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to the Loire with
Toulouse as its capital. The language commonly spoken by the Vascons was Aquitanian, although its area of influence continued to decline with the increasing Romanisation of the region from the 1st century BC. The Duchy of Gascony became fragmented from the 9th century onwards, allowing the creation of the Viscounty of Bearn. The people of Béarn thus organised themselves for the first time in an entity of their own. The first reigning dynasty was the Centulle family. It was also at this time, around the 8th or 9th century, that Beneharnum was devastated by the Normans. Morlaàs then became the new capital of a nascent principality. The Centulle allowed the primitive Béarn to extend to the south and east, and several marriages led to the integration of the viscounty of Oloron around 1050 and then that of Montaner in 1085. The county of Orthez was annexed in 1194 under the Moncade dynasty, and all these territories together formed the historic Béarn, which kept its borders intact until the Revolution.
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medieval period. From the 11th to the 14th century, Béarn was tossed between the zones of influence of the Dukes of
Gascony, the Kings of Aragon, the Kings of England and the Kings of France. Béarn remained under the control of the dukes of Gascony after its division in the 9th century, and this link was already very weak in the second half of the 11th century. Vassalage was only theoretical under Gaston IV the Crusader, who took part in the first crusade and the Reconquista. He played a decisive role alongside Alfonso I of Aragon. Bearn became the ally of Aragon, breaking the last links with Gascony. This alliance was initially balanced, but the union of Aragon with Catalonia in 1137 broke this balance in favour of Aragon. Béarn became a vassal county of the Aragonese crown, which tried to create a vast ensemble on both sides of the Pyrenees.
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England, and Foix a vassal of the kings of France. The beginnings of the future
Hundred Years' War between the two kingdoms were already coming, complicating the balance within this new dynasty even more. Until Gaston II of Foix-Béarn, the position of the sovereigns of Béarn oscillated between neutrality and following the French positions (without paying tribute). The people of Bearn were reluctant to follow a policy favourable to the kings of France, they felt that they belonged to the Gascon community and saw the kingdom of France as a foreign land. It was not until
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kings of
England to demand the return of Bearn to the Gascon fold. In spite of his desire of independence, Gaston VII pays homage to the king of England in 1240. The return of Béarn to the Gascon sphere of influence is also reflected by a change of capital, Orthez (closer to Gascony) replaces Morlaàs in 1242. Gaston VII will not, in spite of everything, cease to revolt against this intrusion in the affairs of a country which previously had a very broad autonomy. He had to admit defeat after being taken prisoner at Winchester by Edward I of England in 1276.
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this title to present themselves as lords of the sovereign country of Bearn. When Fébus died without an heir, the principality reverted to the House of
Grailly. In 1434, Gaston IV married the Infanta Eleanor of Navarre and became crown prince of the kingdom of Navarre, transferring his court from Orthez to Pau in 1464.
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in 1356. Fébus also managed to ward off
English intentions for Bearn. To do this, he faced the Black Prince, who claimed Bearn as a prince of Aquitaine. After the French and English failures to obtain a tribute, the autonomous viscounty becomes a de facto sovereign principality. The viscounts gave up
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The
Vascons settled on the land between the Garonne and the Pyrenees, which the Franks had conquered from the Visigoths, and from the 6th century onwards controlled this territory; a duchy of Vasconia (then Gascony) was formed. In the 7th century, Odon had a large kingdom stretching from the Pyrenees
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Fébus' project was the culmination of the long periods of autonomy experienced by Béarn in previous eras. Now in the midst of the
Hundred Years' War, Fébus took advantage of the French rout of Crécy in 1346 to distance himself from the kingdom of France. On 25 September 1347, he declared to an envoy
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In 1213, the
Aragonese defeat at the battle of Muret led to the end of Aragonese interventions in the region. The ties of vassalage between Béarn and Aragon were gradually weakened and then broken, without any clashes, during the first half of the 13th century. This rupture was the occasion for the
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Béarn was included in the original borders given to the
Frankish kingdom by the Treaty of Verdun in 843, but the creation of a political entity of their own led to an evolution of this vassalage link. Thus, the gradual accession of Bearn to a de facto sovereignty status is the major theme of this
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Gaston VII chose to marry his second daughter, Marguerite de Béarn, to the Count of Foix, Roger-Bernard III. This marriage provoked the indissoluble union between the houses of Foix and Béarn. The new Foix-Béarn were in a delicate situation, with Béarn on the one hand a vassal of the kings of
