1023:
1075:
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995:"Immediately after the landing, Gavin ordered Colonel Lindquist’s 508th regiment to head for the bridge along the east side of the city, avoiding the built-up area. But due to a misunderstanding, Lindquist thought he was to advance only after he secured his other objectives. As a result, he moved towards Nijmegen late in the afternoon through the built-up area which Gavin had wanted him to avoid. The surprise effect of his attack was lost. German troops (some from Gräbner's squadron) prevented the Americans from taking the bridge."
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864:, where a vital part of Germany's war industry was located. The airborne landings were given the codename "Market," and the ground force operation was given codename "Garden." The airborne drop would capture the bridges, and the ground forces would be the main invasion. The airborne drop would secure the bridges that were vulnerable to being blown up by the Germans and protect the invasion route. The operation may have been sufficient to finish the war before the end of 1944.
778:
1347:, who still resided in London, ordered the dismissal of all pro-Nazi judges appointed by the Germans, but also the temporary suspension of all other judges of the Supreme Court, including those who had already been appointed before the war, which was unconstitutional. Besides, although Nijmegen already lay in liberated territory, most judges who were fired by the Zuivering-Decree were still in occupied areas, leading to a complex legal situation.
1262:). Attempts were made to still turn the Battle of Arnhem into an Allied success now that the forces were linked up, but these were thwarted on 23 September. On 24 September, the XXX Corps' generals decided in the Valburg Conference to abandon Market Garden, pull the troops out of Arnhem, and let the frontline fall back to Nijmegen. Remaining British troops tried to escape to the south, or hide in occupied territory. During
1366:"I have no idea what Nijmegen used to look like; there was probably quite a sweet old part to the city, judging from some of the ruins (...) but due to uninterrupted shelling for a month or more the place looks now as if it had been abandoned years ago, following an earthquake and a flood. Today Nijmegen is a town where people sleep in cellars and walk with care on the streets, listening hard for incoming shells."
966:
1380:
During the Battle of
Nijmegen, there were only two reporters with the 82nd Airborne Division at hotel Sionshof, and they were both busy covering the actions on the Groesbeek Heights. Therefore, contemporary British and American press did not pay much attention to what was happening in Nijmegen, which
1335:
around Mad
Tuesday. Petrus van der Velden was installed as the new burgemeester on 19 September. This aroused a lot of criticism from the Nijmegeners, because during his previous tenure as burgemeester (1 May 1942 – 24 February 1943) he had complied more with the commands of the German occupiers than
768:
Delays caused by hastily-organised German reinforcements at
Nijmegen ultimately led to the failure of Operation Market Garden. It took the Allies longer than expected to secure a land route to Arnhem, where the British and Polish forces were forced south of the Rhine and sustained massive casualties.
1392:
In the course of the war, 10,000 Nijmegeners were wounded, 5,500 of whom were permanently disabled. 5,000 houses (nearly a quarter) were destroyed, and another 13,000 homes were more or less heavily damaged. With 12,000 homeless people and another 3,000 evacuees from the surrounding areas, there was
1013:
Both the
Germans and the Americans received reinforcements (the latter first Company B 1/508th, later other companies). However, when the German 406th Infantry Division attacked the landing zones near Groesbeek in the morning of 18 September, almost the entire 1/508th was pulled back. Only Company G
1303:
by the
Germans on 23 September – which could have prevented hundreds of extra civilian casualties. The German forces especially tried to destroy the Waal Bridge on several occasions in numerous ways, but they failed every time. The best attempt took place on 29 September, just before 17:30. A group
1057:
as the 500 man strong 'Kampfgruppe Euling', used the still intact Waal Bridge and dug in at the
Hunnerpark. These reinforcements enabled the SS to regroup under the command of Sturmbannführer Leo Reinhold, who set up his headquarters on the north Waal bank. Fallschirmjäger Oberst Henke prepared the
1052:
On 18 September, Model sent reinforcements from Arnhem to keep the Waal Bridge out of the Allies' hands. Because elements of the
British 1st Airborne Division were still in control of the Arnhem bridge at the time, the 1. Kompagnie SS-Panzer-Pionier-Abteilung commanded by SS-UntersturmfĂĽhrer Werner
973:
On 17 September at 12:30, Companies D, E and F of the 504th PIR (placed under the 82nd
Division for the operation) were dropped near the Grave Bridge, which was seized and defended successfully against German counterattacks after a two to three hour firefight. The 1st Battalion of the 504th, led by
821:
was the railway station area (which the
Germans used for weapons transport), but because the attack was carelessly executed, most bombs dropped on residential buildings in the city centre, killing about 800 civilians. After the fact, the Nazis seized on the incident, and focused their propaganda on
1119:
to find boats to cross the Waal. Initially, Cook had no idea where to get them. Eventually, canvas boats had to be transported from
Belgium, delaying the Waal crossing by a day. Originally, these would be 32 boats, but underway a truck carrying six boats was destroyed, and so only 26 reached their
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to determine their strategy. The binational force was split in two groups: the western group would take the Railway Bridge, and the eastern group the Road Bridge. The arrival of the British gave Gavin the necessary sense of security to send some of his troops from the Groesbeek Heights to join the
1030:
The Allies' greatest fear was that the Germans would blow up the Road Bridge, which would render Market Garden a failure. Indeed, the Germans had already installed explosives on the bridge, ready to be detonated when that would be deemed necessary, but this never happened during the entire battle.
