938:'s 2nd Rhode Island Regiment, Brigadier General Solomon Lovell's brigade of Massachusetts militia, and Henry Brockholst Livingston's troops. Failing in a frontal attack, Greene sent his 1,500 men forward to try to turn Lossberg's right flank. Heavily outnumbered, Lossberg withdrew to the summit of Turkey Hill. By 3 p.m., Greene's wing was holding a stone wall three hundred paces from the foot of Turkey Hill. Towards evening, Greene attempted to cut off the Hessians on Lossberg's left flank, but Huyne's Hessians and Fanning's Provincials drove them off. This ended the battle, although some artillery fire went on through the night. The British suffered 260 casualties, of whom 128 were German.
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to surrender in just one or two days if the French remained to help, but d'Estaing refused. d'Estaing wrote that it was "difficult to persuade oneself that about six thousand men well entrenched and with a fort before which they had dug trenches could be taken either in twenty-four hours or in two days." Any thought of the French fleet remaining at
Newport was also opposed by d'Estaing's captains, with whom he had a difficult relationship due to his arrival in the navy at a high rank after service in the French army. The fleet sailed for Boston on August 22.
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61:
878:, sent by Sullivan, but he was nevertheless driven back to Quaker Hill. Then, with a German regiment threatening to outflank Quaker Hill itself, Livingston and Wigglesworth abandoned the hill and retreated all the way to Glover's lines. Smith made a probing attack but was repulsed by Glover's troops. "Seeing the strength of the American position, Smith decided against launching a major assault". This ended the fighting on the American left.
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council made the decision to withdraw to positions on the northern part of the island. Sullivan continued to seek French assistance, dispatching
Lafayette to Boston to negotiate further with d'Estaing, but this proved fruitless in the end. D'Estaing and Lafayette met fierce criticism in Boston, Lafayette remarking that "I am more upon a warlike footing in the American lines than when I came near the British lines at Newport."
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battle. The storm raged for two days and scattered both fleets, severely damaging the French flagship. It also frustrated
Sullivan's plans to attack Newport without French support on August 11. Sullivan began siege operations while awaiting the return of the French fleet, moving closer to the British lines on August 15 and opening trenches to the northeast of the fortified British line north of Newport the next day.
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destroyed carriages and wagons. The arriving French ships drove several of his supporting ships aground, which were burned to prevent their capture. As the French worked their way up the channel toward
Newport, Pigot ordered the remaining ships to be scuttled to hamper French access to Newport's harbor. On August 8, d'Estaing moved the bulk of his fleet into Newport Harbor.
690:, a Rhode Island native and reliable officer, to further bolster Sullivan's leadership corps on July 27. Sullivan had been regularly criticized in Congress for his performance in earlier battles, and Washington urged him to take counsel from Greene and Lafayette. Greene wrote to Sullivan on the matter and reinforced the need for a successful operation.
470:, but they had finally abandoned their siege and were withdrawing to the northern part of the island. The British forces then sortied, supported by recently arrived Royal Navy ships, and they attacked the retreating Americans. The battle ended inconclusively, but the Continental forces withdrew to the mainland and left Aquidneck Island in British hands.
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which he called d'Estaing's decision "derogatory to the honor of France", and he included further complaints in orders of the day that were later suppressed when tempers had cooled. American soldiers called the French decision a "desertion" and noted that the French forces "left us in a most
Rascally manner".