1290:Édouard Tinchant – Politician born in Béarn, emigrated to the United States in 1862 and fought in the Civil War, elected as delegate to the 1867–1868 Louisiana constitutional convention, where he supported public rights for all, including civil and public rights for women
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The third railway line, the Pau to Canfranc line, serves the south of Béarn. It was put into service between 1883 and 1928. However, the railway line been partially closed since 1970. This is because in 1970, a bridge carrying this rail line over the
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of Philip VI that Bearn was a land that he "had from God and from no man in the world", an act considered to be a declaration of independence. Subsequently, he avoided French reprisals with the disaster of the
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Three railway lines serve Béarn. The first of these is the Toulouse to Bayonne railway, which was opened in stages between 1861 and 1867. Several rail stations are located on this line, including those of
443:. They are the result of how early Béarn grew to its traditional boundaries: some old lesser viscounties were added by marriage, and absorbed into Béarn: Oloron to the south/southwest ca. 1050,
846:. This line opened in two stages between 1884 and 1887; it was closed to passengers in 1968 and to freight in 1989. The line was officially abandoned in 1991. A branch of this line ran from
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The fifth century AD also saw the arrival of Christianity in Béarn. The rural character of Béarn meant that Christianity took longer to become established there than elsewhere in France.
1548:"PROTOCOLE D'ACCORD DU GOUVERNEMENT D'ARAGON ET DE LA RÉGION AQUITAINE SUR LA FEUILLE DE ROUTE 2012 – 2020 DE LA REPRISE DES CIRCULATIONS SUR LA LIGNE FERROVIAIRE PAU-CANFRANC-SARAGOSSE"
1113:, also known as Jean Caux or Jean-Jacques Caux – Legendary packer during several gold rushes in British Columbia, Canada, is said to have been from Béarn (among other possibilities)
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and megaliths have been found in Béarn dating to this era, suggesting that ancestor worship was an important religious activity in neolithic Béarn. Construction of
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1067:– A Bearnese French army officer of Greek origins, he distinguished himself during the Crimean War. The Bearnese football club FA Bourbaki Pau is named after him.
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1320:. In the first book of the series, upon meeting the Cardinal, it is also noted that d'Artagnan comes from Béarn. That d'Artagnan is usually referred to as a
595:. Roman influence in the region waned in the fifth century AD, and Béarn experienced multiple barbarian invasions. Béarn was successively conquered by the
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is located within Spain and is also served by the Spanish Jaca to Canfranc railway. International rail transport between Béarn and
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Béarn has a long association with aviation. The meteorological conditions of Béarn were convenient for early aviators, and the
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agreed to take steps to further the economic links between their two regions, including possibly reopening the
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François de Béarn-Bonasse – Captain of the King, lord of Saint-Dos (or Sendos) and Labastide-Villefranche
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line all the way to Canfranc Station. The two governments hope to have the line fully reopened by 2020.
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from 1908 onwards. Wilbur Wright helped set up the world's first aviation school, which opened outside
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Fortified villages were also constructed in Neolithic Béarn, and remains of these have been found near
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is located on the site of this aviation school. The French military trains its paratroopers at the
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came from Béarn; he mentions having attended his father's funeral there in the second book,
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Agriculture and metallurgy were first practiced in the region around 4,000 years ago. Many
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Béarn is bordered by the Basque provinces of Soule and Lower Navarre to the west, Gascony (
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people lived. The Benearni, from whom the name Bearn derives, were one of these people.
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Several more minor routes also serve Béarn. The Route Nationale 134 links the south of
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mountains and in the plain at their feet, in Southwestern France. Along with the three
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was thus previously possible using this route. In 2013, the regional governments of
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was destroyed by a train derailment; SNCF consequently closed the line south of the
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in the west in 1194. When Montanérès was added, five communities or parishes (
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is neither surprising nor incorrect, as Béarn forms part of Gascony.
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The region became part of the Roman Empire in the first century BC.
