and the musical association of being "on the beat", and "the Beat to keep" from the 1122: 4000:" As Ray Manzarek recalls when Morrison was studying at UCLA: 'He certainly had a substantial investment in books. They filled an entire wall of his apartment. His reading was very eclectic. It was typical of the early- to mid-sixties hipster student. And lots of Beatniks. We wanted to _be_ beatniks. But we were too young. We came a little too late, but we were worshippers of the Beat Generation. All the Beat writers filled Morrison's shelves ' (Manzarek 1999, 77)" Sheila Whiteley, 599: 52: 949:("The Day Lady Died") incorporated the emotions they felt toward jazz. They used their pieces to discuss feelings, people, and objects they associate with jazz music, as well as life experiences that reminded them of this style of music. Kaufman's pieces listed above "were intended to be freely improvisational when read with Jazz accompaniment" (Charters 327). He and other writers found inspiration in this genre and allowed it to help fuel the Beat movement. 1798:, specifically addressing the charge that the Beats destroyed "the distinction between life and literature". In the interview, he stated that "the bit about anti-intellectualism is a piece of vanity, we had the same education, went to the same school, you know there are 'Intellectuals' and there are intellectuals. Podhoretz is just out of touch with twentieth-century literature, he's writing for the eighteenth-century mind. We have a personal literature now— 3375:, Dudley Randall and Margaret G. Burroughs, eds, Broadside Press, Detroit, 1967. There is some question about how familiar Breton was with Afro-American literature: "If it is true that the late André Breton, a founder of the surrealist movement, considered Ted Joans the only Afro-American surrealist, he had not read Kaufman; at any rate, Breton had much to learn about Afro-American poetry." Bernard W. Bell, "The Debt to Black Music", 5450: 399:, won a majority of votes on the first ballot but fell short of the eventual nomination. The Associated Press reported, "Big Brown's lead startled the convention. Big, as the husky African American is called by his friends, wasn't the favorite son of any delegation, but he had one tactic that earned him votes. In a chatterbox convention, only once did he speak at length, and that was to read his poetry." 2520:"The Black Mountain school originated at the sometime Black Mountain College of Asheville, North Carolina, in the 1950s and gave rise to an anti-academic academy that was the center of attraction for many of the disaffiliated writers of the period, including many who were known in other contexts as the Beats or the Beat generation and the San Francisco school." Steven R. Serafin, Alfred Bendixen, 862:. They often approached drugs experimentally, initially being unfamiliar with their effects. Their drug use was broadly inspired by intellectual interest, and many Beat writers thought that their drug experiences enhanced creativity, insight, or productivity. The use of drugs was a key influence on many of the social events of the time that were personal to the Beat generation. 1836:

of the Beat writers altered their message drastically to acknowledge the social impulse to marginalize the self in the conflict between isolationism and absorption of self by communal instincts seeking belonging. They began to deeply engage with new themes such as the place of the white man in America and declining patriarchal institutions.

3872:"During the eighties, Ginsberg used his position as director of the writing department at Naropa, introduced his classes to the wide range of literature of the Beat Generation. Many of his students became poets and educators and are grouped under an entirely new category that has been labeled Postbeat Poets." Bill Morgan, William Morgan, 2442:, than in its manuscript (in scroll-form). Luc Sante: "In the scroll the use of the word "holy" must be 80 percent less than in the novel, and psalmodic references to the author's unique generation are down by at least two-thirds; uses of the word "beat", for that matter, clearly favor the exhausted over the beatific." 788:. During this time, LeRoi Jones branched off from the other Beat writers, including his wife, to find his identity among the African-American and Islamic communities. The change in his social setting along with awakening influenced his writing and brought about the development of many of his most notable works, like 3720:

the 50s, you see. It seemed that bleak. So our choices seemed entirely personal existential lifetime choices that there was no guarantee that we would have any audience, or anybody would listen to us; but it was a moral decision, a moral poetic decision. Then Castro changed things, then Martin Luther

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magazine, preparing a picture spread on S.F.'s Beat Generation (oh, no, not AGAIN!), hosted a party in a No. Beach house for 50 Beatniks, and by the time word got around the sour grapevine, over 250 bearded cats and kits were on hand, slopping up Mike Cowles' free booze. They're only Beat, know, when

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Although African Americans were not widely represented in the Beat Generation, the presence of some black writers in this movement did contribute to the movement's progression. While many of the Beats briefly discussed issues of race and sexuality, they spoke from their perspectives—most being white.

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When the Beats initially set out to "construct" new communities that shirked conformity and traditionalism, they invoked the symbols of the most marginalized ethnic identities of their time. As the reality set in, of racial self-identity lost within the communal constructs of their own making, most

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Kerouac was a casualty too. And there were many other casualties that most people have never heard of, but were genuine casualties. Just as, in the 60s, when Allen and I for a period there were almost publicly recommending people to take acid. When I look back on that now I realize there were many

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Ginsberg was arrested in 1949. The police attempted to stop Jack Melody (a.k.a. "little Jack") while he was driving a car in Queens with Priscella Arminger (alias, Vickie Russell or "Detroit Redhead") and Allen Ginsberg in the back seat. The car was filled with stolen items Little Jack planned to

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One of the key beliefs and practices of the Beat Generation was free love and sexual liberation, which strayed from the Christian ideals of American culture at the time. Some Beat writers were openly gay or bisexual, including two of the most prominent (Ginsberg and Burroughs). However, the first

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Allen Ginsberg commented: "His interest in techniques of surreal composition notoriously antedates mine and surpasses my practice ... I authoritatively declare Lamantia an American original, soothsayer even as Poe, genius in the language of Whitman, native companion and teacher to myself." Allen

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Ellis Amburn describes a telephone conversation with Jack Kerouac: "John Lennon subsequently contacted Kerouac, revealing that the band's name was derived from 'Beat.' 'He was sorry he hadn't come to see me when they played Queens,' Kerouac said, referring to the Beatles Shea Stadium concert in

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and the writer LeRoi Jones (Amiri Baraka) provide through their work distinctly Black perspectives on the movement. Kaufman wrote about a number of his experiences with the racist institutions of the time. Following his time in the military, he had trouble with police officers and the criminal

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fence. Jack Melody crashed while trying to flee, rolled the car and the three of them escaped on foot. Allen Ginsberg lost his glasses in the accident and left incriminating notebooks behind. He was given the option to plead insanity to avoid a jail term and was committed for 90 days to

3286:"Throughout these interviews Ginsberg returns to his high praise of William Blake and Walt Whitman. Ginsberg obviously loves Blake the visionary and Whitman the democratic sensualist, and indeed Ginsberg's literary personality can be construed as a union of these forces." Edmund White, 3447:

p. 153. "And if one considers The Legend of Dulouz, one must acknowledge the influence of Marcel Proust. Like Proust, Kerouac makes his powerful memory the source of much of his writing and again like Proust, Kerouac envisions his life's literary output as one great book." Lawlor, p.

1345:". Many of the original Beats remained active participants, notably Allen Ginsberg, who became a fixture of the anti-war movement. Notably, however, Jack Kerouac broke with Ginsberg and criticized the 1960s politically radical protest movements as an excuse to be "spiteful". 1789:. His central criticism is that the Beat's embrace of spontaneity is bound up in an anti-intellectual worship of the "primitive" that can easily turn toward mindlessness and violence. Podhoretz asserted that there was a link between the Beats and criminal delinquents. 636:

Carr turned himself in the following morning and later pleaded guilty to manslaughter. Kerouac was charged as an accessory, and Burroughs as a material witness, but neither were prosecuted. Kerouac wrote about this incident twice in his works: once in his first novel,

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to sit in the window dressed in full beard, turtleneck, and sandals, creating improvisational drawings and paintings. By 1958 tourists who came to San Francisco could take bus tours to view the North Beach Beat scene, prophetically anticipating similar tours of the

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Gary Snyder defined wild as "whose order has grown from within and is maintained by the force of consensus and custom rather than explicit legislation". "The wild is not brute savagery, but a healthy balance, a self-regulating system.". Snyder attributed wild to

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shows the influence of Surrealist poetry with its dream-like images and its random juxtaposition of dissociated images, and this influence can also be seen in more subtle ways in Ginsberg's poetry. As the legend goes, when meeting French Surrealist

2388:"The word 'beat' was primarily in use after World War II by jazz musicians and hustlers as a slang term meaning down and out, or poor and exhausted. The jazz musician Mezz Mezzrow combined it with other words, like 'dead beat' ..." Ann Charters, 2056: 293:

and the meeting of Kerouac, Ginsberg, Carr, Hal Chase and others. Kerouac attended Columbia on a football scholarship. Though the beats are usually regarded as anti-academic, many of their ideas were formed in response to professors like

2728:: "Wally Hedrick, a painter and veteran of the Korean War, approached Ginsberg in the summer of 1955 and asked him to organize a poetry reading at the Six Gallery... At first, Ginsberg refused. But once he'd written a rough draft of 1348:

There were stylistic differences between beatniks and hippies—somber colors, dark sunglasses, and goatees gave way to colorful psychedelic clothing and long hair. The Beats were known for "playing it cool" (keeping a low profile).

3645:; "There was a big article January of 1966, on page one of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, under the heading 'Beatnik Leader Wants Marijuana.' It was just before "hippie" replaced 'Beatnik.'" Ed Sanders, Larry Smith, Ingrid Swanberg, 391:, and other abstract expressionists were also frequent visitors of and collaborators with the Beats. Cultural critics have written about the transition of Beat culture in the Village into the Bohemian hippie culture of the 1960s. 1235:

and Beat Generation. This suggested that beatniks were (1) "far out of the mainstream of society" and (2) "possibly pro-Communist." Caen's term stuck and became the popular label associated with a new stereotype—the man with a

3822:"(LeRoi Jones) ... is best known as a major cultural leader, one of the African American writers who galvanized a second Black Renaissance, the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s ..." – page xi, "Preface", Komozi Woodard, 511:

whose chief protagonist is "Japhy Ryder", a character who is based on Gary Snyder. Kerouac was impressed with Snyder and they were close for several years. In the spring of 1955, they lived together in Snyder's cabin in

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read on October 7, 1955, before 100 people (including Kerouac, up from Mexico City). Lamantia read poems of his late friend John Hoffman. At his first public reading, Ginsberg performed the just finished first part of

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Gore Vidal quotes Ginsberg speaking of Kerouac: "'You know around 1968, when we were all protesting the Vietnam War, Jack wrote me that the war was just an excuse for 'you Jews to be spiteful again.'" Gore Vidal,

1113:, the interests of some Beats. "Snyder's synthesis uses Buddhist thought to encourage American social activism, relying on both the concept of impermanence and the classically American imperative toward freedom." 2375:, which was once the black's most total and despairing image of poverty, was transformed into a thing called the Beat Generation..." James Baldwin, "If Black English Isn't a Language, Then Tell Me, What is it?," 2775:

Original Draft Facsimile, Transcript & Variant Versions, Fully Annotated by Author, with Contemporaneous Correspondence, Account of First Public Reading, Legal Skirmishes, Precursor Texts & Bibliography

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subculture formed around the literary movement, although this was often viewed critically by major authors of the Beat movement. In the 1960s, elements of the expanding Beat movement were incorporated into the

2417:"Hebert Huncke picked up the word from his show business friends on the Near North Side of Chicago, and in the fall of 1945 he introduced the word to William Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg, and Jack Kerouac." 3641:, Issue #55, commented: "I've begun Tales of Beatnik Glory, Volume 3. Set in the Hippie era, it defines that delicate time when reporters no longer called us 'Beatnik,' but started to call us 'Hippie.'", 1136:

While many authors claim to be directly influenced by the Beats, the Beat Generation phenomenon itself has had an influence on American culture leading more broadly to the hippie movements of the 1960s.

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In 1960, a presidential election year, the Beats formed a political party, the "Beat Party," and held a mock nominating convention to announce a presidential candidate: the African-American street poet

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campus in New York City. Later, in the mid-1950s, the central figures, except Burroughs and Carr, ended up together in San Francisco, where they met and became friends of figures associated with the

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in media accounts. 'Being a Catholic,' he told conservative journalist William F. Buckley, Jr. in a late-sixties television appearance, 'I believe in order, tenderness, and piety,'" David Sterritt,

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Beyond style, there were changes in substance: The Beats tended to be essentially apolitical, but the hippies became actively engaged with the civil rights movement and the anti-war movement.

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at Bellevue; this became one of the main themes of Ginsberg's "Howl", which was dedicated to Solomon. Solomon later became the publishing contact who agreed to publish Burroughs' first novel,

3793:"Cyberpunk writers acknowledge their literary debt to Burroughs and Pynchon, as well as to New Wave writers from the 1960s and 1970s such as J. G. Ballard and Samuel Delany.", Jenny Wolmark, 8034: 445: 3371:. Ted Joans said, "The late André Breton the founder of surrealism said that I was the only Afro-American surrealist and welcomed me to the exclusive surrealist group in Paris", p. 102, 2470:"In this essay "Beat" includes those American poets considered avant-garde or anti-academic from c. 1955 – 1965.", Lee Hudson, "Poetics in Performance: The Beat Generation" collected in 1279:

A variety of other small businesses also sprang up exploiting (and/or satirizing) the new craze. In 1959, Fred McDarrah started a "Rent-a-Beatnik" service in New York, taking out ads in

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Bono comments approvingly on the Burroughs cut up method: "That's what the Burroughs cut up method is all about. You cut up the past to find the future." As quoted by John Geiger in

704:, who also made films. Carolyn Cassady wrote her detailed account of life with her husband Neal Cassady which also included details about her affair with Jack Kerouac. She titled it 3165:

And then, before the end of the decade, Burroughs had gone—leaving cold-war America to escape his criminalization as a homosexual and drug addict, to begin 25 years of expatriation.