1110:
Soon it became apparent that a mere head-on assault on the German positions might take several more days. However, the Allies did not have that much time to spare in relieving the British troops in Arnhem. It necessitated capturing the north end of both bridges to isolate the German forces on the
1384:
Historian Joost Rosendaal found out that the Bombing of Nijmegen of 22 February 1944 has been registered in collective memory much more clearly than the liberation and the five months as a front line city, even though these caused roughly the same number of casualties. The city suffered about 7%
1179:
By the late afternoon, 3/504th had taken the northern end of the railway bridge, and began preparations for a German counterattack. Instead, however, at dusk about 200 to 300 German soldiers approached the Americans to surrender. Around the same time, the Waal Bridge's northern end was seized by
1128:
To make the river crossing a success, a renewed attack on the bridge's south sides was needed to divert the enemy's attention and firepower. Nijmegen's city centre had to be swept clean systematically first, block by block. This operation began in the morning of 20 September at 08:30, succeeding
1039:
allegedly sabotaged the explosives, but this remains uncertain. However, when he was arrested and executed by the Germans the next day, he was soon heroised as the "Saviour of the Waal Bridge". An official investigation after the war concluded the Germans would have had enough time to charge the
1009:
Around 22:00, Companies A and B of 1/508th advanced, whilst C waited. Company A was guided by a member of the Dutch resistance for about 8 km until a crossroads at the southern end of Nijmegen, where he suddenly disappeared and was never seen again. After long waiting, the American soldiers
1169:
were to provide air support, but flak shot one down, after which the other returned to England. The men of the 3/504th were fired on by German tanks, artillery and small arms, suffering heavy losses (48 paratroopers were killed with several dozens more were wounded). Some boats capsized or sank
1010:
decided to march on. Several blocks before the Keizer Karelplein, a platoon came under fire by a German machine gun, which, however, was soon taken out. On the square, a major firefight broke out: German soldiers shot at the paratroopers from the square's centre and the houses surrounding it.
1183:
Time was ticking away for the British tanks and artillery on the south bank of the Waal, as their munitions were running low. This and unforeseen delays in supply logistics presented a long-term problem, because of the munitions required by XXX Corps to complete its advance to the Rhine.
1316:. The Germans counterattacked the Nijmegen salient from 30 September to 8 October, but were repelled with heavy losses. The photograph shows DUKWS from 536 Company RASC commanded by Major Preston John Hurman. Page 6 of his company diary written by Captain Parker records this event.
1058:
Railway Bridge's defences. The two roundabouts and beltway were reinforced during the next 48 hours. The Americans would have to wait for the XXX Corps' help in taking the bridges, even though according to the planning, they should have been captured before the British arrival.
986:
At about 18:00 on 17 September, the 1st Battalion, 508th PIR (1/508th) left its half-dug trenches at Groesbeek and advanced towards Nijmegen to take the Road Bridge. Ironically, this particular initiative may have resulted from miscommunication between Gavin and Colonel
789:
at Nijmegen was an important natural barrier, which was not overarched until 1879 by the Railway Bridge, and in 1936 by the Road Bridge, commonly known as the Waal Bridge. At the time, the Waal Bridge was a remarkable feat of engineering: it was the longest
1035:, commander of the German forces in the Netherlands, counted on an Allied defeat at Arnhem. This meant the bridge could still be of use for a large-scale counteroffensive, and so it was not destroyed on 17 September. On 18 September, resistance member
822:
it, attempting to sway popular opinion against the Allies. Their efforts failed, however, and may have even been counterproductive. On the eve of Market Garden, most Nijmegeners were passionately awaiting Allied liberation, despite the bombardment.
