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was forced to repeatedly re-order his battalions. The brigade maintained a punishing fire. Kitchener, now aware of the problem, "began to throw his brigades about as if they were companies". MacDonald's brigade was soon reinforced with flank support and more Maxim guns and the
Mahdist forces were forced back; they finally broke and fled, or died where they stood. The Mahdist forces to the north had regrouped too late and entered the clash only after the force in the central valley had been routed. They pressed Macdonald's Sudanese brigades hard, but Wauchope's brigade with the
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were initially concealed from
Kitchener's force. Abdullah al-Taashi and 17,000 men were concealed behind Surkab Hill (in older sources often distorted to "Surgham" Hill) to the west and rear of Osman Azrak's force, with 20,000 more positioned to the north-west, close to the front behind the Kerreri hills, commanded by
795:, commanding a troop of twenty-five lancers. On a larger scale, the British advance allowed the Khalifa to re-organize his forces. He still had over 30,000 men in the field and directed his main reserve to attack from the west while ordering the forces to the northwest to attack simultaneously over the Kerreri Hills.
902:
They could never get near and they refused to hold back. ... It was not a battle but an execution. ... The bodies were not in heaps—bodies hardly ever are; but they spread evenly over acres and acres. Some lay very composedly with their slippers placed under their heads for a last pillow; some knelt,
727:
The battle began in the early morning, at around 6:00 a.m. After the clashes of the previous day, the 8,000 men under Osman Azrak advanced straight at the waiting
British, quickly followed by about 8,000 of those waiting to the northwest, a mixed force of rifle and spear-men. The 52 quick firing
805:
MacDonald was alerted to the presence of around 15,000 enemy troops moving towards him from the west, out from behind Surkab. He wheeled his force and lined them up to face the enemy charge. The
Mahdist infantry attacked in two prongs. Lewis's Egyptian Brigade managed to hold its own, but MacDonald
1053:
Although some among the press corps accompanying the army had film cameras, no footage was shot of the actual fighting. What was passed off as films of the battle, or preparations for it, were in fact spliced footage of barracks training or troop movements far from the front. Such films maintained
553:
Following the establishment of the
Mahdist State in Sudan, and the subsequent threat to the regional status quo and to British-occupied Egypt, the British government decided to send an expeditionary force with the task of overthrowing the Khalifa. The commander of the force, Sir Herbert Kitchener,
719:
Abdullah's followers numbered around 50,000, including some 3,000 cavalry. They were split into five groups—a force of 8,000 under Osman Azrak was arrayed directly opposite the
British, in a shallow arc along a mile (1.6 km) of a low ridge leading onto the plain, and the other Mahdist forces
1086:
In Sudan itself, the
Khalifa had poets among his entourage, not all of whom were killed in the fighting, but much of their work was either destroyed by the British during systematic searches after the battle, or even by the poets themselves in fear of reprisal. Nevertheless, as part of the oral
949:
privately agreed with
Bennett that Kitchener was too brutal in his killing of the wounded. This opinion was reflected in his own account of the battle when it was first published in 1899. However, mindful of the effect that patriotic public opinion could have on his political career, Churchill
700:
The battle took place at
Kerreri, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north of Omdurman. Kitchener commanded a force of 8,000 British regulars and a mixed force of 17,000 Sudanese and Egyptian troops. He arrayed his force in an arc around the village of Egeiga, close to the bank of the
767:, attempting to regain the protection of the zariba, found themselves being closely pursued by Green Standard horsemen. This marked a crucial stage of the battle, but Kitchener was able to deploy two gunboats to a position on the river where their
758:
barricade without suffering significant casualties, the cavalry and camel corps deployed to the centre-north of the main force found themselves under threat from the
Mahadist Green Standard force of about 15,000 warriors. Lieutenant Colonel
787:, the 400-strong regiment attacked what they thought were only a few hundred dervishes, but in fact there were 2,500 infantry hidden behind them in a depression. After a fierce clash, the Lancers drove them back (resulting in three
1061:
The victory, and especially the cavalry charge of the 21st Lancers, was soon celebrated by songs on the popular stage, including "What Will They Say in England? A Story of the Gallant 21st" by Orlando Powell (1867–1915) and
778:
Kitchener was anxious to occupy Omdurman before the remaining Mahdist forces could withdraw there. He advanced his army on the city, arranging them in separate columns for the attack. The British light cavalry regiment, the
1074:
patriotism in a hastily produced broadside, "The battle of Omdurman: a new poem: composed September 1898", soon to be joined by the equally spontaneous verse of Henry Surtees, one of the uniformed participants, in his
810:
was quickly brought up and with sustained section volleys repulsed the advance. A final desperate cavalry charge of around 500 Mahdist horsemen was utterly destroyed. The march on Omdurman was resumed at about 11:30.