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and Bayonne. In Béarn, the A64 has junctions serving the towns of
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made several flights in Pont-Long, a flat marshy area north of
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Freedom Papers An Atlantic Odyssey in the Age of Emancipation
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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
670:, European designation E80) was built in 1977 and links
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from 1555 to 1572 and mother of King Henry IV of France
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party, current mayor of Pau, former government minister
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in 2015, making it the third busiest airport in the
382:(from the second half of the 13th century) and then
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71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1371:– Laruns is a typical Bearnese village and commune
435:In the eastern part of the province are two small
424:(corn) grown for seed). Pau was the birthplace of
420:, tourism and agriculture (much of which involves
866:Monument to the world's first aviation school at
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412:, the aerospace industry through the helicopter
408:Today, the mainstays of the Béarn area are the
503:(left side) and the Béarn (right side) in the
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1200:, legislator, diplomat and descendant of the
1194:Jean de Laforcade, Seigneur de La Fitte-Juson
805:. An additional section of the line, between
1597:Bourrousse de Laffore (1860), Tome 3, p. 171
666:Béarn is served by two autoroutes. The A64 (
1647:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). p. 582.
1516:
1161:– Ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610
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1214:"…one of the most important men in Béarn…"
366:. The capitals of Béarn were successively
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
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897:. During summer, it also has flights to
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591:included Bearn in the Roman province of
549:in Béarn continued into the Bronze Age.
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990:– Gaston XI of Béarn, Gaston IV of Foix
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1608:Rebecca J. Scott and Jean M. Hébrard,
1045:Claude-François Bertrand de Boucheporn
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889:(9 flights in total to Paris daily),
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1274:– French physicist who invented the
1095:– Singer of the rock band Noir Désir
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529:is built on the site of Beneharnum.
69:adding citations to reliable sources
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1204:, he was described by 19th century
1119:– Former professional tennis player
401:to the east, in addition to Spain (
24:
1089:– Former professional rugby player
1041:– Former professional rugby player
903:Ajaccio Napoleon Bonaparte Airport
854:. This branch is also now closed.
838:A fourth railway line once linked
713:. It serves the Béarnese towns of
25:
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1534:Le Béarn aux temps préhistoriques
1477:Bidot-Germa, Grosclaude, Duchon,
1464:Bidot-Germa, Grosclaude, Duchon,
1019:– Marshal of France (1763–1844),
705:, European designation E7) links
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1613:, Harvard University Press, 2014
1494:. 2 January 2009. Archived from
813:, was reopened by SNCF in 2016.
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1627:Bearn in the History of Navarre
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1532:Laborde, Jean Baptiste (1943).
56:needs additional citations for
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1443:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
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1254:Jean-Baptiste Peyras-Loustalet
1222:– Professional football player
1101:– Professional football player
994:Margaret, Viscountess of Béarn
952:, which has been located near
744:. Several mountain roads link
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576:, Béarn was a part of ancient
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2184:Culture of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
1418:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
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1107:– Professional tennis player
927:Biarritz Pays Basque Airport
907:Naples International Airport
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517:The name Béarn derives from
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355:, as well as small parts of
327:) is one of the traditional
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2057:Foreign territories in 1789
1916:Minor provinces and regions
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1256:– Professional rugby player
1250:– Professional rugby player
1061:– Professional Rugby player
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525:by 840. The modern town of
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2179:Former provinces of France
1008:Mary, Viscountess of Béarn
913:. 634,000 passengers used
911:Bari Karol Wojtyła Airport
895:Marseille Provence Airport
891:Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport
803:Gare d'Oloron-Sainte-Marie
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1579:François de Béarn-Bonasse
950:School of Airborne Troops
923:Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport
883:Charles de Gaulle Airport
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1310:series, the protagonist
1135:Jean de Forcade de Biaix
1131:– Famous slalom canoeist
1017:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
921:région of France, after
899:Bastia – Poretta Airport
881:, has direct flights to
817:Canfranc Railway Station
635:A sovereign principality
30:Not to be confused with
1644:Encyclopædia Britannica
1202:noble family of Forcade
1143:noble family of Forcade
1031:(where he was known as
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703:l'autoroute de Gascogne
661:
359:, it forms the current
353:Principality of Bidache
1154:Frederick I of Prussia
1152:and confidant of King
1141:and descendant of the
1065:Charles Denis Bourbaki
1039:Philippe Bernat-Salles
983:Alexander Gordon Bearn
893:(3 flights daily) and
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668:l'autoroute pyrénéenne
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32:Béarn (disambiguation)
2074:Menton and Roquebrune
1584:15 March 2021 at the
1232:Jeanne III of Navarre
1210:Bourrousse de Laffore
1167:– Noted tenor of the
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501:French Basque Country
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1823:Lorraine and Barrois
1690:Historical provinces
1375:Pau Pyrénées Airport
1307:The Three Musketeers
1083:– French sociologist
1055:in Béarn (1785–1790)
946:Pau Pyrénées Airport
915:Pau Pyrénées Airport
875:Pau Pyrénées Airport
868:Pau Pyrénées Airport
833:Pau-Canfranc railway
505:Pyrénées-Atlantiques
481:Pyrénées-Atlantiques
453:Villenave-près-Béarn
416:engine manufacturer
361:Pyrénées-Atlantiques
65:improve this article
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1390:House of Bernadotte
1380:Viscountcy of Béarn
1248:Robert Paparemborde
1234:– Queen regnant of
1188:Alexandra Lacrabère
1035:) from 1818 to 1844
976:Democratic Movement
968:– Former politician
807:Oloron-Sainte-Marie
432:petroleum company.