880:
The success of Market Garden depended on the timely and intact capture of a number of bridges in the southeastern Netherlands by American, British, Polish and Canadian airborne forces. These were to clear the way, Highway 69 or later nicknamed
1040:
bridge with explosives once more and demolish it anyway; however, they again did not do so out of strategic considerations. According to another hypothesis, the Germans supposedly failed to blow up the bridge on 20 September, because the
1014:
3/508th stayed in town in an attempt to capture the Road Bridge anyway. They relinquished the Keizer Karelplein, and tried a more eastern route, systematically cleaning up every German guard post underway, and almost reaching the bridge.
1298:
After the Allied withdrawal from Arnhem and the Betuwe, the frontline was again at Nijmegen, which would be bombarded regularly for the next five months. Historians wonder why Nijmegen was not evacuated right after liberation –just like
1161:
The planned crossing at 8:00 had to be delayed time and again because of logistical problems: the supply of canvas boats by truck from Belgium was difficult, since Hell's Highway was narrow, and constantly blocked by burnt-out vehicles.
1217:
had to surrender the northern end of the Arnhem Bridge to the Germans. A rapid advance from Nijmegen to Arnhem to retake the bridge, was blocked by a combination of factors, including sunset, unfamiliarity with the terrain ahead (the
944:, the Railway Bridge and, most importantly of all, the Waal Bridge near Nijmegen. The 82nd's main body and the 504th PIR would land north and south of Grave to capture the first 5 bridges, while the 505th and 508th PIRs would jump at
848:, when one exaggerated rumour after another fed the hope that liberation would occur in a matter of hours. However, the German forces managed to regroup, and would not be driven out of the Netherlands without a fight. British general
1098:
At 16:00, the Anglo-American combat forces moved into town, resulting in a heavy firefight at the Keizer Lodewijkplein. The British tanks and armour exchanged fire with the German anti-tank cannons and infantry entrenched at the
1234:. The march of XXX Corps was delayed for another 18 hours after the Waal Bridge's conquest, but eventually it was so worn out after five days of combat, that the offensive could not be resumed. On 21 September, a battle near
1312:") succeeded in placing floating mines on both bridges, managing to destroy the middle section of the Railway Bridge, and blowing a hole in the road deck of the Road Bridge. However, the latter could be saved with a British
1385:(over two thousand) of all war deaths in the Netherlands, which is far out of proportion. Moreover, many of the fallen were not commemorated officially for many years, because they were 'pointless' civilian casualties; the
1129:
unexpectedly quickly. The occupying force was easily pushed back, as long as it could delay the Allies. Much of the combat took place on rooftops, where paratroopers rapidly hopped from one rooftop to the next. Only in the
1187:
In the battle for the Waal Bridge in the Hunnerpark and on the Keizer Lodewijkplein, over 300 of Kampfgruppe Euling's 500 soldiers lost their lives, 60 were taken prisoner, and the rest were able to escape.
982:
was captured by the Americans. At around 02:30 on 18 September, Companies F, D and HQ occupied Grave without any resistance; they waited until the arrival of the British XXX Corps, which came at 08:30.
687:
1111:
south bank. To accomplish this, infantry would have to cross the river under fire. The 3rd Battalion, 504th PIR crossed the Heumen bridge in the evening of 19 September, and set up camp in the
510:
1331:
Marius van Lokhorst and the more moderate NSB locum burgemeester Hermanus Hondius were put out of office by the Allies. Hondius fled to Arnhem, whilst Van Lokhorst had already fled to
1103:
fortress, while the American paratroopers fortified themselves in residential buildings on the square's south side. Meanwhile, heavy German artillery bombarded the attackers from
1230:
and 2 infantry companies), ongoing firefights and chaos in Nijmegen, and continuous logistical problems on "Hell's Highway", due to events such as the German counterattacks near
1022:
429:
832:
and made a rushed, chaotic retreat to Germany, leaving the Allies to capture Northern France and Belgium in a matter of days. Reports spread that the British had conquered
991:, commander of 1/508th PIR, allowing a delayed advance on the bridge giving German troops enough time to occupy the bridge. The 82nd Division's own website states:
503:
856:. These would quickly seize several crucial bridges across major rivers, after which the heavy armour could advance straight through the Netherlands, along
1173:
Despite the losses, at least 16 boats survived the initial crossing. A field telephone line was laid on the riverbed for communication across the river.