897:
Around 12,000 of the Mahdists were killed, 13,000 wounded and 5,000 taken prisoner. Kitchener's force lost 47 men killed and 382 wounded, the majority from MacDonald's command. One eyewitness described the appalling
1025:
The subject of the battle made its appearance in several oil paintings later exhibited in Britain. In particular, the charge of the 21st Lancers held special appeal and several artists portrayed the scene including
657:
known as Khalifa 'Abdullahi' became the new ruler. The Mahdist state, the Mahdia, built on slavery and holy war, enforced a strict Islamic code imposing a reign of terror over the regions of Sudan.
562:
thirteen years earlier. On the morning of 2 September, some 35,000–50,000 Sudanese tribesmen under Abdullah attacked the British lines in a disastrous series of charges; later that morning the
802:, was reinforced with Maxims and artillery and followed the main force at around 1,350 metres (0.84 mi). Curiously, the supplies and wounded around Egeiga were left almost unprotected.
783:, was sent ahead to clear the plain to Omdurman. They had a tough time of it. In what has been described as the last operational cavalry charge by British troops, and the largest since the
692:, opening a line of march up the Nile. On 1 September 1898 Kitchener, supported by a powerful flotilla of gunboats, arrived to face the main Mahdist army at Omdurman, near Khartoum.
1142:
by John Ferry is also partly set during the 1898 re-conquest of Sudan, with the book's lead character, Evelyn Winters, playing a peripheral role in the fighting. The main focus of
1226:) Abdullah retained it as his capital. Following the battle Omdurman was occupied under a joint Anglo-Egyptian condominium, which lasted until 1956. Omdurman is today a suburb of
950:
significantly moderated criticism of Kitchener in his book's second edition in 1902. The Khalifa, Abdullah al-Taashi, escaped and survived until 1899, when he was killed in the
728:
guns of the British artillery opened fire at around 2,750 metres (1.71 mi), inflicting severe casualties on the Mahdist forces before they even came within range of the
306:
91:
1493:
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where it was besieged by the Mahdists. On 26 January 1885, the Dervishes overcame Gordon's troops and massacred the entire garrison. After the Mahdi died in 1885,
763:, the commander of the Anglo-Egyptian mounted troops, used his cavalry to draw off part of the advancing Ansar attackers under Osman Digna, but the slower-moving
798:
Kitchener's force wheeled left in echelon to advance up Surkab ridge and then southwards. To protect the rear, a brigade of 3,000 mainly Sudanese, commanded by
931:
Controversy over the killing of the wounded after the battle, began soon afterwards. The debate was ignited by a highly critical article published by
740:. A flanking move from the Ansar right was also checked, and there were bloody clashes on the opposite flank that scattered the Mahdist forces there.
2330:
1216:
The village of Omdurman was chosen in 1884 as the base of operations by the Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad. After his death in 1885, following the successful
299:
1138:
concentrates mainly on the siege of Khartoum and the fate of the defeated, but carries the story through to Kitchener's campaign. The 2008 novel
736:. The frontal attack ended quickly, with around 4,000 Mahdist forces casualties; none of the attackers got closer than 50 m to the British
1399:
2454:
2011:
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broke up the Mahadist force before it could destroy Broadwood's detachment and possibly penetrate the flank of the Anglo-Egyptian infantry.
292:
1066:'s "The Heroic Charge of the 21st Lancers at the Battle of Omdurman", published complete with piano score (London: E. Donajowski, 1898).
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149:
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charged and defeated another force that appeared on the British right flank. Among those present was 23-year-old soldier and reporter
2245:
985:, who was shot and severely wounded in the right arm. For his services during that battle he was restored to the army active list.