128:. The central elements of Beat culture are the rejection of standard narrative values, making a spiritual quest, the exploration of American and Eastern religions, the rejection of 3780:"... it should hardly be surprising that to discover that the work of William S Burroughs had a profound impact on both punk music and cyberpunk science fiction." Larry McCaffery, 3427:(1960), Kerouac ... goes on to mention Jack London, William Saroyan, and Ernest Hemingway as early influences and mentions Thomas Wolfe as a subsequent influence." William Lawlor, 8399: 248:, was the primary bridge between these two generations. Ginsberg's work also became an integral element of early 1960s hippie culture, in which he actively participated. The 2856:, p. 87: "Although Kerouac did not introduce Eastern religion into American culture, his writings were instrumental in popularizing Buddhism among mainstream intellectuals." 4721:

Robert Creeley 1982 TV Interview with Hedwig Gorski transcript included in special Robert Creeley Issue, Journal of American Studies of Turkey (JAST), No. 27, Spring 2008.

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Spiritual liberation, sexual "revolution" or "liberation," i.e., gay liberation, somewhat catalyzing women's liberation, black liberation, and Gray Panther activism.

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and as unintellectual. This criticism was largely due to the ideological differences between American culture at the time and the Beat Generation, including their

3351:] mentor and friend, famously called Joans the 'only Afro-American surrealist' (qtd. by James Miller in _Dictionary of Literary Biography_ 16: 268)", p. 159, 1305:

While some of the original Beats embraced the beatniks, or at least found the parodies humorous (Ginsberg, for example, appreciated the parody in the comic strip

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Although Kerouac introduced the phrase "Beat Generation" in 1948 to characterize a perceived underground, anti-conformist youth movement in New York, fellow poet

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event: "And right after the Be-In all of a sudden you were no longer a beatnik, you were a hippie." Similar remarks by Sanders: an interview with Jessa Piaia in

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The Beats also spent time in the Northern Pacific Northwest including Washington and Oregon. Kerouac wrote about sojourns to Washington's North Cascades in

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However, black people added a counterbalance to this; their work supplied readers with alternative views of occurrences in the world. Beats like the poet

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in New York City in the late 1950s because of low rent and the "small town" element of the scene. Folksongs, readings and discussions often took place in

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These early books, too, are windows into the poet's efforts to find a place for his homosexual identity in the repressive pre-Stonewall United States.

917:, and studied him throughout his life. Blake was the subject of Ginsberg's self-defining auditory hallucination and revelation in 1948. Romantic poet 8056: 7843: 7003: 2308: 2040: 1609:, a Beat fan, wrote "Jack and Neal" about Kerouac and Cassady, and recorded "On the Road" (a song written by Kerouac after finishing the novel) with 8548: 8521: 7838: 2032: 5270: 516:. Most Beats were urbanites and they found Snyder almost exotic, with his rural background and wilderness experience, as well as his education in 8896: 8856: 7192: 6897: 6279: 2491:"... resistance is bound to occur in bringing into the academy such anti-academic writers as the Beats.", Nancy McCampbell Grace, Ronna Johnson, 1319:

feared that the spiritual aspect of his message had been lost and that many were using the Beat Generation as an excuse to be senselessly wild.

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The Postbeat Poets are direct descendants of the Beat Generation. Their association with or tutelage under Ginsberg at The Naropa University's

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trials that ultimately helped to liberalize publishing in the United States. The members of the Beat Generation developed a reputation as new

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in Portland, Oregon was also a locale for some of the Beat poets. Gary Snyder studied anthropology there, Philip Whalen attended Reed, and

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Nobody knows whether we were catalysts or invented something, or just the froth riding on a wave of its own. We were all three, I suppose.

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Opposition to the military-industrial machine civilization, as emphasized in the writings of Burroughs, Huncke, Ginsberg, and Kerouac.

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Allen Ginsberg comments on this in the film "The Source" (1999); Gary Snyder discusses the issue in a 1974 interview, collected in

1499: 1736:, named for Bob Kaufman and containing many references to the work of Kaufman, Jack Kerouac, Amiri Baraka, and other beat poets. 10302: 10297: 9608: 9581: 9540: 9535: 9508: 9438: 9325: 9121: 8928: 8516: 8340: 8238: 7870: 4023: 4039: 3315:"Ginsberg's intense relationship with Blake can be traced to a seemingly mystical experience he had during the summer of 1948." 9709: 9418: 9101: 9006: 8836: 8784: 8745: 8312: 8307: 8161: 8098: 8051: 8029: 7994: 7649: 7505: 5950: 3185: 3036: 1887:(1949) — a film noir, set in San Francisco, which includes one of the earliest (fictional) depictions of the Beat culture 9525: 9413: 9283: 9187: 9096: 9020: 8565: 8531: 7546: 7536: 7531: 7389: 7384: 7248: 7213: 5330: 4278: 4205: 3889: 3839: 3810: 3768: 3614: 3444: 3368: 3303: 3158: 3122: 2853: 2537: 2508: 2405: 2300: 2866: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10267: 9721: 9618: 9555: 9545: 9428: 9219: 9182: 9111: 8943: 8908: 8459: 8189: 7922: 7693: 7644: 7617: 7541: 7500: 6833: 6166: 4956: 2172: 543:, and the book undoubtedly helped to popularize Buddhism in the West and remains one of Kerouac's most widely read books. 10312: 10272: 9677: 9665: 9603: 9360: 8851: 8750: 8347: 8006: 7902: 7786: 6911: 5040: 4169:"... author WILLIAM S. BURROUGHS, 84, whose nihilistic novels have influenced U2 front man BONO ... ", Martha Pickerill, 2311:

concluded for the defendant that 'Howl' had what he called 'redeeming social content.'", p. xxxiii "After the successful

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Starer, Jacqueline. Les écrivains de la Beat Generation éditions d'écarts Dol de Bretagne France. 1SBN 978-2-919121-02-1

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p. xix " the conclusion of the obscenity trial in San Francisco against Lawrence Ferlinghetti for publishing Ginsberg's

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Discussion of biographies of Beat poets Jack Kerouac, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Bob Kaufman, and others, October 22, 1996

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wrote and released a contemporary homage to Beat Generation aesthetics entitled "Beat Generation" on the 1988 album

1292:"Beatniks" appeared in many cartoons, movies, and TV shows of the time, perhaps the most famous being the character 10058: 9697: 9643: 9628: 9530: 9365: 8841: 8794: 8789: 8691: 8618: 8318: 8083: 7612: 5815: 5713: 1986: 4451: 1360:

Among the emerging novelists of the 1960s and 1970s, a few were closely connected with Beat writers, most notably

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trial, outspoken and subversive literary magazines sprung up like wild mushrooms throughout the United States."

2259: 2120: 1370:). Though they had no direct connection, other writers considered the Beats to be a major influence, including 1298: 364:. Allen Ginsberg was a big part of the scene in the Village, as was Burroughs, who lived at 69 Bedford Street. 227: 10292: 9466: 9330: 9246: 9177: 9148: 9086: 8976: 8948: 8592: 7964: 7857: 7095: 6582: 5737: 4969: 4934: 3902: 3511: 1699: 1497:

was a fan of Jack Kerouac. The Beatles even put Beat writer William S. Burroughs on the cover of their album

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Finding aid to Beat poets and poetry collection at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.

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cites Burroughs as a major influence, and Burroughs appeared briefly in a U2 video in 1997. Post-punk band

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stressed the social-activist legacy of the Beats and created its own body of literature. Known authors are

109: 2597: 490:. It was a success and the evening led to many more readings by the now locally famous Six Gallery poets. 10161: 9962: 9897: 9682: 9633: 9448: 9350: 9273: 9155: 9051: 8876: 8861: 8799: 8434: 8389: 8196: 8078: 7932: 6293: 5842: 5587: 1334: 1057:, Ginsberg kissed his shoe and Corso cut off his tie. Other influential French poets for the Beats were 974: 231: 4188:

was shot in Kansas City, with beat author William S. Burroughs making a cameo." p. 96 David Kootnikoff,

2461:. New Brunswick, N.J. Published for the Museum of the City of New York by Rutgers University Press. 167. 334:, he indulged in self-consciously "crazy" behavior, like throwing potato salad at a college lecturer on 9912: 9794: 9586: 9456: 9288: 9268: 9256: 9066: 9056: 8738: 8643: 8256: 8246: 7773: 7768: 7758: 7753: 7275: 7056: 5943: 5017: 4112: 1908: 1264: 859: 626: 2817:"Adaptation And The Environmental Beat: Poet-Activist Gary Snyder Lands In Albuquerque | Weekly Alibi" 1744:

The Beat Generation was met with scrutiny and assigned many stereotypes. Several magazines, including

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novel does show Cassady as frankly promiscuous. Kerouac's novels feature an interracial love affair (

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was published by the Whitney Museum of American Art in accordance with an exhibition in 1995/1996.

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Countering the Counterculture: Rereading Postwar American Dissent from Jack Kerouac to Tomás Rivera

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For example, see the meaning of "cool" as explained in the Del Close, John Brant spoken word album

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Respect for land and indigenous peoples and creatures, as proclaimed by Kerouac in his slogan from

685: 2443: 9892: 9861: 8772: 8508: 8266: 7233: 6727: 6713: 6402: 6367: 6244: 5520: 5472: 4978: 4871: 3516: 2350: 2104: 1940: 1932: 1623: 1227: 987: 513: 456: 2950:"A Jack Kerouac-William S. Burroughs Collaboration: 'And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks'" 1771:, a student at Columbia with Kerouac and Ginsberg, later became a critic of the Beats. His 1958 10155: 9770: 9224: 8574: 8384: 8364: 8166: 8021: 7816: 7763: 7748: 7592: 7280: 6706: 6504: 6217: 6051: 5721: 5235: 5090: 5060: 4906: 4760: 4669: 3114: 2990: 2552:""I'm Not His Father": Lionel Trilling, Allen Ginsberg, and the Contours of Literary Modernism" 2418: 2016: 1655:

There was a resurgence of interest in the beats among bands in the 1980s. Ginsberg worked with

769: 701: 669: 361: 307: 35: 3924: 3150: 467:, Ginsberg wanted Rexroth to serve as master of ceremonies, in a sense to bridge generations. 367:

Burroughs, Ginsberg, Kerouac, and other poets frequented many bars in the area, including the

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The original members of the Beat Generation used several different drugs, including alcohol,

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According to William Lawlor: "André Breton, the founder of surrealism and Joans's [

3142: 3102: 722:. Later, female poets emerged who claimed to be strongly influenced by the Beats, including 10166: 9902: 9836: 9775: 8903: 8777: 8668: 8046: 7478: 7458: 7406: 7356: 7297: 7228: 7010: 6787: 6605: 6494: 6359: 6149: 5996: 5887: 5745: 5622: 5580: 5512: 5390: 5220: 5210: 5085: 4684:

Mania: The Story of the Outraged & Outrageous Lives that Launched a Cultural Revolution

2184: 2096: 1393: 1376: 874: 793: 418: 302:. Classmates Carr and Ginsberg discussed the need for a "New Vision" (a term borrowed from 268:

is credited with first using the word "beat". The name arose in a conversation with writer

157: 129: 79: 4965: 4952: 4939: 4930: 4779:

Women of the Beat Generation; The Writers, Artists, and Muses at the Heart of a Revolution

4506:

Women of the Beat Generation: The Writers, Artists, and Muses at the Heart of a Revolution

3716:

We had little confidence in our power to make any long-range or significant changes. That

2933:

Women of the Beat Generation: The Writers, Artists, and Muses at the Heart of a Revolution

2227:

The Beats: from Kerouac to Kesey : an illustrated journey through the Beat Generation

1641:, was interested in the Beat Generation and wrote a song called "Kerouac" as a tribute to 8: 9967: 9866: 9831: 9315: 9231: 9041: 8757: 8442: 8073: 7270: 6547: 5837: 5803: 5125: 5080: 4546: 3110: 2136: 1158:

The evolution of rhythm and blues into rock and roll as a high art form, as evidenced by

1140:

In 1982, Ginsberg published a summary of "the essential effects" of the Beat Generation:

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and cites it as a major influence on the composition of one of his most important poems.

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It was also a marker of the beginning of the Beat movement since the 1956 publication of

464: 290: 269: 211: 91: 3976: 3633:(1999) (at the 1hr 17secs point) that he observed the change immediately after the 1967 1493:. The Beatles spelled their name with an "a" partly as a Beat Generation reference, and 9972: 9841: 8555: 8543: 8261: 8251: 8228: 8211: 7607: 7351: 7346: 7218: 6972: 6552: 6182: 5560: 5528: 5405: 5360: 5300: 5240: 3083: 2949: 2579: 2571: 2196: 2128: 1978: 1883: 1307: 1066: 5005:

Beat Poetry, Broadsides and Little Magazines Digital Collection: Utah State University

4393:

Lerner, Richard and Lewis MacAdams, directors "What Ever Happened to Kerouac?" (1985).

3066:

Prothero, Stephen (1991). "On the Holy Road: The Beat Movement as Spiritual Protest".

752:

and incorporated it into his work to describe relationships with others. LeRoi Jones (

116:

in the post-World War II era. The bulk of their work was published and popularized by

10208: 10176: 10063: 9907: 9817: 9298: 8454: 7806: 7304: 7223: 7208: 6883: 6734: 6671: 6343: 6236: 6158: 6091: 6075: 6019: 5760: 5636: 5355: 5250: 5245: 5195: 5185: 4914: 4897: 4883: 4860: 4852: 4838: 4824: 4810: 4789: 4782: 4768: 4743: 4729: 4709: 4694: 4673: 4655: 4645: 4630: 4591: 4576: 4568: 4553: 4537: 4523: 4509: 4494: 4486: 4472: 4443: 4435: 4407: 4374: 4337: 4329: 4308: 4274: 4201: 4193: 4153: 4146: 4019: 3930: 3885: 3877: 3856: 3835: 3827: 3806: 3798: 3764: 3756: 3735: 3706: 3698: 3664: 3610: 3602: 3440: 3432: 3394: 3364: 3356: 3299: 3291: 3154: 3143: 3118: 3103: 3087: 3008: 2957: 2849: 2841: 2798: 2777: 2583: 2533: 2525: 2504: 2496: 2475: 2422: 2401: 2393: 2329: 2296: 2255: 2201: 1956: 1916: 1794: 1693: 1652:

recorded "The Persecution & Restoration of Dean Moriarty (On the Road)" in 1972.