1967:
496:
974:
Major Harrison, had to seize the four Canal bridges, designated as no. 7, 8, 9 and 10. Bridge 8 was destroyed by the Germans at 16:15; Bridge 9 near
422:
1611:
1165:
The crossing finally took place at 15:00, about two kilometres downstream from the Waal Bridge, near the old Gelderland Power Plant. Two British
1325:
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Baumgärtel and the 2. Bataillon SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 19 under leadership of SS-Hauptsturmführer Karl-Heinz Euling crossed the Rhine at
1074:
1558:
415:
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his predecessor. On 16 October 1944, he was succeeded by Charles Hustinx, who would remain burgemeester of Nijmegen until 1 January 1968.
1389:
commemorations preferred to give attention to 'heroic sacrifices' such as soldiers and resistance members who 'died for the fatherland'.
1255:
746:
1343:, which the Germans temporarily moved from The Hague to Nijmegen in 1943, was partially purged after the liberation. Justice Minister
1100:
1639:
1355:
925:
921:
917:
769:
In addition, fighting at Nijmegen cost hundreds of civilian lives, and caused significant damage to many buildings in the city.
742:
308:
2174:
All American, All the Way: From Market Garden to Berlin. A Combat History of the 82nd Airborne Division in World War II
317:
54:
and north-east central Nijmegen, damaged during the battle. Photo taken on 28 September 1944 from the Dominican Church.
1474:
1133:, where the elite SS troops of Kampfgruppe Henke had a clear field of fire, did the advance go slowly. Meanwhile, the
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2126:
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as well. This gave rise to a euphoric ambiance throughout the Netherlands on the next day, later known as
2245:
1238:
obstructed further progress of the XXX Corps and the Guards Armoured Division on the road to Arnhem. The
1180:
another group after heavy fighting. The 1st Battalion then relieved the 3rd to guard the railway bridge.
2240:
1284:
1201:
894:
644:
272:
2001:
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1263:
799:
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468:
1507:
Historische route De slag om Arnhem: langs de sporen van operatie Market Garden 17-26 september 1944
898:
283:
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When the British XXX Corps could finally cross the Waal Bridge, it was too late to relieve Arnhem.
738:
709:
535:
439:
190:
32:
1259:
1112:
913:
720:
261:
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then designed the ambitious plan Market Garden, to surprise the Germans by the deployment of
818:
627:
580:
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Corjo Jansen en Derk Venema, De Hoge Raad en de Tweede Wereldoorlog, Boom, Amsterdam, 2011.
1300:
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had fortified themselves against a superior German enemy that vastly outnumbered them) via
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803:
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295:
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In several waves, most of the assault force from 3/504th succeeded in crossing the river.
45:
8:
2118:
The Battle of the Bridges: The 504 Parachute Infantry Regiment in Operation Market Garden
1764:
941:
814:
810:. In the course of the German occupation, the bridge was repaired, and reopened in 1943.
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633:
601:
591:
1213:
Around the same time the Nijmegen bridges were captured, the British paratroopers under
1991:
National Archives WO 171 2493 536 Coy RASC War diary Jan-Dec 1944 Accessed 23 June 2023
1086:(British 1st Airborne Corps), Gavin (82nd Airborne Division), Horrocks (XXX Corps) and
1083:
933:
849:
829:
656:
620:
610:
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2150:
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1950:
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1214:
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949:
673:
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233:
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1090:(British Guards Armoured Division) held a meeting in the morning of 19 September in
1235:
1223:
1130:
1104:
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to secure the vital Groesbeek Heights to block any German counterattacks from the
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1266:(25–26 September), more than 2,400 of them were evacuated with Canadian help.
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369:
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played an important role on 22 September by creating a side corridor to
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Nijmegian civilians ride along on a jeep during the advance (20 Sept.).
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1054:
945:
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952:, to advance towards Nijmegen and lastly to occupy the Waal Bridge.
