Capture of New Orleans

1112:, with a total of 3,122 soldiers and officer, was supervised by Gen. Daniel Ullmann and were unusual in having black officers. They served both to add to his forces and to confront the former ruling classes of the city with the bayonets of those they had formerly enslaved. Butler also used his commercial contacts in the northeast and Washington to revive commerce in the city, exporting 17,000 bales of cotton to the northeast and re-establishing international trade. He employed many local citizens in logistics support of the Union military and in cleaning up the city, including an expansion of the existing city sewer system and setting up pumps to empty the system into the river. This policy helped free the city from the anticipated summer yellow fever epidemic, possibly saving thousands of lives. He extensively taxed the wealthy of the city to set up social programs for the lower classes. These " 974:

Surrounded by a fragile network of levees and lower in elevation than the river around it, New Orleans was extremely vulnerable to flooding, bombardment, and insurrection. In addition, the city was generally unhealthy and subject to devastating epidemics. Defense of the city against attacks from Confederate forces depended on an extensive outer ring of fortifications requiring a garrison of thousands of troops. As a conquered territory, Louisiana had a potential for becoming a serious logistical drain on Union forces, and an unsustainable front if contested by well-organized resistance movements. It was popularly assumed that the Confederacy would launch a major counteroffensive to retake New Orleans. As the largest population center of the Confederacy, and commanding formidable industrial and shipping resources, its permanent loss would be politically intolerable to the Confederacy.

1174:. After a hard-fought battle, the Confederate forces were driven out of the city, and both Confederate and Union forces withdrew after the battle. The significant aspect of the battle was that it did not result in a popular uprising or widespread support for Confederate forces in Louisiana. As a result, Rebel forces were not able to mount a sustained campaign to retake New Orleans or the rest of the state. This can be considered a tribute to the Union consensus building wrought by Butler's political manipulation and broad-based political support. Chester G. Hearn summed up the basis of this support: “The huge, illiterate majority – the poorer classes of blacks and whites – would have starved had Butler not fed and employed them, and thousands may have died had his sanitation policies not cleansed the city of disease.” 1063:, claiming "the devil had entered the hearts of the women of ... to stir up strife" and falsely claimed that the order had been very effective. He said, in essence, the effective way to deal with a Confederate-sympathizing woman who is defiant was to be treat her as one would an undignified prostitute, that is to ignore her. But many thought the language of the order was too ambiguous and feared that Union troops would treat New Orleans women like prostitutes in regards to soliciting them for sex and perhaps even rape. Butler's inflammatory order was so controversial that it caused a significant public relations problem for the Union and he was withdrawn from New Orleans in December 1862, just eight months after taking command of the city. 987:, awarded his position by political connections and this political background made his position in New Orleans tenable until outrage forced his withdrawal in 1862. Butler faced a difficult challenge securing the Confederacy's largest city with a relatively small force. His total military command numbered 15,000 troops. He was not sent reinforcements during the time he commanded in Louisiana, between May and December 1862. Butler stated, "We were 2,500 men in a city... of 150,000 inhabitants, all hostile, bitter, defiant, explosive, standing literally in a magazine, a spark only needed for destruction." His methods of preserving order were seen as radical and totalitarian even in the North and Europe, . 327: 1141:, and that those fleeing slavery could find refuge within Union military lines and employment as laborers for the Union armies. As a result, the Confederacy avoided employing enslaved people in proximity of Union forces as the enslaved would flee at first opportunity to Union lines, depriving the Confederate armies of their labor and their former masters of what they regarded as their valuable property. Since the Confederate government was counting on slave labor to offset the greater numbers of Union soldiers, Butler's innovative policy struck the Confederacy at a strategic level, destroying an asset counted on to win the war. 912: 313: 859: 641: 453: 737: 1129: 920: 5124: 2456: 461: 5134: 808: 1072:

his political advantage. Here the Jacksonian political legacy had come full circle in 47 years, from defending New Orleans from the British, to securing it from secession. Butler's inscription on the base of Jackson's statue, “The Union Must and Shall be Preserved,” was symbolic of his political identity. The inscription echoed Andrew Jackson's 1830 toast in response to a speech endorsing "nullification," during what was called the