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The inflammatory writings of
General Sullivan reached Boston before the French fleet arrived, and Admiral d'Estaing's initial reaction was reported to be a dignified silence. Politicians worked to smooth over the incident under pressure from Washington and the Continental Congress, and d'Estaing was
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On the morning of August 28, the
American war council decided to withdraw the last troops from their siege camps. They had engaged the British with occasional rounds of cannon fire for a few days, as some of their equipment was being withdrawn. Deserters had made General Pigot aware of the American
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had negotiated the passage between Rhode Island (Aquidneck) and
Prudence Island and commenced a bombardment of Greene's troops on the American right flank. Lossberg now attacked Greene. German troops assailed Major Ward's 1st Rhode Island Regiment three times during the battle and were repulsed each
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Admiral d'Estaing was pressured by his captains to immediately sail for Boston to make repairs, but he instead sailed for
Newport to inform the Americans that he would not be able to assist them. He informed Sullivan upon his arrival on August 20; Sullivan argued that the British could be compelled
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D'Estaing sailed from his position outside the New York harbor on July 22, when the
British judged the tide high enough for the French ships to cross the bar. He initially sailed south before turning northeast toward Newport. The British fleet in New York consisted of eight ships of the line under
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The French decision brought on a wave of anger in the American rank and file, as well as among its commanders. General Greene wrote a complaint which John Laurens termed "sensible and spirited", but General Sullivan was less diplomatic. He wrote a missive containing much inflammatory language, in
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before d'Estaing's arrival. Their fleet was no longer on the river when the French fleet arrived at Delaware Bay in early July. D'Estaing decided to sail for New York, but its well-defended harbor presented a daunting challenge. The French and their American pilots believed that d'Estaing's largest
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Continental forces withdrew to Bristol and Tiverton on the night of August 30, leaving Rhode Island (Aquidneck Island) under British control. However, their withdrawal was orderly and unhurried. According to an account in the New Hampshire Gazette, it was accomplished "in perfect order and safety,
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As the two fleets sought to regroup, individual ships encountered one another, and there were several minor naval skirmishes; two French ships were badly mauled in these encounters, including d'Estaing's flagship. The French fleet regrouped off Delaware and returned to Newport on August 20, while
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on August 9. D'Estaing feared that Howe would be further reinforced and eventually gain a numerical advantage, so he boarded the French troops and sailed out to do battle with Howe on August 10. The weather deteriorated into a major storm as the two fleets maneuvered for position and prepared to
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On August 9, d'Estaing began disembarking some of his 4,000 troops onto Conanicut Island. The same day, General Sullivan learned that Pigot had abandoned Butts Hill. Contrary to the agreement with d'Estaing, Sullivan crossed troops over to seize that high ground, concerned that the British might
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The French departure prompted a mass exodus of the American militia, significantly shrinking the American force, many of whom had only enlisted for a 20-day stint. On August 24, Sullivan was alerted by General Washington that Clinton in New York was assembling a relief force. That evening, his
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As allied intentions became clear, General Pigot decided to deploy his forces in a defensive posture, withdrawing troops from Conanicut Island and from Butts Hill. He also decided to move nearly all livestock into the city, ordered the leveling of orchards to provide a clear line of fire, and
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in good spirits when Lafayette arrived in Boston. He even offered to march troops overland to support the Americans: "I offered to become a colonel of infantry, under the command of one who three years ago was a lawyer, and who certainly must have been an uncomfortable man for his clients."
477:. Operations against Newport were planned in conjunction with a French fleet and troops, but they were frustrated in part by difficult relations between the commanders, as well as by a storm that damaged both French and British fleets shortly before joint operations were to begin.
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General Pigot was harshly criticized by Clinton for failing to await the relief force, which might have entrapped the Americans on the island. He left Newport for England not long after. The British abandoned Newport in October 1779, leaving behind an economy ruined by war.
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when Howe arrived there on August 30. Byron succeeded Howe as head of the New York station in September, but he also was unsuccessful in blockading d'Estaing. His fleet was scattered by a storm when it arrived off Boston, after which d'Estaing slipped away, bound for the
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In the meantime, the British in New York had not been idle. Howe was reinforced by the arrival of ships from Byron's storm-tossed squadron, and he sailed out to catch d'Estaing before he reached Boston. General Clinton organized a force of 4,000 men under Major General
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to Rhode Island. By early May, Sullivan had arrived in the state and produced a detailed report on the situation. He began logistical preparations for an attack on Newport, caching equipment and supplies on the eastern shore of Narragansett Bay and the
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General Washington wrote to Sullivan on July 17 ordering him to raise 5,000 troops for possible operations against Newport. Sullivan did not receive this letter until July 23, and it was followed the next day by the arrival of Colonel
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The American generals established a defensive line across the entire island just south of a valley that cut across the island, hoping to deny the British the high ground in the north. They organized their forces in two sections:
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along with the Continental Artillery came to Rhode Island to join the effort. However, these forces took some time to muster, and the majority of them did not arrive until the first week of August. Washington sent Major General
658:, and that he should raise as large a force as possible. Sullivan's force at that time amounted to 1,600 troops. Laurens had left Washington's camp on the 22nd, riding ahead of a column of Continental troops (the brigades of
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reoccupy it in strength. D'Estaing later approved of the action, but his initial reaction and that of some of his officers was disapproval. John Laurens wrote that the action "gave much umbrage to the French officers".
