29:
195:
231:
424:
508:
1696:
591:
664:
1489:. He called this the gene for dominant black and described the color as jet black, which does not fade in sunlight as the ordinary black may do. The foal coat is also thought to be black, whereas the first coat of the recessive black is often more of a mouse gray color. The existence of a similar gene in other mammals helped lead him to this conclusion. Thus,
711:. Horses without any sootiness are termed "clear-coated". Sootiness can be minor or quite extensive, and often includes dappling. Dark bay horses are typically sooty. The difference between the top-down distribution of the sooty trait and the lighter soft areas of a seal brown can also be difficult to distinguish from one another.
223:"brown" due to a lack of vocabulary, and those discussing large populations of horses will use "brown" out of a need for a more specific vocabulary. The term "seal brown" is unlikely to be part of a novice's repertoire and is therefore preferable when discussing this specific coat color. This coat color is, illuminatingly, called "
1608:
2001, pg 454: We could not find any association between the agouti Aa-allele status (A/Aa versus A/A) and "dark" shaded horses (Table 2). From the 120 horses typed, 34 were heterozygote carriers of the
Aaallele. From those, 9 were considered normal bay and 7 dark bay, as well as 7 normal chestnut and
210:, Dan Phillip Sponenberg wrote "In general, all dark colors with black points that are lighter than black but darker than bay are called brown." In this text, he classifies black-pointed, clear reddish coats of any shade as bay, and black-pointed coats of any shade with black countershading as brown.
695:
Many black horses fade, sunbleach, or otherwise undergo a lightening of their coat color with exposure to sunlight and sweat. These horses are often mistaken for seal browns or dark bays. Horses which do not undergo such fading are now usually called “non-fading” black, though other terms were used
213:
Seal brown is best described as a black or nearly-black coat with reddish or tan hairs on the "soft parts": the muzzle, eyes, inner ears, underbelly, behind the elbow, and in front of the stifle. Like other coat colors, seal browns can range in shade. The very darkest are just about black except for
1437:
Sponenberg 2003. pg. 29. "Some horses referred to as brown are essentially black but have the mealy effect superimposed. Such horses are called seal brown. Seal browns and very darkly countershaded browns can look almost identical and illustrate that occasionally it is difficult to assess a horse's
1580:
Sponenberg 2003, pg 24. "Some black horses never seem to fade in the sunlight and are called jet black or raven black. Others tend to get a rusty tinge during certain times of the year and are then a flatter color, but are still black. In
Austria these are called summer black (sommer rappe), which
1594:
2001, pg 454: A statistically significant tendency (X249.1; p < 0.01) of lighter bay shades carrying the EE/Ee genotype (35 of 42 bay horses) and darker bay shades carrying the EE/EE genotype (9 of 16 dark bay horses) was found in our panel. Thus, lighter bay shades would be at least partially
606:. The breeding of pure black horses is attended by two problems: some black coats fade with exposure to light and sweat, and breeding two "black" horses together would sometimes produce non-black horses. In some cases, faded true black horses have lighter coats than the darkest near-black horses.
460:. This is based on the many other species where similar black-and-tan patterns are caused by alleles at the agouti locus. One genetics lab offered a test for seal brown in 2009, but the underlying studies were not peer-reviewed and the test was pulled from the market due to inconsistent results.
675:
horses, which have a black mane, tail, and legs with a dark reddish brown or sooty coat, and seal brown horses, which have very dark brown coats in addition to black "points", with reddish or tan hairs around their muzzle, eyes, elbows, and flanks have one of two genotypes at the Agouti locus:
222:
Non-horse people often refer to many horse coat colors as "brown," in particular the bay color. Among horse aficionados, a common assessment is that "... is only used by people with one horse or with two hundred." The implication is that lay observers will refer to a horse's coat color to be
1006:
Dark Bay/Brown: The entire coat of the horse will vary from a brown, with areas of tan on the shoulders, head and flanks, to a dark brown, with tan areas seen only in the flanks and/or muzzle. The mane, tail and lower portion of the legs are always black, unless white markings are
396:. Like all champagnes, sable champagnes have hazel eyes and pinkish, freckled skin. The coat is a flat, diluted grayish- or purplish-brown, somewhere between the warm pumpkin tones of the bay-based amber champagne, and the cool purplish tones of the black-based classic champagne.