577:
The victory of the British–Egyptian force was a demonstration of the superiority of a highly disciplined army equipped with modern
1490:
2342:
988:
The Battle of Omdurman has also lent its name to many streets in British and Commonwealth cities, for example 'Omdurman Road' in
2026:
2407:
889:, Egyptian campaign medal awarded to British and Egyptian forces which took part in the Sudan campaign between 1896 and 1898.
2369:
2350:
2324:
2305:
2290:
2268:
2253:
2228:
2200:
2154:
2129:
2092:
2000:
1979:
1958:
1933:
1908:
1873:
1848:
878:, British campaign medal awarded to British and Egyptian forces which took part in the Sudan campaign between 1896 and 1898.
669:
197:
2395:
1155:
863:
20:
1198:. "As they rode over the low ridge, the lancers were surprised by the thousands of Sudanese soldiers concealed behind it.”
2449:
638:
1715:
1191:
341:
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and Osman Sheikh ed-Din. A final force of around 8,000 was gathered on the slope on the right flank of Azrak's force.
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2459:
1167:
1103:(1903) and included a description of the battle in chapter 14. It was also depicted in the climax of the 1939 film
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being awarded to Lancers who helped rescue wounded comrades). One of the participants of this fight was Lieutenant
664:, and to suppress the slave trade, the British government decided to reconquer Sudan. An Anglo-Egyptian army under
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459:
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waited in support, facing a wide, flat plain with hills rising to the left and right. The British and Egyptian
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1079:(1899). In the following year there appeared a more polished performance in Annie Moore's poetry collection,
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over a force twice its size armed with older weapons, and marked the success of British efforts to reconquer
2386:
1804:
Bottomore, Stephen (2007). "Chapter 4: The Battle of Omdurman (1898) – Moving images of a British victory".
1031:
388:
1050:. The pictorial press covered the campaign extensively and employed several artists to record the events.
1838:
1724:
1035:
993:
1779:
641:, sent by the Egyptian government to put down the uprising, was defeated by the Mahdi's army during the
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519:
1407:
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932:
747:
The second of four lithographs of the battle by A. Sutherland, showing the situation at 6.30 a.m.
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1054:
their popularity for months in Britain and were succeeded by short features such as the fictional
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While the Anglo–Egyptian infantry were able to make use of their superior firepower from behind a
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It was not long before a fictional account of the British military expedition appeared in
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tradition there survived a lamentation by Wad Sa’d, who was an eye-witness of the defeat.
8:
937:
850:
477:
2056:
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between a British–Egyptian expeditionary force commanded by British Commander-in-Chief (
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2052:
1796:
1446:
1115:, where Churchill takes part in the charge of the 21st Lancers. About that period too,
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645:. Another force, this time sent by the British government, and led by Major General
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1946:
British Artists and War: The Face of Battle in Paintings and Prints, 1700–1914
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1241:
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1111:
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962:. Kitchener was ennobled as a baron, Kitchener of Khartoum, for his victory.
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cut short in the middle of a last prayer. Others were torn to pieces ...
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316:
39:
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1813:
1806:
Filming, faking and propaganda: The origins of the war film, 1897–1902
1119:
mentions his own participation in the battle during the comedy series
1301:
1299:
1021:"The Charge of the 21st Lancers at Omdurman", by Richard C. Woodville
1001:
973:
928:, and the units that used it considered them to be highly effective.
729:
677:
586:
2313:
Omdurman Diaries 1898: Eyewitness Accounts of the Legendary Campaign
1830:
The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan
1128:
The battle was later made an incident in a few 21st century novels.
625:
followed by thousands of Islamic warriors known to the Europeans as
2399:
2146:
1227:
1071:
709:
650:
547:
81:
77:
2102:
Powell, Orlando; Munroe, Walter; Hall, Albert; Banks, H G (1898),
1296:
1239:
Churchill later wrote a two-volume account of the campaign titled
2104:
What will they say in England? : a story of the gallant 21st
1589:
1500:
955:
713:
673:
543:
1056:
How Tommy Won the Victoria Cross: an Incident of the Soudan War
2282:
2142:
Battles that Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict
2058:
Last Poetic Gems: Selected from the Works of William McGonagall
1222:
997:
768:
755:
737:
665:
531:
515:
284:
2261:
Forgotten Heroes – The Charge of the 21st Lancers at Omdurman
1058:(1899) in which English soldiers survive a 'dervish' ambush.