546:. British leaders had early intelligence that d'Estaing was headed for America, but political and military differences within the government and navy delayed the British response, and he sailed unopposed through the
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time. The Germans then bayoneted the American wounded as they fell back. Meanwhile, Greene's artillery and the American battery at Bristol Neck concentrated their fire on the three British ships and drove them off.
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909:. Laurens had been reinforced by a regiment sent by Sullivan, but Lossberg stormed Turkey Hill and drove the defenders back on Nathanael Greene's wing of the army before starting a cannonade of Greene's lines.
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On the west, General Greene concentrated his forces in front of Turkey Hill but sent the 1st Rhode Island to establish advanced positions a half mile (1 km) south under the command of Brigadier General
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on July 29 and immediately met with Generals Greene and Lafayette to develop their plan of attack. Sullivan's proposal was that the Americans would cross over to Aquidneck Island's eastern shore from
642:. This destroyed military supplies and plundered the towns. Sullivan's response was to make renewed appeals for assistance, which were reinforced by a Congressional declaration after a second raid on
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1013:, an earthworks on Conanicut Island built in 1775 and expanded by the British during their occupation of Newport. The site was abandoned by the British after the arrival of the French fleet. The
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as a staging ground and cross from the west, cutting off a detachment of British soldiers at Butts Hill on the northern part of the island. The next day, d'Estaing sent frigates into the
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News of the French involvement rallied support for the cause, and militia began streaming to Rhode Island from neighboring states. Half the Rhode Island militia was called up and led by
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902:, who were positioned behind some stone walls south of the Redwood House. Lossberg pushed Laurens' men back onto Turkey Hill with the Hessian chasseurs, Huyne's Hessian regiment, and
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regiments of foot, landed and seized control of Newport, Rhode Island. France formally recognized the United States of America in February 1778 following the surrender of the
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in Bristol was used by General Lafayette as his headquarters during the campaign; it is a National Historic Landmark and one of the oldest buildings in Rhode Island.
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Mary Gould Almy's Journal during the Siege of Newport, Rhode Island, 29 July to 24 August 1778. A Facsimile, Transcribed, Annotated, and Edited by John B. Hattendorf
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to launch an assault on Newport in 1777, but he had not done so and was removed from command. In March 1778, Congress approved the appointment of Major General
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and 4,000 French Army troops to America in April in its first major attempt at cooperation with the Americans, with orders to blockade the British fleet in the
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554:. D'Estaing's crossing of the Atlantic took three months, but Byron was also delayed due to bad weather and did not reach New York until mid-August.
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The British organized their attack in a corresponding way, sending Hessian General Friedrich Wilhelm von Lossberg up the west road and Major General
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ships would be unable to cross the bar into New York harbor, so French and American leaders decided to deploy their forces against British-occupied
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up the east road with two regiments each, under orders not to make a general attack. As it turned out, this advance led to the main battle.
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550:. It was not until early June that a fleet of 13 ships of the line left European waters in pursuit, under the command of Vice-Admiral
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on the Massachusetts coast. Admiral Howe was unsuccessful in his bid to catch up with d'Estaing, who held a strong position at the
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Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, from its Organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903. Volume 2
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The relief force of Clinton and Grey arrived at Newport on September 1. Given that the threat was over, Clinton ordered Grey to
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led an expedition from New York City to take control of Rhode Island. The British expeditionary forces under Brigadier General
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The battle was the first attempt at cooperation between French and American forces following France's entry into the war as
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and 54th Regiments against Livingston's left flank. Livingston had also been reinforced with Col. Edward Wigglesworth's
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A 1778 French military map showing the positions of generals Lafayette and Sullivan around Narragansett Bay on August 30
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is also on the Register, two Royal Navy ships scuttled during the French fleet's advance on Newport. Also listed are
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At 2 p.m., Lossberg once again attacked Greene's positions without success. Greene counterattacked with Col.