766:
Rieder, Stefan; Sead
Taourit; Denis Mariat; Bertrand Langlois; Gérard Guérin (2001). "Mutations in the agouti (ASIP), the extension (MC1R), and the brown (TYRP1) loci and their association to coat color phenotypes in horses (Equus caballus)".
1595:
explained by a dosage effect of an average 50% less working melanocortin-1-receptor function due to the Ee-allele (Table 2). However, this result might be biased by the structure of our horse panel and presently unknown genetic variation.
577:
mutations are typically rufous or chocolate rather than the black-dominated coats of seal brown horses, and usually result in pinkish-brown skin and light eyes. This is not the case for seal brown horses, and the role of
696:
in the past. However, though hypothesized, there does not appear to be a separate “non-fading” allele for black, either. Mineral and vitamin deficiencies can also contribute to a lighter coat, similar to sunbleaching.
1152:
629:) and produce black or near-black horses, which could then go on to have bay offspring. The implication was that the seal brown coat color, which is often quite nearly black, could be produced by this allele.
738:). The authors acknowledged that other factors could play a role, and that the claim needed to be studied on a greater scale. This type of dosage-dependent behavior was not observed with
519:
This theory was discarded when the equine Agouti gene (ASIP) was sequenced in 2001, finding that horses fitting the seal brown phenotype did not possess the homozygous recessive
1156:
386:. The black areas of the seal brown coat are unaffected or slightly lightened, while the reddish areas are more golden. These should not be confused with traditional buckskins.
165:
said to detect the seal brown (A) allele was developed, but the test was never subjected to peer review and due to unreliable results was subsequently pulled from the market.
684:. Both coat colors exhibit a broad range of potential shades due to a variety of factors including the bleaching or fading of black hair, nutrition, and the presence of
1447:
Sponenberg 2003, pg 123. Fig. 9.10. "The mealy effect generally is lighter and more yellow than residual nonblack areas (which tend to be redder) on very sooty horses."
28:
864:
345:, offer the designation "dark bay or brown" to cope with the ambiguity in terminology and identification. Among historically German breeds and registries, the term
410:
including at least a dorsal stripe and darker points. The primitive markings of brown duns are black, and the coat color is somewhere between the slate gray of a
260:, reddish-brown to quite dark-brown body coat with true black mane, tail, and legs; dark bays are hard to distinguish from seal browns by even experienced eyes.
157:
mutation that would create a fully black horse. The genetics behind seal brown are not known, but some think it is caused by an allele of agouti called
570:
gene of other mammals result in various reddish-brown coat color phenotypes: Brown in mice, Chocolate in cats, Chocolate in dogs, and Dun in cattle.
909:
Sponenberg 2003. pg 25. "As a general rule, better accuracy is achieved by distinguishing brown from bay by the presence of sooty countershading."
644:. He described an allele responsible for black countershading, or sootiness, which would distinguish all shades of brown from all shades of bay.
835:
because alleles with similar action occur in many species, and lead to minor tan areas in the same locations as the seal brown color of horses.
172:
coat color, which also features black points and a dark body, differs from seal brown by the absence of tan markings. Another mimic is the
1637:
1046:
1102:
722:
might be dosage-dependent. They found a statistically significant tendency for lighter bays to be heterozygous for the dominant, wildtype
965:
243:
In the most simple terms, the vast majority of horses are indeed some shade of brown, but not "seal brown." Such coat colors include:
1034:
BROWN: The Brown horse's body color is black except for lighter brown areas around the muzzle, eyes, flanks, and insides of the legs.
486:
For a period, the seal brown phenotype - black or near-black coat with tan or red hairs on the soft areas - was described as a true
1127:
504:. The trait is characterized by pale hairs, typically off-white to light tan, around the eyes, muzzle, and underside of the body.
478:. This theory prevailed until the 1990s, when discoveries of similar conditions in other species provided alternate explanations.
176:, an all-over dark brown coat including mane and tail, that is sometimes confused with seal brown. However, true seal browns have
1248:
Letko, A.; Ammann, B.; Jagannathan, V.; Henkel, J.; Leuthard, F.; Schelling, C.; Carneiro, M.; Drögemüller, C.; Leeb, T. (2020).
617:
or "dominant black". Based on the existence of such conditions in other animals, Castle suggested that the dominant black gene (
1337:
1219:
704:
2116:
1250:"A deletion spanning the promoter and first exon of the hair cycle-specific ASIP transcript isoform in black and tan rabbits"
602:
The allure of a pure black coat on a horse has struck horse breeders for centuries, resulting in all-black breeds like the
1361:
361:
indicates seal brown (literally black-brown). In France, seal brown horses are recognized among the "black coat family".