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of the Confederacy. Butler became known as "The Beast." The British House of Lords called it a "most heinous proclamation" and regarded it as "one of the grossest, most brutal, and must unmanly insults to every woman in New Orleans." The Earl of Carnarvon proclaimed the imprisonment of women a "more intolerable tyranny than any civilized country in our day been subjected to." The

832:, Union ships were elevated above the city and able to fire down into the streets and buildings below. Besides the ever-present danger of weather-caused breaks in the levees, now an even greater threat to New Orleans was the ability of the Union military to cause a break in a major levee that would lead to flooding most of the city, possibly destroying it within a day. 1154:

resisting any efforts by Confederate forces to recapture the area. The rebelling laborers armed themselves with guns and newspapers, and fought to the death any attempts to infringe upon their newfound freedom. This rebellion within a rebellion began to erode Confederate authority within Louisiana the instant Butler's troops appeared in New Orleans and, as a political

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of a savage, but of a very mean and pitiful kind of savage, to be induced by indignation at a woman's smile to inflict an imprisonment so degrading in its character as that which seems to constitute his favourite punishment, and accompanied by privations so cruel.... It is only a pity that so unadulterated a barbarian should have got hold of an Anglo-Saxon name.

1195:. Most notorious was Butler's General Order No. 28 of May 15, issued after many provocations and displays of contempt by women in New Orleans. It stated that if any woman insulted or showed contempt for any officer or soldier of the United States, she would be regarded and shall be held liable to be treated as a "woman of the town plying her avocation," a 1227:, who, if captured, should be reserved for execution. Butler's administration did have benefits to the city, which was kept both orderly and healthy. The Butler occupation was likely best summed up by Admiral Farragut, who stated, "They may say what they please about General Butler, but he was the right man in the right place in New Orleans." 1137:

Confederate military was using slave labor for military use in the construction of fortifications, moving military supplies, and constructing roads and railroad grades of use to the Confederate army. Enslaved people within areas of Confederate control rapidly spread the word that Union military forces were not enforcing the

625:, greatly expanding acquisition of territory in the American Southwest and the support of international trade, along with the expansion of slavery. This powerful political movement also produced sectional tension between the northern and southern portions of the United States, resulting in the creation of the 1247:

arrived to take command of the Department of the Gulf. Butler was not made aware of the change until Banks arrived to tell him. Contrary to common belief, Butler's inflammatory reign had little to do with his replacement. Political considerations in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio tipped the balance. The

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expected Butler to hold eastern Louisiana and the cities of Baton Rouge and New Orleans, maintain communications up river to Vicksburg, and support Farragut's forces for the siege of Vicksburg. In addition, the city of New Orleans itself was just as indefensible for the Union as for the Confederates.

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men bringing cargo downriver would break up their boats for lumber in New Orleans and travel overland back to Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, or Illinois to repeat the process. Steamboats had enough power to move upstream against the strong current of the Mississippi, making two-way trade possible between

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for a time, New Orleans had a population who were mostly Catholic and had created a more cosmopolitan culture than in some of the Protestant-dominated states of the British colonies. Its population was highly diverse. At the time of the Civil War, much of the population was made up of French-speaking

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Fredrick Mar Spletstoser, “The Impact of the Immigrants on New Orleans,” in The Louisiana Purchase Bicentennial Series in Louisiana History, vol. X: A Refuge for All Ages: Immigration in Louisiana History, ed. Carl A. Brasseaux (Lafayette, 1996), 287–322; Campanella, Geographies of New Orleans, 224;

