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densely timbered bottom land, They blocked the road at a point overlooking an old orchard. The infantry following them across were ordered into hasty bivouac with the 36th Iowa moving just upstream of the ford and the 43rd
Indiana sliding just to the south of it. The hour was late and the troops were ordered to lay on their arms and to expect a dawn attack. From their camps at the river, the federal infantry could hear some exchanges of fire to their front between the 1st Iowa cavalry and rebel guards monitoring that crossing. The federals were surprised when no attack came at dawn on the 3rd, a Sunday. It was so quiet that the infantry regiments sent out foraging parties to look for whatever meat could be found. At around 1 p.m. three companies of the 43rd Indiana went forward toward the cavalry picket line, were spotted by the Confederates and some skirmishing occurred. Three companies of the 36th Iowa—A, D and G-- commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel F.M. Drake rushed up to assist the Indiana companies, only to return to their bivouac, and then be rushed forward for a second round of skirmishing late in the day. The federals held the ford and the road south for more than a mile. The small rebel detachment guarding the ford was being steadily reinforced by two brigades of General John Marmaduke's division, one commanded by William Cabell and one under Colton Green. Some of these troops had marched all the way downriver from Antoine—where Steele had been expected to cross—and it was some time before Marmaduke himself arrived opposite the ford. At daylight on April 4, Greene's and Cabell's brigades, some 12,000 strong, assaulted the picket line. Drake was sent forward again with the same three companies of the 36th Iowa and also took three companies of the 43rd Indiana, companies E, H and C. As they advanced they could see the troopers of the 1st Iowa cavalry trying to hold their position. Drake formed a battle line of his own just to their rear with his six companies of infantry. Companies D, G and A of the 36th deployed to the right of the road, and companies E, H and C of the 43rd Indiana deployed to the left flank on the other side of the road. The very dense timber provided excellent cover and concealment for the Union infantrymen. Drake meanwhile summoned a 2-gun section of Lieutenant Charles Peetz' 2nd Missouri Artillery to cross the ford and stand by for action on the road. Elsewhere, Colonel Charles Kittredge with the remaining 7 companies of the 36th Iowa remained in reserve at the river bank. Drake ordered the 1st Iowa troopers to send their mounts to the rear and to fall back and get in line with the infantry, which order was promptly carried out. In order to get at Drakes command positioned in the timber, the Confederates had to advance across an old orchard and doing so in line of battle they made easy targets for the federal infantry. Drake's entire forward command consisted of less than 400 men but they doggedly resisted the rebel incursion, repulsing two flanking maneuvers by Marmaduke early in the fight. Although McLean, the federal brigade commander, ordered a general retreat to the river bank, and while Kittredge withdrew his reserve companies, Drake thought the order inadvisable and told his six companies of infantry to "Stand Fast." Over the next two hours the federals were driven back farther and farther toward the river, and Marmaduke brought up an artillery battery and raked the woods with grape shot to try to dislodge Drake. At around 10:30 a.m. Marmaduke sent a third flanking force well to the left flank of the three companies of the 43rd Indiana, which began to disintegrate. As the Hoosiers ran to the rear they crossed an open field and were scattered. Seeing the companies of the 43rd starting to give way, Col. Kittredge got the 7 remaining companies of the 36th Iowa (B, C, E, F, H, I, and K) into line of battle and advanced them until they reached the edge of the field. There, Kittredge placed his right flank next to Peetz's battery and ordered his regiment to lie down behind a slight ridge in the field. Kittedge correctly assumed the rebels would charge across the field in an effort to capture Peetz's guns, When the rebels subsequently did just that, Kittredge ordered his men to stand up and fire, which they did in volleys, by company. The 36th Iowa had just been issued new Springfield .58 caliber rifled muskets before departing Little Rock and in this action they used them to deadly effect. This heavy federal musketry broke the back of Marmaduke's flank attack, repulsing the rebels with serious losses that included the capture of Rebel Lieutenant Fackler, Marmaduke's aid-de-camp. By this time, Brigadier General Samuel Rice arrived on the north shore of the Little Missouri river with his entire 1st Brigade and more artillery. Seeing this, Marmaduke concluded that he had insufficient numbers to stop the federals from crossing Elkins'Ferry. He withdrew Cabell's and Greene's brigades and marched southward toward Prairie D'Ane to join the main rebel army under Sterling Price.
693:'s Frontier Division, they encamped a few days on the south side of the ford before marching south through the Little Missouri bottom toward the prairie. While Steele rested for a few days at the plantation home of the widow Cornelius, he obtained valuable intelligence from wounded and dying Confederates being treated there about the strength of the Confederate units in front of him. Reconnoitering from there, Federals observed the extensive log and earth breastworks along the northern edge of the prairie. Marching south from Cornelius plantation on 10 April, they encountered the line of battle and attacked with artillery, cavalry and infantry skirmishers, eventually driving the line back about a mile before being checked by the Confederates. Skirmishing continued throughout the afternoon of 11 April. In a delaying action, the Confederates fell back, with the intention of mounting a stand further south to defend their capital at Washington, where they expected to receive reinforcements from Kirby Smith at Shreveport.