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Gen. John Sullivan and the Battle of Rhode Island: a Sketch of the Former and a Description of the Latter
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Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century
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plans to withdraw on August 26, so he was prepared to respond when they withdrew that night.
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The Rhode Island Campaign: The First French and American Operation in the Revolutionary War
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not leaving behind the smallest article of provision, camp equipage, or military stores."
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Entry of the French squadron in Newport Bay Aug. 8, 1778. (Drawing by Pierre Ozanne, 1778)
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Battles in the Northern Coastal theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga
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to reinforce Smith. Thus reinforced, Smith returned to the attack, sending the 22nd and
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850:, who was stationed at a windmill near Quaker Hill. Pigot sent word to Major General
732:(the channel to the east of Aquidneck) and into the main channel leading to Newport.
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618:
582:. The troops reached their destination on July 15, raising the size of Major General
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If By Sea: The Forging of the American Navy – from the Revolution to the War of 1812
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Smith's advance stalled when it came under fire from troops commanded by Lt. Col.
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Howe's fleet was delayed departing New York by contrary winds, and he arrived off
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in October 1777. War was declared between France and Great Britain in March 1778.
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Cassell's Biographical Dictionary of the American War of Independence, 1763–1783
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By 7:30 a.m., Lossberg had advanced against the American Light Corps under Col.
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dispatched a fleet of transports carrying 2,000 troops to reinforce Newport via
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1294:. Places 'Battle of Rhode Island' in overall sequence and strategic context.
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630:. British General Pigot was aware of Sullivan's preparations and launched
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987:. It partially preserves the ground on which the battle was fought. The
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was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974 and is listed on the
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2104:
Naval Warfare, its Ruling Principles and Practice Historically Treated
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Battles of the American Revolutionary War involving the United States
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Hero of Two Worlds: The Marquis de Lafayette in the Age of Revolution
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concentrated his forces behind a stone wall overlooking Quaker Hill.
488:, which consisted of Blacks, American Indians, and White colonists.
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with word that Newport had been chosen as the allied target on the
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Sir Charles Grey, First Earl Grey: Royal Soldier, Family Patriarch
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The Guns of Boston Harbor: From the Bay Colony Through the Present
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Battles of the American Revolutionary War involving Great Britain
2352:. Providence, RI: The American-Irish Historical Society. p.
1982:
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Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga
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since the British occupation began in late 1776. Major General
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of the Rhode Island defenses had been ordered by Major General
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The Hessian Occupation of Newport and Rhode Island 1776–1779
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Monmouth Courthouse 1778: The Last Great Battle in the North
1748:
Washington and Cornwallis: The Battle for America, 1775–1783
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570:. While d'Estaing was outside the harbor, British General
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Battles of the American Revolutionary War involving France
30:"Battle of Newport" redirects here. For the battle of the
19:"Battle of Newport" redirects here. For the battle of the
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Battles of the American Revolutionary War in Rhode Island
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The battle was also notable for the participation of the
2155:. Providence, RI: Rhode Island Bicentennial Federation.
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and sailed with it on August 26, destined for Newport.
609:
American and British forces had been in a standoff on
2373:. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
2212:. Rhode Island: Rhode Island Sons of the Revolution.
1009:, one of the American defenses in Tiverton, and the
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2508:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1822:"The Forgotten Ships of the Battle of Rhode Island"
1292:
American Revolutionary War § Stalemate in the North
2280:The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783
506:On December 8, 1776, Britain's Lieutenant General
2741:List of places named for the Marquis de Lafayette
1516:
1514:
3011:
196:
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1431:. Vol. IV (1771–1800) (online ed.).
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2180:The Howe Brothers and the American Revolution
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3035:Battles of the Anglo-French War (1778–1783)
2234:. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
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1244:Langdon's Company of Light Horse Volunteers
1228:Sherburne's Additional Continental Regiment
1059:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2082:Butler, Gerald W; Shaner, Richard (2001).
