62:
46:
232:. The total area of grassland is 23,835 km (9,203 sq mi), of which the reserve itself covers 1,486 km (574 sq mi). The Kaidu River runs from west to east through the area, at times meandering and leaving cutoff lakes, and is fed from streams from the high ranges of the Tian Shan to the north and south. The rivers are meandering and braided over gravel beds. In 1982, the Du-Ku highway was built across the Tian Shan, greatly opening access to the area.
69:
212:
251:). There are extreme seasonal variation in temperature, and nights are cold, even in the summer. The Tian Shan are high enough to collect precipitation from the moist arctic air coming from the northwest. The middle elevations, such as at Bayanbulak, receive an average of 270 mm of precipitation per year, enough to support steppe floral communities. Average annual temperature on the grassland is −4.8 °C (23.4 °F).
993:
The vegetation is sub-alpine and alpine meadow and steppe for the most part. The lowest sections of the basin are swamp and swamp-meadow. The greater grasslands of the
Bayanbulak are one of the most productive pasturelands in China, with an estimated 1.5 million sheep causing over-grazing in areas
207:
As a high-altitude marshland (at 2,000 - 2,500 meters), the reserve is an important breeding and staging ground for birds and waterfowl, and is the highest-altitude breeding ground for swans in the world. The area has been designated an
Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA #CN-114) by Birdlife
1004:
The area is best known for its breeding swans. The swan population was estimated at over 20,000 in the 1980s, but by 2001 this had declined to 2,000. Over 120 species of birds have been recorded at the site. The swamp areas, most valuable to the waterfowl, have characteristic vegetation of
984:
ecoregion (WWF #1019). This region centers on the isolated Tian Sham mountains of
Central Asia, and is characterized by extreme altitude differences - from glaciers at the 7,400 meter levels of the peaks to the flat deserts and steppes at 2,000 meters.
219:
At the center of the reserve is "Swan Lake", a connected series of wetlands, which was designated in 1980 as the "Bayanbulak Swan Nature
Reserve" by the Xinjiang government, and upgraded in 1986 to a "National Swan Reserve" by the government of China.
1381:
1029:
An admission fee is charged for tourists. Hotels and guest houses are available in
Bayanbulak, and tents may be rented on the grassland. There is a cultural event for locals and tourists each year, the
118:
1316:"Identity and distribution of weedy Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim. (Orobanchaceae) in Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang: morphological, anatomical and molecular evidence"
61:
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1068:
197:
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1387:
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965:
180:) (from Mongolian "abundant spring") is the second largest grassland in China, located in the Bayanbulak Basin of the
1178:"Human-Induced Changes to Biodiversity and Alpine Pastureland in the Bayanbulak Region of the East Tianshan Mountains"
228:
The
Bayanbulak Basin is an intermontane valley of the basin-and-range of the Tian Shan mountains, to the north of the
1486:
1461:
1043:
245:
1196:
258:
Climate data for
Bayanbulak, elevation 2,458 m (8,064 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present)
163:
35:
1241:"Geometry of meandering and braided gravel-bed threads from the Bayanbulak Grassland, Tianshan, P. R. China"
1111:
1491:
1177:
1496:
1145:
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1217:
1138:"Understanding the Late Palaeozoic - Mesozoic tectonic and topographic evolution of Tian Shan"
1010:
8:
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120:
88:
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229:
189:
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1001:
kansuensis, a type of
Lousewort, that has damaged the local vegetation.
188:. The terrain is mostly flat, and encompasses a middle section of the
1055:
1031:
1014:
211:
181:
68:
45:
1408:
201:
92:
171:
1034:, featuring horse racing, wrestling, and other local customs.
1006:
193:
185:
106:
96:
192:("Peacock River"). The reserve is 200 km northwest of
1197:
10.1659/0276-4741(2002)022[0383:hictba]2.0.co;2
1467:
Factsheet for
Bayanbulak Grassland, Birdlife International
153:
148,689 ha (1,486.89 km; 574.09 sq mi)
1315:
997:
In recent years, there has been aggressive growth of
1058:, a sum (district) in Bayankhongor Aimags (province)
1473:
215:Borders of Bayan Bulak Reserve (in red outline)
1462:Map of Reserve Boundaries, ProtectedPlanet.net
1309:
1307:
1347:
160:Bayanbulak Grassland National Nature Reserve
1304:
1104:
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1259:
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1238:
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1171:
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210:
1502:Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
1409:"Extreme Temperatures Around the World"
1313:
1175:
198:Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
50:Kaidu River, on the Bayan Baluk Reserve
1474:
1286:"Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows"
1280:
1278:
1239:Métivier, Francoise (March 22, 2016).