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The reaction to Butler's General Order No. 28 was swift and the outrage against it highly vocal. Southern women were highly offended by the order. He was heavily criticized both domestically and overseas, which was a problem as the Union sought to avoid European intervention in the war on the behalf

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Butler was one of the most controversial and volatile personalities of the Civil War. He became infamous in New Orleans for his confrontational proclamations and for alleged corruption. The impression had been created by Confederate officials and sympathizers that New Orleans and Louisiana were held

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If he had possessed any of the honourable feeling which is usually associated with a soldier's profession, he would not have made war on women. If he had even been endowed with the ordinary magnanimity of a Red Indian, his revenge would have been satiated before now. It required not only the nature

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20 miles (32 km) downriver from Vicksburg, were also disrupted by the Union invasion. After Davis' older brother Joseph fled the area with some of the his enslaved laborers in May 1862, the rest revolted, took possession of the property, and betrayed the location of valuables to Union forces,

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Butler had already done the institution of slavery in the Confederacy considerable damage by instituting his "contraband of war" policy while commanding Fort Monroe on the Virginia peninsula. This policy rationalized the retention of enslaved people fleeing the seceding states by claiming that the

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The most valuable asset Butler commanded in New Orleans was not his army but his formidable political heritage. Butler was a Jacksonian Democrat in all senses, and a populist and reformer. He had a great gift for identifying with the issues of the broadest levels of the voters, and turning them to

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The combination of all these factors resulted in an increase in the price of prime field hands of 21 per cent in 1848, and further increases as the value of the domestic slave trade grew through the 1850s. By 1860, New Orleans was one of the greatest ports in the world, with 33 different steamship

1255:, one of Butler's political opponents, that an invasion of Texas would be favorably received by a pro-union group of German American cotton farmers living there. The idea was championed by Banks, a New England political general eager to send cotton to mills in the Northeast. Banks undertook the 685: 1144:

The flight of enslaved people toward the Union also diverted the resources of the Confederate military and its government to the defense of the plantations. The planters of Louisiana, afraid the laborers they enslaved would revolt, appealed for aid from Union authorities. "Our family has owned

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created by the Democratic Party was also part of Butler's political heritage. Butler believed the advantages of political office should be used to the advantage of friends and supporters, and to suppress political opponents. In general, Butler used these political abilities to play the various

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As the officers and soldiers of the United States have been subject to repeated insults from the women (calling themselves ladies) of New Orleans in return for the most scrupulous non-interference and courtesy on our part, it is ordered that hereafter when any female shall by word, gesture, or

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The residents of New Orleans, and notably many women, did not accept the Union occupation very well. Butler's troops faced "all manner of verbal and physically symbolic insults" from women, including obvious physical avoidance such as crossing the street or leaving a streetcar to avoid a Union

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was intended only to resist ground troops and few of the gun batteries were aimed toward the river. Most of the artillery, ammunition, troops, and vessels in the area were committed to the Jackson/St. Phillips position. Once this defense was breached, only three thousand militiamen with sundry

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to interdict an effort to make New Orleans a “free city”, or neutral area in the conflict. A solid Democrat, Moore organized a movement that voted Louisiana out of the Union in a secession convention that represented only 5 percent of the citizens of Louisiana. Moore also ordered the Louisiana

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Confederate leaders had made a tardy, ill-coordinated effort to muster at the river barrier. Fortunately for the Union, both the naval and military auxiliaries were weak. In all their work of defense, the Southerners had been hampered by poverty, disorganization, lack of skilled engineers and

547:. The river carried freight and traffic from a huge network of rivers and tributaries, making New Orleans one of the most significant transportation centers in the early United States before the establishment of railroad and road systems. Of particular significance were the inventions of the 956:

of war. This practice was later made a policy of war by Congress. Due to these and other astute political maneuvers, Butler had been chosen to command the army expedition to New Orleans. Because of his lack of military experience and military success, many were happy to see him go.