2036:National Historic Landmark summary listing
1953:National Historic Landmark summary listing
1867:. New Hampshire Gazette. 15 September 1778
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1237:Eight militia regiments from Rhode Island
1223:Jackson's Additional Continental Regiment
1079:Learn how and when to remove this message
870:Regiments and the flank companies of the
768:the British fleet regrouped at New York.
462:had been besieging the British forces in
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2400:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
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1751:. Taylor Trade Publishing. p. 185.
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882:Lossberg's assault on the American right
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498:France in the American Revolutionary War
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16:Battle of the American Revolutionary War
2976:Michel du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette
2928:Lafayette in the Somewhat United States
2668:1824–25 Grand Tour of the United States
2494:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
2398:Edward Bancroft: Scientist, Author, Spy
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2038:. National Park Service. Archived from
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2007:"Jamestown Historical Society: Battery"
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1955:. National Park Service. Archived from
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1983:"National Register Information System"
1941:
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1249:Peabody's New Hampshire State Regiment
1218:Webb's Additional Continental Regiment
894:, a 19th-century portrait by A. Tenney
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2067:. London: Cassell & Company Ltd.
1827:. The Rhode Island Historical Society
1240:One militia regiment from Connecticut
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292:
2459:from the Rhode Island State Archives
1988:National Register of Historic Places
1970:
1166:(Loyalist regiment, George Wightman)
1091:
1057:adding citations to reliable sources
1024:
985:National Register of Historic Places
842:Smith's assault on the American left
677:, and large numbers of militia from
2427:. Westminster, MD: Heritage Books.
2264:. Newport, RI: Mercury Publishing.
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13:
2795:Lafayette Square Historic District
2785:Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.
1865:"Americans Evacuate Rhode Islande"
1154:Prince of Wales' American Regiment
1020:
864:Prince of Wales' American Regiment
752:Comte d'Estaing, 1769 portrait by
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14:
3076:
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2283:. Boston: Little, Brown. p.
2153:The Rhode Island Campaign of 1778
1425:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
1096:
586:garrison to more than 6,700 men.
450:) took place on August 29, 1778.
65:A 1779 print depicting the battle
2970:Georges Washington de La Fayette
2517:
2346:Murray, Thomas Hamilton (1902).
2258:Lippitt, Charles Warren (1915).
1949:"Site of Battle of Rhode Island"
1428:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
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724:, while French troops would use
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59:
2861:Lafayette (We Hear You Calling)
2300:McBurney, Christian M. (2011).
2107:. London: W. H. Allen. p.
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1745:Patterson, Benton Rain (2004).
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36:Battle of Newport (County Mayo)
3045:Battles involving Hesse-Kassel
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248:Friedrich Wilhelm von Lossberg
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1:
2903:(1997 documentary miniseries)
2323:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
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484:under the command of Colonel
3055:Newport County, Rhode Island
2761:Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania
2746:Fayetteville, North Carolina
2710:Château de la Grange-Bléneau
2182:. New York: Atheneum Press.
1298:
1259:Nichols' Regiment of Militia
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916:, the converted merchantman
7:
2619:Women's March on Versailles
2319:Morrissey, Brendan (2004).
2063:Boatner, Mark Mayo (1966).
1433:University of Toronto Press
1280:
1213:13th Massachusetts Regiment
981:Battle of Rhode Island Site
876:13th Massachusetts Regiment
848:Henry Brockholst Livingston
557:The British evacuated from
10:
3081:
2855:1825 Samuel Morse painting
2646:War of the First Coalition
2457:Battle of Rhode Island Map
2304:. Yardley, PA: Westholme.
2261:The Battle of Rhode Island
1421:Douglas, W. A. B. (1979).
1264:Evans' Regiment of Militia
1254:Hale's Regiment of Militia
1208:4th Massachusetts Regiment
693:
495:
53:American Revolutionary War
29:
18:
2998:Honorary U.S. citizenship
2985:
2954:
2847:
2729:
2696:
2660:
2590:
2526:
2515:
2500:
2423:Schroder, Walter (2009).
2396:Schaeper, Thomas (2011).
2124:Daughan, George (2011) .