1458: 1281: 812: 723: 578: 384: 357: 320: 141: 117: 2238: 1777:

article "The Know-Nothing Bohemians" was a vehement critique primarily of Kerouac's

531:, Snyder moved to Japan in 1955, in large measure to intensively practice and study 10129: 10083: 10048: 9952: 9947: 9917: 9851: 9214: 9061: 8767: 8587: 7597: 7438: 7421: 7416: 7255: 7066: 6996: 6964: 6952: 6851: 6766: 6657: 6410: 6351: 6271: 6198: 6115: 5809: 5777: 5753: 5728: 5685: 5669: 5425: 5380: 5335: 5310: 4959: 4943: 3782:

Storming the reality studio: a casebook of cyberpunk and postmodern science fiction

3681: 3642: 3075: 2563: 2064: 2048: 2024: 1807: 1768: 1598: 1589: 1548: 1438: 1293: 1089: 906: 847: 645: 396: 137: 5769: 1462: 1249: 10113: 10068: 9957: 8923: 8699: 8597: 8369: 7669: 7602: 7371: 7292: 7238: 6958: 6890: 6780: 6720: 6509: 6174: 6131: 6107: 6083: 6067: 6027: 5410: 5395: 5165: 5115: 4659: 4458: 4368: 2351:"Beat movement (American literary and social movement) – Encyclopædia Britannica" 1773: 1746: 1729: 1688: 1672: 1638: 1615: 1537: 1188: 1178: 1152: 1041: 982: 978: 966: 946: 895: 835: 818: 673: 506: 474: 470: 459:, an old friend of Rexroth, had given him an introductory letter). When asked by 452: 414: 380: 295: 133: 69: 4079: 3961:

Wills, D. "Father & Son: Allen Ginsberg and Bob Dylan," in Wills, D. (ed.),

3050:

The Type Writer Is Holy: The Complete, Uncensored History of the Beat Generation

1016: 60: 10213: 10038: 9987: 9977: 9937: 9393: 9293: 8676: 7811: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7463: 7326: 7260: 7071: 6826: 6819: 6794: 6748: 6699: 6636: 6484: 6426: 6375: 6190: 6043: 5881: 5875: 5615: 5594: 5495: 5430: 5295: 5285: 5225: 5160: 5100: 5065: 5055: 4607:. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2016. 1SBN 978-0809334865 4070: 3949:

The Beat Generation FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Angelheaded Hipsters

3874:

The Typewriter Is Holy: The Complete, Uncensored History of the Beat Generation

3024: 2206: 2178: 2088: 1868: 1649: 1540:

was also a friend of members of The Doors, at one point touring with Manzarek.

1371: 1273: 1077: 1062: 1054: 1021: 1012: 934: 889: 777: 761: 693: 689: 615: 566: 422: 376: 344: 331: 299: 265: 203: 147: 83: 4911:

The Birth of the Beat Generation: Visionaries, Rebels, and Hipsters, 1944–1960

4588:

American Scream: Allen Ginsberg's "Howl" and the Making of the Beat Generation

3079: 501:, no. 4), and its obscenity trial in 1957 brought it to nationwide attention. 10246: 10103: 10073: 10033: 10013: 9982: 9942: 9856: 8374: 7674: 7483: 7118: 6773: 6643: 6489: 6327: 5902: 5705: 5651: 5454: 5365: 5340: 5135: 5130: 5105: 4622: 4065: 3911:

THE BIRTH OF THE BEAT GENERATION: Visionaries, Rebels, and Hipsters 1944–1960

3824:

A nation within a nation: Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) and Black power politics

3020: 2961: 2190: 1892: 1850: 1799: 1722: 1610: 1556: 1478: 1446: 1423: 1268: 1085: 1045: 914: 870: 823: 781: 731: 697: 574: 478: 460: 368: 244: 5375: 5370: 1121: 796:

and America's reaction to this incident about other occurrences in America.

10053: 10043: 9871: 8681: 8653: 7708: 7046: 6980: 6678: 6479: 6418: 5959: 5912: 5897: 5858: 5552: 5190: 5180: 5170: 5145: 5140: 4464: 4427: 1803: 1718: 1705: 1684: 1642: 1634: 1593: 1552: 1521: 1513: 1490: 1450: 1442: 1408: 1316: 1260: 1167: 1093: 1027: 1008: 973:, who is addressed as the subject of one of Ginsberg's most famous poems, " 970: 945:), Bob Kaufman ("Round About Midnight," "Jazz Chick," and "O-Jazz-O"), and 938: 773: 757: 753: 715: 706: 681: 677: 630: 562: 504:

The Six Gallery reading informs the second chapter of Kerouac's 1958 novel

372: 324: 253: 235: 167: 87: 5320: 3393:, p. 442, "Philip Lamantia, Lamantia As Forerunner", HarperCollins, 2001, 2867:"Pacific Northwest Seasons: Ross Lake: Paddling in the Path of Beat Poets" 2567: 108:

movement started by a group of authors whose work explored and influenced

10088: 9876: 8958: 8489: 7826: 7728: 7468: 7331: 7087: 7076: 7061: 6918: 6650: 6519: 6499: 6474: 6469: 6123: 6011: 5917: 5892: 5847: 5601: 5536: 5415: 5305: 5120: 5095: 5070: 4982:

Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature

4691:

The Beat Generation: The tumultuous '50s movement and its impact on today

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Bob's Son: R.A.P. Ferreira in the Garden Level Cafe of the Scallops Hotel

1668: 1660: 1584: 1572: 1568: 1560: 1494: 1482: 1454: 1427: 1419: 1381: 1174: 1159: 1049: 1031: 900: 839: 744: 727: 711: 619: 570: 482: 388: 303: 207: 189: 172: 162: 152: 4953:

Photographs from the Lawrence Ferlinghetti Papers, circa 1935-circa 1990

4273:

by Norman Podhoretz, Thomas L. Jeffers, Paul Johnson. Free Press, 2007.

3248: 2838:

Emerson's contemporaries and Kerouac's crowd: a problem of self-location

2795:

Scratching the Beat Surface: Essays on New Vision from Blake to Kerouac.

2575: 2551: 718:

was less influenced by the Beats than by Allen Ginsberg's later turn to

444: 10218: 10093: 10078: 9997: 9932: 7821: 7627: 7453: 7448: 7366: 6947: 6574: 6035: 5832: 5420: 5280: 5155: 5110: 4520:

Scratching the Beat Surface: Essays on New Vision from Blake to Kerouac

3626: 2157: 2080: 1579: 1412: 1245: 1004: 918: 105: 51: 2493:

Breaking the rule of cool: interviewing and reading women beat writers

2340:

in effect marked the end of literary censorship in the United States."

1333:

During the 1960s, aspects of the Beat movement metamorphosed into the

1191:) a "second religiousness" developing within an advanced civilization. 883: 306:), to counteract what they perceived as their teachers' conservative, 9310: 9303: 7030: 6514: 6059: 5255: 5175: 3178:"Hetero- and Homo-Social Relationships in Jack Kerouac's On the Road" 1687:

named a song "Interzone" after a collection of stories by Burroughs.

1656: 1606: 1544: 1517: 1486: 1401: 1361: 1286: 1222: 1163: 1126: 1081: 1035: 855: 822:). The relationships among men in Kerouac's novels are predominately 785: 629:

in what he claimed later was self-defense. He dumped the body in the

455:'s apartment became a Friday night literary salon (Ginsberg's mentor 239: 185: 9786: 5009: 3038:

Interview 2013 by Greece Blues site Michalis Limnios BLUES @ GREECE.

2714:"Anti-Presidential Nominee Named on 5th Beat Ballot". July 21, 1960. 2112: 1532:, Manzarek also writes "I suppose if Jack Kerouac had never written 1506:

Ginsberg was a close friend of Bob Dylan and toured with him on the

1231:

on April 2, 1958, blending the name of the recent Russian satellite

10018: 7493: 7443: 5325: 5290: 4835:

The Beat Hotel: Ginsberg, Burroughs & Corso in Paris, 1957–1963

1762: 1758: 1564: 1510:

in 1975. Dylan cites Ginsberg and other Beats as major influences.

1466: 1106: 843: 719: 668:

Beat Generation women who have been published include Edie Parker;

625:

On August 13, 1944, Carr killed Kammerer with a Boy Scout knife in

536: 421:

in 1954 and moved to San Francisco in August. He fell in love with

192: 4139:

Nothing is true – everything is permitted: the life of Brion Gysin

1194:

Return to an appreciation of idiosyncrasy vs. state regimentation.

1044:

introduced Surrealist poetry to the original Beats. The poetry of

748:

justice system. Like many of the Beats, Kaufman was also a fan of

176:(1957) are among the best-known examples of Beat literature. Both 10149: 6540: 5825: 5464: 5435: 5260: 5230: 4116: 2163: 2151: 1752: 1338: 1253: 1232: 1218: 1212: 222: 125: 31: 5449: 1890:

Jack Kerouac (wrote), Robert Frank and Alfred Leslie (directed)

1826:

comments on the subject of "casualties" of the Beat Generation:

877:

a hero, and he was buried at the foot of Shelley's grave in the

784:). That is, until the assassination of the Civil Rights leader, 10171: 10028: 5928: 5350: 5044: 4404:

Great Poets Howl: A Study of Allen Ginsberg's Poetry, 1943–1955

3901:"... the name Beatles comes from 'Beat' ..." Regina Weinreich, 3795:

Aliens and others: science fiction, feminism, and postmodernism

2703:"Beat Party Nominates Anti-Presidential Choice". July 21, 1960. 1721:

references the Beat movement and Beat poetry in her 2014 song "

1664: 1418:

As there was a focus on live performance among the Beats, many

1342: 1328: 1312: 1237: 1130: 1110: 851: 606: 249: 4974: 4821:

Desolate Angel: Jack Kerouac, the Beat Generation, and America

1613:. He later collaborated with Burroughs on the theatrical work 520:

and Oriental languages. Lawrence Ferlinghetti called him "the

5200: 4802:, Santa Barbara: Bloomsbury Academic, 2005 ISBN 9781851094004 2726:

Allen Ginsberg's "Howl" and the Making of the Beat Generation

2474:, ed Esther M. Doyle, Virginia Hastings Floyd, 1977, Rodopi, 1241: 330:

Solomon was arguably more eccentric than psychotic. A fan of

121: 5000:

Biographies of Beat Generation writers, artists, & poets

4318: 2057:

Crazy Wisdom: The Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics

1173:

The spread of ecological consciousness, emphasized early by

402: 371:

at 93 MacDougal Street on the northwest corner of Bleecker,

78:

Notable writers of the Beat Generation include (from left):

5608: 5150: 4756:, Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2006. 4551:

Literary Outlaw The Life and Times of William S. Burroughs.

3599:

Screening the Beats: media culture and the Beat sensibility

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cites Kerouac as one of his biggest influences, and fellow

1125:

A section devoted to the beat generation at a bookstore in

930: 749: 569:

held multiple readings on the campus around 1955 and 1956.

335: 4605:

The Green Ghost: William Burroughs and the Ecological Mind

957:

The Beats were inspired by early American figures such as

929:

Writers of the Beat Generation were heavily influenced by

30:

For the subculture surrounding the literary movement, see

5853:

National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam

4849:

A Different Beat: Writing by Women of the Beat Generation

4642:

This Is the Beat Generation: New York–San Francisco-Paris

3373:

For Malcolm: poems on the life and the death of Malcolm X

3347: 2239:

The Beat Generation – Literature Periods & Movements.

1259:

An early example of the "beatnik stereotype" occurred in

1038:

was named "the only Afro-American Surrealist" by Breton.

772:. Mr. and Mrs. Jones were associated with several Beats ( 532: 4536:. London: Virgin Publishing Ltd., paperback, 628 pages, 3336:

was the memoir of a professional thief and drug addict."

252:

culture was practiced primarily by older members of the

4765:

Girls Who Wore Black: Women Writing the Beat Generation

1680: 1426:, for example, cites Allen Ginsberg, Amiri Baraka, and 6866:

Last Words: The Final Journals of William S. Burroughs

4560:, first printing, trade paperback edition Avon, NY, NY 985:

as having an influence on Beat poetry. The 1926 novel

937:

and the stories told through Jazz music. Writers like

313: 4469:

Beat Down to Your Soul: What Was the Beat Generation?

3926:

Subterranean Kerouac: The Hidden Life of Jack Kerouac

2318: 2252:

Beat Down to Your Soul: What was the Beat Generation?

995:

was cited as having a strong influence on Burroughs.

3027:

discuss Beats. Special Robert Creeley issue, Turkey.

2707: 2328:, New York: Avon, 1988. p. 347, trade paper edition 1007:

was still considered a vital movement in the 1950s.