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occupied the city of New Orleans with an army of 5,000, facing no resistance. Butler was a former Democratic party official, lawyer, and state legislator. He was one of the first Major Generals of Volunteers of the Civil War appointed by Abraham Lincoln. He had gained glory as a

855:, “The enemy has passed the forts. It is too late to send any guns here; they had better go to Vicksburg.” Military stores, ships, and warehouses were then burned. Anything considered useful to the Union, including thousands of bales of cotton, were thrown into the river. 939:

state militia general who had anticipated the war and carefully prepared his six militia regiments for the conflict. At the start of hostilities he immediately marched to the relief of Washington, D.C., and, despite a lack of orders, had occupied and restored order to

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on December 17, 1862. He was also nicknamed "Beast Butler" and "Spoons" for his alleged habit of pilfering the silverware of Southern homes in which he stayed. He became so reviled in the city that merchants began selling chamber pots with his likeness at the bottom.

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lines and trade worth 500 million dollars passing through the city. As far as population, the city outnumbered any other city in the South, and was larger than the four next-largest Southern cities combined, with an estimated population of 168,675.

725:). These military moves were ordered on January 8, 1861, before the secession convention. With military companies forming all over Louisiana, the convention voted Louisiana out of the Union 113 to 17. The outbreak of hostilities in the area of 5173: 1100:

to three months hard labor at Fort Jackson. He also issued Order Number 25, which distributed captured Confederate food supplies of beef and sugar in the city to the poor and starving. The Union blockade and the

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Butler's generally abrasive style and heavy handed actions, however, caught up with him. Many of his acts gave great offense, such as the seizure of $ 800,000 that had been deposited in the office of the Dutch

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factions and interests in New Orleans, as a virtuoso conductor would inspire an orchestra, to ensure his control and reward Union supporters while isolating and marginalizing hostile pro-Confederate factions.

771:. The Union countermove was to enter the mouth of the Mississippi River, ascend to New Orleans and capture the city, closing off the mouth of the Mississippi to Confederate shipping both from the 5168: 1105:

embargo had done damage to the port economy, leaving many without work. The value of goods passing through New Orleans had gone from $ 500 million to $ 52 million during the period 1860 to 1862.

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soldier, being spat upon, and having chamber pots being dumped upon them. The Union troops were offended by the treatment, and after two weeks of occupation, Butler had had enough. He issued his

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military supplies and armed with shotguns remained to face Union troops and warships. The city itself was a poor position to defend against a hostile fleet. With high water outside the

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and the mob destroyed it. Farragut did not destroy the city in response but moved upriver to subdue fortifications north of the city. On April 29, Farragut and 250 marines from the

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negroes for generations," wrote one "we have no one but yourself and Genls Shepley and Butler to protect us against these negroes in a state of insurrection." The plantations of

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On June 7, he executed William B. Mumford, who had torn down a U.S. flag placed by Farragut on the New Orleans Mint. For the execution, Butler was denounced in December 1862 by

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movement insult or show contempt for any officer or soldier of the United States she shall be regarded and held liable to be treated as a woman of the town plying her avocation.

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This new direction in American politics had a profound influence on the development of New Orleans and the American Southwest. One of these developments was the construction of

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Despite the complete vulnerability of the city, the citizens along with military and civil authorities remained defiant. At 2:00 p.m. on April 25, Admiral Farragut sent

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in pursuit of Texan cotton. The Red River expedition proved to be a costly failure and resulted in more wanton destruction and looting than the Butler occupation.

783:. The way was soon open except the water passage past the two masonry forts held by Confederate artillery, Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip, which were above the 98: 4611: 499:

and an event of international importance. It also caught many Confederate generals by surprise who had planned for an attack from the north instead of from the

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Marshall, Jeffrey D. (2004). "'Butler's Rotten Breath of Calumny': Major General Benjamin F. Butler and the Censure of the Seventh Vermont Infantry regiment".