1203:2nd Rhode Island Regiment
1193:1st Rhode Island Regiment
1131:Hessian Regiment Ditforth
974:
796:
699:French arrival at Newport
482:1st Rhode Island Regiment
330:
266:
253:
212:
149:
69:
58:
50:
45:
2911:(2002 television series)
2819:Lafayette College statue
2582:Franco-American alliance
2277:Mahan, Alfred T (1890).
2151:Dearden, Paul F (1980).
1268:Four artillery regiments
1144:King's American Regiment
956:raid several communities
907:King's American Regiment
772:French retreat to Boston
322:Northern coastal theater
2884:La Révolution française
2609:National Guard (France)
2604:Estates General of 1789
2101:Colomb, Philip (1895).
2032:"Joseph Reynolds House"
1342:"Pines Bridge Monument"
712:the command of Admiral
466:, which is situated on
2964:Adrienne de La Fayette
2641:Champ de Mars massacre
2572:Battle of Green Spring
2562:Battle of Rhode Island
1820:Abbass, D. K. (2009).
1134:Hessian Regiment Bunau
1128:Hessian Regiment Huyne
895:
806:
756:
708:
634:on May 25 that raided
606:
444:Battle of Rhode Island
213:Commanders and leaders
121:Battle of Rhode Island
46:Battle of Rhode Island
2706:(birthplace and home)
2630:Fête de la Fédération
2557:Battle of Barren Hill
2369:Nelson, Paul (1996).
2239:Jaques, Tony (2006).
1993:National Park Service
1717:Schroder, pp. 141–142
1690:Dearden, pp. 102, 135
1402:Schaeper, pp. 152–153
1344:. Yorktownhistory.org
1233:1st Canadian Regiment
1118:54th Regiment of Foot
1113:43rd Regiment of Foot
1108:38th Regiment of Foot
1103:22nd Regiment of Foot
1015:Joseph Reynolds House
923:, and the row galley
889:
804:
751:
706:
664:James Mitchell Varnum
597:
568:Newport, Rhode Island
464:Newport, Rhode Island
448:Battle of Quaker Hill
267:Casualties and losses
3020:1778 in Rhode Island
2831:Lafayette Escadrille
2773:New York City statue
2751:Lafayette, Louisiana
2716:Lafayette Land Grant
2704:Château de Chavaniac
2673:New York City parade
2598:Assembly of Notables
2547:Battle of Gloucester
2542:Battle of Brandywine
2534:French frigate
2178:Gruber, Ira (1972).
1938:Dearden, pp. 142–143
1845:Dearden, pp. 124–126
1810:Dearden, pp. 120–122
1801:Dearden, pp. 122–123
1783:Dearden, pp. 118–120
1726:Dearden, pp. 114–116
1708:Daughan, pp. 179–180
1451:Daughan, pp. 174–175
1370:Morrissey, pp. 26–27
1164:Loyal New Englanders
1156:(Loyalist regiment,
1146:(Loyalist regiment,
1140:2nd Anspach Regiment
1137:1st Anspach Regiment
1053:improve this section
754:Jean-Baptiste Lebrun
668:Marquis de Lafayette
548:Straits of Gibraltar
534:France sent Admiral
394:Penobscot Expedition
25:Battle of Nieuwpoort
2678:Philadelphia parade
2527:American Revolution
2243:. Greenwood Press.
2228:Heitman, Francis B.
2206:Hattendorf, John B.
1995:. January 23, 2007.
