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An organization known as the Hunter
Patriots was formed to assist the rebellion. Organized in secret neo-Masonic lodges, and with widespread support in the northern border states from Vermont to Wisconsin, the Patriot Hunters aimed to invade Canada and lead an army of insurgent Canadians against the
504:
Early in the morning of
November 12, a force of about 250 men attempted to land in Prescott. However, the British had infiltrated the Hunter organization, and had advance warning of the attack. With the element of surprise gone, and with the town militia ready to repel a landing, the Hunter forces
521:
The windmill was built of thick stone and stood 60 feet (18 m) high on top of a 30-foot (9.1 m) bluff. Although the attackers had not planned to use the structure, it provided an ideal fortified position. Its height prevented the
British forces from approaching unobserved, and its thick
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Later in the morning, Bill
Johnston, Admiral of the Hunter navy, arrived and freed the stranded vessels, which then ran downriver to Windmill Point, a promontory located approximately two miles east of Prescott. Here, most of the Hunter forces landed to occupy the hamlet of Newport and its most
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Heavy artillery from
Kingston, as well as sizeable detachments of British Army regulars, Canadian militia and U.S. Army regulars, tried to strengthen the Canadian forces. An artillery bombardment of the windmill was conducted on November 16 as they had been reinforced by four companies of the
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The next several days were a standoff. As time passed, von
Schoultz's position became desperate. Promised reinforcements and supplies never arrived as the United States Navy aided the Royal Navy in blocking egress from Ogdensburg. Law enforcement and military officials in Ogdensburg secured
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prominent feature, a large, stone windmill building that enjoyed a panoramic view of the St. Lawrence River as far west as
Brockville and eastwards over the Gallop Rapids. The commanders of the Hunters appointed a Swedish immigrant with some military experience,
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After a rebellion by disaffected Upper
Canadians was suppressed in 1837, the majority of the rebel leaders fled to the United States. Popular sentiment in the States held that Canadians were eager to overthrow British rule and form a
488:, a British military fortification that commanded the St. Lawrence River and was serving as a fortified depot for the Upper Canadian militia. To initiate the strike, a large group of Hunters assembled in
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stone walls were impervious to small arms and to small field and naval artillery. Early on the morning of 13 November, a force under the command of the militia officers
Colonel Plomer Young, Colonel
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British colonial government. In reality, much of the
Canadian population was loyal to existing British institutions and decidedly against the prospects of revolution or invasion.
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in civilian vessels. Overall military command of the invading forces was held by John Birge, a senior member of the Hunter organization in New York state.
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In November 1838, a group of Hunter Patriots decided that it was time to invade Canada and restart the rebellion. They chose as their target the town of
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448:. Loyalist forces of the Upper Canadian government and American troops, aided by the Royal Navy and U.S. Navy, defeated an invasion attempt by a
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abandoned the landing. Their vessels ran aground on a mud flat where the Oswegatchie River flows into the St. Lawrence off Ogdensburg.
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blocked the Hunters from escaping, and Hunter casualties mounted, so von Schoultz unconditionally surrendered.
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In the aftermath of the battle, almost all of the Hunters were captured and were transported to
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available vessels, and most of the prominent Hunter leaders fled from town to avoid arrest.
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lost 3 men killed and 7 men wounded. The Hunters suffered about 18 killed and some wounded.
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Bonthius, Andrew (2003). "The Patriot War of 1837–1838: Locofocoism With a Gun?".
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Bonthius, Andrew (2003). "The Patriot War of 1837–1838: Locofocoism With a Gun?".
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Bonthius, Andrew (2003). "The Patriot War of 1837–1838: Locofocoism With a Gun?".
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and approximately 600 Canadian militiamen, including the Grenville Militia,
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The "Battle of the Windmill" is also a fictional battle in the book
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Guns Across the River: The Battle of the Windmill, 1838
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Guns Across the River: The Battle of the Windmill, 1838
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for trial. Eleven people, including the Hunter leader
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and comprising a handful of British infantry from the
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was fought in November 1838 in the aftermath of the
484:downriver from Kingston. Prescott is the site of
798:"The Battle of the Windmill: A soldier's version"
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1169:History of Leeds and Grenville United Counties
892:Canadian National Parks site on Windmill Point
599:, were executed; another 60 were sentenced to
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632:Battle of the Windmill National Historic Site
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615:in 1867 and Canada's first prime minister.
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780:"Remembering the Battle of the Windmill"
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618:The site of the battle was designated a
579:gunboats and steamers, and ships of the
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60:November 12 – November 16, 1838
875:Canadian Register of Historic Places
469:patterned after the American model.
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532:Captain George Greenfield Macdonell
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928:National Historic Sites of Canada
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620:National Historic Site of Canada
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452:para-military unit based in the
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76:- 2 miles (3.2 km) east of
48:as seen from the American shore.
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426:Final battle of the Patriot War
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42:Contemporary engraving of the
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118:Anglo-American victory;
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870:Battle of the Windmill
858:Battle of the Windmill
637:Upper Canada Rebellion
446:Upper Canada Rebellion
442:Battle of the Windmill
328:William Lyon Mackenzie
308:Upper Canada Rebellion
290:Upper Canada Rebellion
220:1,133 Canadian militia
179:Commanders and leaders
45:Battle of the Windmill
19:Battle of the Windmill
1043:Northwest Territories
552:Dundas County Militia
237:Casualties and losses
194:Richard Duncan Fraser
1159:1838 in Upper Canada
1154:November 1838 events
1005:Prince Edward Island
802:Recorder & Times
784:Recorder & Times
222:500 British regulars
648:Graves, Donald E. (
321:Montgomery's Tavern
213:250 Hunter invaders
99:44.7209°N 75.4871°W
95: /
1101:History portal
536:Colonel Ogle Gowan
482:St. Lawrence River
353:Anthony Van Egmond
30:Rebellions of 1837
1164:Conflicts in 1838
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1113:Canada portal
817:Labour/Le Travail
726:Labour/Le Travail
683:Labour/Le Travail
609:John A. Macdonald
597:Nils von Schoultz
548:Glengarry Militia
511:Nils von Schoultz
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415:Nils von Schoultz
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185:Nils von Schoultz
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161:Upper Canada
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24:Part of the
1124:WikiProject
1036:Territories
1020:Quebec City
968:Nova Scotia
930:by location
433:Animal Farm
388:Short Hills
362:Patriot War
343:Jesse Lloyd
295:Patriot War
102: /
26:Patriot War
1143:Categories
668:References
652:) (2001).
577:Royal Navy
526:, Colonel
494:Ogdensburg
460:Background
251:60 wounded
244:61 wounded
224:Royal Navy
90:75°29′14″W
87:44°43′15″N
936:Provinces
845:142863197
823:: 10–11.
754:142863197
732:: 10–11.
711:142863197
689:: 10–11.
622:in 1920.
605:Australia
587:Aftermath
581:U.S. navy
232:U.S. Navy
230:U.S. Army
227:American:
1088:Category
1015:Montreal
983:Kingston
978:Hamilton
953:Manitoba
837:25149383
746:25149383
703:25149383
626:See also
593:Kingston
478:Prescott
467:republic
393:Windmill
371:Caroline
217:British:
208:Strength
65:Location
1048:Nunavut
998:Toronto
988:Niagara
973:Ontario
943:Alberta
378:Windsor
249:17 dead
242:53 dead
74:Ontario
1069:France
1010:Quebec
993:Ottawa
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115:Result
1053:Yukon
841:S2CID
833:JSTOR
750:S2CID
742:JSTOR
707:S2CID
699:JSTOR
658:ISBN
440:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