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This German anti-tank gun was used in the battle of the Hunnerpark.
833:
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728:
75:
51:
2029:
The Purge of Dutch Quislings: Emergency Justice in the Netherlands
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in time, Germany might be defeated and the war ended before 1945.
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1227:
886:
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British soldiers dismantle German explosives on the Waal Bridge.
1919:
Operation Market-Garden 1944 (2): The British Airborne Missions
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Operation Market-Garden 1944 (2): The British Airborne Missions
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1219:
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was blown up at 20:15 as well; but at 19:00, Bridge 7 near
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and artillery. If this firepower could be moved across all
861:
1123:
1949:
See actual combat report at the bottom of this webpage:
1792:
825:
That liberation seemed to come soon when in late August
723:' primary goal was to capture the two bridges over the
1800:"Gedenksteen van Jan van Hoof op het Joris Ivensplein"
1047:
840:
on 3 and 4 September, and allegedly –but incorrectly–
753:, 10 miles (16 km) north of Nijmegen. The Allied
2032:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 96.
1148:
1475:
Battle of Nijmegen: Taking the Bridges Over the Waal
932:, was tasked with taking all of the bridges between
763:
heavy fighting for control of bridges over the Rhine
708:, occurred from 17 to 20 September 1944, as part of
1785:
1783:
1951:http://www.pegasusarchive.org/arnhem/war_23rce.htm
1612:"Bombardement geen vergissing, wel een 'faux pas'"
1381:had to be reconstructed from other sources later.
1115:at 21:15. Brigadier General Gavin ordered Captain
1205:British Sherman tank passes a knocked-out German
518:
2207:
2121:. Havertown, Pennsylvania: Casemate Publishers.
1780:
1590:. Nijmegen: Uitgeverij Vantilt. pp. 171–3.
802:, the Waal Bridge had been demolished by Dutch
1965:
95:Allied march resumed, but too late to win the
1922:. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 71.
1556:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1270:(22–23 October) managed to save another 100.
1141:charged the U.S. formations at Groesbeek and
1017:
936:and Arnhem. The bridges in question were the
504:
423:
92:Nijmegen, the road and rail bridges conquered
2146:Nijmegen: U.S. 82nd Airborne Division - 1944
2114:
1673:. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 9.
1536:
1534:
1350:
1062:19 September: battle of Keizer Lodewijkplein
1581:
1579:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1437:"De Waalbrug gered doch Nijmegen verwoest!"
437:
1454:
1434:
893:bank for the advance of the heavily armed
511:
497:
430:
416:
16:1944 battle in the Netherlands during WWII
2075:. New York: Grove/Atlantic. p. 130.
1585:
1531:
1503:
1005:17 September: battle of Keizer Karelplein
139:
2142:
2068:
1576:
1510:. Delft: Uitgeverij Elmar. p. 145.
1490:
1354:
1283:
1256:Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade
1200:
1152:
1149:20 September 15:00 : Waal Crossing
1073:
1065:
1021:
964:
961:The Grave, Canal and Road (Waal) bridges
871:
776:
2170:
1961:
1959:
1559:"De Waalbrug was niet kapot te krijgen"
1319:
1124:20 September: battle of Nijmegen centre
955:
928:(PIRs)– commanded by Brigadier General
2208:
1968:"Het bombardement was geen vergissing"
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1273:
1246:(where the British parachutists under
1145:, but failed to force a breakthrough.
2025:
1486:The 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment
860:, Nijmegen and Arnhem, and reach the
492:
411:
1956:
1915:
1666:
1604:
1393:an extreme post-war housing crisis.
1082:The British and American commanders
999:
1648:. NPO Geschiedenis. 20 January 2004
1543:
1048:18 September: German reinforcements
969:The 82nd Division drops near Grave.
757:units at Arnhem were surrounded by
361:(XXX Corps/Guards Armored Division)
13:
2108:
2006:Huis van de Nijmeegse Geschiedenis
1632:
926:508th Parachute Infantry Regiments
806:to prevent a rapid advance of the
800:German invasion of the Netherlands
14:
2257:
2192:
1557:Niels de Laat (26 October 2013).
747:1st Independent Parachute Brigade
1966:Onno Havermans (28 March 2009).