1920:Gruber, pp. 323–324
1538:Dearden, pp. 51, 93
1472:Dearden, pp, 36, 49
538:with a fleet of 12
524:Battles of Saratoga
446:(also known as the
177:Canadian volunteers
105: /
2993:Order of Lafayette
2892:Jefferson in Paris
2825:Los Angeles statue
2813:Lafayette Memorial
2779:LaFayette Fountain
2567:Battle of Monmouth
1648:Dearden, pp. 95–98
1609:Dearden, pp. 74–75
1591:Dearden, pp. 68–71
1499:Dearden, pp. 25–27
1187:Continental forces
1125:Regiment Landgrave
896:
807:
757:
709:
607:
486:Christopher Greene
227:Christopher Greene
137:Inconclusive (see
3050:Conflicts in 1778
3007:
3006:
2947:(2024 miniseries)
2766:Lafayette College
2712:(home and museum)
2591:French Revolution
2577:Siege of Yorktown
2434:978-0-7884-4074-8
2407:978-0-300-11842-1
2380:978-0-8386-3673-2
2330:978-1-84176-772-7
2311:978-1-59416-134-6
2219:978-1-54394-901-8
2189:978-0-8078-1229-7
2162:978-0-917012-17-4
2135:978-0-465-02514-5
1893:Nelson, pp. 64–66
1758:978-1-4617-3470-3
1277:
1276:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1011:Conanicut Battery
619:George Washington
580:Long Island Sound
574:and Vice-Admiral
540:ships of the line
437:
436:
375:Little Egg Harbor
287:
286:
145:
144:
110:41.596°N 71.263°W
21:Eighty Years' War
3072:
2802:Lafayette dollar
2521:
2501:Principal author
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2009:. Archived from
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1393:Morrissey, p. 77
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1361:Schroder, p. 62.
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1025:
904:Edmund Fanning's
854:to dispatch the
852:Richard Prescott
726:Conanicut Island
688:Nathanael Greene
530:French movements
512:Richard Prescott
475:an American ally
468:Aquidneck Island
452:Continental Army
325:
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236:Sir Robert Pigot
223:Nathanael Greene
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1322:Boatner, p. 793
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1179:British marines
1158:Montfort Browne
1099:
1085:
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1050:
1034:
1023:
1021:Order of battle
989:underwater site
977:
960:Nantasket Roads
944:
927:Spitfire Galley
884:
860:Montfort Browne
844:
799:
774:
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590:American forces
536:Comte d'Estaing
532:
514:, with several
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2042:on 2011-06-06
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2013:on 2012-03-31
2012:
2008:
2002:
1994:
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1989:
1984:
1978:
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1959:on 2011-06-06
1958:
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1944:
1935:
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1774:Nelson, p. 63
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1657:Mahan, p. 363
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1556:Mahan, p. 361
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892:John Sullivan
888:
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872:38th Regiment
869:
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856:54th Regiment
853:
849:
839:
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836:Francis Smith
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691:
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684:
683:New Hampshire
680:
679:Massachusetts
676:
671:
669:
666:) led by the
665:
661:
657:
656:22nd Regiment
653:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
632:an expedition
629:
628:Taunton River
624:
623:John Sullivan
620:
616:
612:
605:
604:Francis Cotes
601:
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587:
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581:
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572:Henry Clinton
569:
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563:New York City
560:
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508:Henry Clinton
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219:John Sullivan
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206:Great Britain
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26:
22:
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2898:
2890:
2882:
2876:Valley Forge
2874:
2866:
2837:
2684:
2661:Other events
2628:
2561:
2552:Valley Forge
2535:
2424:
2397:
2370:
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2279:
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2240:
2231:
2209:
2179:
2152:
2125:
2103:
2083:
2064:
2044:. Retrieved
2040:the original
2035:
2026:
2015:. Retrieved
2011:the original
2001:
1986:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:the original
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1869:. Retrieved
1859:
1850:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1815:
1806:
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1525:
1504:
1495:
1490:Murray, p. 8
1486:
1481:Murray, p. 6
1477:
1468:
1447:
1436:. Retrieved
1426:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1346:. Retrieved
1336:
1327:
1306:
1271:
1075:
1066:
1051:Please help
1039:
1001:
994:
978:
969:
953:
949:
945:
933:
926:
919:
913:
911:
900:John Laurens
897:
845:
833:
821:James Varnum
812:
808:
791:Charles Grey
787:
783:
779:
775:
766:
761:Point Judith
758:
744:Storm damage
738:
734:
718:Point Judith
710:
675:William West
672:
652:John Laurens
648:
611:Rhode Island
608:
600:Robert Pigot
576:Richard Howe
559:Philadelphia
556:
533:
520:British Army
505:
479:
472:
447:
443:
441:
380:Tryon's raid
359:
155:
150:Belligerents
51:Part of the
2939:(2021 book)
2931:(2015 book)
2895:(1995 film)
2887:(1989 film)
2879:(1975 film)
2871:(1961 film)
2790:1891 statue
1069:August 2018
1007:Fort Barton
965:West Indies
828:John Glover
660:John Glover
646:on May 31.
