80:
509:
31:
91:-based horses sooty often has a relatively uniform appearance, unlike the top-down countershading seen on bays. This may indicate that it is caused by a different genetic mechanism. Sootiness can add black hairs to chestnut horses, even though their nonextension genotype is expected to prevent black pigment. Chestnut horses with black hairs from sooty are one of the groups called
294:"Pferdezucht: Genetische Tests fĂĽr die Fellfarben Fuchs, Braun und Schwarz. Ergebnisse einer ersten Untersuchung in der Schweizer Freibergerpferderasse [Horse breeding: genetic tests for the coat colors chestnut, bay and black. Results from a preliminary study in the Swiss Freiberger horse breed]"
281:
Silvers 1979. "ellow mice are often characterized...by variable degrees of sootiness. In some animals the sootiness is confined to a mid-dorsal streak, in others this streak is wider, covering the entire back and sometimes the flanks, so that only the belly is phenotypically "yellow." This situation
137:
Rarely, a horse may be born with a reddish color similar to bay foals and darken over a few years to a solid brownish black or sometimes jet-black appearance. This is sometimes seen in
Arabians, and rarely in other breeds such as Appaloosas. Sponenberg & Bellone call this trait "dominant black"
111:, sunflower seeds, and alfalfa. Foods high in protein, fat, vitamin A, and trace minerals such as copper, iron, and selenium are also believed to darken the coat. Feeds which tend to keep the coat lighter include grass hays, wheat or oat chaff, and white grains such as oats, barley, or
95:, with the other liver chestnuts being those of a very deep dark red shade. The darkest sooty chestnut horses can look nearly black and are sometimes called "black chestnut". Sootiness on chestnuts tends to avoid the lower leg, which helps to distinguish a black chestnut horse from a
149:, and do not have the lighter coat of a dun. Some consider this a type of sooty. It was long known that the dun locus had at least two alleles, but research in 2015 discovered a third allele named non-dun 1, which is responsible for this stripe.
99:
one. When there is unevenness to the sooty pattern on a chestnut-based coat, it's fairly common for the lower parts to be darker than the upper side, though the reverse is also possible. Sooty chestnut-based horses may also show dapples.
138:
and discuss it in a separate chapter from sooty. These horses are phenotypically black but currently known genetics cannot distinguish them from bay, so some breeders refer to the color as "black bay".
72:. This darkens the top side of the horse, sometimes turning the back, croup, and shoulder almost black, while leaving the underside of the horse redder. At its darkest, this effect may be confused with
53:
is characterized by black or darker hairs mixed into a horse's coat, typically concentrated along the topline of the horse and less prevalent on the underparts. The effect is especially pronounced on
293:
76:, while in minimal forms the dark hairs may not be noticed. Dapples of red often appear within the dark region. Many horses with the sooty trait have a darker mask on the bony parts of the face.
61:. Sootiness is believed to be an inherited trait involving multiple genes, however the details are not yet known. Horses without any visible sooty coloration are termed "clear-coated."
103:
Certain feeds tend to darken or lighten the coat in individuals genetically inclined towards smuttiness. Feeds likely to darken the coat include molasses,
450:
118:
Although this trait has been called the "sooty gene", similar coat-darkening conditions studied in mice suggest that coat darkening is a
929:
417:
327:
122:
trait. Just as in horses, the degree of sootiness in mice varies widely; some individuals have darker hairs that form a
178:
591:
586:
581:
260:
443:
351:"Regulatory mutations in TBX3 disrupt asymmetric hair pigmentation that underlies Dun camouflage color in horses"
919:
126:
line, while others have extensive sootiness throughout. A statistical analysis of 1,369 offspring of five
436:
979:
960:
894:
17:
227:
83:
A sooty palomino. Dark areas are more evenly spread out across the body than on the buckskin above.
949:
392:
349:
Imsland F, McGowan K, Rubin CJ, Henegar C, Sundström E, Berglund J, et al. (February 2016).
282:
is due to the admixture of hairs possessing significant amounts of eumelanin to the yellow fur."
868:
88:
701:
657:
8:
754:
561:
858:
631:
497:
375:
350:
158:
142:
467:
459:
380:
305:
256:
50:
853:
551:
370:
362:
123:
54:
35:
508:
79:
768:
480:
115:, but it is important to ensure the horse still obtains all essential nutrients.
