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304:(or "seal brown"). The dark brown shades of bay are referred to in other languages by words meaning "black-and-tan." Dark bays/browns may be so dark as to have nearly black coats, with brownish-red hairs visible only under the eyes, around the muzzle, behind the elbow, and in front of the stifle. Dark bay should not be confused with
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is occasionally confused with dark bays and liver chestnuts because some black horses "sunburn", that is, when kept out in the sun, they develop a bleached-out coat that looks brownish, particularly in the fine-haired areas around the flanks. However, a true black can be recognized by looking at the
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as they mature until eventually their hair coat is completely white. Foals that are going to become gray must have one parent that is gray. Some foals may be born with a few white hairs already visible around the eyes, muzzle, and other fine-haired, thin-skinned areas, but others may not show signs
208:. While the basic genetics that create bay coloring are fairly simple, the genes themselves and the mechanisms that cause shade variations within the bay family are quite complex and, at times, disputed. The genetics of dark shades of bay are still under study. The genetic mechanism that produces
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refers to a bay horse with at least one dominant champagne allele. Black pigment is diluted to warm brown and red pigment to gold. The effect is similar to buckskin, but the points of an amber champagne do not remain black, and the skin is mottled. Amber champagnes also have hazel eyes rather than
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The genetics behind the different shades of bay are still under investigation. A genome wide association study identified a region of equine chromosome 22 that appears to correlate with the extent of black pigment on bay horses. This region includes the 5' end of the agouti gene as well as another
752:. Red and black pigment at the extremities remains largely unchanged, but on the body, black pigment is diluted to slate and red pigment is diluted to a dustier shade. The effect is similar to buckskin, but the coat of a bay dun is a flatter tan rather than bronze, and all duns have some form of
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are bay horses with at least one dominant silver (Z) allele. Red pigment is unaffected, but black pigment in the short coat is diluted to dark, flat, brown-gray while the longer hairs are diluted to silver. The overall effect on a bay is that of a chocolate-colored horse with a pale mane and
473:, sometimes called "Sorrels", have a reddish body coat similar to a bay, but no black points. Their legs and ear edges are the same color as the rest of their body (unless they have white markings) and their manes and tails are the same shade as their body color or even a few shades lighter.
391:. The seal brown horse has dark brown body and lighter areas around the eyes, the muzzle, and flanks. A DNA test said to detect the seal brown (A) allele was developed, but the test was never subjected to peer review and due to unreliable results was subsequently pulled from the market.
342:. However, as the hair grows out, it will darken again to the proper shade. This phenomenon is linked to the genetics that produce red coloration in horses, but usually not seen in body-clipped darker shades of bay because there is less red in the hair shaft.
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for the dominant creme (CCr) allele. The black pigment remains largely unchanged, but any red pigment in the coat is diluted to gold. Buckskins are seldom mistaken for bays because their coats are significantly lighter and have no hint of a red or orange
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gene, which either produces faint roaning on only some parts of the body or can cause some white or cream hairs to appear in the mane or tail, sometimes creating a "skunk" effect. Most bays with rabicano are registered as either bays or as bay
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horses are bays with at least one dominant roan (Rn) allele. The roan gene creates an effect of white hairs intermingled with the red body coat. This color was formerly lumped together with chestnut or "strawberry" roans and called "red
698:. Over 42,000 years ago, a mutation called non-dun 1 appeared, which allowed horses to be bay. Non-dun 1 replaces the tan dun color with the darker brown of bay, but keeps the primitive markings seen on dun. Later a second mutation to the
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The extent to which a bay passes on its color varies. Two bay horses heterozygous for E (Ee x Ee) have a 25% statistical probability to produce a chestnut. Similarly, bay horses heterozygous for A (Aa x Aa) may produce a black foal.
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There are many terms that are used to describe particular shades and qualities of a bay coat. Some shade variations can be related to nutrition and grooming, but most appear to be caused by inherited factors not yet fully understood.
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which is caused by textured, concentric rings within the coat. Dapples on a bay horse suggest good condition and care, though many well-cared for horses never dapple. The tendency to dapple may also be, to some extent, genetic.
200:; however such markings do not alter a horse's classification as "bay". Bay horses have dark skin – except under white markings, where the skin is pink. Genetically, bay occurs when a horse carries both at least one dominant
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for the dominant creme (CCr) allele. Both black and red pigment are diluted to some shade of creme, though the formerly black points often have a stronger reddish cast. The skin is a slightly pigmented pink and the eyes are
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or various spotting pattern genes create many additional coat colors, although the underlying bay coat color genetics usually manifest by a warm-toned red, tan, or brownish body color and the appearance of black points.