329:provinces of France
2150:43.3000°N 0.3667°W
1385:Viscounts of Béarn
1317:Twenty Years After
1220:Jean-Michel Larqué
1159:Henry IV of France
1150:Lieutenant General
919:Nouvelle-Aquitaine
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840:Puyoô rail station
650:Battle of Poitiers
580:, where the proto-
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410:petroleum industry
27:Province in France
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1517:Pliny the Elder.
1498:on 2 January 2009
1479:Histoire de Béarn
1466:Histoire de Béarn
1446:. Merriam-Webster
1364:Jambon de Bayonne
1190:– Handball player
1125:– Slalom canoeist
1123:Patrice Estanguet
960:People from Béarn
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1242:Xavier Navarrot
1165:Pierre Jélyotte
1093:Bertrand Cantat
1087:Nicolas Brusque
1081:Pierre Bourdieu
1010:(d. after 1187)
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1103:
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1073:– Migrant to
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1053:Ancien Régime
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439:belonging to
438:
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426:Elf Aquitaine
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370:(until 841),
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345:Lower Navarre
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339:provinces of
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81:
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76:Find sources:
70:
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60:
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54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2131:
1737:
1642:
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1603:
1592:
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1555:the original
1542:
1533:
1527:
1518:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:the original
1492:"L'histoire"
1486:
1478:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1441:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1413:
1404:
1315:
1305:
1299:
1287:– Politician
1260:Alejo Peyret
1213:
1209:
1099:Julien Cardy
956:since 1946.
931:
887:Orly Airport
873:
852:Saint-Palais
837:
815:
795:
759:Coarraze-Nay
755:
748:with Spain.
731:
702:
700:
667:
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629:
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621:
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609:Carolingians
605:Merovingians
586:
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324:
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185:Coat of arms
158:
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127:
121:January 2023
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
2153: /
2112: [
2099:Sarrewerden
2079:Montbéliard
1748:Bourbonnais
1206:genealogist
1169:Paris Opera
842:to that of
799:Gave d'Aspe
742:Aspe Valley
618:Middle Ages
572:During the
2168:Categories
2138:43°18′00″N
2043:Vermandois
1933:Beaujolais
1883:Roussillon
1396:References
1312:d'Artagnan
1023:, King of
848:Autevielle
787:Intercités
642:Gaston III
589:Diocletian
533:Prehistory
519:Beneharnum
508:department
445:Montanérès
430:Total S.A.
414:turboshaft
368:Beneharnum
364:department
91:newspapers
2141:0°22′00″W
2094:Salm-Salm
1968:Couserans
1963:Comminges
1953:Cambrésis
1888:Saintonge
1858:Orléanais
1848:Nivernais
1813:Languedoc
1763:Champagne
1713:Angoumois
1564:24 August
1502:9 January
1276:lead acid
1178:St. Louis
1075:Argentina
1049:intendant
944:in 1908.