468:
An early version of the currently-accepted equine Agouti gene theory was first presented in 1951 by Miguel
Odriozola in
1077:
311:
134:, the mane, tail and legs; but also reddish or tan areas around the eyes, muzzle, behind the elbow and in front of the
1778:
1773:
1768:
868:
937:
894:
1630:
315:
214:
their tan areas. Lighter examples are easily confused with dark bays. The mane, tail, and legs are always black.
667:
Rich red tones, top-down sootiness with dappling, and relatively restricted black points identify this dark bay.
2106:
655:, which showed no such alleles. However, it remains likely that a genetic control for sootiness does exist.
1457:
1529:, where the blank indicates that the paired gene has no effect. There is no direct evidence that the gene
1623:
54:
and tan coloration around muzzle, eyes, flanks and other "soft" areas. Lacks reddish tint seen in most
2166:
2147:
2081:
707:
aspect (top) of the animal, and less prevalent on the underparts. Sootiness is thought to be a form of
453:
444:
369:
The presence of other coat color genes can modify a seal brown coat. The seal brown family includes:
154:
1581:
reflects the fact that many black horses fade at least somewhat in the heat and sunlight of summer."
562:
gene account for variations in "normal" skin, hair and eye coloration, as well as types of clinical
440:
2136:
1053:
2055:
1106:
1485:, extends the dark pigment so much that it actually masks the effect of the bay pattern gene,
234:
This horse looks "brown", but the non-black lower legs give him away as a dark liver chestnut.
1888:
1844:
957:
497:
198:
The tan hair around the eyes and muzzle with a very dark body color is typical of seal brown.
1249:
8:
1941:
1748:
990:
850:
1131:
2045:
1818:
1415:
1324:
1277:
792:
474:
407:
293:
286:
1654:
1646:
1563:
1559:
1420:
1329:
1281:
1269:
933:
890:
784:
189:
123:
1296:
1227:
1019:
2040:
1738:
1555:
1410:
1402:
1319:
1311:
1261:
796:
776:
703:. A sooty coat exhibits a mixing of black or darker hairs more concentrated on the
551:
374:
273:
177:
131:
51:
1695:
1955:
1667:
1315:
926:
609:
To account for this, W.E. Castle postulated that there was a third allele at the
334:
248:
173:
162:
452:
Since 1951, it has been proposed that seal brown was caused by an allele of the
1883:
1854:
1834:
1793:
1672:
1406:
819:
Control for the difference between wild bay and bay most likely resides at the
765:
708:
699:
Black-pointed horses that are not uniformly black often exhibit a trait called
689:
603:
393:
307:
139:
1546:
Rieder, Stefan (December 2009). "Molecular tests for coat colours in horses".
1387:
1365:
2160:
2060:
2030:
2015:
1827:
1716:
487:
323:
319:
1609:
2 dark chestnut. One normal chestnut was found homozygous for the Aa-allele.
1081:
714:
The team of French researchers who developed the DNA test for the recessive
194:
2091:
1990:
1973:
1963:
1893:
1839:
1708:
1567:
1424:
1333:
1273:
1170:
788:
700:
685:
338:
135:
780:
2086:
2050:
1866:
1755:
1679:
1662:
672:
647:
Both theories were laid to rest after the characterization of the equine
501:
327:
256:
203:
169:
150:
143:
55:
1920:
1813:
1725:
1194:
379:
264:
230:
224:
2035:
1265:
492:
2096:
2065:
1969:
1615:
342:
285:, commonly tan (though rust or slate-like shades exist) with evident
202:
Opinions vary on what constitutes a true seal brown as distinct from
138:. The term is not to be confused with "brown", which is used by some
423:
2131:
1995:
1936:
1798:
1743:
563:
555:
515:, which is pale in comparison to the reddish areas on a seal brown.
463:
403:
297:, sometimes called "chocolate", are often found in brownish shades.
281:
923:
2101:
2025:
2020:
1931:
1900:
535:
111:
507:
310:
or studbooks recognize seal brown as a distinct coat color. The
180:
characteristic of all bay horses, while liver chestnuts do not.