112:
421:
696:
667:
647:
606:
485:
292:
Henner, J; Poncet PA; Aebi L; Hagger C; Stranzinger G; Rieder S (August 2002).
92:
69:
323:
973:
873:
843:
828:
640:
529:
250:
186:
38:
shows a dark face mask and the concentration of dark hairs along the topline
904:
803:
786:
776:
706:
652:
521:
384:
309:
393:"A horse of a different color: Genetics of camouflage and the dun pattern"
252:
The Coat Colors of Mice: A Model for
Mammalian Gene Action and Interaction
130:
stallions indicated that darker shades of chestnut and bay might follow a
899:
679:
568:
492:
475:
96:
733:
626:
538:
127:
73:
848:
27:
Trait characterized by black or darker hairs mixed into a horse's coat
909:
878:
782:
428:
131:
119:
65:
366:
944:
808:
749:
611:
556:
146:
58:
914:
838:
833:
744:
713:
104:
718:
616:
924:
691:
291:
108:
939:
934:
30:
348:
68:-based horses, the most common type of sooty is black
228:"The Lowdown on Smutting in Horses of Certain Colors"
415:
212:Sponenberg, D. Phillip; Bellone, Rebecca (2017).
211:
971:
207:
205:
203:
220:
444:
200:
275:
451:
437:
342:
242:
171:
374:
285:
216:. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 36–38, 46–47.
78:
29:
248:
14:
972:
458:
432:
145:as seen on duns, but do not have the
537:
214:Equine Color Genetics Fourth Edition
399:(Press release). December 21, 2015.
230:. Kentucky Equine Research Equinews
24:
25:
991:
409:
330:from the original on Aug 13, 2022
507:
316:
13:
1:
164:
7:
249:Silvers, Willys K. (1979).
152:
10:
996:
961:Category:Horse coat colors
930:Endothelin receptor type B
895:Equine coat color genetics
958:
887:
821:
796:
767:
727:
687:
678:
665:
639:
577:
546:
528:
516:
505:
466:
416:Dan Phillip Sponenberg.
326:. AQHA. April 10, 2018.
141:Some horses have a dark
950:Melanocortin 1 receptor
298:Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd
418:"Horse Color Genetics"
324:"Coat-Color Modifiers"
185:. 2003. Archived from
84:
39:
888:Genetics and breeding
729:Base color variations
658:Lethal white syndrome
134:mode of inheritance.
82:
33:
255:. Springer Verlag.
859:Primitive markings
460:Equine coat colors
159:Seal brown (horse)
128:Franches-Montagnes
85:
40:
980:Horse coat colors
967:
966:
817:
816:
763:
762:
603:
602:
599:
598:
579:double dilution:
548:single dilution:
16:(Redirected from
987:
854:Point coloration
797:Roaning patterns
737:
685:
684:
676:
675:
623:
565:
544:
543:
535:
534:
511:
500:
489:
468:Base coat colors
453:
446:
439:
430:
429:
425:
420:. Archived from
403:
400:
388:
378:
346:
340:
339:
337:
335:
320:
314:
313:
289:
283:
279:
273:
272:
270:
269:
246:
240:
239:
237:
235:
224:
218:
217:
209:
198:
197:
195:
194:
175:
51:horse coat color
21:
995:
994:
990:
989:
988:
986:
985:
984:
970:
969:
968:
963:
954:
883:
813:
792:
779:
769:Leopard complex
759:
738:
731:
730:
723:
672:
670:
661:
635:
614:
595:
573:
560:(also known as
559:
524:
512:
503:
495:
484:(also known as
483:
462:
457:
412:
407:
406:
391:
367:10.1038/ng.3475
355:Nature Genetics
347:
343:
333:
331:
322:
321:
317:
290:
286:
280:
276:
267:
265:
263:
247:
243:
233:
231:
226:
225:
221:
210:
201:
192:
190:
177:
176:
172:
167:
155:
113:wheat middlings
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
993:
983:
982:
965:
964:
959:
956:
955:
953:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
891:
889:
885:
884:
882:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
825:
823:
819:
818:
815:
814:
812:
811:
806:
800:
798:
794:
793:
791:
790:
773:
771:
765:
764:
761:
760:
758:
757:
752:
747:
741:
739:
728:
725:
724:
722:
721:
716:
711:
710:
709:
704:
699:
697:Splashed white
688:
682:
680:Pinto patterns
673:
668:Horse markings
666:
663:
662:
660:
655:
650:
648:Dominant white
645:
643:
637:
636:
634:
629:
624:
609:
604:
601:
600:
597:
596:
594:
589:
584:
578:
575:
574:
572:
571:
566:
554:
547:
541:
532:
530:Dilution genes
526:
525:
520:
518:
514:
513:
506:
504:
502:
501:
490:
478:
472:
470:
464:
463:
456:
455:
448:
441:
433:
427:
426:
424:on 2008-05-16.