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several points along the old military road running from Benton to
Arkadelphia. As they built extensive earthen and log breastworks at the northern edge of Prairie D'Ane, it was . A Confederate defeat on the prairie would lay open the route to Washington for the federal army. But Prairie D'Ane posed a difficult defensive problem for the rebels. On the one hand, its wide open plain offered good fields of fire for defending artillery batteries; on the other hand, the same open country offered an attacking force plenty of space in which to maneuver and outflank the defenders in their fixed entrenchments. Most of the heavy rebel defensive barriers erected along the route from Little Rock to Prairie D'Ane had been built by slave labor. Roving groups of rebel
705:, a former West Point classmate. Now, deep in enemy territory with his forces reduced to quarter rations, with little forage for his mules and horses, and struggling with muddy, rain-saturated roads, Steele grew increasingly doubtful of his ability to reach Shreveport. A resupply train had started from Little Rock to support Steele on 12 April, but those conditions meant it would probably be delayed in arriving. Additionally, if the rumors of Banks' defeat proved true, Steele knew Kirby Smith would be freed to make an about-face and turn his army northward to repel Steele with overwhelming force. Taking the counsel of his officers, Steele decided to divert his army east to take
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for "Donkey Meadow"—was a prominent topographical feature in southwest
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The Union's VII Corps had transported inadequate provisions; finding little provender along the way, the men had to march from Little Rock on half-rations. They needed both animal forage and food for the soldiers. Steele's intelligence reports began to relay rumors that the Union forces under Banks
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In a diversionary move, Steele ordered Thayer's
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and consisted primarily of
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The US Army
Captured Little Rock on 10 September 1863. As Union forces marched into the city, the Confederates hastily gathered up their official state documents and moved their seat of government to Washington. In their retreat to the southwest, the Confederates constructed defensive works at
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the Confederates into a rear guard action at the hamlet of Moscow, on the southeast edge of the prairie. Steele's main force, meanwhile, proceeded into Camden and seized the city with minimal opposition. But they found meager supplies and learned that Banks had been defeated at the Red River.
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country around Helena from 1862 to 1863. At one point in the US Army's Arkansas campaign, one division had some 1000 soldiers on the sick list. Death by disease was far more common for federal soldiers serving in the Arkansas theater than death by combat(and for all soldiers on both sides).
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back upon the rebel stronghold at Shreveport and defeat him. If successful, a somewhat vague second phase envisioned the two federal armies combining into one large force and continuing their offensive with a westward push into Texas.
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Steele had doubted the wisdom of marching into southwest Arkansas to support what he thought was Banks' ill-conceived Red River Campaign. He had delayed leaving Little Rock until receiving a rather blunt direct order from General
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and its partners have acquired and preserved 811 acres of the battlefield.
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that were converging on Shreveport had been repelled by Kirby Smith.
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931:(Sheridan, Arkansas: The Friends of Jenkins Ferry Batlefield, 2011).
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Battles of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
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924:(Des Moines, Iowa: Annals of Iowa, VOL XV, Nos 2-6, 1925-1927).
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https://www.civilwaracademy.com/civil-war-battles-in-arkansas
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Steele's Retreat From Camden and the Battle of Jenkins Ferry
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Civil War Battles in Arkansas, Accessed 3 April 2018,
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General Sterling Price and the Civil War in the West
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565:. The objective was to press the rebel army of Gen.
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Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
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743:Camden Expedition Sites National Historic Landmark
553:pressing northward up the Red River commencing at
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887:(Louisiana pbk. ed.). Baton Rouge; London:
1390:Battles of the American Civil War in Arkansas
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962:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
883:Castel, Albert (1993) .
365:Location within Arkansas
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957:Battle of Prairie D'Ane
948:Battle of Prairie D'Ane
723:Battle of Jenkins Ferry
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523:Battle of Prairie D'Ane
126:Battle of Prairie D'Ane
300:Department of Arkansas
261:Commanders and leaders
913:Forsyth, Michael J.,
725:on 29–30 April 1864.
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611:Shreveport, Louisiana
563:Little Rock, Arkansas
555:Alexandria, Louisiana
531:Battle of Gum Springs
322:Casualties and losses
795:United States portal
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43:improve this article
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133:American Civil War
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32:This article
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1317:Fayetteville
1222:Marks’ Mills
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424:Fort DeRussy
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223:Belligerents
131:Part of the
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1307:Camp Nelson
1303:Cemeteries
1265:Ivey's Ford
1156:Brownsville
1146:Chalk Bluff
1095:St. Charles
1040:Little Rock
1019:Confederacy
454:26–27 April
195: /
159:, south of
1369:Categories
1262:Dardanelle
1242:Fort Smith
1197:Mount Elba
1181:Pine Bluff
1161:Bayou Meto
1012:Combatants
814:References
670:rheumatism
595:Washington
574:Background
483:Mount Elba
459:Alexandria
286:Maj. Gen.
273:Maj. Gen.
69:newspapers
1277:Aftermath
1120:Van Buren
1110:Cane Hill
1085:Pea Ridge
1050:Red River
1033:Campaigns
729:Aftermath
666:influenza
619:guerrilla
607:Red River
434:Mansfield
419:Louisiana
99:June 2020
1342:Category
1062:Missouri
907:68-21804
854:June 20,
767:See also
613:beyond.
599:Arkansas
476:Arkansas
309:Strength
170:Arkansas
161:Prescott
151:Location
1353:Commons
1071:Battles
950:at the
662:malaria
658:measles
625:Prelude
609:, with
464:Mansura
214:victory
83:scholar
1322:Helena
1151:Helena
1055:Camden
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603:Camden
590:French
314:13,000
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208:Result
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1024:Union
631:Union
533:, or
317:7,000
241:Union
212:Union
155:Near
90:JSTOR
76:books
1256:1865
1190:1864
1129:1863
1078:1862
903:LCCN
893:ISBN
856:2023
759:The
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62:news
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