1905:
1803:
511:
These Exmoor ponies may be dark bay or seal brown, but exhibit
411:
277:, tan or gold body coat with the black areas of a bay (above).
252:, entirely copper-red to liver-brown, without true black hair.
2111:
1878:
1438:
genotype accurately by visual inspection of phenotype alone."
1025:. Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders and Exhibitors Association
924:
Evans, James Warren; Warren J. Evans; Anthony Borton (1990).
590:
531:
378:, is a result of the dilution effect of a single copy of the
127:
70:
dark brown with lighter tan coloration at soft points of body
1247:
582:
in seal brown was ruled out after it was sequenced in 2001.
2126:
2121:
663:
318:
both recognize "brown" as a separate category, while the
1388:"Coat color inheritance in horses and in other mammals"
995:
The
American Stud Book Principal Rules and Requirements
238:
496:, or mealy-factor. Pangaré is a quality common to the
146:
without the additional characteristics of seal brown.
585:
538:
involved in melanin synthesis, and is encoded by the
431:
color comes from an allele of the agouti gene called
130:
characterized by a near-black body color; with black
1294:
1052:. American Quarter Horse Association. Archived from
823:
locus. ... Seal brown is thought to be caused by an
472:, subsequently reviewed by William Ernest Castle in
1080:. American Paint Horse Association. Archived from
925:
621:) would override the "points" pattern of dominant
851:"The Enigmatic Brown Horse | Color Genetics"
813:Sponenberg, D. Phillip; Bellone, Rebecca (2017).
812:
500:and so-called primitive horse breeds such as the
2158:
808:
806:
734:) while darker bays were more often homozygous (
464:Former theories about the genetics of seal brown
1295:Castle, W.E.; W.R. Singleton (September 1961).
845:
843:
951:
949:
598:), may be mistaken for seal brown or dark bay.
449:The genetics behind seal brown are not known.
142:to refer to either a seal brown horse or to a
1631:
1541:
1539:
1458:"*115501 TYROSINASE-RELATED PROTEIN 1; TYRP1"
803:
406:. Like all duns, brown duns have conspicuous
263:Both bay and chestnut may be darkened by the
1493:is thought to extend the dark color even if
1163:
880:
878:
840:
761:
759:
757:
755:
1574:
1441:
1431:
1105:. Arabian Horse Association. Archived from
946:
718:allele also discussed the possibility that
632:Similarly, Sponenberg once hypothesized an
1638:
1624:
1536:
903:
884:
658:
27:
1414:
1323:
875:
752:
418:
402:, a result of the dilution effect of the
392:, a result of the dilution effect of the
1598:
1481:"Castle postulated that another allele,
1364:. Pet DNA Services of AZ. Archived from
1354:
1201:. International Champagne Horse Registry
1120:
985:
983:
955:
662:
589:
506:
422:
229:
193:
1584:
1548:Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics
1095:
919:
917:
915:
301:
2159:
1645:
1545:
1475:
1464:. Johns Hopkins University. 2008-09-05
1385:
1379:
1288:
1012:
968:from the original on November 20, 2021
364:
1619:
1220:"Brown/Bay Dun Colors & Markings"
980:
865:"Understanding Equine DNA and Agouti"
640:) allele, dominant over the wildtype
1724:
1450:
1187:
1130:. Gatewood Farms LLC. Archived from
1070:
1039:
912:
817:. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 32, 34.
815:Equine Color Genetics Fourth Edition
481:
1462:Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
1212:
526:
13:
586:Extension-brown and dominant black
427:In rabbits and other species, the
312:American Quarter Horse Association
14:
2178:
827:locus allele which is symbolized
183:
153:, the seal brown color lacks the
1694:
1560:10.1111/j.1439-0388.2009.00832.x
885:Sponenberg, Dan Phillip (2003).
333:Still other registries, such as
316:American Paint Horse Association
50:dark brown body coat with black
1343:from the original on 2008-09-05
1241:
1145:
775:(6). Springer-Verlag: 450–455.
573:The phenotypes associated with
857:
217:
1:
745:
532:Tyrosinase-related protein 1
7:
10:
2183:
2148:Category:Horse coat colors
2117:Endothelin receptor type B
2082:Equine coat color genetics
1316:10.1093/genetics/46.9.1143
445:Equine coat color genetics
438:
239:"Brown" but not seal brown
187:
2145:
2074:
2008:
1983:
1954:
1914:
1874:
1865:
1852:
1826:
1764:
1733:
1715:
1703:
1692:
1653:
1362:"Equine Testing Services"
1103:"What Color Is My Horse?"