759:" called for the division of the Confederacy by seizing control of the Mississippi River. One of the first steps in such operations was the imposition of the 4071: 4832: 4721: 4706: 2550: 2469: 2004: 4498: 4418: 2946: 2419: 823:

broke through the Confederate ring of fortifications and defense vessels guarding the lower Mississippi: evacuation. The inner ring of fortifications at

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Many residents resented the controversial and confrontational administration of the city by its U.S. Army military governor. This capture of the largest

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Long, Alecia P. (2009). "(Mis)Remembering General Order No. 28: Benjamin Butler, the Woman Order, and Historical Memory". In Whites, LeeAnn (ed.).

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Butler raised three regiments of infantry, the 1st and, 2nd on September 27, and a 3rd by November, from existing free black militia units. This

637:, the Republican presidential candidate, in the election of 1860, resulted in the secession crisis and was a catalyst to the American Civil War. 109: 5198: 4543: 4186: 3575: 3454: 877:, to accept the surrender of the city. Armed mobs within the city defied the Union officers and marines sent to city hall. General Lovell and 5070: 4428: 4181: 4176: 3602: 2043: 3434: 2504: 2459: 4991: 4521: 3570: 3329: 2074: 1076:. Jackson stated, "Our Federal Union! It must be preserved!" That statement defined Jackson's position against any threat to the Union. 633:

was founded, to counter the spread of slavery into states produced by territorial conquests of the Jacksonian Democrats. The victory of

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Earl F. Niehaus, “The New Irish, 1830–1862,” in Louisiana Purchase Bicentennial Series in Louisiana History, X, ed. Brasseaux, 378–391.

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The expected rebel counteroffensive came on August 5 in the form of a naval and army assault on Baton Rouge, led by Maj. Gen.

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to oppose the new Democratic Party. As the political rivalry between the Jacksonian Democrats and the Whigs intensified, the

5213: 4827: 4531: 4503: 3742: 3550: 3519: 3449: 3309: 2883: 2385: 1000:, which instructed Union soldiers to treat any woman who offended a soldier "as a woman of the town plying her avocation". 4817: 4807: 4458: 4166: 3529: 3494: 3389: 2967: 2013: 1990: 1216: 3444: 4968: 4958: 4943: 4711: 4536: 3565: 3514: 3459: 3424: 3409: 3399: 3384: 3359: 3314: 3299: 3234: 3111: 2560: 2204: 1719: 1092:

Butler began his rule of martial law in New Orleans by sentencing anyone calling for cheers for Confederate President

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The Pelican Flag used as a Louisiana militia rally symbol from 1860 to early 1861. This is a later "Federal" version.

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and abroad, particularly in Britain and France, and many considered it the cause of his removal from command of the

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criticized Butler's rule, accusing him of "gratifying his own revenge" and likening him to an uncivilized dictator:

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By the year 1860, New Orleans was in a position of unprecedented economic, military, and political power. The

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New Orleans and the cities in the interior river network of the Upper South and Midwest. After the end of the

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Statue of Andrew Jackson in New Orleans, Louisiana. At high resolution, Butler's inscription can be observed.

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and from Mississippi River ports still used by Confederate vessels. In mid-January 1862, Flag Officer

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Map depicting Louisiana and approaches to New Orleans as depicted during the occupation of New Orleans

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Rable, George (1992). ""Missing in Action": Women of the Confederacy". In Clinton, Catherine (ed.).

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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.

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Democratic victories in Illinois and Ohio on November 4 had alarmed the Lincoln administration.

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Major General Benjamin Franklin Butler, Military Governor of New Orleans under Union occupation

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Flag Officer David G. Farragut who commanded the Union fleet that broke through to New Orleans.