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horses have a black mane and tail, but instead of a red or brown coat, they have a cream or gold coat. Though once called a "Sandy" bay in older texts on horse color, the genetic distinction created by the
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Some breed registries use the term "brown" to describe darker bays, though modern genetics have resulted in some terminology revisions such as the use of "bay or brown." However, "liver"
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The pigment in a bay horse's coat, regardless of shade, is rich and fully saturated. This makes bays particularly lustrous in the sun if properly cared for. Some bay horses exhibit
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is recessive, two black horses cannot have a bay foal either. However, it is possible for a chestnut horse and a black horse to produce a bay foal, if the chestnut horse is
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contexts. Therefore, "brown" can be an ambiguous term for describing horse coat color. It is clearer to refer to dark-colored horses as dark bays or liver chestnuts.
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The black areas of a bay horse's hair coat are called "black points", and without them, a horse is not a bay horse. Black points may sometimes be covered by white
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Ludwig A, Pruvost M, Reissmann M, Benecke N, Brockmann GA, Castaños P, Cieslak M, Lippold S, Llorente L, Malaspinas AS, Slatkin M, Hofreiter M (2009-04-24).
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fine hairs around the muzzle and eyes. These hairs are always black on a black horse, but are reddish, brownish, or even a light gold on a bay or chestnut.
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Corbin, Laura J.; Pope, Jessica; Sanson, Jacqueline; Antczak, Douglas F.; Miller, Donald; Sadeghi, Raheleh; Brooks, Samantha A. (2020).
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genetics also appear to progressively darken some horses' coats as they age, and that genetic mechanism is yet to be fully understood.
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which produces dark shading on any coat color. The other is a specific allele of Agouti linked to a certain type of dark bay, called
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Wild bays are true bays with fully pigmented reddish coat color and black manes and tails, but the black points only extend up to the
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A liver chestnut is distinguished from a bay by a lack of black points. The mane and tail are the same color as the body, or lighter.
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To further complicate matters, there apparently exists more than one genetic mechanism that darkens coat colors. One is a theorized
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Veterinary
Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis. Web Site accessed January 12, 2008
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Bay foals, like this one, sometimes have pale hairs on their legs and in their mane and tail until they shed their foal coats
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The red areas of a bay coat usually have a two-toned hair shaft, which, if shaved closely (such as when body-clipping for a
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The effects of additional equine coat color genes on a bay template alter the basic color into other shades or patterns:
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is a color pattern in the pinto family, but in some cases, the gene may be minimally expressed in the form of very bold
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that include a dorsal stripe along the backbone, and sometimes faint horizontal striping at the back of the front legs.
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368:, horses with a red or brown mane and tail as well as a dark brownish body coat, are sometimes called "brown" in some
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has yet to be isolated, however most seal brown horses appear to have the genotype EE Aa, which could play a part.
1032:"Regulatory mutations in TBX3 disrupt asymmetric hair pigmentation that underlies Dun camouflage color in horses"
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Black horse with sun-bleached forelock, showing solid black hairs around the eye, even though forelock is reddish
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981:"An Independent Locus Upstream of ASIP Controls Variation in the Shade of the Bay Coat Colour in Horses"
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and other breeds. This gene also produces secondary characteristics that include mottled skin, a white
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or slight body spotting and such horses will be registered by their owners as "bay", particularly in
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Imsland F, McGowan K, Rubin CJ, Henegar C, Sundström E, Berglund J, et al. (February 2016).
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allele limits the location of black pigment to the points, seen in the bay color. The recessive
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edges, and lower legs. Bay is one of the most common coat colors in many horse breeds.
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or fetlock. Wild bay is sometimes found in conjunction with a trait called "
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Bay horses range in color from a light copper red, to a rich red
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The shades with the least amount of point coloration are called
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803:" is used, especially in the UK, to refer to bay pintos.
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allele from its black parent, resulting in a bay color.
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A very dark bay horse might appear to be almost black
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show some of the typical variations in the bay color.
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genotype. To be bay, a horse must have at least one
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Dark bay horse, showing lighter hairs around the eye
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This foal was born bay but is starting to turn gray
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906:"The Enigmatic Brown Horse - Color Genetics"
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462:For description of other coat colors, see
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960:. UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory
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1149:"Introduction to Coat Color Genetics"
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1080:(Press release). December 21, 2015.
923:Understanding Equine DNA and Agouti
585:can be bay or black. The recessive
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30:For the community in England, see
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744:are bay horses with at least one
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1695:Category:Horse coat colors
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1398:
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1367:
1366:Silver dapple
1364:
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1347:
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1327:
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1129:
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1116:
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1108:
1105:(5926): 485.
1104:
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1079:
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1063:
1058:
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986:
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931:
924:
919:
911:
907:
901:
893:
891:0-8138-0759-X
887:
884:. Blackwell.
883:
876:
872:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
843:
839:
836:
832:
828:
824:
821:
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343:
341:
337:
328:
324:
321:
316:
314:
309:
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303:
299:
296:
295:mahogany bay,
293:
289:
275:
263:
251:
239:
234:
225:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
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176:
172:
168:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
133:Mane and tail
131:
127:
125:Head and Legs
123:
120:Reddish-Brown
119:
115:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
1679:STX17 (Gray)
1639:Horse genome
1521:Knabstrupper
1514:
1511:Varnish roan
1405:and patterns
1387:Sabino-white
1352:
1351:Blue dun or
1226:
1151:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1078:ScienceDaily
1077:
1042:(2): 152–8.