1144:. Universite de Rennes. Archived from
1130:
1160:
1024:
982:Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows
1435:. GlobalSpecies.org. Archived from
1421:
1388:China Meteorological Administration
1361:China Meteorological Administration
1275:
1210:
966:China Meteorological Administration
13:
988:
980:The Bayan Bulak Reserve is in the
14:
1518:
1455:
1185:Mountain Research and Development
1176:Baiping, Zhang (November 2002).
1044:List of protected areas of China
67:
60:
44:
38:V (protected landscape/seascape)
1374:
176:
167:
76:Location, in Xinjiang Province
1:
1097:
968:all-time extreme temperature
246:Köppen climate classification
223:
975:
7:
1292:. World Wildlife Federation
1049:
1037:
731:Average precipitation days
517:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
377:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
10:
1523:
963:
257:
235:
204:Uyghur Autonomous Region.
1386:(in Simplified Chinese).
1359:(in Simplified Chinese).
1333:10.1007/s40333-016-0004-0
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1487:Nature reserves in China
1429:"Ecoregions - Tian Shan"
1382:
1356:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data
1355:
1261:10.5194/esurf-4-273-2016
1220:. Birdlife International
1290:Ecoregions of the World
184:mountains in northwest
24:National Nature Reserve
1248:Earth Surface Dynamics
1218:"Bayanbulak Grassland"
1112:"Bayanbulak Grassland"
216:
1314:Xiaolin, SUI (2016).
214:
22:Bayanbulak Grassland
1320:Journal of Arid Land
1118:. Travel China Guide
1013:(marsh arrowgrass),
1011:Triglochin palustris
994:around the reserve.
307:Record high °C (°F)
1492:Grasslands of China
1439:on 14 November 2017
778:Average snowy days
587:Record low °C (°F)
447:Daily mean °C (°F)
130: /
29:(also: Bayinbuluke)
1148:on 27 October 2016
1116:Travel China Guide
1025:Access and Tourism
217:
16:Grassland in China
1497:Parks in Xinjiang
1142:Geoscience Rennes
1088:Agin-Buryat Okrug
972:
971:
919:possible sunshine
824:relative humidity
242:subarctic climate
157:
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103:Nearest city
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1092:Zabaykalsky Krai
1084:Aginsky District
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1482:IUCN Category V
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1021:(bladderwort).
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989:Flora and Fauna
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240:The area has a
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208:International.
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134:42.75°N 84.33°E
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1456:External links
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1433:Global Species
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870:Mean monthly
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89:Hejing County
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54:
47:
42:
37:
36:IUCN category
32:
27:
20:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:the original
1432:
1423:
1412:. Retrieved
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1323:
1319:
1294:. Retrieved
1289:
1265:. Retrieved
1251:
1247:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1188:
1184:
1150:. Retrieved
1146:the original
1141:
1132:
1120:. Retrieved
1115:
1106:
1028:
1003:
996:
992:
979:
661:mm (inches)
248:
239:
227:
218:
206:
175:
159:
158:
139:42.75; 84.33
1254:: 273–283.