577:

were students in Reed's calligraphy class taught by

289:

The origins of the Beat Generation can be traced to

2869:. pacificnwseasons.blogspot.com. September 22, 2008 2659: 2657: 2421:, "The Birth of the Beat Generation" (1995), p. 3, 1582:is named after a steam-powered dildo in Burroughs' 3423:"In 'Author's Introduction,' which is included in 2524:, 2005, Continuum International Publishing Group, 1422:poets have claimed to be influenced by the Beats. 535:. He would spend most of the next 10 years there. 7004:Words of Advice: William S. Burroughs on the Road 4305:Spontaneous Mind: Selected Interviews, 1958–1996, 4002:Too much too young: popular music, age and gender 2647:McDarrah, Fred W., and Gloria S. McDarrah. 1996. 2522:The Continuum Encyclopedia of American Literature 2438:The exuberance is much stronger in the published 2041:Words of Advice: William S. Burroughs on the Road 1555:was a member, which also included members of the 1034:translated French poetry. Second-generation Beat 649:. He wrote a collaboration novel with Burroughs, 10244: 8522:Native American recognition in the United States 4975:Jack Kerouac Papers, 1920–1977, bulk (1935–1969) 4807:Beat Generation: Glory Days in Greenwich Village 3909:, January 11, 1996; a review of Steven Watson's 3643:https://www.angelfire.com/music/squawk/eds2.html 3466:. Johns Hopkins University Press. Archived from 2911:"Reed Digital Collections : Search Results" 2696: 2667:. "The Beat Generation in the Village." 165–198. 2654: 2649:Beat Generation: Glory Days in Greenwich Village 2281: 2193:, Canadian Beat Generation poet & songwriter 1311:) others criticized the beatniks as inauthentic 981:was occasionally acknowledged, and Ginsberg saw 756:) married Beat writer, Hettie Cohen, who became 6280:Readings by Jack Kerouac on the Beat Generation 3404: 2889:"Reed Magazine: When the Beats Came Back (1/6)" 2734:, he changed his 'fucking mind,' as he put it." 2840:, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2003, 1337:, accompanied by a shift in terminology from " 622:, through whom Burroughs met Kerouac in 1944. 9802: 8919:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 7103: 6859:The Job: Interviews with William S. Burroughs 6590: 5944: 5480: 5025: 4706:Jack's Book An Oral Biography Of Jack Kerouac 4373:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 52. 2773:1986 critical edition edited by Barry Miles, 2459:Greenwich Village: Culture and Counterculture 6898:You're the Guy I Want to Share My Money With 4644:. LA: University of California Press. 2001. 2693:. "The Beat Generation in the Village." 178. 2680:. "The Beat Generation in the Village." 170. 2268: 1792:Ginsberg responded in a 1958 interview with 1151:Demystification and/or decriminalization of 768:magazine, named for the Japanese concept of 210:, and Kerouac—met in 1944 in and around the 4805:McDarrah, Fred W., and Gloria S. McDarrah. 4800:Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact 4693:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1971. 4092: 3548:Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons and Impact, 3498:Beat Culture and the New America: 1950–1965 3457: 3429:Beat culture: lifestyles, icons, and impact 3391:Deliberate Prose: Selected Essays 1952–1995 3353:Beat culture: lifestyles, icons, and impact 2746:"Sixty Years After the Six Gallery Reading" 1757:depicted members of the Beat Generation as 1267:, San Francisco) which employed the artist 9809: 9795: 7117: 7110: 7096: 6597: 6583: 5951: 5937: 5545:The Fall of America: Poems of These States 5487: 5473: 5032: 5018: 4955:(circa 345 photographs) are housed at the 4565:Beat Culture and the New America 1950–1965 4347: 1559:. In the 1970s, Burroughs was a friend of 1435:Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics 1084:. Admitted influences for Kerouac include 1080:was the subject of a book-length study by 202:The core group of Beat Generation authors— 8532:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 6630:And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks 5992:And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks 4942:(circa 28 linear feet) are housed at the 4726:Jack Kerouac and the Literary Imagination 3903:"Books: The Birth of the Beat Generation" 3647:D.A. Levy & the mimeograph revolution 3509: 3170: 2457:Beard, Rick, and Leslie Berlowitz. 1993. 2343: 1831:casualties, and responsibilities to bear. 1289:and friends out on calls to read poetry. 952: 799: 652:And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks 614:Burroughs was introduced to the group by 403:San Francisco and the Six Gallery reading 7057:William Seward Burroughs I (grandfather) 6604: 4968:(circa 1,000 linear feet) are housed at 4754:Action Writing: Jack Kerouac's Wild Form 4590:. University of California Press, 2004. 4366: 4217: 3965:(Mauling Press: Dundee, 2007), pp. 90–93 3206: 3065: 2947: 2859: 2249: 1244:reciting nonsensical poetry and playing 1187:Attention to what Kerouac called (after 1148:Liberation of the world from censorship. 1120: 1019:had direct influence on Ginsberg's poem 443: 8583:List of counties and county equivalents 4940:Lawrence Ferlinghetti Papers, 1919–2003 4013: 3946: 2948:Kakutani, Michiko (November 10, 2008). 1845:Three writers do not make a generation. 1536:, The Doors would never have existed." 1477:The Beats had a pervasive influence on 1206: 913:Ginsberg's main Romantic influence was 14: 10245: 10232:Index of youth rights–related articles 4875:. NY: Soft Skull, 2009 (third edition) 4728:, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. 4708:, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1978. 4243: 4063: 4040:"Tom Waits – The Pursuit of the Beats" 3563:New York: Paragon House, 1987, p. 281. 3140: 3100: 3047: 3013:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2549: 1322: 1099: 584: 284: 10318:Obscenity controversies in literature 9816: 9790: 7091: 6578: 5932: 5468: 5039: 5013: 4977:(22.5 linear feet) are housed at the 4924: 4682:Collins, Ronald & Skover, David. 4143:Race of the Angels: The Genesis of U2 4141:, p. 273, attributed to John Waters, 3974: 3907:The Sunday New York Times Book Review 3061: 3059: 2943: 2941: 2935:, 978-1573241380, Conari Press, 1998. 2903: 2814: 2743: 1817: 1691:featured Burroughs on her 1984 album 1530:Light My Fire: My Life with The Doors 1500:Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band 1472: 1011:introduced the work of French author 710:, and it was published in 1990. Poet 425:at the end of 1954 and began writing 279: 6834:The Adding Machine: Collected Essays 6167:The Scripture of the Golden Eternity 4957:University of California at Berkeley 4933:(1.5 linear feet) are housed at the 4093:Greg Cahill (November 24–30, 2004). 3585:"Tracing his definition of the term 3490:A Definition of the Beat Generation, 3460:"Beat Buddhism and American freedom" 2881: 2495:, 2004, Univ. Press of Mississippi, 2173:European Beat Studies Network (EBSN) 1645:and his philosophy and way of life. 998: 737: 546: 356:Beat writers and artists flocked to 351: 3207:Lundberg, John (October 16, 2011). 2744:Wills, David S. (October 7, 2015). 2472:Studies in interpretation, Volume 2 881:. Ginsberg mentions Shelley's poem 527:As documented in the conclusion of 24: 7018:William S. Burroughs: A Man Within 5494: 4948:University of California, Berkeley 4629:. Edinburgh: Beatdom Books. 2012. 4611: 3056: 2938: 2073:William S. Burroughs: A Man Within 1355: 539:is one of the primary subjects of 25: 10329: 7928:Director of National Intelligence 5678:Songs of Innocence and Experience 4993: 3975:Wills, David S. (July 28, 2007). 3629:said in an interview in the film 2129:Ferlinghetti: A Rebirth of Wonder 2009:The Last Time I Committed Suicide 1714:inspired by the Beat Generation. 1201:: "The Earth is an Indian thing." 1181:, the notion of a "Fresh Planet." 873:considered English Romantic poet 10263:20th-century American literature 8084:Government Accountability Office 5958: 5816:International Poetry Incarnation 5714:Life and Times of Allen Ginsberg 5448: 4966:Allen Ginsberg Papers, 1937–1994 4896:. NY: Carrol & Graff, 2002. 4809:Schirmer Books (September 1996) 4244:Palmer, Robert (July 14, 1982). 4064:Holden, Stephen (May 19, 1980). 4016:Soft Machine: Out-Bloody-Rageous 2815:Smith, Mike (November 7, 2013). 2036:(2001) (dramatic motion picture) 1987:Life and Times of Allen Ginsberg 1920:* (1959) Roger Corman Production 1596:is named after Burroughs' novel 921:was also cited as an influence. 714:took her own life in 1963. Poet 643:, and again in one of his last, 597: 68: 59: 50: 10203:The Teenage Liberation Handbook 6905:Spare Ass Annie and Other Tales 6686:The Last Words of Dutch Schultz 5645:Hadda Be Playing on the Jukebox 4931:Gregory Corso Papers, 1981–1990 4894:The Beats: A Literary Reference 4740:Encyclopedia of Beat Literature 4704:Gifford, Barry and Lawrence Lee 4396: 4387: 4360: 4297: 4284: 4263: 4237: 4218:Browning, Boo (July 29, 1982). 4211: 4178: 4163: 4145:(London, Fourth Estate, 1994), 4131: 4105: 4086: 4057: 4032: 4007: 3994: 3968: 3955: 3940: 3916: 3895: 3866: 3845: 3816: 3787: 3774: 3745: 3724: 3687: 3674: 3652: 3620: 3589:to the fulfillments offered by 3579: 3566: 3553: 3540: 3503: 3482: 3451: 3417: 3382: 3339: 3322: 3309: 3280: 3267: 3241: 3226: 3200: 3184:. July 23, 2009. Archived from 3145:Encyclopedia of Beat Literature 3134: 3105:Encyclopedia of Beat Literature 3094: 3041: 3030: 2975: 2925: 2830: 2808: 2787: 2763: 2737: 2724:Jonah Raskin, American Scream: 2718: 2683: 2670: 2641: 2628: 2615: 2590: 2543: 2514: 2485: 2464: 2451: 2432: 2411: 1717:More recently, American artist 1367:One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest 1015:to Ginsberg, and the poetry of 904:to Shelley's breakthrough poem 792:, in which he reflected on the 658: 439:City Lights Pocket Poets Series 10303:History of Columbia University 10298:Culture of Columbia University 10140:Age of criminal responsibility 9727:Separation of church and state 7943:National Reconnaissance Office 7886:President of the United States 7052:William S. Burroughs Jr. (son) 6827:Ali's Smile: Naked Scientology 6742:My Education: A Book of Dreams 6302:Jack Kerouac Reads On the Road 6264:Poetry for the Beat Generation 4367:Martinez, Manuel Luis (2003). 3977:"Allen Ginsberg and Bob Dylan" 3574:Howl: Original Draft Facsimile 3510:Herb Caen (February 6, 1997). 3209:"The Great Drug-Induced Poems" 3149:. Facts On File, Inc. p. 3068:The Harvard Theological Review 2382: 2365: 2243: 2232: 2219: 1853:(sometimes also attributed to 1697:and in her 1986 concert film, 1396:is considered a forefather of 1299:The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis 865: 413:Ginsberg had visited Neal and 13: 1: 5738:Allen Ginsberg Live in London 4970:Stanford University Libraries 4935:Stanford University Libraries 4481:Knight, Arthur Winfield. Ed. 4324:Knight, Arthur Winfield. Ed. 4220:"Homage to the Gurus of Beat" 3853:Said the Shotgun to the Head. 3559:Arthur and Kit Knight (ed.), 3052:. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint. 2229:, Running Press, Introduction 2212: 2002:Allen Ginsberg Live in London 1481:and popular music, including 887:at the beginning of his poem 132:, explicit portrayals of the 8089:Government Publishing Office 7557:Technological and industrial 6912:The "Priest" They Called Him 4686:(Top-Five Books, March 2013) 3753:The Science Fiction Handbook 1995:So I Married an Axe Murderer 1949:Next Stop, Greenwich Village 1739: 1622:Jazz musician/film composer 1449:, Andy Clausen, David Cope, 1072: 804: 259: 199:and spontaneous creativity. 7: 10288:Counterculture of the 1960s 10283:Counterculture of the 1950s 10278:Counterculture of the 1940s 10268:American literary movements 10162:Counterculture of the 1960s 9898:Community youth development 9561:Women's reproductive health 8527:Federally recognized tribes 8390:Public utilities commission 8294:Public Health Service Corps 8197:Code of Federal Regulations 8079:Congressional Budget Office 7933:Central Intelligence Agency 7839:Water supply and sanitation 7266:Declaration of Independence 6294:Kerouac: Kicks Joy Darkness 6287:The Jack Kerouac Collection 5843:Counterculture of the 1960s 5588:A Supermarket in California 4452:table of contents is online 4271:The Norman Podhoretz Reader 3496:(Winter 1982), revised for 3275:Scratching the Beat Surface 2689:Beard and Berlowitz. 1993. 2676:Beard and Berlowitz. 1993. 2663:Beard and Berlowitz. 1993. 2651:. New York: Schirmer Books. 2145: 1387:Even Cowgirls Get the Blues 1335:counterculture of the 1960s 975:A Supermarket in California 829: 10: 10334: 10313:North Beach, San Francisco 10273:Counterculture communities 9913:Positive youth development 8739:Red states and blue states 8644:City commission government 8639:Council–manager government 4661:Seeing the Beat Generation 4457:December 22, 2008, at the 4421: 3537:it comes to work ..." 3141:Hemmer, Kurt, ed. (2007). 3101:Hemmer, Kurt, ed. (2007). 2445:New York Times Book Review 1659:and Burroughs worked with 1326: 1276:district ten years later. 1210: 406: 29: 10227: 10197:Taking Children Seriously 10122: 10099:School-to-prison pipeline 10006: 9923:Student-centered learning 9885: 9824: 9748: 9574: 9447: 9379: 9032: 9028: 9019: 8967: 8832: 8823: 8719: 8690: 8667: 8606: 8573: 8564: 8507: 8495:Comparison of governments 8470: 8433: 8410: 8326: 8306: 8237: 8175: 8097: 8020: 7878: 7869: 7865: 7856: 7578: 7569: 7514: 7474:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 7315:drafting and ratification 7288:Articles of Confederation 7201: 7135: 7126: 7039: 6935: 6875: 6843: 6813:The Electronic Revolution 6804: 6758: 6621: 6612: 6528: 6462: 6452:One Fast Move or I'm Gone 6443: 6394: 6319: 6312: 6255: 6228: 6209: 6142: 5975: 5966: 5868: 5796: 5697: 5661: 5630:September on Jessore Road 5572: 5502: 5444: 5386:San Francisco Renaissance 5051: 4837:. NY: Grove Press, 2001. 