1039:
1035:
1025:
988:
984:
974:
962:. Retrieved
958:"Red Factor"
952:
940:. Retrieved
930:
918:
900:
881:
875:
823:Bay Leopards
724:heterozygous
709:
689:
665:
664:gene called
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
619:
615:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
586:
582:
578:
574:
567:
565:
556:
552:
548:
546:
539:
535:
521:Siamese cats
502:
398:
382:
363:
350:
348:
344:
333:
319:
317:
310:
301:
297:
294:
291:
287:
285:
218:
195:
166:
165:
1634:Color breed
1489:Tricoloured
1466:(primarily
1326:Smoky cream
1303:Smoky black
767:Silver bays
561:black horse
513:pheomelanin
202:Agouti gene
157:Other notes
101:Description
94:agouti gene
18:Bay (color)
1468:UK English
1349:(see also
1296:Isabelline
1232:Seal brown
991:(6): 606.
867:References
781:Bay pintos
735:homozygous
720:cream gene
389:seal brown
385:sooty gene
370:colloquial
351:wild bays.
336:horse show
298:black-bay,
210:seal brown
82:Base color
70:"wild bay"
66:seal brown
51:A bay mare
1613:Tiger eye
1517:Appaloosa
1515:See also
1341:Champagne
1230:included
827:Appaloosa
684:non-dun 1
626:extension
603:extension
572:ancestral
568:extension
536:extension
509:eumelanin
471:Chestnuts
366:chestnuts
320:dappling,
292:dark bay,
288:blood bay
112:Phenotype
85:Black (E)
32:Bay Horse
1708:Category
1659:KIT gene
1644:Wildtype
1608:Mushroom
1543:Rabicano
1484:Skewbald
1316:Cremello
1291:Palomino
1286:Buckskin
1215:Chestnut
1137:19390039
1066:26691985
1017:32486210
910:Archived
850:See also
842:rabicano
801:tricolor
797:skewbald
787:, frame
774:Bay Roan
746:dominant
742:Bay duns
731:Perlinos
715:Buckskin
700:dun gene
591:chestnut
529:albinism
485:Genetics
405:dominant
313:markings
198:markings
77:Genotype
57:Variants
1649:Melanin
1583:Pangaré
1573:Cropout
1568:Brindle
1479:Piebald
1448:Tobiano
1321:Perlino
1128:5102060
1107:Bibcode
1099:Science
1057:4731265
1008:7349280
964:Nov 20,
942:Nov 20,
785:tobiano
692:bay dun
686:allele.
505:melanin
359:pangare
355:pastern
181:on the
72:pattern
1654:Agouti
1603:Flaxen
1453:Tovero
1441:Sabino
1353:Grullo
1220:Sorrel
1135:
1125:
1064:
1054:
1015:
1005:
888:
845:roans.
835:hooves
831:sclera
807:Sabino
799:" or "
777:roan."
763:brown.
750:allele
674:Origin
650:agouti
638:agouti
611:agouti
595:agouti
579:agouti
549:agouti
541:agouti
175:horses
1598:Sooty
1578:Liver
1556:Other
1436:Frame
1426:Overo
1375:White
1361:Pearl
1273:Cream
1210:Black
985:Genes
789:overo
770:tail.
738:blue.
727:tint.
477:Black
401:foals
399:Some
302:brown
214:Sooty
169:is a
144:Black
136:Black
128:Black
62:sooty
1674:PAX3
1669:MITF
1538:Roan
1519:and
1256:Gray
1251:Gray
1152:from
1133:PMID
1062:PMID
1013:PMID
966:2021
944:2021
886:ISBN
748:dun
667:RALY
538:and
532:gene
523:and
409:gray
187:tail
183:mane
149:Eyes
141:Skin
117:Body
1346:Dun
1227:Bay
1123:PMC
1115:doi
1103:324
1052:PMC
1044:doi
1003:PMC
993:doi
791:or
648:at
644:or
636:at
624:at
609:at
601:at
566:At
547:At
519:of
340:dun
300:or
191:ear
173:of
167:Bay
96:(A)
64:or
40:Bay
1710::
1131:.
1121:.
1113:.
1101:.
1097:.
1076:.
1060:.
1050:.
1040:48
1038:.
1034:.
1011:.
1001:.
989:11
987:.
983:.
908:.
646:Aa
642:AA
613:.
563:.
189:,
185:,
1470:)
1356:)
1298:)
1222:)
1186:e
1179:t
1172:v
1139:.
1117::
1109::
1068:.
1046::
1019:.
995::
968:.
946:.
894:.
837:.
658:E
654:A
634:a
630:E
622:e
607:A
599:E
587:e
583:E
575:E
557:a
553:A
466:.
34:.
20:)
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