698: 672:, a distance of over 200 miles (320 km), added another dimension to local transportation. 512: 364: 4902: 4802: 4616: 4265: 4218: 4128: 4096: 3803: 3793: 3239: 3229: 3214: 3164: 3119: 2775: 2760: 2653: 580: 540: 520: 31: 5060: 4912: 4885: 4354: 4133: 4116: 3773: 3269: 3254: 3249: 3219: 3204: 3184: 2802: 2706: 2590: 2174: 2159: 1824:

Westwood, Howard C. “Benjamin Butler’s Enlistment of Black Troops in New Orleans in 1862.”

1256: 1167: 1073: 997: 952:. There he gained further political renown as the first to confiscate "fugitive slaves" as 928: 886: 824: 714: 693: 661: 657: 600: 8: 5045: 4837: 4726: 4600: 4245: 4198: 3945: 3905: 3890: 3783: 3632: 3304: 3264: 3139: 3100: 3070: 3025: 2985: 2585: 2575: 2375: 2340: 2330: 2240: 2027: 1138: 1097: 941: 893: 858: 741: 669: 790:

From April 18 to 28, Farragut bombarded and then fought his way past these forts in the

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removed the Louisiana State flag from the City Hall. By May 2, U.S. Secretary of State

882: 844: 533: 473: 219: 3865: 1982: 1683:"Our Affairs in England: Gen. Butler's Proclamation in the House of Lords Mediation". 5133: 4389: 3991: 3925: 3860: 3763: 3682: 3642: 3244: 3050: 3005: 2620: 2350: 2335: 2276: 1903: 1785: 1763: 1729: 1663: 1615: 1590: 1559: 1537: 1447: 1441: 1420: 1365: 1359: 1252: 1192: 1117: 984: 900: 871: 776: 722: 477: 4001: 3870: 3840: 3835: 3768: 3707: 3702: 3657: 3159: 3149: 3055: 3035: 3030: 2780: 2770: 2730: 970: 819:, Commander of Department 1, Louisiana, was left with one tenable option after the 816: 653: 622: 592: 539:

New Orleans had benefited more than some other cities by the domestic slave trade,

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differs significantly with the histories of other cities that were included in the

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craftsmen, friction between State authorities and Richmond, and want of foresight.

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Battles of the Lower Seaboard Theater and Gulf Approach of the American Civil War

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Official records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion.

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Approaches to New Orleans, Department of the Gulf Map Number 5, February 14, 1863

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Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862

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Soldiers of the Louisiana Native Guard Regiments raised by Butler in New Orleans

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in 1815, which greatly expanded international trade, and the development of the

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The Land They Fought For, The Story of the South as the Confederacy, 1832–1865

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Atlas to accompany the official records of the Union and Confederate armies.

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pulled down a Union flag raised over the former U.S. mint by marines of the

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suggested by and named after Jackson. This fortress was intended to support

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Occupied Women: Gender, Military Occupation, and the American Civil War

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Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association

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counterattack attempted to drive off the Union navy, resulting in the

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Butler tried to defend his command in New Orleans in a letter to the

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Panoramic view of New Orleans; federal fleet at anchor in the river (

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The presidents of the Jacksonian democracy supported the concept of

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was a turning point in the war that precipitated the capture of the

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Those new considerations reinforced the idea by Secretary of State

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A formative event in the early history of New Orleans was the 1815

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declared New Orleans "recovered" and "mails are allowed to pass".

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approximately 70 miles (110 km) downriver below New Orleans.

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Major General Mansfield Lovell, CSA, would not surrender the city.