4044:www.pennyblackmusic.co.uk 3546:William T. Lawlor (ed.), 3182:Not-So-Gentle Reader blog 3080:10.1017/S0017816000008166 2598:"Curious About Columbia?" 1964:What Happened to Kerouac? 1928:* (1960) (motion picture) 1912:* (1959) (motion picture) 1904:* (1958) (motion picture) 1839: 1543:Ginsberg was a friend of 1116: 879:Protestant Cemetery, Rome 764:, they worked to develop 760:, in 1958. Together with 655:, concerning the murder. 596: 591: 524:of the Beat Generation." 437:, started to publish the 409:San Francisco Renaissance 314:Times Square "underworld" 216:San Francisco Renaissance 10192:Subcultures of the 1950s 10182:International Youth Year 9847:Intergenerational equity 9514:Prescription drug prices 8634:Mayor–council government 8624:Coterminous municipality 8614:Consolidated city-county 8380:Agriculture commissioner 8030:House of Representatives 7938:National Security Agency 7588:Contiguous United States 6665:The Ticket That Exploded 6475:Edie Parker (first wife) 6245:Good Blonde & Others 4851:. Serpent's Tail, 1997. 4616: 4432:The Portable Beat Reader 4014:Bennett, Graham (2014). 3734:Vintage Classics, 2007. 3721:King changed things ..." 3377:Black World/Negro Digest 3019:TV interview 1982 poets 2390:The Portable Beat reader 2276:The Portable Beat Reader 1875: 1409:LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka 790:Somebody Blew Up America 686:Harriet Sohmers Zwerling 663: 499:City Lights Pocket Poets 9893:Anarchistic free school 9862:Youth-adult partnership 9599:Criticism of government 8944:Social welfare programs 8537:State-recognized tribes 7522:Outline of U.S. history 7234:Continental Association 6759:Short story collections 6728:The Place of Dead Roads 6714:Cities of the Red Night 6403:Moody Street Irregulars 5521:Kaddish and Other Poems 4979:New York Public Library 4882:(second edition, 1990) 4872:Naked Lens: Beat Cinema 4742:. Facts on File, 2006. 4670:McFarland & Company 4328:(1987), Paragon House. 4190:U2: A Musical Biography 3697:(1987), Paragon House. 3517:San Francisco Chronicle 3458:Garton-Gundling, Kyle. 3389:Ginsberg, Bill Morgan, 2550:Genter, Robert (2004). 2482:, 9789062030705, p. 59. 2295:, Penguin Books (2001) 2140:(2013) (motion picture) 2124:(2013) (motion picture) 2108:(2012) (motion picture) 2092:(2012) (motion picture) 2068:(2010) (motion picture) 2028:(2000) (motion picture) 1998:(1993) (motion picture) 1982:(1991) (motion picture) 1974:(1986) (motion picture) 1960:(1980) (motion picture) 1941:Greenwich Village Story 1936:(1960) (motion picture) 1933:Visit to a Small Planet 1528:beatniks." In his book 1524:has said "We wanted to 1400:; he also inspired the 1228:San Francisco Chronicle 1026:Rexroth, Ferlinghetti, 924: 514:Mill Valley, California 457:William Carlos Williams 206:, Ginsberg, Burroughs, 136:, experimentation with 10156:The Catcher in the Rye 9661:Environmental movement 9504:Health insurance costs 9399:Educational attainment 8924:Federal Reserve System 8882:Science and technology 8385:Insurance commissioner 7923:Intelligence Community 7618:minor outlying islands 7381:Civil rights movement 6707:Blade Runner (a movie) 6470:Jan Kerouac (daughter) 5216:Generation of the '30s 5091:British Poetry Revival 4913:. NY: Pantheon, 1998. 4880:Tales of Beatnik Glory 4781:. Conari Press, 1996. 4759:Johnson, Ronna C. and 4583:hardcover (Flammarion) 4485:(1987) Paragon House. 4355:Beat Down to Your Soul 4018:. Syzygy. p. 70. 3947:Weidman, Rich (2015). 3923:1965." Amburn, Ellis, 3235:The Essential Ginsberg 2293:Beat Down to Your Soul 2250:Charters, Ann (2001). 1873: 1860: 1833: 1785:as well as Ginsberg's 1204: 1133: 953:Early American sources 800:Culture and influences 449: 362:Washington Square Park 10187:LGBT student movement 10135:Age of consent reform 10109:Youth control complex 9487:Immigrant health care 9002:Transportation safety 8997:Transportation policy 8987:Public transportation 8057:President pro tempore 7913:Executive departments 7682:National Park Service 7337:Territorial evolution 6990:The Junky's Christmas 6559:Kerouac, Then and Now 6004:The Town and the City 5984:The Sea Is My Brother 5908:Lawrence Ferlinghetti 5266:Informationist poetry 4534:Ginsberg: A Biography 4532:Miles, Barry (2001). 3048:Morgan, Bill (2011). 2568:10.1353/lit.2004.0019 2116:(2012) (documentary) 1901:Bell, Book and Candle 1861: 1843: 1828: 1822:In a 1974 interview, 1508:Rolling Thunder Revue 1430:as major influences. 1407:One-time Beat writer 1398:postmodern literature 1177:, Jack Loeffler, and 1142: 1124: 1059:Guillaume Apollinaire 640:The Town and the City 518:cultural anthropology 448:Lawrence Ferlinghetti 447: 435:City Lights Bookstore 431:Lawrence Ferlinghetti 10293:Cultural generations 9903:Democratic education 9837:Free-range parenting 9656:Environmental issues 9321:Political ideologies 9220:Indigenous languages 8420:List of legislatures 8217:separation of powers 7918:Independent agencies 7844:World Heritage Sites 7479:September 11 attacks 7402:Spanish–American War 7342:Mexican–American War 7298:Confederation period 7229:Continental Congress 7011:Corso: The Last Beat 6606:William S. Burroughs 6495:William S. Burroughs 6360:Love Always, Carolyn 5997:William S. Burroughs 5888:William S. Burroughs 5746:Corso: The Last Beat 5623:Wichita Vortex Sutra 5513:Howl and Other Poems 5391:Scottish Renaissance 5086:Black Mountain poets 4892:Theado, Matt (ed.). 4823:. NY: DeCapo, 2003. 4752:Hrebeniak, Michael. 4738:Hemmer, Kurt (ed.). 4066:"Sounds Around Town" 3661:Palimpsest: A Memoir 3512:"Pocketful of Notes" 3470:on December 26, 2020 3255:. September 14, 2010 2625:(1988), pp. 163–165. 2305:Howl and Other Poems 2185:San Francisco Oracle 2132:(2013) (documentary) 2100:(2012) (documentary) 2097:Corso: The Last Beat 2084:(2011) (documentary) 2076:(2010) (documentary) 2060:(2008) (documentary) 2020:(1999) (documentary) 2004:(1995) (documentary) 1990:(1993) (documentary) 1966:(1986) (documentary) 1411:helped initiate the 1394:William S. Burroughs 1252:women wearing black 898:compared Ginsberg's 875:Percy Bysshe Shelley 745:Robert "Bob" Kaufman 419:San Jose, California 338:. Solomon was given 254:following generation 238:, as the driver for 158:William S. Burroughs 130:economic materialism 118:Silent Generationers 90:. All were from the 80:William S. Burroughs 34:. For the play, see 9968:Youth participation 9963:Youth organizations 9867:Youth mainstreaming 9832:Evolving capacities 9499:Health care finance 8992:Rail transportation 8758:Imperial presidency 8480:State constitutions 8425:List of legislators 8375:Auditor/Comptroller 8348:Lieutenant governor 8074:Library of Congress 7965:Diplomatic Security 7608:Indian reservations 7271:American Revolution 7047:Joan Vollmer (wife) 6622:Novels and novellas 6548:Jack Kerouac School 5838:Central Park be-ins 5804:Six Gallery reading 5331:New American Poetry 5081:Black Arts Movement 5061:Akhmatova's Orphans 4471:NY: Penguin, 2001. 4224:The Washington Post 4186:Last Night on Earth 4025:9-7-8-90-822792-0-7 3826:(1999, UNC Press), 3238:, Penguin UK, 2015. 3188:on November 6, 2013 3111:Facts On File, Inc. 2836:Bradley J. Stiles, 2137:Inside Llewyn Davis 1909:The Beat Generation 1765:-inspired beliefs. 1732:released the album 1708:produced the album 1551:, a group of which 1100:Buddhism and Daoism 963:Ralph Waldo Emerson 959:Henry David Thoreau 585:Significant figures 465:Six Gallery reading 291:Columbia University 285:Columbia University 270:John Clellon Holmes 212:Columbia University 92:previous generation 9973:Youth philanthropy 9842:Future generations 9609:affirmative action 9582:Capital punishment 9541:Poverty and health 9536:Physician shortage 9509:Health care prices 9439:Standard of living 9122:standard of living 8929:Financial position 8556:Hawaiian home land 8544:Indian reservation 8517:Tribal sovereignty 8360:Secretary of state 8229:United States Code 8145:Territorial courts 8117:Associate Justices 8002:Inspector generals 7489:War in Afghanistan 7352:Reconstruction era 7219:Stamp Act Congress 7025:Kill Your Darlings 6553:Jack Kerouac Alley 6384:Kill Your Darlings 6183:Old Angel Midnight 5786:Kill Your Darlings 5561:White Shroud Poems 5529:Reality Sandwiches 5406:Southern Agrarians 5301:Metaphysical poets 5241:Harlem Renaissance 4925:Archival resources 4847:Peabody, Richard. 4718:Gorski, Hedwig. * 4656:Chandarlapaty, Raj 4518:McClure, Michael. 4250:The New York Times 4099:North Bay Bohemian 3855:MTV, 2003, p.184, 3464:thefreelibrary.com 3379:March 1973, p. 86. 3355:, ABC-CLIO, 2005, 3273:McClure, Michael. 2954:The New York Times 2793:McClure, Michael. 2556:College Literature 2448:, August 19, 2007. 2377:The New York Times 2197:Christopher Felver 2121:Kill Your Darlings 1971:Absolute Beginners 1818:Internal criticism 1783:The Subterraneans, 1605:Singer-songwriter 1578:The musical group 1473:Rock and pop music 1134: 1067:Charles Baudelaire 816:), and group sex ( 730:in the 1970s, and 450: 280:Significant places 184:were the focus of 124:, better known as 10240: 10239: 10209:Teenage rebellion 10177:Hungry generation 10064:Helicopter parent 9908:Popular education 9818:Youth empowerment 9784: 9783: 9744: 9743: 9740: 9739: 9710:National security 9419:Income inequality 9299:Statue of Liberty 9102:income inequality 9015: 9014: 9007:Trucking industry 8819: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8746:Foreign relations 8734:Electoral College 8715: 8714: 8503: 8502: 8455:District attorney 8302: 8301: 8129:Courts of appeals 7852: 7851: 7565: 7564: 7506:COVID-19 pandemic 7459:Feminist Movement 7305:American frontier 7224:Thirteen Colonies 7085: 7084: 6884:Call Me Burroughs 6805:Essay collections 6735:The Western Lands 6672:Dead Fingers Talk 6572: 6571: 6568: 6567: 6336:The Subterraneans 6237:Atop an Underwood 6159:Mexico City Blues 6100:Desolation Angels 6092:Visions of Gerard 6076:Lonesome Traveler 6020:The Subterraneans 5995:(1945/2008; with 5926: 5925: 5462: 5461: 5455:Poetry portal 5251:Hungry generation 5246:Harvard Aesthetes 5221:Generation of '98 5211:Generation of '27 5186:The poets of Elan 4819:McNally, Dennis. 4798:Lawlor, William, 4767:. Rutgers, 2002. 4640:Campbell, James. 4522:. Penguin, 1994. 4434:. Penguin Books. 4303:Ginsberg, Allen, 4279:978-1-4165-6830-8 4206:978-0-313-36523-2 4184:"The next video, 4004:(2005, Routledge) 3951:. Backbeat Books. 3890:978-1-4165-9242-6 3840:978-0-8078-4761-9 3811:978-0-87745-447-2 3769:978-1-4051-6205-0 3730:Pynchon, Thomas. 3615:978-0-8093-2563-4 3445:978-1-85109-400-4 3425:Lonesome Traveler 3369:978-1-85109-400-4 3304:978-1-57344-195-7 3160:978-0-8160-4297-5 3124:978-0-8160-4297-5 2996:on March 28, 2012 2854:978-0-8386-3960-3 2769:Ginsberg, Allen. 2691:Greenwich Village 2678:Greenwich Village 2665:Greenwich Village 2638:(1988), pp 205–6. 2602:c250.columbia.edu 2538:978-0-8264-1777-0 2509:978-1-57806-654-4 2406:978-0-670-83885-1 2373:Beat to his socks 2336:: "The ruling on 2301:978-0-14100-151-7 2254:. Penguin Books. 2202:Silent Generation 1925:The Subterraneans 1917:A Bucket of Blood 1795:The Village Voice 1700:Home of the Brave 1694:Mister Heartbreak 1675:, among others. 1377:Gravity's Rainbow 1282:The Village Voice 999:French surrealism 991:by outlaw author 848:psychedelic drugs 813:The Subterraneans 738:African Americans 724:Janine Pommy Vega 612: 611: 579:Lloyd J. Reynolds 547:Pacific Northwest 385:Willem de Kooning 358:Greenwich Village 352:Greenwich Village 321:Bellevue Hospital 310:literary ideals. 195:, who celebrated 144:and exploration. 142:sexual liberation 138:psychedelic drugs 27:Literary movement 16:(Redirected from 10325: 10308:Literary circles 10258:1940s neologisms 10130:Age of candidacy 10084:Parental respect 10049:Fear of children 10024:Age restrictions 9953:Youth leadership 9948:Youth engagement 9918:Student activism 9852:Leaving the nest 9811: 9804: 9797: 9788: 9787: 9764: 9757: 9644:African American 9526:Health insurance 9414:Household income 9284:National symbols 9215:American English 9188:Federal holidays 9097:household income 9030: 9029: 9026: 9025: 8830: 8829: 8768:Anti-Americanism 8692:Special district 8619:Independent city 8588:County executive 8571: 8570: 8365:Attorney general 8324: 8323: 8313:Federal District 7896:Executive Office 7876: 7875: 7867: 7866: 7863: 7862: 7623:populated places 7603:federal enclaves 7598:federal district 7576: 7575: 7439:American Century 7422:Great Depression 7417:Roaring Twenties 7377:Women's suffrage 7256:Halifax Resolves 7249:Founding Fathers 7244:military history 7209:Pre-colonial era 7133: 7132: 7112: 7105: 7098: 7089: 7088: 7067:James Grauerholz 6953:Cut-up technique 6852:The Yage Letters 6658:The Soft Machine 6599: 6592: 6585: 6576: 6575: 6411:Minor Characters 6317: 6316: 6272:Blues and Haikus 6199:Book of Sketches 6116:Vanity of Duluoz 5953: 5946: 5939: 5930: 5929: 5810:Hydrogen Jukebox 5686:Deliberate Prose 5670:The Yage Letters 5489: 5482: 5475: 5466: 5465: 5453: 5452: 5366:Parnassian poets 5336:New Apocalyptics 5311:Modernist poetry 5126:Confessionalists 5116:Churchyard poets 5034: 5027: 5020: 5011: 5010: 4960:Bancroft Library 4944:Bancroft Library 4869:Sargeant, Jack. 4777:Knight, Brenda. 4563:Phillips, Lisa. 4504:Knight, Brenda. 