622:
597:
a year later, the remaining Mahdist forces were defeated and
590:
578:
535:
85:
2242:
The Last Charge: the 21st Lancers and the Battle of Omdurman
1992:
With Kitchener in the Soudan: A Story of Atbara and Omdurman
1683:
1565:
941:, which evoked a fierce riposte and defence of Kitchener by
47:
2414:– A report from battle commemoration, originally by Reuters
1613:
1422:
1334:
1332:
1319:
1317:
702:
2188:
Drummer Hodge: The Poetry of the Anglo-Boer War, 1899–1902
2164:
Sharkey, Heather J. (1994). "Mahdist oral praise poetry".
1400:"Charge of the 21st Lancers at Omdurman, 2 September 1898"
1637:
1505:
968:
The River War: An Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan
965:
Churchill published his account of the battle in 1899 as
1454:
1329:
1314:
660:
In 1896 to protect British interests, in particular the
2296:
Harrington, Peter, and Frederic A. Sharf (ed.) (1998).
1882:
1365:
1270:
1230:
in central Sudan, with a population of some 2 million.
1099:'s series of adventure stories for boys. It was titled
954:. Several days after the battle, Kitchener was sent to
2362:
Karari: The Sudanese Account of the Battle of Omdurman
1601:
1553:
2101:
1625:
1595:
1577:
1541:
1529:
1377:
2027:"Sudanese honour warriors who fell fighting British"
1702:
Croft, David; Perry, Jimmy; Webber, Richard (2003).
1517:
637:
on 3 November 1883, an Egyptian force under General
1742:
1286:
1284:
1282:
684:on 7 April 1898, he defeated Mahdist forces led by
613:established their control over Egypt following the
2423:Khartoum Campaign or the Re-conquest of the Soudan
2405:Sudanese honour warriors who fell fighting British
2334:
1968:Harrington, Peter (1998). Edward M. Spiers (ed.).
1730:
1649:
945:(another journalist also present at the battle).
2431:
1701:
1279:
542:. The battle took place on 2 September 1898, at
140:
2279:Omdurman 1898: Kitchener's Victory in the Sudan
1042:, Gilbert S. Wright, Edward Mathew Hale, Capt.
935:(present at the battle as a journalist) in the
828:, all for gallantry shown on 2 September 1898.
247:17,600 Egyptians (including Sudanese soldiers)
1109:and later as a short episode in the 1972 film
2184:
1704:Dad's Army: The Complete Scripts: Scripts 1-8
1619:
1154:but also includes the battle and Kitchener's
672:marched south from Egypt. Kitchener captured
300:
1190:at the Battle of Omdurman was produced for
666:British Commander-in-Chief of Egyptian Army
2076:
2051:
1967:
1942:
1766:Bennett, E. N. (1899a). "After Omdurman".
1607:
1571:
1559:
1323:
1077:The March to Khartoum and Fall of Omdurman
558:, who had been killed when a Mahdist army
554:was also seeking revenge for the death of
307:
293:
2221:Khartoum: The Ultimate Imperial Adventure
1836:
1826:"Ch. XVIII The Reconnaissance of Kerreri"
1820:
1803:
1689:
1583:
1547:
1535:
1460:
1428:
1012:
621:who called himself the Mahdi appeared in
2012:"The Devil's Paintbrush, By Jake Arnott"
1892:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 24 June 2010.
1790:
1765:
1523:
1511:
1440:
1016:
924:, was used in a major battle. It was an
742:
534:), the successor to the self-proclaimed
383:British-Egyptian expeditions (1885–1889)
2329:
2163:
2117:
2009:
1748:
1643:
1484:
1466:
1383:
1186:This illustration of the charge of the
916:The battle was the first time that the
546:, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north of
2432:
2258:
2138:
1896:
1394:
1392:
1371:
1338:
1007:
619:Muhammad Ahmad ibn as-Sayyid Abd Allah
2359:
2298:Omdurman 1898: The Eyewitnesses Speak
2218:
2106:, London: Francis, Day & Hunter,
2065:
2024:
1988:
1917:
1861:The Social History of the Machine Gun
1857:
1780:"Radio 4 Empire – Battle of Omdurman"
1736:
1655:
1631:
1290:
971:. Present as a war correspondent for
908:
288:
2455:Battles involving the United Kingdom
1349:
1347:
1156:railway-building drive through Sudan
21:2008 attack on Omdurman and Khartoum
2398:– an overview of the battle by the
1808:(doctoral). University of Utrecht.
