655:
which gave them some cover, and attempted to engage some of the
British troops: but fire from those troops kept them off the road and fire from some of the ships in the river kept them from the shore. St. Clair and a number of men made it back to the landing site, only to find it occupied by the British troops. Only by returning to the swampy woods and continuing to flee upriver did these men escape capture at that time. Wayne eventually managed to form a rear guard of about 800 men, which attempted an attack on the British position; but they were driven back into the woods. Wayne then led a staggered retreat, in which companies of men slipped away, with the woods giving cover to hide their true numbers.
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allowing most of the
Americans to escape, either because he did not want to deal with large numbers of prisoners or because he wanted to demoralize the Americans further. A significant number of Americans did not make it that far, and were captured. These included General Thompson and seventeen of his officers. It was not until June 13 that the British finished rounding up the stragglers. In all, 236 captives were taken. Brendan Morrissey says that about 30 Americans were killed in the battle, while Howard Peckham gives a figure of 50 Americans killed.
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616:
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local farmer, to guide the men to Trois-Rivières. Gautier proceeded, apparently intentionally, to lead the
American army into a swampy morass from which it took them hours to extricate themselves. In the meantime, the British, having been alerted to the American presence, proceeded to land troops from the fleet and formed battle lines on the road outside the village. Ships were also sent up to Pointe du Lac, where they drove the American guards there to flee across the river with most of the boats.
687:
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671:, where they crossed over to Sorel. Some did not return until June 11. Sullivan, who counted 2,500 effective troops under his command, at first wanted to make a stand at Sorel, but smallpox, desertions, and word that the British fleet was again under sail to come upriver convinced him it was time to retreat. By June 17, the Continental Army had left the province; but not before it had attempted to burn Montreal, as well as destroying
1654:
1630:
144:
583:, a decision was reached to make a stand at Deschambault, between Trois-Rivières and Quebec. This decision was reached based on sketchy reports and rumors of the British troop strengths and was dominated by the non-military Congressional representatives. Thomas contracted smallpox on May 21, from which he died on June 2. He was briefly replaced by Brigadier General
624:
678:
Carleton ordered most of the
British army to sail upriver toward Sorel on June 9, but they did not actually leave until he joined them on June 13. A detachment of 1200 men under Fraser marched up the northern shore toward Berthier and Montreal. The British fleet arrived at Sorel late on the 14th; the
721:
During the
American retreat from Quebec, and in this battle, wounded soldiers were treated at the Ursuline convent in Trois-Rivières. Congress never authorized payment for these services and the convent has retained the bill. By the early 21st century, the original bill of about £26 was estimated to
456:
After a brief exchange between an established
British line and American troops emerging from the swamp, the Americans broke into a somewhat disorganized retreat. As some avenues of retreat were cut off, the British took a sizable number of prisoners, including General Thompson and much of his staff.
639:
The
American crossing had been seen by a local militia captain, who rushed to the British camp at Trois-Rivières and reported to General Fraser. Thompson left 250 men to guard the landing and headed the rest towards Trois-Rivières. Unfamiliar with the local terrain, he convinced Antoine Gautier, a
658:
General
Carleton arrived in Trois-Rivières late in the action. A detachment of British forces led by Major Grant had taken control of a bridge over the Rivière-du-Loup, a critical crossing for the Americans retreating along the north shore of the Saint Lawrence. Carleton ordered Grant to withdraw,
455:
The crossing of the Saint
Lawrence by the American troops was observed by Quebec militia, who alerted British troops at Trois-Rivières. A local farmer led the Americans into a swamp, enabling the British to land additional forces in the village, and to establish positions behind the American army.
41:
654:
fared only a little better, arriving out of the swamp only to face Fraser's formation. A brief exchange of fire took place: but the
Americans, clearly outmatched by Fraser's forces, broke and ran, leaving arms and supplies behind. Portions of the American force retreated to the edge of the woods,
756:
It is impossible to accurately gauge how many British troops actually participated in the action. There were more than 1,000 on the ground when they were alerted to the American presence; it is unknown how many were disembarked from the ships in assistance. For example,
602:
toward Trois-Rivières with the goal of surprising and beating back the small British force believed to be there. Sullivan, on his arrival at Sorel, immediately dispatched Thompson with an additional 1,600 men to follow. These forces caught up with St. Clair at
569:
led more forces to Trois-Rivières on June 2. By June 7, the forces on the ground at Trois-Rivières had grown to nearly 1,000, and 25 ships carrying additional troops and supplies were anchored in the river near the village and for several miles upriver.