932:(2 ed.). Macmillan.
889:(2 ed.). Blackwell.
470:A los colores del caballo
414:and the tan of a bay dun.
349:indicates a black horse,
320:Arabian Horse Association
106:
98:
90:
82:
74:
66:
61:
46:
38:
26:
21:
16:Hair coat color of horses
1513:). A jet black could be
1407:10.1093/genetics/39.1.35
441:Introduction to genetics
326:, black-pointed shades "
110:Not to be confused with
2137:Melanocortin 1 receptor
1020:"Colors & Markings"
659:Dark bay vs. seal brown
357:indicates dark bay and
668:
599:
542:gene, also called the
516:
436:
419:Genetics of seal brown
235:
199:
2075:Genetics and breeding
1916:Base color variations
1845:Lethal white syndrome
1533:exists in the horse."
1501:is present (that is,
1047:"Coat Color Genetics"
887:Equine Color Genetics
781:10.1007/s003350020017
666:
593:
510:
456:gene, given the name
426:
233:
227:" in some languages.
208:Equine Color Genetics
197:
1297:"The Palomino Horse"
1153:"La famille du noir"
594:Faded black horses (
343:Appaloosa Horse Club
302:Seal browns on paper
33:A seal brown gelding
1386:Castle, WE (1954).
1224:Dun Central Station
1159:on August 27, 2012.
871:on August 23, 2014.
566:. Mutations in the
382:. Sometimes called
365:Related coat colors
2046:Primitive markings
1647:Equine coat colors
669:
600:
517:
498:Przewalski's horse
437:
408:primitive markings
287:primitive markings
236:
200:
2167:Horse coat colors
2154:
2153:
2004:
2003:
1950:
1949:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1766:double dilution:
1735:single dilution:
1266:10.1111/age.12881
997:. The Jockey Club
523:Agouti genotype.
490:coat affected by
482:Black and pangaré
190:Equine coat color
117:
116:
2174:
2041:Point coloration
1984:Roaning patterns
1924:
1872:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1810:
1752:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1698:
1687:
1676:
1655:Base coat colors
1640:
1633:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1543:
1534:
1505:is epistatic to
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1418:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1327:
1310:(9): 1143–1150.
1301:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:on March 5, 2009
1226:. Archived from
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1199:Champagne Colors
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1155:. Archived from
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1002:
987:
978:
977:
975:
973:
953:
944:
943:
931:
921:
910:
907:
901:
900:
882:
873:
872:
867:. Archived from
861:
855:
854:
847:
838:
837:
810:
801:
800:
769:Mammalian Genome
763:
527:Tyrosinase-brown
337:which registers
308:breed registries
140:breed registries
52:point coloration
31:
19:
18:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2141:
2070:
2000:
1979:
1966:
1956:Leopard complex
1946:
1925:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1859:
1857:
1848:
1822:
1801:
1782:
1760:
1747:(also known as
1746:
1711:
1699:
1690:
1682:
1671:(also known as
1670:
1649:
1644:
1614:
1613:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1575:
1544:
1537:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1254:Animal Genetics
1246:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1000:
998:
989:
988:
981:
971:
969:
962:Hippo-Logistics
954:
947:
940:
922:
913:
908:
904:
897:
883:
876:
863:
862:
858:
849:
848:
841:
811:
804:
764:
753:
748:
730:, also written
661:
634:Extension-brown
588:
529:
484:
466:
447:
421:
390:Sable champagne
367:
335:The Jockey Club
322:labels all non-
304:
241:
220:
192:
186:
124:hair coat color
42:Dark bay, brown
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2180:
2170:
2169:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1884:Splashed white
1875:
1869:
1867:Pinto patterns
1860:
1855:Horse markings
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1835:Dominant white
1832:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1741:
1734:
1728:
1719:
1717:Dilution genes
1713:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1677:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1597:
1583:
1573:
1554:(6): 415–424.
1535:
1474:
1449:
1440:
1430:
1378:
1353:
1287:
1260:(1): 137–140.
1240:
1211:
1186:
1162:
1144:
1119:
1094:
1069:
1038:
1011:
979:
956:B. Kostelnik.