1362:
1341:Supreme Court of the Netherlands
1288:The Railway Bridge sabotaged by
813:On 22 February 1944, the Allied
368:
351:
312:
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288:
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266:
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2019:
1994:
1985:
1943:
1909:
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1739:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1703:
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1240:43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division
1196:
385:(504th Waal River & Bridge)
1586:Verhoeven, Dolly, ed. (2009).
1479:
1468:
1435:Rob Essers (14 January 2011).
1428:
1402:
1345:Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart
1280:Battle of the Nijmegen salient
1222:), German reinforcements near
867:
1:
2199:War deaths Nijmegen 1940-1945
1396:
798:. On 10 May 1940, during the
772:
522:Liberation of the Netherlands
2115:van Lunteren, Frank (2014).
1410:"Historische @tlas Nijmegen"
1191:
940:, four bridges spanning the
876:Paradroppings near Nijmegen.
688:Chronology of the liberation
7:
2149:. Barnsley: Pen and Sword.
1736:Van Lunteren, p. 93–95, 98.
1640:"Bombardement van Nijmegen"
901:), consisting of dozens of
10:
2262:
1277:
1018:Waal Bridge not demolished
741:– and relieve the British
731:– the road route over the
380:( 508th at Wyler and Beek)
2069:Gellhorn, Martha (2014).
1843:Van Lunteren, p. 115–117.
1745:Van Lunteren, p. 101–102.
1351:Historiography and memory
1301:Arnhem would be evacuated
1135:II. Fallschirmjäger Corps
817:took place. Its intended
530:
449:
358:200-300 killed or missing
343:
248:
155:
108:
58:
43:
30:
25:
2026:Mason, Henry L. (1952).
1504:Spanjaard, Aard (2013).
1209:in Oosterhout (27 Sept).
899:Guards Armoured Division
761:forces, and involved in
284:Guards Armoured Division
2226:1944 in the Netherlands
2216:Operation Market Garden
1953:Retrieved 7 April 2020.
1718:Van Lunteren, p. 71-78.
1254:(just liberated by the
1107:across the river Waal.
781:The Market Garden plan.
739:Nijmegen railway bridge
710:Operation Market Garden
441:Operation Market Garden
318:10th SS Panzer Division
191:Reuben Henry Tucker III
33:Operation Market Garden
2171:Nordyke, Phil (2010).
2143:Saunders, Tim (2008).
1906:Saunders, hoofdstuk 9.
1765:"Nijmegen Holland (1)"
1360:
1295:
1226:coming from Arnhem (3
1210:
1158:
1079:
1071:
1027:
970:
914:82nd Airborne Division
877:
782:
706:Liberation of Nijmegen
309:9th SS Panzer Division
262:82nd Airborne Division
156:Commanders and leaders
66:17 – 20 September 1944
2231:History of Gelderland
2221:September 1944 events
2102:Saunders, p. 131–132.
1888:Van Lunteren, p. 187.
1870:Saunders, p. 154–155.
1777:Saunders, p. 134–135.
1709:Saunders, p. 132–133.
1588:De Canon van Nijmegen
1359:Waalcrossing monument
1358:
1287:
1278:Further information:
1204:
1170:during the crossing.
1156:
1077:
1069:
1031:Generalfeldmarschall
1025:
968:
875:
830:collapsed in Normandy
819:target of opportunity
780:
743:1st Airborne Division
680:Manna & Chowhound
344:Casualties and losses
1834:Saunders, p. 149–50.
1727:Van Lunteren, p. 87.
1540:Nordyke, p. 148–149.
1441:Stichting Noviomagus
1320:Political revolution
1260:Stanisław Sosabowski
956:Course of the battle
704:, also known as the
326:Kampfgruppe Reinhold
2236:History of Nijmegen
1879:Saunders, p. 157–8.
1861:Saunders, p. 151–3.
1825:Saunders, p. 143–6.
1274:Nijmegen front city
815:Bombing of Nijmegen
2246:Events in Nijmegen
2177:. Voyageur Press.
2002:"Lokhorst, M. van"
1916:Ford, Ken (2016).
1667:Ford, Ken (2016).
1620:. 21 February 2009
1361:
1296:
1211:
1159:
1080:
1072:
1028:
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907:major Dutch rivers
897:(supported by the
878:
804:military engineers
783:
737:(Waal Bridge) and
702:Battle of Nijmegen
331:Kampfgruppe Euling
26:Battle of Nijmegen
2241:Conflicts in 1944
1897:Saunders, p. 156.