1072: [
1069:Bayan-Bulak
1019:Utricularia
999:Pedicularis
230:Tarim Basin
190:Kaidu River
177:Bāyīnbùlǔkè
137: /
113:Coordinates
1476:Categories
1443:27 October
1414:2024-09-22
1393:10 October
1366:10 October
1339:27 October
1296:27 October
1267:27 October
1224:October 1,
1202:27 October
1152:27 October
1122:27 October
1098:References
1056:Bayanbulag
1032:Nadam Fair
1015:Batrachium
1009:(sedges),
733:(≥ 0.1 mm)
224:Topography
1507:Tian Shan
976:Ecoregion
182:Tian Shan
1050:Mongolia
1038:See also
964:Source:
917:Percent
912:2,681.9
822:Average
726:(11.88)
657:Average
652:(−57.3)
647:(−44.9)
642:(−38.4)
637:(−13.9)
607:(−11.2)
602:(−35.3)
597:(−45.4)
592:(−57.3)
577:(−16.2)
527:(−18.2)
522:(−25.4)
452:(−15.5)
202:Xinjiang
93:Xinjiang
85:Location
1383:中国气象数据网
721:(0.19)
716:(0.26)
711:(0.23)
706:(0.98)
701:(2.42)
696:(3.15)
691:(2.74)
686:(0.98)
681:(0.45)
676:(0.20)
671:(0.14)
666:(0.14)
627:(11.3)
622:(19.9)
617:(16.2)
582:(13.5)
567:(17.6)
562:(30.2)
557:(38.7)
552:(40.8)
547:(37.8)
542:(30.4)
537:(22.8)
512:(24.9)
507:(−7.1)
502:(12.2)
497:(30.0)
492:(43.2)
487:(50.7)
482:(52.3)
477:(49.3)
472:(42.6)
467:(34.3)
462:(13.6)
457:(−7.1)
442:(38.5)
432:(25.9)
427:(45.9)
422:(58.3)
417:(64.9)
412:(65.5)
407:(62.1)
402:(56.5)
397:(48.2)
392:(27.0)
382:(−3.1)
372:(82.9)
367:(33.1)
362:(53.1)
357:(66.6)
352:(75.6)
347:(82.9)
342:(81.9)
337:(76.6)
332:(76.5)
327:(72.0)
322:(57.6)
317:(34.0)
312:(30.2)
236:Climate
164:Chinese
125:84°20′E
122:42°45′N
1063:Russia
1017:, and
909:165.6
906:180.5
903:241.5
900:246.3
897:255.0
894:244.1
891:229.7
888:254.5
885:243.9
882:239.1
879:195.2
876:186.5
773:115.6
632:(8.4)
612:(5.7)
572:(1.9)
532:(1.6)
437:(4.8)
387:(6.4)
263:Month
174::
172:pinyin
166::
1244:(PDF)
1181:(PDF)
1076:]
1007:Carex
817:86.3
814:12.5
811:10.8
790:10.2
787:12.0
784:11.7
781:11.1
758:14.7
755:19.0
752:17.9
749:12.3
724:301.3
650:−49.6
645:−42.7
640:−39.1
635:−25.5
630:−13.1
625:−11.5
610:−14.6
605:−24.0
600:−37.4
595:−43.0
590:−49.6
580:−10.3
575:−26.8
570:−16.7
530:−16.9
525:−27.9
520:−31.9
505:−21.7
500:−11.0
460:−10.2
455:−21.7
450:−26.4
435:−15.1
385:−14.2
380:−19.5
302:Year
194:Korla
186:China
168:巴音布鲁克
107:Korla
97:China
1445:2016
1395:2023
1368:2023
1341:2016
1298:2016
1269:2016
1226:2016
1204:2016
1154:2016
1124:2016
1080:ulus
1078:, a
826:(%)
808:6.6
805:3.3
802:0.5
799:0.2
796:1.2
793:6.2
770:6.8
767:5.1
764:4.6
761:9.3
746:7.7
743:5.8
740:6.0
737:6.4
704:24.8
699:61.4
694:79.9
689:69.5
684:25.0
679:11.5
620:−6.7
615:−8.8
565:−8.0
560:−1.0
540:−0.9
535:−5.1
510:−3.9
495:−1.1
485:10.4
480:11.3
430:−3.4
420:14.6
415:18.3
410:18.6
405:16.7
400:13.6
390:−2.8
370:28.3
360:11.7
355:19.2
350:24.2
345:28.3
340:27.7
335:24.8
330:24.7
325:22.2
320:14.2
310:−1.0
299:Dec
296:Nov
293:Oct
290:Sep
287:Aug
284:Jul
281:Jun
278:May
275:Apr
272:Mar
269:Feb
266:Jan
150:Area
1328:doi
1256:doi
1193:doi
1082:in
959:61
956:59
953:63
950:72
947:67
944:60
941:53
938:50
935:56
932:60
929:64
926:65
923:63
865:70
862:77
859:74
856:65
853:65
850:68
847:69
844:67
841:61
838:62
835:74
832:77
829:76
719:4.8
714:6.5
709:5.8
674:5.0
669:3.5
664:3.6
555:3.7
550:4.9
545:3.2
490:6.2
475:9.6
470:5.9
465:1.3
440:3.6
425:7.7
395:9.0
365:0.6
315:1.1
249:Dwc
200:of
196:in
1478::
1431:.
1322:.
1318:.
1306:^
1288:.
1277:^
1250:.
1246:.
1189:22
1187:.
1183:.
1162:^
1140:.
1114:.
1090:,
1086:,
1074:ru
170:;
95:,
91:,
1447:.
1417:.
1397:.
1370:.
1343:.
1330::
1324:8
1300:.
1271:.
1258::
1252:4
1228:.
1206:.
1195::
1156:.
1126:.
244:(
162:(
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