945:
938:
911:
902:
895:
874:
856:
839:
802:
750:
749:
747:
744:
709:countershading
690:countershading
660:
657:
604:Friesian horse
587:
584:
528:
525:
483:
480:
465:
462:
420:
417:
416:
415:
397:
394:champagne gene
387:
375:Brown Buckskin
366:
363:
353:is bay, while
303:
300:
299:
298:
294:Silver dapples
290:
278:
270:
269:
268:
253:
240:
237:
219:
216:
185:
184:Identification
182:
174:liver chestnut
115:
114:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
59:
58:
48:
44:
43:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2179:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Bend-Or spots
2014:
2013:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1819:Silver dapple
1817:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1607:
1601:
1593:
1587:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1444:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1368:on 2009-05-22
1367:
1363:
1357:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1176:
1175:Morgan Colors
1172:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1134:on 2008-09-30
1133:
1129:
1123:
1109:on 2008-05-14
1108:
1104:
1098:
1084:on 2009-01-22
1083:
1079:
1078:"Coat Colors"
1073:
1059:on 2009-02-06
1055:
1048:
1042:
1035:
1021:
1015:
1008:
996:
992:
991:"Color Guide"
986:
984:
967:
963:
959:
952:
950:
941:
939:0-7167-1811-1
935:
930:
929:
920:
918:
916:
906:
898:
896:0-8138-0759-X
892:
888:
881:
879:
870:
866:
860:
852:
846:
844:
836:
834:
833:black and tan
830:
826:
822:
816:
809:
807:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
762:
760:
758:
756:
751:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
697:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
665:
656:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
597:
592:
583:
581:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:. In humans,
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
534:(TYRP1) is a
533:
524:
522:
514:
509:
505:
503:
499:
495:
494:
489:
479:
477:
476:
471:
461:
459:
455:
450:
446:
442:
434:
430:
429:black and tan
425:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
395:
391:
388:
385:
381:
377:
376:
372:
371:
370:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:Thoroughbreds
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
296:
295:
291:
288:
284:
283:
279:
276:
275:
271:
266:
262:
261:
259:
258:
254:
251:
250:
246:
245:
244:
232:
228:
226:
225:black and tan
215:
211:
209:
205:
196:
191:
181:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
83:Mane and tail
81:
77:
75:Head and Legs
73:
69:
65:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2132:STX17 (Gray)
2092:Horse genome
1974:Knabstrupper
1967:
1964:Varnish roan
1858:and patterns
1840:Sabino-white
1805:
1804:Blue dun or
1684:
1605:
1600:
1591:
1586:
1576:
1551:
1547:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1466:. Retrieved
1461:
1452:
1443:
1433:
1401:(1): 35–44.
1398:
1394:
1381:
1370:. Retrieved
1366:the original
1356:
1345:. Retrieved
1307:
1303:
1290:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:the original
1223:
1214:
1203:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:
1165:
1157:the original
1147:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:the original
1122:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:the original
1097:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:the original
1072:
1061:. Retrieved
1054:the original
1041:
1033:
1027:. Retrieved
1014:
1005:
999:. Retrieved
994:
970:. Retrieved
961:
927:
905:
886:
869:the original
859:
832:
828:
824:
820:
818:
814:
772:
768:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
713:
698:
694:
681:
677:
670:
652:
648:
646:
641:
637:
633:
631:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
608:
601:
595:
579:
574:
572:
567:
559:
547:
543:
539:
530:
520:
518:
512:
491:
485:
473:
469:
467:
457:
451:
448:
432:
428:
399:
389:
383:
373:
368:
359:schwarzbraun
358:
354:
350:
346:
332:
305:
292:
280:
272:
255:
247:
242:
221:
212:
207:
201:
178:black points
168:The similar
167:
158:
148:
119:
118:
2087:Color breed
1942:Tricoloured
1919:(primarily
1779:Smoky cream
1756:Smoky black
502:Exmoor Pony
384:smoky brown
355:dunkelbraun
218:Terminology
107:Other notes
47:Description
1921:UK English
1802:(see also
1749:Isabelline
1685:Seal brown
1468:2009-03-16
1372:2009-05-26
1347:2008-03-04
1234:2009-03-15
1205:2009-03-15
1180:2009-03-15
1171:"Buckskin"
1138:2009-03-14
1128:"Glossary"
1113:2009-03-14
1088:2009-03-01
1063:2009-03-01
1029:2009-03-01
1001:2009-03-01
746:References
439:See also:
380:cream gene
265:sooty gene
188:See also:
155:non-agouti
120:Seal brown
56:bay horses
22:Seal Brown
2066:Tiger eye
1970:Appaloosa
1968:See also
1794:Champagne
1683:included
1282:208034608
928:The Horse
724:Extension
720:Extension
701:sootiness
692:factors.