829:Aquitaine
701:The A65 (
696:Soumoulou
657:Transport
601:Visigoths
578:Aquitania
568:Antiquity
558:Bougarber
492:Etymology
457:Escaunets
418:Turbomeca
321:Benearnia
225:Time zone
2084:Mulhouse
2064:Créhange
2048:Vivarais
2033:Valromey
2023:Rouergue
2013:Ponthieu
2008:Périgord
2003:Nébouzan
1988:Gévaudan
1983:Gâtinais
1958:Cévennes
1928:Armagnac
1893:Touraine
1878:Provence
1853:Normandy
1828:Lyonnais
1818:Limousin
1778:Flanders
1773:Dauphiné
1758:Burgundy
1753:Brittany
1733:Auvergne
1635:(1911).
1582:Archived
1450:28 April
1422:28 April
1328:See also
1182:Missouri
1147:Prussian
1139:Huguenot
1111:Cataline
858:Aviation
727:Bordeaux
676:Toulouse
574:Iron Age
547:cromlêhs
465:Gardères
437:exclaves
395:Armagnac
333:Pyrenees
1998:Labourd
1938:Bigorre
1923:Agenais
1868:Picardy
1803:Hainaut
1798:Guyenne
1793:Gascony
1768:Corsica
1438:"Béarn"
1410:"Béarn"
1359:Garbure
1281:in 1859
1279:battery
1236:Navarre
1184:in 1764
1051:of the
1047:, last
1000:1245 –
746:Somport
740:in the
738:Somport
597:Vandals
539:dolmens
523:Vikings
510:on the
487:History
473:Bigorre
441:Bigorre
399:Bigorre
378:1100),
372:Morlaàs
357:Gascony
349:Labourd
325:Bearnia
288:Occitan
279:French:
206:Country
105:scholar
80:"Béarn"
2018:Quercy
1973:Dombes
1943:Bresse
1873:Poitou
1863:Perche
1838:Marche
1723:Artois
1708:Alsace
1694:France
1468:, 1986
1369:Laruns
1322:Gascon
1244:– Poet
1029:Norway
1025:Sweden
825:Aragon
821:Aragon
811:Bedous
775:Orthez
723:Garlin
715:Lescar
711:Langon
684:Orthez
603:, the
599:, the
582:Basque
543:tumuli
527:Lescar
469:Luquet
467:, and
403:Aragon
391:Landes
380:Orthez
374:(from
351:, the
337:Basque
313:Biarno
309:Bearno
305:Basque
218:France
215:
152:Béarn
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
36:Beiarn
2174:Béarn
2116:]
2109:Tende
2104:Savoy
2038:Velay
2028:Soule
1978:Forez
1948:Bugey
1833:Maine
1743:Berry
1738:Béarn
1728:Aunis
1718:Anjou
1558:(PDF)
1551:(PDF)
1349:Béret
1004:1319)
879:Uzein
779:Puyoô
771:Artix
763:Assat
736:with
719:Thèze
709:with
688:Artix
554:Asson
461:Séron
422:maize
341:Soule
317:Latin
301:Biarn
292:Bearn
243:Béarn
230:UTC+1
159:Bearn
155:Biarn
112:JSTOR
98:books
18:Bearn
2089:Nice
2069:Dabo
1783:Foix
1566:2017
1504:2022
1452:2019
1424:2019
1027:and
925:and
909:and
885:and
827:and
809:and
789:and
777:and
752:Rail
721:and
694:and
662:Road
562:Lacq
560:and
393:and
347:and
175:Flag
84:news
1993:Gex
1692:of
1304:'s
1300:In
1212:as
954:Pau
942:Pau
938:Pau
850:to
791:TER
783:TGV
767:Pau
734:Pau
707:Pau
692:Pau
672:Pau
449:Dax
384:Pau
323:or
311:or
299:or
267:ɑːr
234:CET
67:by
34:or
2170::
2114:fr
1641:.
1440:.
1412:.
1208:,
1196:–
1180:,
1002:c.
998:c.
929:.
905:,
901:,
793:.
785:,
773:,
769:,
765:,
761:,
717:,
698:.
690:,
686:,
682:,
674:,
611:.
564:.
556:,
541:,
483:.
463:,
459:,
455:,
376:c.
343:,
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315:;
307::
303:;
290::
286:;
277:;
261:eɪ
251::
249:US
1675:e
1668:t
1661:v
1568:.
1521:.
1506:.
1454:.
1426:.
1216:.
996:(
870:.
273:/
270:n
264:ˈ
258:b
255:/
245:(
236:)
232:(
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
109:·
102:·
95:·
88:·
61:.
38:.
20:)
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