578:
Since Thomas's retreat was instigated by the early arrival of three ships of the fleet carrying only a few hundred troops, he was unaware of the true size of the British army. In a war council at Sorel on May 21, which included representatives of the
694:
The captives were treated quite generously by Carleton. Although the conditions of their imprisonment were not always good, he provided them with clothing, and eventually had all but the officers transported to New York and released.
564:
After the Americans' flight early in May, Carleton took no significant offensive steps but on May 22, he sent ships carrying elements of the 47th and 29th Foot to Trois-Rivières under Allan Maclean's command. Brigadier General
607:, where defenses against troop movements on the river were erected the next day. On the night of June 7, Thompson, St. Clair, and about 2,000 men crossed the river, landing at Pointe du Lac, a few miles above Trois-Rivières.
761:, p. 413 mentions that General Nesbitt landed "a strong force" at Pointe-du-Lac; none of the other major sources give any count, or clear indication of how many forces were landed to assist Fraser at Trois-Rivières.
679:
Americans had left there just that morning. Elements of the British army entered Montreal on June 17, and also arrived at Fort Saint-Jean in time to see the last Americans (the very last one reported to be
510:, then in command of the American forces, had already been making arrangements to retreat, but the British arrival threw his troops into a panic. He led a disorganized retreat that eventually reached
726:
was applied. On July 4, 2009, during festivities marking the town's 375th anniversary, American Consul-General David Fetter symbolically repaid the debt to the Ursulines with a payment of C$ 130.
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There are three plaques in the city of Trois-Rivières commemorating aspects of the battle. A plaque honouring the British participants was placed at the National Historic Site by the
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Throughout the month of May and into early June, ships carrying troops and war supplies continued to arrive at Quebec. By June 2, Carleton had added the
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This was the last battle of the war fought on Quebec soil. Following the defeat, the remainder of the American forces, under the command of
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ships sailed into Quebec Harbour. Troops on these ships were immediately sent into the city and, not long after, General
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in August 1985. The third plaque honours Antoine Gauthier for his role in misleading the American troops.
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On June 5, just hours before Sullivan's arrival, Thompson sent 600 troops under the command of Colonel
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Some of the Americans, led by Thompson, made their way out of the swamp to be confronted by
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Scattered fragments of the American army made their way overland on the northern shore to
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The Toll of Independence: Engagements & Battle Casualties of the American Revolution
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Allan Maclean, Jacobite General: The Life of an Eighteenth Century Career Soldier
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Cassell's Biographical Dictionary of the American War of Independence, 1763–1783
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714:. A plaque honouring the American dead was placed in the Parc Champlain by the
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formed them up and marched them out to the American siege camp. General
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Plaque memorializing the British forces in the Battle in Trois-Rivières
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and any boats of military value capable of navigating Lake Champlain.
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Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada
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be equivalent to between ten and twenty million Canadian dollars, if
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when he arrived on June 5 at Sorel with further reinforcements from
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40:
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Cécil, Pierre (March–April 2000). "La Bataille de Trois-Rivières".
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Detail of a 1781 map showing the area where this action took place
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valley. The battle occurred as a part of the American colonists'
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Plaque commemorating the site of the Battle of Trois-Rivières
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and the remnants of the army besieged Quebec until May 1776.
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in September 1775, suffered a severe blow in the disastrous
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Plaque commemorating Antoine Gautier's role in the battle.
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Battle of Trois-Rivières National Historic Site of Canada
1417:. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania–German Society.
1274:. Hook, Adam (trans.). Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
1257:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
1697:
Battles of the American Revolutionary War in Canada
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549:, to his command. Also arriving in the fleet were
703:A site near the Le Jeune bridge was designated a
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1229:(2). Société D'Histoire – Appartenance Mauricie.
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491:on New Year's Eve in 1775. Following that loss,
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1272:Quebec 1775: The American Invasion of Canada
1255:Canada and the American Revolution 1774–1783
1204:(in French). L'Hebdo Journal. Archived from
1200:Bourgoing-Alarie, Marie-Ève (July 4, 2009).
1074:
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712:Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada
707:in 1920 in order to commemorate the battle.
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820:"Battle of Three Rivers (Trois-Rivières)"
1297:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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16:Battle of the American Revolutionary War
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440:under the command of Brigadier General
420:was fought on June 8, 1776, during the
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436:defeated an attempt by units from the
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1316:. Canadian Geographic. Archived from
1314:"Trois-Rivières – A tale of tenacity"
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1414:Proceedings and Addresses, Volume 17
716:Daughters of the American Revolution
1707:Battles involving the United States
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1722:National Historic Sites in Quebec
1462:National Historic Sites of Canada
1371:. Vol. 1. Cincinnati, Ohio:
1185:. London: Cassell & Company.