1852:Saunders, p. 150.
1816:Saunders, p. 137.
1789:Saunders, p. 142.
1754:Saunders, p. 134.
1465:Saunders, p. 155.
1378:
1377:
1268:Operation Pegasus
1000:March on Nijmegen
950:Klever Reichswald
916:– comprising the
895:British XXX Corps
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180:Julian Aaron Cook
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1412:. Archived from
1406:
1363:
1324:On 17 September
1264:Operation Berlin
1131:Kronenburgerpark
989:Roy E. Lindquist
792:tied-arch bridge
575:Nijmegen salient
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2072:The Face of War
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1563:De Gelderlander
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1419:
1417:
1416:on 29 June 2016
1408:
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1374:, October 1944
1372:Martha Gellhorn
1353:
1322:
1310:combat swimmers
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1044:malfunctioned.
1042:ignition system
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942:Maas–Waal Canal
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775:
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2160:. Retrieved
2145:
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2117:
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2086:. Retrieved
2071:
2064:
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2043:. Retrieved
2028:
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
2005:
1996:
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1975:. Retrieved
1971:
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1933:. Retrieved
1918:
1911:
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1615:
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1566:. Retrieved
1562:
1521:. Retrieved
1506:
1481:
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1444:. Retrieved
1440:
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1418:. Retrieved
1414:the original
1404:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1338:
1329:burgemeester
1323:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1248:Roy Urquhart
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544:Joe's Bridge
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454:Joe's Bridge
349:
301:Elements of:
300:
224:Leo Reinhold
214:Walter Model
109:Belligerents
87:
38:World War II
18:
1977:18 November
1700:Ford, 5-10.
1294:(30 Sept.).
1228:Tiger tanks
1137:of General
1117:Julian Cook
930:James Gavin
868:Preparation
846:Mad Tuesday
745:and Polish
628:Broekhuizen
592:Hoogerheide
378:178 missing
376:479 wounded
52:Waal Bridge
2210:Categories
1397:References
1304:of German
1244:Oosterbeek
1215:John Frost
1207:Panzer III
850:Montgomery
787:River Waal
773:Background
725:Waal River
664:2nd Arnhem
554:1st Arnhem
374:139 killed
364:1 Spitfire
244:Karl Henke
1652:20 August
1624:20 August
1568:26 August
1446:26 August
1333:Groningen
1192:Aftermath
1167:Spitfires
1113:Jonkerbos
1095:assault.
1092:Molenhoek
1055:Pannerden
946:Groesbeek
858:Eindhoven
808:Wehrmacht
669:Groningen
634:Blackcock
603:Infatuate
597:Walcheren
296:Spitfires
273:XXX Corps
2162:28 April
2134:27 April
2045:27 April
2011:27 April
1523:28 April
1084:Browning
885:"– from
834:Brussels
755:infantry
734:Waalbrug
729:Nijmegen
674:Otterloo
658:Keystone
622:Pheasant
611:Overloon
587:Breskens
549:Nijmegen
459:Nijmegen
249:Strength
76:Nijmegen
71:Location
31:Part of
1101:Valkhof
887:Belgium
838:Antwerp
712:during
651:Amherst
581:Scheldt
567:Pegasus
477:Pegasus
149:Germany
36:during
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2088:31 May
2079:
2036:
1926:
1677:
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1514:
1258:under
1232:Veghel
1224:Ressen
1220:Betuwe
980:Heumen
976:Hatert
796:Europe
759:German
751:Arnhem
721:Allies
616:Putten
560:Berlin
470:Berlin
464:Arnhem
146:
132:
120:
84:Result
1972:Trouw
1935:7 May
1686:7 May
1420:7 May
1252:Driel
1088:Adair
934:Grave
922:505th
918:504th
842:Breda
645:Texel
389:300+
2179:ISBN
2164:2017
2151:ISBN
2136:2017
2123:ISBN
2090:2017
2077:ISBN
2047:2017
2034:ISBN
2013:2017
1979:2016
1937:2017
1924:ISBN
1688:2017
1675:ISBN
1654:2016
1626:2016
1592:ISBN
1570:2016
1525:2017
1512:ISBN
1448:2016
1422:2017
1339:The
1236:Elst
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