653:Extension
611:Extension
556:mutations
400:Brown dun
62:Phenotype
2161:Category
2112:KIT gene
2097:Wildtype
2061:Mushroom
1996:Rabicano
1937:Skewbald
1769:Cremello
1744:Palomino
1739:Buckskin
1668:Chestnut
1568:19912415
1425:17247465
1395:Genetics
1338:Archived
1334:13877241
1304:Genetics
1274:31729778
1007:present.
966:Archived
789:11353392
726:allele (
673:Dark Bay
564:Albinism
475:Genetics
404:dun gene
306:Not all
274:Buckskin
249:Chestnut
204:dark bay
170:dark bay
163:DNA test
144:dark bay
39:Variants
2102:Melanin
2036:Pangaré
2026:Cropout
2021:Brindle
1932:Piebald
1901:Tobiano
1774:Perlino
1604:Rieder
1590:Rieder
1416:1209634
1325:1210264
1195:"Sable"
972:Nov 19,
958:"Brown"
797:2012676
613:locus:
558:in the
536:protein
513:pangaré
493:pangaré
112:pangare
2107:Agouti
2056:Flaxen
1906:Tovero
1894:Sabino
1806:Grullo
1673:Sorrel
1606:et al.
1592:et al.
1566:
1423:
1413:
1332:
1322:
1280:
1272:
936:
893:
825:Agouti
821:Agouti
795:
787:
740:Agouti
705:dorsal
623:Agouti
454:agouti
412:grulla
136:stifle
132:points
128:horses
2051:Sooty
2031:Liver
2009:Other
1889:Frame
1879:Overo
1828:White
1814:Pearl
1726:Cream
1663:Black
1391:(PDF)
1341:(PDF)
1300:(PDF)
1278:S2CID
1057:(PDF)
1050:(PDF)
1023:(PDF)
793:S2CID
686:sooty
671:Both
580:TYRP1
575:TYRP1
568:TYRP1
560:TYRP1
552:locus
544:brown
540:TYRP1
488:black
351:braun
347:rappe
324:black
206:. In
149:Like
122:is a
102:Brown
94:Black
86:Black
78:Black
2127:PAX3
2122:MITF
1991:Roan
1972:and
1709:Gray
1704:Gray
1564:PMID
1527:E_aa
1523:E_aa
1519:E_A_
1515:E_aa
1509:and
1421:PMID
1330:PMID
1270:PMID
974:2021
934:ISBN
891:ISBN
831:for
785:PMID
649:MC1R
443:and
341:and
314:and
161:. A
99:Eyes
91:Skin
67:Body
1799:Dun
1680:Bay
1556:doi
1552:126
1525:or
1521:or
1517:or
1497:or
1411:PMC
1403:doi
1320:PMC
1312:doi
1262:doi
777:doi
736:E/E
732:E/E
728:E/e
688:or
682:A/a
680:or
678:A/A
651:or
596:a/a
521:a/a
330:."
328:bay
282:Dun
257:Bay
151:bay
126:of
2163::
1562:.
1550:.
1538:^
1460:.
1419:.
1409:.
1399:39
1397:.
1393:.
1336:.
1328:.
1318:.
1308:46
1306:.
1302:.
1276:.
1268:.
1258:51
1256:.
1252:.
1222:.
1197:.
1173:.
1032:.
1004:.
993:.
982:^
964:.
960:.
948:^
914:^
877:^
842:^
805:^
791:.
783:.
773:12
771:.
754:^
742:.
550:)
1923:)
1809:)
1751:)
1675:)
1639:e
1632:t
1625:v
1570:.
1558::
1531:E
1511:a
1507:A
1503:E
1499:a
1495:A
1491:E
1487:A
1483:E
1471:.
1427:.
1405::
1375:.
1350:.
1314::
1284:.
1264::
1237:.
1208:.
1183:.
1141:.
1116:.
1091:.
1066:.
976:.
942:.
899:.
853:.
829:A
799:.
779::
716:a
642:E
638:E
636:(
627:A
625:(
619:E
615:E
548:b
546:(
458:a
435:.
433:a
289:.
267:.
159:A
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