1778:
1389:
1305:
13:
2211:
2010:Kaveney, Roz (15 September 2013).
1434:
14:
2486:
2380:
1971:Sudan: The Reconquest Reappraised
1450:. 15 November 1898. p. 6688.
1361:. blogspot.com. 10 November 2015.
1344:
1070:was also among those inspired to
864:2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays)
2025:Khan., Amil (2 September 2005).
1491:Treatment of wounded at Omdurman
1168:Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan
1090:
881:
870:
866:, attached to the Egyptian Army.
819:
512:Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan
226:
216:
203:
191:
168:
155:
142:
46:
2185:van Wyk Smith, Malvern (1978).
2121:Churchill: Walking with Destiny
2080:A History of War in 100 Battles
2077:Overy, R.J.; Overy, R. (2014).
1832:. Vol. 2. Longmans, Green.
1695:
1661:
1233:
1196:British Battles on Land and Sea
410:Ethiopian campaigns (1885–1889)
314:
2055:(1968). James L. Smith (ed.).
2005:– via Project Gutenberg.
1210:
1201:
1180:
53:The Charge of the 21st Lancers
16:1898 battle of the Mahdist War
1:
2277:Featherstone, Donald (1993).
1989:Henty, George Alfred (1903).
1900:Kitchener. Hero and Anti-Hero
1793:The Downfall of the Dervishes
1252:
1046:, Major John C. Mathews, and
824:Four awards were made of the
716:were placed on either flank.
604:
432:Italian campaigns (1890–1894)
1722:See e.g. Series 4 Episode 8
1257:
1101:With Kitchener in the Soudan
1032:Robert Alexander Hillingford
892:
887:Khedive's Sudan Medal (1897)
327:Mahdist uprising (1881–1885)
7:
1837:Churchill, Winston (1906).
1725:The Two and a Half Feathers
1207:Colonel in the British Army
1161:
918:Mark IV hollow point bullet
629:and to the Mahdists as the
570:as well as a young Captain
522:and a Sudanese army of the
460:British-Egyptian reconquest
10:
2493:
2450:Battles of the Mahdist War
2069:Omdurman: And Other Verses
1943:Harrington, Peter (1993).
1843:. Vol. 1. Macmillan.
1758:
682:Battle of the Atbara River
676:on 21 September 1896, and
609:On 13 September 1882, the
18:
2124:. Penguin Books Limited.
1995:. Library of Alexandria.
1081:Omdurman and other verses
992:and 'Omdurman Street' in
814:
695:
680:on 7 August 1897. At the
520:Horatio Herbert Kitchener
324:
264:
238:
222:Unknown Egyptian officers
181:
134:
60:
45:
37:
32:
1897:Faught, C. Brad (2016).
1791:Bennett, E. N. (1899b).
1496:26 November 2022 at the
1173:
958:, due to the developing
952:Battle of Umm Diwaykarat
595:Battle of Umm Diwaykarat
126:British–Egyptian victory
19:Not to be confused with
2460:Battles involving Sudan
2311:Meredith, John (1998).
2219:Asher, Michael (2005).
2085:Oxford University Press
2061:. Dundee: David Winter.
1889:Encyclopedia Britannica
1840:Lord Randolph Churchill
1272:Encyclopedia Britannica
1036:Richard Caton Woodville
2389:Original reports from
1708:Orion Publishing Group
1324:Overy & Overy 2014
1150:(2009) is the life of
1148:The Devil's Paintbrush
1131:The Triumph of the Sun
1022:
1013:Contemporary responses
914:
842:Raymond de Montmorency
751:
655:Abdallahi ibn Muhammad
615:Battle of Tel el Kebir
528:Abdallahi ibn Muhammad
510:was fought during the
233:Abdallahi ibn Muhammad
182:Commanders and leaders
56:by Edward Matthew Hale
2475:September 1898 events
2300:. London: Greenhill.
2066:Moore, Annie (1901).
1858:Ellis, John (1981) .
1480:on 25 September 2008.
1040:William Barnes Wollen
1020:
900:
808:Lincolnshire Regiment
746:
389:Emin Pasha Expedition
265:Casualties and losses
107:15.75194°N 32.52000°E
2410:21 July 2018 at the
2360:Zulfo, I.H. (1980).