4415: 4400: 4394: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4364: 4358: 4353:Charters (2001) 4351: 4345: 4322: 4316: 4301: 4295: 4292:Spontaneous Mind 4288: 4282: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4215: 4209: 4182: 4176: 4167: 4161: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4113:"Aztec Two-Step" 4109: 4103: 4102: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4011: 4005: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3972: 3966: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3944: 3938: 3920: 3914: 3899: 3893: 3876:, 2010, p. 245, 3870: 3864: 3851:Williams, Saul. 3849: 3843: 3820: 3814: 3791: 3785: 3778: 3772: 3755:, 2009, p. 111, 3749: 3743: 3728: 3722: 3691: 3685: 3682:How to Speak Hip 3678: 3672: 3656: 3650: 3624: 3618: 3583: 3577: 3570: 3564: 3561:The Beat Vision, 3557: 3551: 3544: 3538: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3507: 3501: 3488:Ginsberg, Allen 3486: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3455: 3449: 3421: 3415: 3408: 3402: 3386: 3380: 3343: 3337: 3326: 3320: 3313: 3307: 3290:(2004), p. 104, 3288:Arts and letters 3284: 3278: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3245: 3239: 3232:Allen Ginsberg, 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3148: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3108: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3063: 3054: 3053: 3045: 3039: 3034: 3028: 3018: 3012: 3004: 3002: 3001: 2995: 2989:. Archived from 2988: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2945: 2936: 2931:Knight, Brenda, 2929: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2907: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2863: 2857: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2812: 2806: 2791: 2785: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2741: 2735: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2687: 2681: 2674: 2668: 2661: 2652: 2645: 2639: 2632: 2626: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2594: 2588: 2587: 2547: 2541: 2518: 2512: 2489: 2483: 2468: 2462: 2455: 2449: 2436: 2430: 2415: 2409: 2386: 2380: 2379:, July 29, 1979. 2369: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2353:. britannica.com 2347: 2341: 2322: 2316: 2285: 2279: 2274:Charters (1992) 2272: 2266: 2265: 2247: 2241: 2236: 2230: 2223: 2167:Literary Journal 1871: 1858: 1769:Norman Podhoretz 1728:In 2021, rapper 1599:The Soft Machine 1590:progressive rock 1549:Merry Pranksters 1439:Brooklyn College 1294:Maynard G. Krebs 1221:" was coined by 1155:and other drugs. 1090:Ernest Hemingway 646:Vanity of Duluoz 601: 600: 589: 588: 463:To organize the 340:shock treatments 221:In the 1950s, a 110:American culture 72: 63: 54: 21: 10333: 10332: 10328: 10327: 10326: 10324: 10323: 10322: 10253:Beat Generation 10243: 10242: 10241: 10236: 10223: 10145:Beat Generation 10118: 10114:Youth exclusion 10069:Infantilization 10039:Eleutherophobia 10002: 9958:Youth-led media 9881: 9820: 9815: 9785: 9780: 9767: 9760: 9753: 9736: 9722:Opioid epidemic 9639:Native American 9619:intersex rights 9570: 9566:Life expectancy 9556:Medical deserts 9546:Race and health 9443: 9429:Personal income 9375: 9279:National anthem 9112:personal income 9077:Economic issues 9011: 8963: 8811: 8711: 8700:School district 8686: 8669:Minor divisions 8663: 8602: 8560: 8499: 8485:Statutory codes 8466: 8429: 8406: 8316: 8311: 8298: 8233: 8190:civil liberties 8171: 8162:Other tribunals 8141:District courts 8093: 8052:current members 8035:current members 8016: 7950:Law enforcement 7848: 7561: 7510: 7501:Great Recession 7372:Progressive Era 7362:Native genocide 7293:Perpetual Union 7281:Treaty of Paris 7239:United Colonies 7197: 7122: 7116: 7086: 7081: 7035: 6959:The Black Rider 6943:Beat Generation 6931: 6891:Dead City Radio 6871: 6839: 6800: 6781:Ah Pook Is Here 6754: 6721:Ghost of Chance 6617: 6608: 6603: 6573: 6564: 6536:Beat Generation 6524: 6510:Carolyn Cassady 6458: 6439: 6390: 6308: 6251: 6224: 6218:Beat Generation 6205: 6175:Scattered Poems 6138: 6132:Orpheus Emerged 6108:Satori in Paris 6068:Visions of Cody 6028:The Dharma Bums 5971: 5962: 5957: 5927: 5922: 5864: 5821:Beat Generation 5792: 5693: 5673:(1963, letters) 5657: 5568: 5504: 5498: 5493: 5463: 5458: 5447: 5440: 5411:Spasmodic poets 5396:Sicilian School 5346:New York School 5166:Dolce Stil Novo 5047: 5038: 4996: 4927: 4619: 4614: 4612:Further reading 4603:Weidner, Chad. 4586:Raskin, Jonah. 4483:The Beat Vision 4459:Wayback Machine 4424: 4419: 4418: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4381: 4365: 4361: 4352: 4348: 4326:The Beat Vision 4323: 4319: 4302: 4298: 4289: 4285: 4268: 4264: 4254: 4252: 4242: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4216: 4212: 4183: 4179: 4175:, June 2, 1997. 4168: 4164: 4136: 4132: 4122: 4120: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4091: 4087: 4062: 4058: 4048: 4046: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4026: 4012: 4008: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3973: 3969: 3960: 3956: 3945: 3941: 3921: 3917: 3900: 3896: 3871: 3867: 3850: 3846: 3821: 3817: 3792: 3788: 3784:, 1991, p. 305. 3779: 3775: 3750: 3746: 3729: 3725: 3715: 3714: 3695:The Beat Vision 3692: 3688: 3679: 3675: 3657: 3653: 3639:SQUAWK Magazine 3625: 3621: 3601:, 2004, p. 25, 3584: 3580: 3571: 3567: 3558: 3554: 3545: 3541: 3523: 3521: 3508: 3504: 3487: 3483: 3473: 3471: 3456: 3452: 3422: 3418: 3409: 3405: 3387: 3383: 3344: 3340: 3330:Literary Outlaw 3327: 3323: 3314: 3310: 3285: 3281: 3272: 3268: 3258: 3256: 3249:"Substance Use" 3247: 3246: 3242: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3213:Huffington Post 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3139: 3135: 3125: 3099: 3095: 3064: 3057: 3046: 3042: 3035: 3031: 3006: 3005: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2986: 2984:"Archived copy" 2982: 2980: 2976: 2966: 2964: 2946: 2939: 2930: 2926: 2916: 2914: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2894: 2892: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2835: 2831: 2821: 2819: 2813: 2809: 2797:Penguin, 1994. 2792: 2788: 2768: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2742: 2738: 2723: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2688: 2684: 2675: 2671: 2662: 2655: 2646: 2642: 2636:Literary Outlaw 2633: 2629: 2623:Literary Outlaw 2620: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2548: 2544: 2519: 2515: 2490: 2486: 2469: 2465: 2456: 2452: 2437: 2433: 2416: 2412: 2387: 2383: 2370: 2366: 2356: 2354: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2326:Literary Outlaw 2323: 2319: 2309:Clayton W. 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Ferreria 1689:Laurie Anderson 1616:The Black Rider 1538:Michael McClure 1475: 1358: 1356:Literary legacy 1331: 1325: 1215: 1209: 1179:Michael McClure 1119: 1102: 1075: 1042:Philip Lamantia 1001: 983:Emily Dickinson 979:Edgar Allan Poe 969:and especially 967:Herman Melville 955: 927: 896:Michael McClure 868: 832: 819:The Dharma Bums 807: 802: 794:attacks of 9/11 740: 674:Carolyn Cassady 666: 661: 598: 592:External videos 587: 553:The Dharma Bums 549: 541:The Dharma Bums 529:The Dharma Bums 507:The Dharma Bums 481:, Ginsberg and 475:Michael McClure 471:Philip Lamantia 453:Kenneth Rexroth 415:Carolyn Cassady 411: 405: 381:Jackson Pollock 354: 323:, where he met 316: 296:Lionel Trilling 287: 282: 274:Beat Generation 262: 134:human condition 104:was a literary 102:Beat Generation 98: 97: 96: 95: 75: 74: 73: 65: 64: 56: 55: 42: 37:Beat Generation 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10331: 10321: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10238: 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7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7139: 7137: 7130: 7124: 7123: 7121: articles 7115: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7092: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7079: 7074: 7072:Allen Ginsberg 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7043: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7007: 7000: 6993: 6986: 6978: 6970: 6962: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6929: 6922: 6915: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6879: 6877: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6869: 6862: 6855: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6837: 6830: 6823: 6820:The Third Mind 6816: 6808: 6806: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6798: 6795:The Third Mind 6791: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6762: 6760: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6749:The Cat Inside 6745: 6738: 6731: 6724: 6717: 6710: 6703: 6700:Port of Saints 6696: 6689: 6682: 6675: 6668: 6661: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6633: 6625: 6623: 6619: 6618: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6602: 6601: 6594: 6587: 6579: 6570: 6569: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6562: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6532: 6530: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6485:Allen Ginsberg 6482: 6477: 6472: 6466: 6464: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6434:You'll be Okay 6431: 6427:Door Wide Open 6423: 6415: 6407: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6388: 6380: 6372: 6364: 6356: 6348: 6340: 6332: 6323: 6321: 6314: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6298: 6290: 6284: 6276: 6268: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6241: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6203: 6195: 6191:Book of Haikus 6187: 6179: 6171: 6163: 6155: 6146: 6144: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6128: 6120: 6112: 6104: 6096: 6088: 6080: 6072: 6064: 6056: 6052:Book of Dreams 6048: 6044:Maggie Cassidy 6040: 6032: 6024: 6016: 6008: 6000: 5988: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5972: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5956: 5955: 5948: 5941: 5933: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5882:Louis Ginsberg 5879: 5876:Peter Orlovsky 5872: 5870: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5829: 5828: 5818: 5813: 5806: 5800: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5782: 5774: 5766: 5758: 5750: 5742: 5734: 5726: 5718: 5710: 5701: 5699: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5691: 5690:(2000, essays) 5682: 5674: 5665: 5663: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5648: 5641: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5598: 5591: 5584: 5583:" (late 1940s) 5576: 5574: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5557: 5549: 5541: 5533: 5525: 5517: 5508: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5496:Allen Ginsberg 5492: 5491: 5484: 5477: 5469: 5460: 5459: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5431:Uranian poetry 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5296:Martian poetry 5293: 5288: 5286:Language poets 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5226:Georgian poets 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5161:Della Cruscans 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5106:Cavalier poets 5103: 5101:Castalian Band 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5066:Angry Penguins 5063: 5058: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5037: 5036: 5029: 5022: 5014: 5008: 5007: 5002: 4995: 4994:External links 4992: 4991: 4990: 4985: 4972: 4963: 4950: 4937: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4921: 4907:Watson, Steven 4904: 4890: 4876: 4867: 4865:978-1852424312 4845: 4833:Miles, Barry. 4831: 4817: 4803: 4796: 4794:978-1573240611 4775: 4757: 4750: 4736: 4722: 4716: 4702: 4687: 4680: 4678:978-1476675756 4653: 4638: 4623:Beckett, Larry 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4601: 4598: 4584: 4561: 4544: 4530: 4516: 4502: 4479: 4462: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4395: 4386: 4379: 4359: 4346: 4317: 4296: 4283: 4262: 4246:"The Pop Life" 4236: 4210: 4177: 4162: 4158:978-1857022100 4130: 4104: 4095:"Mark Sandman" 4085: 4071:New York Times 4056: 4031: 4024: 4006: 3993: 3967: 3963:Beatdom Vol. 1 3954: 3939: 3915: 3894: 3865: 3844: 3815: 3786: 3773: 3744: 3723: 3686: 3673: 3651: 3619: 3578: 3565: 3552: 3539: 3502: 3481: 3450: 3416: 3403: 3381: 3338: 3321: 3308: 3279: 3266: 3240: 3225: 3199: 3169: 3159: 3133: 3123: 3093: 3074:(2): 205–222. 3055: 3040: 3029: 3025:Robert Creeley 2974: 2937: 2924: 2913:. cdm.reed.edu 2902: 2880: 2858: 2829: 2807: 2786: 2762: 2736: 2717: 2706: 2695: 2682: 2669: 2653: 2640: 2627: 2614: 2589: 2542: 2513: 2484: 2463: 2450: 2431: 2410: 2381: 2364: 2342: 2317: 2287:Ann Charters, 2280: 2267: 2260: 2242: 2231: 2217: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2207:Generation gap 2204: 2199: 2194: 2188: 2181: 2179:Literary Kicks 2176: 2169: 2161: 2154: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2141: 2133: 2125: 2117: 2113:The Beat Hotel 2109: 2101: 2093: 2085: 2077: 2069: 2061: 2053: 2045: 2037: 2033:American Saint 2029: 2021: 2013: 2005: 1999: 1991: 1983: 1975: 1967: 1961: 1953: 1945: 1937: 1929: 1921: 1913: 1905: 1897: 1888: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1869:Allen Ginsberg 1865: 1847: 1841: 1838: 1819: 1816: 1741: 1738: 1650:Aztec Two-Step 1474: 1471: 1453:, Eliot Katz, 1372:Thomas Pynchon 1357: 1354: 1327:Main article: 1324: 1321: 1274:Haight-Ashbury 1211:Main article: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1202: 1195: 1192: 1185: 1182: 1171: 1156: 1149: 1146: 1118: 1115: 1101: 1098: 1078:Gertrude Stein 1074: 1071: 1063:Arthur Rimbaud 1055:Marcel Duchamp 1013:Antonin Artaud 1003:In many ways, 1000: 997: 954: 951: 935:Billie Holiday 926: 923: 867: 864: 831: 828: 806: 803: 801: 798: 778:Allen Ginsberg 762:Diane di Prima 739: 736: 734:in the 1980s. 726:in the 1960s, 694:Bonnie Bremser 665: 662: 660: 657: 627:Riverside Park 616:David Kammerer 610: 609: 594: 593: 586: 583: 567:Allen Ginsberg 548: 545: 423:Peter Orlovsky 404: 401: 377:Minetta Tavern 353: 350: 332:Antonin Artaud 315: 312: 300:Mark Van Doren 286: 283: 281: 278: 266:Herbert Huncke 261: 258: 232:counterculture 204:Herbert Huncke 197:non-conformity 148:Allen Ginsberg 84:Allen Ginsberg 77: 76: 67: 66: 58: 57: 49: 48: 47: 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10330: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10233: 10230: 10229: 10226: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10204: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10157: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10127: 10125: 10121: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10104:Vicariousness 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10074:Intrusiveness 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10034:Control freak 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10014:Adultcentrism 