444:to stop a British advance up the
1732:Battles of the Canadian campaign
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1640:
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1339:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
1312:Roy-Sole, Monique (April 2009).
705:National Historic Site of Canada
518:British forces at Trois-Rivières
277:National Historic Site of Canada
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1373:Robert Clarke & Company
1289:Peckham, Howard H. (1974).
1270:Morrissey, Brendan (2003).
581:Second Continental Congress
10:
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1727:Heritage sites in Mauricie
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1238:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
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1112:"Battle of Trois-Rivières"
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1717:History of Trois-Rivières
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1712:Battles involving Canada
1411:Hartley, Thomas (1908).
1392:Canada Invaded 1775–1776
1388:Stanley, George (1973).
1333:Smith, Justin H (1907).
418:Battle of Trois-Rivières
26:Battle of Trois-Rivières
1166:Bourgoing-Alarie (2009)
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463:, retreated, first to
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489:attack on Quebec City
254:Casualties and losses
149:1st Canadian Regiment
1539:Prince Edward Island
1396:. Toronto: Hakkert.
1368:The St. Clair Papers
1363:Smith, William Henry
446:Saint Lawrence River
1692:Conflicts in Quebec
826:. November 19, 2017
371:Arnold's expedition
93: /
1635:History portal
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1687:Conflicts in 1776
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1647:Canada portal
1403:978-0-88866-578-2
1281:978-1-84176-681-2
1245:978-1-55002-011-3
724:compound interest
543:regiments of foot
514:on about May 18.
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97:46.350°N 72.550°W
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1318:the original
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1206:the original
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1123:. Retrieved
1120:Parks Canada
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504:Guy Carleton
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434:Guy Carleton
426:British army
417:
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388:Saint-Pierre
266:
263:236 captured
259:30–50 killed
235:Simon Fraser
125:Belligerents
65:June 8, 1776
31:Part of the
18:
1658:WikiProject
1570:Territories
1554:Quebec City
1502:Nova Scotia
1464:by location
1023:, pp. 69–70
508:John Thomas
403:Valcour Bay
356:Ticonderoga
100: /
1676:Categories
1174:References
500:Royal Navy
475:Background
393:The Cedars
292:Designated
269:9 wounded
1470:Provinces
1324:March 25,
1263:814409890
1021:Morrissey
780:Morrissey
745:Morrissey
730:Footnotes
663:Aftermath
555:Brunswick
432:Governor
1622:Category
1549:Montreal
1517:Kingston
1512:Hamilton
1487:Manitoba
1212:July 13,
1155:Roy-sole
1125:March 5,
1101:, p. 142
1050:, p. 413
1038:, p. 414
996:, p. 144
984:, p. 127
972:, p. 128
919:, p. 411
907:, p. 139
895:, p. 125
871:, p. 126
859:, p. 108
809:, p. 416
669:Berthier
241:Strength
77:, Quebec
70:Location
1582:Nunavut
1532:Toronto
1522:Niagara
1507:Ontario
1477:Alberta
1423:1715275
1145:, p. 27
1084:Stanley
1069:Stanley
1011:, p. 99
1009:Hartley
994:Lanctot
982:Stanley
970:Stanley
955:, p. 18
943:, p. 17
929:Stanley
893:Stanley
869:Stanley
857:Stanley
845:Stanley
830:June 8,
782:, p. 70
747:, p. 69
605:Nicolet
267:8 dead,
196: (
88:72°33′W
85:46°21′N
1603:France
1544:Quebec
1527:Ottawa
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1381:817707
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1355:259236
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1223:Traces
1189:
699:Legacy
647:Martin
611:Battle
430:Quebec
428:under
376:Quebec
249:1,000+
160:
113:Result
1587:Yukon
1143:Cécil
1099:Fryer
1048:Smith
1036:Smith
917:Smith
905:Fryer
881:Smith
807:Smith
759:Smith
553:from
512:Sorel
246:2,000
51:Sorel
1419:OCLC
1398:ISBN
1377:OCLC
1351:OCLC
1341:ISBN
1326:2009
1299:ISBN
1276:ISBN
1259:OCLC
1240:ISBN
1214:2009
1187:ISBN
1127:2012
832:2019
645:HMS
540:60th
538:and
536:53rd
532:29th
528:20th
479:The
424:. A
416:The
382:1776
350:1775
295:1920
62:Date
49:and
524:9th
199:POW
1678::
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1349:.
1227:30
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