2263:. London: Infodial.
2259:Dutton, Roy (2012).
2118:Roberts, A. (2018).
1974:. Psychology Press.
1918:Ferry, John (2008).
1884:"Battle of Omdurman"
1786:. 26 September 2005.
1692:, p. 6, Ch. IV.
1677:Museum of Modern Art
1117:Lance Corporal Jones
979:Colonel Frank Rhodes
749:National Army Museum
599:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
2223:. London: Penguin.
2139:Tucker, S. (2011).
2053:McGonagall, William
1768:Contemporary Review
1341:, pp. 375–376.
1194:’s 1915 edition of
1008:Cultural depictions
938:Contemporary Review
876:Queen's Sudan Medal
851:Paul Aloysius Kenna
103: /
2387:Battle of Omdurman
1822:Churchill, Winston
1646:, pp. 95–110.
1620:van Wyk Smith 1978
1596:Powell et al. 1898
1574:, pp. 82–110.
1447:The London Gazette
1431:, pp. 82–164.
1068:William McGonagall
1023:
922:arsenal in Dum Dum
752:
508:Battle of Omdurman
163:Khedivate of Egypt
112:15.75194; 32.52000
33:Battle of Omdurman
2445:Conflicts in 1898
2371:978-0-7232-2677-2
2352:978-0-394-48936-0
2325:978-0-85052-607-3
2306:978-1-85367-333-7
2291:978-1-85532-368-1
2270:978-0-9556554-5-6
2254:978-1-86126-189-2
2230:978-0-14-025855-4
2202:978-0-19-812082-7
2156:978-1-59884-429-0
2131:978-0-241-20564-8
2094:978-0-19-939071-7
2002:978-1-4655-5757-5
1981:978-0-7146-4749-4
1960:978-1-85367-157-9
1935:978-0-7090-8516-4
1910:978-1-78453-350-2
1875:978-0-405-14209-3
1850:978-1-4655-8184-6
1671:The Four Feathers
1514:, pp. 18–33.
1410:on 27 August 2016
1374:, pp. 84–85.
1220:, his successor (
1218:siege of Khartoum
1106:The Four Feathers
947:Winston Churchill
793:Winston Churchill
705:, where a twelve
670:Herbert Kitchener
643:Battle of Shaykan
601:was established.
568:Winston Churchill
560:captured Khartoum
501:
500:
283:
282:
198:Herbert Kitchener
130:
129:
2482:
2375:
2356:
2340:
2274:
2234:
2206:
2181:
2160:
2135:
2114:
2098:
2073:
2062:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2035:. Archived from
2021:
2006:
1985:
1964:
1939:
1914:
1893:
1879:
1854:
1833:
1817:
1800:
1787:
1775:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1721:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1634:, pp. 7–22.
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1476:. Archived from
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1406:. Archived from
1396:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1351:
1342:
1336:
1327:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1288:
1277:
1268:
1246:
1237:
1231:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1184:
1152:Hector MacDonald
1028:Stanley Berkeley
960:Fashoda Incident
926:expanding bullet
912:
885:
874:
823:
800:Hector MacDonald
789:Victoria Crosses
690:Khalifa Abdullah
593:. Following the
518:) major general
319:
309:
302:
295:
286:
285:
231:
230:
221:
220:
210:Hector MacDonald
208:
207:
196:
195:
174:
172:
171:
161:
159:
158:
152:
148:
146:
145:
118:
117:
115:
114:
113:
108:
104:
101:
100:
99:
96:
68:2 September 1898
62:
61:
50:
30:
29:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2470:Cavalry charges
2430:
2429:
2418:Bennet Burleigh
2412:Wayback Machine
2383:
2378:
2372:
2353:
2317:Pen & Sword
2271:
2244:. Marlborough:
2238:Brighton, Terry
2231:
2214:
2212:Further reading
2209:
2203:
2193:Clarendon Press
2157:
2132:
2095:
2042:
2040:
2017:The Independent
2003:
1982:
1961:
1951:Greenhill Books
1936:
1911:
1903:. I.B. Tauris.