424:Fort Slongo
365:Grey's raid
345:2nd Machias
281:210 wounded
274:137 wounded
113: /
3014:Categories
2868:La Fayette
2731:Honors and
2685:Brandywine
2057:References
2046:2008-06-29
2017:2011-11-11
1963:2008-02-21
1871:2013-01-18
1438:2011-11-10
1348:2016-07-24
552:John Byron
522:after the
492:Background
399:Cape Split
340:Sag Harbor
335:Ridgefield
283:12 missing
276:44 missing
119: (
100:71°15′47″W
97:41°35′46″N
2921:2020 film
2838:Lafayette
2836:USS
2733:memorials
2683:USS
2443:497813357
2416:178289618
2293:746949269
2230:(1965) .
2144:701015376
1299:Footnotes
1171:Chasseurs
1040:does not
1000:HMS
993:HMS
942:Aftermath
429:Lunenburg
388:Fairfield
279:38 killed
272:30 killed
139:aftermath
2978:(father)
2944:Franklin
2916:Hamilton
2900:Liberty!
2536:Hermione
2389:33820307
2339:56351768
2208:(2018).
2171:60041024
1831:25 April
1281:See also
1169:Hessian
995:Cerberus
920:Vigilant
890:General
722:Tiverton
644:Freetown
598:General
414:Cape Ann
350:Setauket
254:Strength
82:Location
2986:Related
2362:2853550
2270:9887723
2198:1464455
2117:2863262
1123:Hessian
1061:removed
1046:sources
694:Prelude
636:Bristol
516:Hessian
456:Militia
384:Norwalk
360:Newport
3000:(2002)
2966:(wife)
2956:Family
2848:Legacy
2827:(1937)
2821:(1921)
2815:(1917)
2804:(1899)
2781:(1887)
2775:(1876)
2653:(1830)
2600:(1787)
2510:(1789)
2441:
2431:
2414:
2404:
2387:
2377:
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1755:
1272:
975:Legacy
914:Sphynx
797:Battle
640:Warren
259:10,100
203:
191:France
188:
134:Result
34:, see
23:, see
2972:(son)
1825:(PDF)
1199:unit)
262:6,700
2697:Life
2439:OCLC
2429:ISBN
2412:OCLC
2402:ISBN
2385:OCLC
2375:ISBN
2358:OCLC
2335:OCLC
2325:ISBN
2306:ISBN
2289:OCLC
2266:OCLC
2245:ISBN
2214:ISBN
2194:OCLC
2184:ISBN
2167:OCLC
2157:ISBN
2140:OCLC
2130:ISBN
2113:OCLC
2088:ISBN
2069:ISBN
1833:2015
1753:ISBN
1195:(an
1044:any
1042:cite
1002:Lark
998:and
979:The
925:HMS
918:HMS
868:43rd
858:and
714:Howe
681:and
662:and
638:and
500:and
454:and
442:The
74:Date
2285:360
2109:384
1055:by
991:of
862:'s
561:to
3016::
2437:.
2410:.
2383:.
2356:.
2333:.
2287:.
2192:.
2165:.
2138:.
2111:.
2034:.
1991:.
1985:.
1972:^
1951:.
1767:^
1674:^
1662:^
1623:^
1575:^
1561:^
1513:^
1456:^
1384:^
1315:^
967:.
670:.
386:,
2923:)
2859:"
2486:e
2479:t
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2445:.
2418:.
2391:.
2364:.
2354:5
2341:.
2314:.
2295:.
2272:.
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2222:.
2200:.
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2146:.
2119:.
2096:.
2077:.
2049:.
2020:.
1966:.
1874:.
1835:.
1761:.
1441:.
1351:.
1160:)
1150:)
1082:)
1076:(
1071:)
1067:(
1063:.
1049:.
823:.
390:)
382:(
312:e
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298:v
141:)
123:)
38:.
27:.
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