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Confederate Reckoning, Power and Politics in the Civil War South

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Expedition to, and Capture of, New Orleans (American Civil War)

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List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

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What hath God Wrought, The Transformation of America, 1815–1848

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When the Devil came down to Dixie: Ben Butler in New Orleans

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When the Devil came down to Dixie: Ben Butler in New Orleans

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When the Devil Came Down to Dixie: Ben Butler in New Orleans

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When the Devil came down to Dixie: Ben Butler in New Orleans

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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay

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Red River Campaign, Politics & Cotton in the Civil War

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arrived in New Orleans in 1848, and the completion of the

599:. Jackson began a new political movement now known as the 30:

For the battle at New Orleans during the War of 1812, see

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Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art

1521:. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 228. 1278:

Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps

1662:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University. p. 107. 2012: 1614:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University. p. 28. 1124:

Impact of the occupation on enslaved people and slavery

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Ordeal of the Union: War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863

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The Civil War, A Narrative, Fort Sumter to Perryville

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that guarded the entrance to Lake Pontchartrain, the

1878: 1876: 1784: 862:The Louisiana state flag is removed from City Hall 692:The election of Lincoln in 1860 inspired governor 1791:. Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, NY. 983:by brute military force and terror. Butler was a 835:Lovell loaded his troops and supplies aboard the 488:was unopposed in its capture of the city itself. 5150: 4788:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 1938:Newspaper coverage of the capture of New Orleans 1873: 1259:and, after its successful conclusion, began the 1161: 990: 798:argues the Confederate defenses were defective: 666:New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Railroad 977: 660:contributed another share to local wealth. The 587:, the battle's American victory led by General 4612:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 1067:Building a political power base in New Orleans 1038:Assistant Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff. 906: 709:that blocked approach upriver to New Orleans, 2498: 1998: 1635:General Orders, No. 28 (Butler's Woman Order) 618:and bar the Mississippi Delta from invasion. 407: 2075:Mississippi River in the American Civil War 944:. As a reward Butler was made commander of 847:. Lovell then sent the last message to the 519:. Because it was founded by the French and 75:Learn how and when to remove these messages 2505: 2491: 2005: 1991: 1646:Official Records of the American Civil War 1219:Jefferson Davis in General Order 111 as a 1199:. The order provoked protests both in the 1120:organization, and provided law and order. 960: 591:enhanced his political career. Along with 421: 414: 400: 5179:Union victories of the American Civil War 1558:, Louisiana State University Press 1997, 1177: 1149:, located in the state of Mississippi on 1088:The poorer classes as the key to the city 575:Jacksonian democracy and manifest destiny 194:Learn how and when to remove this message 128:Learn how and when to remove this message 5189:Battles and conflicts without fatalities 2701:Treatment of slaves in the United States 1926:National Park Service battle description 1866: 1864: 1756:Divided Houses: Gender and the Civil War 1531: 1525: 1234: 1127: 918: 910: 857: 837:New Orleans, Jackson, and Great Northern 806: 779:had undertaken this enterprise with his 763:. After the blockade was established, a 735: 697:militia to seize the Federal arsenal at 683: 639: 459: 451: 4444:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 2616:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 1895: 1889: 1584: 1578: 1383: 1381: 14: 5151: 4429:Modern display of the Confederate flag 2512: 2119:Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip 1782: 1776: 1693: 1536:. Vermont History 72 (Winter/Spring). 