1876:
1851:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1718:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1608:McGonagall 1968
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1572:Harrington 1998
1570:
1566:
1560:Harrington 1993
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1498:Wayback Machine
1489:
1485:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1366:
1359:Obscure Battles
1355:"Omdurman 1898"
1353:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1330:
1322:
1315:
1304:
1297:
1289:
1280:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1238:
1234:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1192:Sir Evelyn Wood
1185:
1181:
1176:
1164:
1093:
1064:Léonard Gautier
1015:
1010:
943:Bennet Burleigh
913:
907:
895:
817:
773:Nordenfelt guns
698:
607:
504:
503:
502:
497:
320:
315:
313:
278:
276:
271:
260:52,000 warriors
249:
246:
225:
215:
214:
202:
190:
169:
167:
156:
154:
153:
143:
141:
111:
109:
105:
102:
97:
94:
92:
90:
89:
88:
55:
51:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2490:
2489:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2428:
2427:
2415:
2402:
2393:
2382:
2381:External links
2379:
2377:
2376:
2370:
2357:
2351:
2331:Ziegler, Phili
2327:
2309:
2294:
2275:
2269:
2256:
2235:
2229:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2182:
2166:Sudanic Africa
2161:
2155:
2136:
2130:
2115:
2099:
2093:
2074:
2072:. W.C. Lister.
2063:
2049:
2039:on 23 May 2021
2022:
2007:
2001:
1986:
1980:
1965:
1959:
1940:
1934:
1921:After Omdurman
1915:
1909:
1894:
1880:
1874:
1855:
1849:
1834:
1818:
1801:
1788:
1776:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1717:978-0752860244
1716:
1694:
1690:Bottomore 2007
1682:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1584:Bottomore 2007
1576:
1564:
1552:
1548:Churchill 1899
1540:
1536:Churchill 1906
1528:
1516:
1504:
1483:
1465:
1463:, p. 199.
1461:Churchill 1899
1453:
1433:
1429:Churchill 1899
1421:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1343:
1328:
1326:, p. 124.
1313:
1295:
1278:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1232:
1209:
1200:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1140:After Omdurman
1092:
1089:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
933:Ernest Bennett
920:, made in the
905:
894:
891:
868:
867:
857:
848:
844:, Lieutenant,
839:
826:Victoria Cross
816:
813:
761:R.G. Broadwood
697:
694:
668:Major General
647:Charles Gordon
606:
603:
556:General Gordon
540:Muhammad Ahmad
499:
498:
496:
495:
493:Umm Diwaykarat
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
456:
455:
450:
445:
440:
429:
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349:
344:
339:
334:
325:
322:
321:
312:
311:
304:
297:
289:
281:
280:
279:5,000 captured
277:13,000 wounded
275:12,000 killed
273:
267:
266:
262:
261:
258:
245:8,200 British,
241:
240:
236:
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213:
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200:
187:
184:
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165:
150:United Kingdom
137:
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58:
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35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:1898 in Sudan
2438:
2437:
2435:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2397:
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2299:
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2276:
2272:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
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2222:
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2216:
2204:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2183:
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2175:
2171:
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2133:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2032:Sudan Tribune
2028:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
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1674:
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1664:
1657:
1652:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1622:, p. 28.
1621:
1616:
1609:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1556:
1549:
1544:
1537:
1532:
1525:
1524:Bennett 1899b
1520:
1513:
1512:Bennett 1899a
1508:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1386:, p. 65.