10012: 10011: 10009: 10005: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9983:Youth service 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9943:Youth council 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9884: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9857:Student voice 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9823: 9819: 9812: 9807: 9805: 9800: 9798: 9793: 9792: 9789: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9768: 9763: 9759: 9756: 9752: 9751: 9747: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9711: 9708: 9704: 9701: 9700: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9658: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9651:Energy policy 9649: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9606: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9593: 9592:incarceration 9590: 9589: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9579: 9577: 9573: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9501: 9500: 9497: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9477:Prenatal care 9475: 9473: 9472:Birth control 9470: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9454: 9452: 9450: 9446: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9409:Homeownership 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9382: 9378: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9239: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9212: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9172: 9169: 9168: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9140: 9137: 9133: 9132:working class 9130: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9092:homeownership 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9079: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9018: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8966: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8872:Manufacturing 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8839: 8838: 8835: 8834: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8822: 8808: 8805: 8801: 8800:Third parties 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8786: 8783: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8765: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8752: 8749: 8748: 8747: 8744: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8731: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8721: 8718: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8695: 8693: 8689: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8672: 8670: 8666: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8605: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8576: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8563: 8557: 8554: 8550: 8547: 8546: 8545: 8542: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8510: 8506: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8469: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8453: 8449: 8446: 8445: 8444: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8432: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8417: 8415: 8413: 8409: 8401: 8398: 8397: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8354: 8351: 8350: 8349: 8346: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8337: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8314: 8309: 8305: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8240: 8236: 8230: 8227: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8204: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8191: 8188: 8187: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8174: 8168: 8167:U.S. attorney 8165: 8163: 8160: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8146: 8142: 8139: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8130: 8127: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8112:Chief Justice 8110: 8109: 8108: 8107:Supreme Court 8105: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8096: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8032: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8019: 8013: 8012:Public policy 8010: 8008: 8007:Civil service 8005: 8003: 8000: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7951: 7948: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7888: 7887: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7855: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7784: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7695: 7692: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7683: 7680: 7676: 7675:Sierra Nevada 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7652: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7613:insular zones 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7585: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7568: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7513: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7486: 7485: 7484:War on Terror 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7464:LGBT Movement 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7429: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7289: 7286: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7216: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7200: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7125: 7120: 7119:United States 7113: 7108: 7106: 7101: 7099: 7094: 7093: 7090: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7038: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7015: 7013: 7012: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6987: 6985: 6983: 6979: 6977: 6975: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6963: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6934: 6928: 6927: 6926:Tony Trischka 6923: 6921: 6920: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6909: 6907: 6906: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6895: 6893: 6892: 6888: 6886: 6885: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6863: 6861: 6860: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6824: 6822: 6821: 6817: 6815: 6814: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6803: 6797: 6796: 6792: 6790: 6789: 6788:Tornado Alley 6785: 6783: 6782: 6778: 6776: 6775: 6774:Exterminator! 6771: 6769: 6768: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6746: 6744: 6743: 6739: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6730: 6729: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6711: 6709: 6708: 6704: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6693:The Wild Boys 6690: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6611: 6607: 6600: 6595: 6593: 6588: 6586: 6581: 6580: 6577: 6561: 6560: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6542: 6539: 6538: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6505:Joyce Johnson 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6490:Gregory Corso 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6461: 6454: 6453: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6442: 6435: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6408: 6405: 6404: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6386: 6385: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6328:Pull My Daisy 6325: 6324: 6322: 6318: 6315: 6311: 6304: 6303: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6288: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6227: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6208: 6201: 6200: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6188: 6185: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6172: 6169: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6152: 6151:Pull My Daisy 6148: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6134: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6081: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6001: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5961: 5954: 5949: 5947: 5942: 5940: 5935: 5934: 5931: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5903:Gregory Corso 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5787: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5770:The Chicago 8 5767: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5756: 5755: 5754:I'm Not There 5751: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5706:Pull My Daisy 5703: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5689: 5687: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5652:Plutonian Ode 5649: 5646: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5620: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5581:Pull My Daisy 5578: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5501: 5497: 5490: 5485: 5483: 5478: 5476: 5471: 5470: 5467: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5443: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5381:Rhymers' Club 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5341:New Formalism 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5276:Jindyworobaks 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5136:Cubo-Futurism 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5035: 5030: 5028: 5023: 5021: 5016: 5015: 5012: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4989: 4986: 4983: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4920: 4919:0-375-70153-2 4916: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4902:0-7867-1099-3 4899: 4895: 4891: 4889: 4888:0-8065-1172-9 4885: 4881: 4878:Sanders, Ed. 4877: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4844: 4843:0-8021-3817-9 4840: 4836: 4832: 4830: 4829:0-306-81222-3 4826: 4822: 4818: 4816: 4815:0-8256-7160-4 4812: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4774: 4773:0-813-53064-4 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4755: 4751: 4749: 4748:0-8160-4297-7 4745: 4741: 4737: 4735: 4734:1-4039-6850-0 4731: 4727: 4724:Grace, Nancy 4723: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4714:0-312-43942-3 4711: 4707: 4703: 4700: 4699:0-684-12371-1 4696: 4692: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4666:Jefferson, NC 4663: 4662: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4650:0-520-23033-7 4647: 4643: 4639: 4636: 4635:9780956952530 4632: 4628: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4606: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4596:0-520-24015-4 4593: 4589: 4585: 4582: 4581:2-08-013613-5 4578: 4574: 4573:0-87427-098-7 4570: 4566: 4562: 4559: 4558:0-380-70882-5 4555: 4552: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4542:0-7535-0486-3 4539: 4535: 4531: 4529: 4528:0-14-023252-4 4525: 4521: 4517: 4515: 4514:1-57324-138-5 4511: 4507: 4503: 4500: 4499:0-913729-41-8 4496: 4492: 4491:0-913729-40-X 4488: 4484: 4480: 4478: 4477:0-14-100151-8 4474: 4470: 4467:(ed.) (2001) 4466: 4465:Charters, Ann 4463: 4460: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4448:0-14-015102-8 4445: 4441: 4440:0-670-83885-3 4437: 4433: 4430:(ed.) (1992) 4429: 4428:Charters, Ann 4426: 4425: 4413: 4412:3-8204-7761-6 4409: 4405: 4399: 4390: 4382: 4380:9780299192839 4376: 4372: 4371: 4363: 4356: 4350: 4343: 4342:0-913729-41-8 4339: 4335: 4334:0-913729-40-X 4331: 4327: 4321: 4314: 4313:0-06-093082-9 4310: 4306: 4300: 4293: 4287: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4269:Collected in 4266: 4251: 4247: 4240: 4225: 4221: 4214: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4198:0-313-36523-7 4195: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4174: 4173: 4166: 4159: 4155: 4152: 4151:1-85702-210-6 4148: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4089: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4067: 4060: 4049:September 12, 4045: 4041: 4035: 4027: 4021: 4017: 4010: 4003: 3997: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3964: 3958: 3950: 3943: 3936: 3935:0-312-20677-1 3932: 3928: 3927: 3919: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3898: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3882:1-4165-9242-3 3879: 3875: 3869: 3862: 3861:0-7434-7079-6 3858: 3854: 3848: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3832:0-8078-4761-5 3829: 3825: 3819: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3803:0-87745-447-7 3800: 3796: 3790: 3783: 3777: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3761:1-4051-6205-8 3758: 3754: 3748: 3741: 3740:0-09-953251-4 3737: 3733: 3732:Slow Learner. 