411:
410:External links
408:
405:
404:
402:
401:
341:
315:
284:
274:
261:
241:
219:
199:
169:
168:
166:
163:
162:
161:
154:
151:
93:liver chestnut
70:countershading
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
992:
981:
978:
977:
975:
962:
957:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
890:
886:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
829:Bend-Or spots
827:
826:
824:
820:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
799:
795:
789:
788:
784:
778:
775:
774:
772:
770:
766:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
740:
735:
726:
720:
717:
715:
712:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
683:
681:
677:
674:
669:
664:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
642:
638:
633:
632:Silver dapple
630:
628:
625:
621:
620:
613:
610:
608:
605:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
576:
570:
567:
563:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
545:
542:
540:
536:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
499:
494:
491:
487:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
471:
469:
465:
461:
454:
449:
447:
442:
440:
435:
434:
431:
423:
419:
414:
413:
398:
394:
390:
389:
386:
382:
377:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
345:
329:
325:
319:
311:
307:
304:(8): 405–12.
303:
299:
295:
288:
278:
264:
262:0-387-90367-4
258:
254:
253:
245:
229:
223:
215:
208:
206:
204:
189:on 2008-02-24
188:
184:
180:
174:
170:
160:
157:
156:
150:
148:
144:
143:dorsal stripe
139:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
101:
98:
94:
90:
81:
77:
75:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
49:
45:
37:
32:
19:
945:STX17 (Gray)
905:Horse genome
863:
787:Knabstrupper
780:
777:Varnish roan
671:and patterns
653:Sabino-white
618:
617:Blue dun or
422:the original
397:ScienceDaily
396:
361:(2): 152–8.
358:
354:
344:
332:. Retrieved
318:
301:
297:
287:
277:
266:. Retrieved
251:
244:
232:. Retrieved
222:
213:
191:. Retrieved
187:the original
183:Equine Color
182:
173:
140:
136:
117:
102:
86:
63:
47:
43:
41:
900:Color breed
755:Tricoloured
732:(primarily
592:Smoky cream
569:Smoky black
179:"Modifiers"
34:This sooty
734:UK English
615:(see also
562:Isabelline
498:Seal brown
268:2009-05-14
193:2008-03-05
165:References
74:seal brown
18:Sooty gene
879:Tiger eye
783:Appaloosa
781:See also
607:Champagne
496:included
334:March 23,
234:March 23,
132:recessive
120:polygenic
59:palominos
55:buckskins
974:Category
925:KIT gene
910:Wildtype
874:Mushroom
809:Rabicano
750:Skewbald
582:Cremello
557:Palomino
552:Buckskin
481:Chestnut
385:26691985
328:Archived
310:12224446
153:See also
147:dun gene
89:chestnut
36:buckskin
915:Melanin
849:Pangaré
839:Cropout
834:Brindle
745:Piebald
714:Tobiano
587:Perlino
376:4731265
105:linseed
920:Agouti
869:Flaxen
719:Tovero
707:Sabino
619:Grullo
486:Sorrel
383:
373:
308:
259:
124:dorsal
48:smutty
864:Sooty
844:Liver
822:Other
702:Frame
692:Overo
641:White
627:Pearl
539:Cream
476:Black
109:copra
97:black
44:sooty
940:PAX3
935:MITF
804:Roan
785:and
522:Gray
517:Gray
381:PMID
336:2024
306:PMID
257:ISBN
236:2024
57:and
612:Dun
493:Bay
371:PMC
363:doi
302:144
87:On
66:bay
64:On
46:or
976::
395:.
379:.
369:.
359:48
357:.
353:.
300:.
296:.
202:^
181:.
107:,
42:A
736:)
622:)
564:)
488:)
452:e
445:t
438:v
387:.
365::
338:.
312:.
271:.
238:.
196:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