1385:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1244:
1243:
1242:The River War
1236:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1112:Young Winston
1108:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1091:Later fiction
1088:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1048:Allan Stewart
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1019:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
986:
984:
981:, brother of
980:
976:
975:
970:
969:
963:
961:
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
939:
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
910:
904:
899:
890:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
865:
861:
858:
856:
852:
849:
847:
843:
840:
838:
834:
831:
830:
829:
827:
822:
812:
809:
803:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
757:
750:
745:
741:
739:
735:
731:
725:
723:
717:
715:
711:
708:
704:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
649:proceeded to
648:
644:
640:
639:William Hicks
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:Mahdist State
521:
517:
513:
509:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
464:
463:
461:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
434:
433:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
412:
411:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
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387:
386:
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384:
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375:
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368:
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355:
353:
350:
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345:
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335:
333:
330:
329:
328:
323:
318:
310:
305:
303:
298:
296:
291:
290:
287:
274:
269:
268:
263:
259:
257:
254:
253:
248:
243:
242:
237:
234:
229:
224:
219:
211:
206:
201:
199:
194:
189:
188:
186:
185:
180:
177:
176:Mahdist State
166:
164:
151:
139:
138:
133:
125:
122:
121:
116:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
54:
49:
44:
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
2421:
2390:
2361:
2341:. New York:
2336:
2315:. Barnsley:
2312:
2297:
2278:
2260:
2241:
2220:
2187:
2169:
2165:
2141:
2120:
2103:
2079:
2068:
2057:
2041:. Retrieved
2037:the original
2030:
2015:
1991:
1970:
1945:
1920:
1899:
1887:
1864:. New York:
1860:
1839:
1829:
1805:
1792:
1783:
1771:
1767:
1749:Kaveney 2013
1744:
1732:
1723:
1703:
1697:
1685:
1670:
1663:
1651:
1644:Sharkey 1994
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1486:
1478:the original
1468:
1456:
1445:
1436:
1424:
1412:. Retrieved
1408:the original
1403:
1384:Roberts 2018
1379:
1367:
1358:
1306:
1271:
1266:
1240:
1235:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1195:
1188:21st Lancers
1182:
1147:
1139:
1136:Wilbur Smith
1129:
1127:
1120:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1044:Adrian Jones
1024:
987:
972:
966:
964:
936:
930:
915:
911:, p. 86
901:
896:
880:
869:
860:Nevill Smyth
855:21st Lancers
846:21st Lancers
837:21st Lancers
833:Thomas Byrne
818:
804:
797:
781:21st Lancers
777:
765:camel troops
753:
726:
722:Ali wad Hilu
718:
699:
659:
608:
583:machine guns
576:
572:Douglas Haig
564:21st Lancers
552:
507:
505:
487:
458:
457:
431:
430:
409:
408:
382:
381:
326:
255:
251:
250:
244:
135:Belligerents
52:
38:Part of the
25:
2396:Om Der Man!
1926:Robert Hale
1442:"No. 27023"
1414:21 November
1404:Army Museum
1372:Faught 2016
1339:Tucker 2011
1144:Jake Arnott
990:Southampton
862:, Captain,
853:, Captain,
835:, Private,
785:Crimean War
734:volley fire
686:Osman Dinga
532:the Khalifa
462:(1896–1899)
448:2nd Agordat
438:1st Agordat
317:Mahdist War
272:382 wounded
110: /
40:Mahdist War
2434:Categories
2281:. London:
2191:. Oxford:
2172:: 95–110.
1866:Arno Press
1814:1874/22650
1795:. London:
1737:Ferry 2008
1656:Henty 1903
1632:Moore 1901
1474:"Dum Dums"
1291:Khan. 2005
1253:References
1134:(2005) by
1122:Dad's Army
1097:G.A. Henty
994:Freshwater
909:Ellis 1981
730:Maxim guns
662:Suez Canal
617:. In 1883
605:Background
270:47–48 dead
98:32°31′12″E
95:15°45′07″N
2391:The Times
2364:. Warne.
1258:Citations
1002:Australia
974:The Times
893:Aftermath
678:Abu Hamed
627:Dervishes
587:artillery
526:, led by
478:Abu Hamed
421:Guté Dili
2465:Omdurman
2408:Archived
2400:War Nerd
2337:Omdurman
2333:(1974).
2240:(1998).
2178:25653247
2147:ABC-CLIO
2112:47041557
1824:(1899).
1494:Archived
1228:Khartoum
1162:See also
1072:doggerel
906:—
738:trenches
710:flotilla
651:Khartoum
635:El Obeid
548:Omdurman
488:Omdurman
443:Serobeti
426:Gallabat
367:Kirbekan
357:Abu Klea
352:Khartoum
239:Strength
82:Khartoum
78:Omdurman
73:Location
2246:Crowood
2043:27 July
1797:Methuen
1759:Sources
1673:. 1939"
1501:Hansard
1223:Khalifa
956:Fashoda
714:cavalry
707:gunboat
674:Dongola
611:British
544:Kerreri
453:Kassala
362:Abu Kru
337:Shaykan
2426:, 1898
2368:
2349:
2323:
2304:
2289:
2283:Osprey
2267:
2252:
2227:
2199:
2176:
2153:
2128:
2110:
2091:
1999:
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