3727: 3719: 3712: 3711:0-913729-41-8 3708: 3704: 3703:0-913729-40-X 3700: 3696: 3690: 3683: 3677: 3670: 3669:0-679-44038-0 3666: 3662: 3655: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3607:0-8093-2563-2 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3575: 3569: 3562: 3556: 3549: 3543: 3535: 3534: 3519: 3518: 3513: 3506: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3437:1-85109-400-8 3434: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3413: 3410:Miles (2001) 3407: 3400: 3399:9780060930813 3396: 3392: 3385: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3361:1-85109-400-8 3358: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3342: 3335: 3334:You Can't Win 3331: 3325: 3318: 3312: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3296:1-57344-195-3 3293: 3289: 3283: 3276: 3270: 3259:September 12, 3254: 3250: 3244: 3237: 3236: 3229: 3218:September 12, 3214: 3210: 3203: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3152: 3147: 3146: 3137: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3060: 3051: 3044: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3022: 3021:Hedwig Gorski 3016: 3010: 2992: 2985: 2978: 2967:September 12, 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2944: 2942: 2934: 2928: 2912: 2906: 2890: 2884: 2868: 2862: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2846:0-8386-3960-7 2843: 2839: 2833: 2818: 2811: 2804: 2803:0-14-023252-4 2800: 2796: 2790: 2783: 2782:0-06-092611-2 2779: 2776: 2772: 2766: 2751: 2747: 2740: 2733: 2732: 2727: 2721: 2710: 2699: 2692: 2686: 2679: 2673: 2666: 2660: 2658: 2650: 2644: 2637: 2631: 2624: 2618: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2546: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2530:0-8264-1777-9 2527: 2523: 2517: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2501:1-57806-654-9 2498: 2494: 2488: 2481: 2480:90-6203-070-X 2477: 2473: 2467: 2460: 2454: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2435: 2428: 2427:0-375-70153-2 2424: 2420: 2419:Steven Watson 2414: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2398:0-670-83885-3 2395: 2391: 2385: 2378: 2374: 2368: 2352: 2346: 2339: 2335: 2334:0-380-70882-5 2331: 2327: 2321: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2277: 2271: 2263: 2257: 2253: 2246: 2240: 2235: 2228: 2225:Evans, Mike, 2222: 2218: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2191:Leonard Cohen 2189: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2042: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2010: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1893:Pull My Daisy 1889: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1870: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1851:Gregory Corso 1846: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1754: 1749: 1748: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1724: 1723:Brooklyn Baby 1720: 1715: 1713: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1701: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1601: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1557:Grateful Dead 1554: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1479:rock and roll 1470: 1468: 1464: 1463:Lesléa Newman 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1437:and later at 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1424:Saul Williams 1421: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1309: 1303: 1302:(1959–1963). 1301: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1277: 1275: 1270: 1269:Wally Hedrick 1266: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1250:free-spirited 1247: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1220: 1214: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1132: 1128: 1123: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1086:Marcel Proust 1083: 1079: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1046:Gregory Corso 1043: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 996: 994: 990: 989: 988:You Can't Win 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 950: 948: 944: 940: 936: 933:artists like 932: 922: 920: 916: 915:William Blake 911: 910: 908: 903: 902: 897: 893: 891: 886: 885: 880: 876: 872: 871:Gregory Corso 863: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 827: 825: 821: 820: 815: 814: 797: 795: 791: 787: 783: 782:Gregory Corso 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 746: 735: 733: 732:Hedwig Gorski 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 708: 703: 699: 698:Lenore Kandel 695: 691: 690:Diane DiPrima 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 670:Joyce Johnson 656: 654: 653: 648: 647: 642: 641: 634: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 608: 604: 595: 590: 582: 580: 576: 575:Philip Whalen 572: 568: 564: 560: 558: 554: 544: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 523: 519: 515: 510: 508: 502: 500: 496: 491: 489: 484: 480: 479:Philip Whalen 476: 472: 468: 466: 462: 461:Wally Hedrick 458: 454: 446: 442: 440: 436: 433:, of the new 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 410: 400: 398: 392: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 369:San Remo Cafe 365: 363: 359: 349: 347: 346: 341: 337: 333: 328: 326: 322: 311: 309: 305: 301: 297: 292: 277: 275: 271: 267: 257: 255: 251: 247: 246: 241: 237: 233: 229: 224: 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 200: 198: 194: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 93: 89: 85: 81: 71: 62: 53: 44: 40: 38: 33: 19: 18:Beat movement 10201: 10154: 10144: 10054:Gerontocracy 10044:Ephebiphobia 9872:Youth rights 9693:Human rights 9673:Gun politics 9624:Islamophobia 9614:antisemitism 9482:Hospice care 9424:Middle class 9404:Homelessness 9381:Social class 9341:Social class 9205:Human rights 9195:Homelessness 9107:middle class 9072:Demographics 9047:Architecture 8954:Unemployment 8934:Labor unions 8682:Town meeting 8659:City council 8654:City manager 8395:State police 8257:Marine Corps 8247:Armed Forces 8222:civil rights 8202:Constitution 7774:Southwestern 7769:Southeastern 7759:Northwestern 7754:Northeastern 7719:Mid-Atlantic 7709:Great Plains 7427:World War II 7310:Constitution 7214:Colonial era 7193:2008–present 7023: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6988: 6981: 6973: 6965: 6957: 6942: 6924: 6917: 6910: 6903: 6896: 6889: 6882: 6864: 6857: 6850: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6793: 6786: 6779: 6772: 6765: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6719: 6712: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6684: 6679:Nova Express 6677: 6670: 6663: 6656: 6649: 6642: 6635: 6628: 6615:Bibliography 6557: 6535: 6480:Neal Cassady 6450: 6433: 6425: 6419:Off the Road 6417: 6409: 6401: 6382: 6374: 6366: 6358: 6350: 6342: 6334: 6326: 6300: 6292: 6286: 6278: 6270: 6262: 6243: 6235: 6216: 6197: 6189: 6181: 6173: 6165: 6157: 6154:(late 1940s) 6150: 6130: 6122: 6114: 6106: 6098: 6090: 6082: 6074: 6066: 6058: 6050: 6042: 6034: 6026: 6018: 6010: 6002: 5990: 5982: 5969:Bibliography 5960:Jack Kerouac 5913:Jack Kerouac 5898:Neal Cassady 5859:Off the Road 5857: 5820: 5808: 5784: 5776: 5768: 5761: 5752: 5744: 5736: 5729: 5720: 5712: 5704: 5684: 5681:(1970 album) 5676: 5668: 5635: 5559: 5553:Mind Breaths 5551: 5543: 5535: 5527: 5519: 5511: 5446: 5356:Objectivists 5316:The Movement 5181:Ego-Futurism 5171:Dymock poets 5146:Cyclic Poets 5141:Culteranismo 5075: 4910: 4893: 4879: 4870: 4848: 4834: 4820: 4806: 4799: 4778: 4764: 4753: 4739: 4725: 4705: 4690: 4689:Cook, Bruce 4683: 4660: 4641: 4626: 4604: 4587: 4564: 4550: 4533: 4519: 4505: 4482: 4468: 4431: 4403: 4402:Burns, Glen 4398: 4389: 4369: 4362: 4354: 4349: 4325: 4320: 4304: 4299: 4291: 4286: 4270: 4265: 4255:February 22, 4253:. 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Retrieved 2345: 2337: 2325: 2324:Ted Morgan, 2320: 2312: 2304: 2292: 2289:introduction 2288: 2283: 2275: 2270: 2251: 2245: 2234: 2226: 2221: 2183: 2171: 2164: 2156: 2135: 2127: 2119: 2111: 2103: 2095: 2087: 2079: 2071: 2063: 2055: 2049:Neal Cassady 2047: 2039: 2031: 2023: 2015: 2007: 2001: 1993: 1985: 1977: 1969: 1963: 1955: 1947: 1939: 1931: 1923: 1915: 1907: 1899: 1891: 1882: 1862: 1844: 1834: 1829: 1821: 1793: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1772: 1767: 1751: 1745: 1743: 1733: 1727: 1719:Lana Del Rey 1716: 1709: 1706:King Crimson 1698: 1692: 1685:Joy Division 1654: 1647: 1643:Jack Kerouac 1635:Mark Sandman 1632: 1627: 1624:Robert Kraft 1621: 1614: 1604: 1597: 1594:Soft Machine 1583: 1577: 1553:Neal Cassady 1542: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1522:Ray Manzarek 1514:Jim Morrison 1512: 1505: 1498: 1491:Jim Morrison 1476: 1451:Eileen Myles 1443:Anne Waldman 1432: 1417: 1406: 1392: 1385: 1375: 1365: 1359: 1351: 1347: 1332: 1317:Jack Kerouac 1306: 1304: 1297: 1291: 1285:and sending 1280: 1278: 1258: 1226: 1216: 1198: 1168:Janis Joplin 1139: 1135: 1103: 1094:Thomas Wolfe 1076: 1040: 1028:John Ashbery 1020: 1017:André Breton 1009:Carl Solomon 1002: 986: 971:Walt Whitman 956: 947:Frank O'Hara 942: 939:Jack Kerouac 928: 912: 905: 899: 888: 882: 869: 846:, and later 833: 817: 811: 808: 789: 774:Jack Kerouac 765: 758:Hettie Jones 754:Amiri Baraka 741: 716:Anne Waldman 707:Off the Road 705: 682:Joanne Kyger 678:Hettie Jones 667: 659:Participants 650: 644: 638: 635: 631:Hudson River 624: 613: 563:Reed College 561: 556: 552: 550: 540: 533:Zen Buddhism 528: 526: 505: 503: 498: 494: 492: 487: 469: 451: 426: 412: 393: 366: 355: 343: 329: 325:Carl Solomon 317: 288: 273: 263: 243: 236:Neal Cassady 220: 201: 181: 177: 171: 168:Jack Kerouac 166:(1959), and 161: 151: 146: 101: 99: 88:Jack Kerouac 43: 36: 10089:Paternalism 9877:Youth voice 9698:Immigration 9629:LGBT rights 9531:Food safety 9366:Video games 8959:Wall Street 8939:Public debt 8842:Agriculture 8778:nationalism 8490:Uniform act 8412:Legislative 8319:Territorial 8277:Coast Guard 8272:Space Force 8022:Legislative 7817:Red (South) 7807:Mississippi 7729:New England 7665:Appalachian 7635:Earthquakes 7532:Discoveries 7527:Demographic 7469:Vietnam War 7412:World War I 7407:Imperialism 7357:Indian Wars 7332:War of 1812 7077:Brion Gysin 7062:Lucien Carr 6974:Naked Lunch 6919:Seven Souls 6844:Non-fiction 6651:Naked Lunch 6520:Gary Snyder 6500:Lucien Carr 6406:(1978–1992) 6368:On The Road 6229:Other books 6012:On the Road 5918:Gary Snyder 5893:Lucien Carr 5848:Human Be-In 5662:Other works 5563:: 1980–1985 5537:Planet News 5505:collections 5416:Sung poetry 5401:Sons of Ben 5326:Neotericism 5306:Misty Poets 5271:İkinci Yeni 5121:Conceptismo 5096:Cairo poets 5071:Auden Group 4761:Nancy Grace 4627:Beat Poetry 4575:softcover. 4547:Morgan, Ted 4450:(pbk). The 3635:Human Be-In 3524:January 30, 3494:Friction, 1 2440:On the Road 2338:Naked Lunch 2105:On the Road 1979:Naked Lunch 1855:Gary Snyder 1824:Gary Snyder 1779:On the Road 1669:Kurt Cobain 1661:Sonic Youth 1585:Naked Lunch 1573:Patti Smith 1569:David Bowie 1561:Mick Jagger 1534:On the Road 1495:John Lennon 1483:the Beatles 1455:Paul Beatty 1428:Bob Kaufman 1382:Tom Robbins 1265:North Beach 1246:bongo drums 1199:On the Road 1175:Gary Snyder 1160:the Beatles 1050:Bob Kaufman 1032:Ron Padgett 943:On the Road 866:Romanticism 728:Patti Smith 712:Elise Cowen 620:Edie Parker 571:Gary Snyder 557:On the Road 483:Gary Snyder 389:Franz Kline 348:, in 1953. 308:formalistic 304:W. B. 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British 1580:Steely Dan 1415:movement. 1413:Black Arts 1263:(a bar in 1217:The term " 1207:"Beatniks" 1005:Surrealism 993:Jack Black 919:John Keats 840:benzedrine 824:homosocial 702:Ruth Weiss 407:See also: 106:subculture 10059:Grounding 9715:Terrorism 9492:Rationing 9389:Affluence 9336:Sexuality 9304:Uncle Sam 9210:Languages 9139:Education 9082:affluence 9042:Americana 8969:Transport 8867:Insurance 8857:Companies 8837:By sector 8729:Elections 8370:Treasurer 8328:Executive 8267:Air Force 8239:Uniformed 8062:President 7879:Executive 7650:Mountains 7583:Territory 7571:Geography 7395:1954–1968 7390:1896–1954 7385:1865–1896 7347:Civil War 7188:1991–2008 7183:1980–1991 7178:1964–1980 7173:1945–1964 7168:1917–1945 7163:1865–1917 7158:1849–1865 7153:1815–1849 7148:1789–1815 7143:1776–1789 7136:By period 7031:23 enigma 6966:Burroughs 6767:Interzone 6515:Alene Lee 6060:Tristessa 5878:(partner) 5688:1952–1995 5426:Symbolism 5321:Négritude 5256:Imaginism 5236:The Group 5206:Gay Saber 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7785:Longest 7764:Southern 7749:Northern 7593:counties 7547:Military 7537:Economic 7515:By topic 7494:Iraq War 7444:Cold War 7202:By event 6395:Writings 5884:(father) 5654:" (1978) 5647:" (1975) 5632:" (1971) 5625:" (1966) 5618:" (1961) 5611:" (1958) 5604:" (1956) 5597:" (1956) 5590:" (1956) 5291:Marinism 5131:Créolité 4672:, 2019. 4455:Archived 4076:ProQuest 3986:June 10, 3797:, 1994, 3663:, 1995, 3431:, 2005, 3412:Ginsberg 3113:p. 3009:cite web 2822:June 10, 2755:June 10, 2634:Morgan, 2621:Morgan, 2576:25115190 2392:, 1992, 2146:See also 2052:* (2007) 1952:* (1976) 1944:* (1961) 1866:— 1848:— 1808:Faulkner 1763:Buddhist 1673:Ministry 1639:Morphine 1565:Lou Reed 1467:Jim Cohn 1459:Sapphire 1254:leotards 1189:Spengler 1153:cannabis 1107:Buddhism 850:such as 844:morphine 830:Drug use 720:Buddhism 537:Buddhism 190:bohemian 156:(1956), 126:Beatniks 114:politics 10172:Hippies 10167:Greaser 10150:Beatnik 9755:Outline 9703:illegal 9688:Smoking 9551:Obesity 9434:Poverty 9356:Theater 9346:Society 9200:Housing 9161:Fashion 9117:poverty 9062:Cuisine 9034:Culture 9021:Society 8982:Driving 8909:Exports 8887:Tourism 8847:Banking 8825:Economy 8785:Parties 8629:Charter 8593:Sheriff 8040:Speaker 7908:Cabinet 7871:Federal 7779:Western 7744:Eastern 7739:Central 7734:Pacific 7694:Regions 7645:Islands 7128:History 6936:Related 6541:Beatnik 6376:Big Sur 6313:Related 6084:Big Sur 5976:Fiction 5826:Beatnik 5797:Related 5616:Kaddish 5595:America 5436:Zutiste 5261:Imagism 5231:Goliard 5056:Acmeism 5041:Schools 4549:(1983) 4422:Sources 4192:(2010) 4123:May 30, 4117:Discogs 3981:Beatdom 3649:(2007). 3550:p. 309. 3474:May 11, 3253:Beatdom 2750:Beatdom 2511:, p. x. 2165:Beatdom 2152:Beatnik 2089:Big Sur 1753:Playboy 1520:member 1404:genre. 1339:beatnik 1313:poseurs 1256:dance. 1233:Sputnik 1225:of the 1219:beatnik 1213:Beatnik 1022:Kaddish 890:Kaddish 884:Adonais 522:Thoreau 336:Dadaism 245:Furthur 242:'s bus 223:Beatnik 120:in the 32:Beatnik 10029:Ageism 9776:Portal 9683:Hunger 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700:; and 607:C-SPAN 375:, and 345:Junkie 276:poem. 250:hippie 228:hippie 140:, and 86:, and 39:(play) 9886:Types 9762:Index 9587:Crime 9457:Aging 9274:Names 9269:Music 9257:radio 9237:Media 9067:Dance 9057:Crime 8892:Trade 8649:Mayor 8598:Clerk 8566:Local 8308:State 7827:Yukon 7670:Rocky 7655:peaks 6982:Queer 6644:Queer 6529:Other 6444:Audio 6320:Films 6256:Audio 6210:Plays 5698:Films 5573:Poems 5201:Garip 5191:Flarf 4617:Books 4501:(pbk) 3492:from 3084:S2CID 2994:(PDF) 2987:(PDF) 2771:Howl. 2580:S2CID 2572:JSTOR 2291:, to 1876:Films 1812:Joyce 1804:Wolfe 1592:band 1518:Doors 1242:beret 770:yūgen 766:Yūgen 664:Women 122:1950s 9326:Race 9171:list 9166:Flag 8705:list 8549:list 8460:list 8400:list 8353:list 8341:list 8317:and 8262:Navy 8252:Army 8122:list 7834:Time 7714:Gulf 6997:Beat 6352:Howl 5778:Howl 5730:Beat 5609:Ignu 5602:Howl 5151:Dada 4915:ISBN 4898:ISBN 4884:ISBN 4861:ISBN 4853:ISBN 4839:ISBN 4825:ISBN 4811:ISBN 4790:ISBN 4783:ISBN 4769:ISBN 4744:ISBN 4730:ISBN 4710:ISBN 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