1353: 1351: 792:Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip 729:, South Carolina, led to the story of 36:Battle of New Orleans (disambiguation) 5199:New Orleans in the American Civil War 4647: 4036: 3600: 2823: 2626:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 2524: 2486: 1986: 1861: 1753: 1720:"Gen. Butler Defends the Woman Order" 1657: 1439: 1433: 1414: 395: 27:1862 battle of the American Civil War 2465: 1609: 1419:. Louisiana State University Press. 1408: 1378: 1357: 1158:, was invaluable to his occupation. 870:, First Division Commander from the 751:The Union's strategy was devised by 472:(April 25 – May 1, 1862) during the 139: 81: 40: 4783:Committee on the Conduct of the War 4459:United Daughters of the Confederacy 2416:Confederate monuments and memorials 2014:Louisiana in the American Civil War 1348: 1187:and his imprisonment of the French 1025:By command of Major-General Butler: 747:, forces its way past Fort Jackson. 24: 4853:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 4648: 4192:impeachment managers investigation 2571:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 1828:, vol. 26, no. 1, 1985, pp. 5–22. 25: 5225: 4278:Reconstruction military districts 2726:Abolitionism in the United States 2681:Plantations in the American South 2596:Origins of the American Civil War 1931: 679: 56:This article has multiple issues. 18:Battle of New Orleans (Civil War) 5132: 5123: 5122: 4261:Enforcement Act of February 1871 4234:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 2464: 2455: 2454: 2426:Confederate Memorial Hall Museum 1364:. Oxford University Press, Inc. 1243:On December 14, 1862, Maj. Gen. 325: 311: 226: 144: 86: 45: 5046:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 4908:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 4469:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 2205:Battle of Stirling's Plantation 1902:. Kent State University Press. 1852: 1839: 1818: 1805: 1796: 1747: 1712: 1676: 1651: 1639: 1628: 1603: 1569: 1548: 1509: 1500: 1491: 1482: 1469: 1460: 1417:The Capture of New Orleans 1862 881:refused to surrender the city. 64:or discuss these issues on the 5159:1862 in the American Civil War 4149:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 1870:McCurry, pp. 253–260, 271–273. 1399: 1390: 1338: 1313: 1301: 1289: 1096:and Confederate Major General 13: 1: 5184:St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana 4564:Ladies' Memorial Associations 4266:Enforcement Act of April 1871 4162:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 4037: 1919: 1708:(364): 463. October 18, 1862. 1162:The Confederate counterstroke 1005:HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF 991:Butler's General Order No. 28 781:West Gulf Blockading Squadron 517:Confederate States of America 506: 368:West Gulf Blockading Squadron 233: 4697:Confederate revolving cannon 4439:Sons of Confederate Veterans 4310:South Carolina riots of 1876 4288:Indian Council at Fort Smith 4239:South Carolina riots of 1876 4204:Knights of the White Camelia 2696:Slavery in the United States 2195:Battle of Goodrich's Landing 2185:Battle of LaFourche Crossing 2103:Battle of the Head of Passes 1896:Johnson, Ludwell H. (1993). 1589:. Harvard University Press. 1321:"Union captures New Orleans" 1230: 978:Butler's command of the city 967:United States War Department 769:Battle of the Head of Passes 731:New Orleans in the Civil War 482:Forts Jackson and St. Philip 434:Forts Jackson and St. Philip 7: 5214:19th century in New Orleans 5051:New York City riots of 1863 4876:Battle Hymn of the Republic 4627:United Confederate Veterans 4464:Children of the Confederacy 4454:United Confederate Veterans 4449:Southern Historical Society 3601: 3081:Price's Missouri Expedition 2551:Timeline leading to the War 2525: 2200:Battle of Kock's Plantation 2190:Battle of Donaldsonville II 1585:McCurry, Stephanie (2010). 1266: 907:Occupation and pacification 555:in the early 19th century. 10: 5230: 5019:Confederate Secret Service 4607:Grand Army of the Republic 4499:Grand Army of the Republic 4317:Southern Claims Commission 2262:Action of 26–27 April 1864 2236:Battle of Henderson's Hill 2134:Battle of Donaldsonville I 1943:December 28, 2010, at the 1658:Hearn, Chester G. (1997). 1415:Hearn, Chester G. (1995). 1239:General Nathaniel P. Banks 1010:New Orleans, May 15, 1862. 839:railroad and sent them to 29: 5118: 5094: 5007:Confederate States dollar 4979: 4921: 4866: 4818:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 4813:Emancipation Proclamation 4775: 4707:Medal of Honor recipients 4664: 4660: 4643: 4595:Confederate Memorial Hall 4577: 4556: 4514: 4486: 4477: 4397:Confederate Memorial Hall 4370:Confederate History Month 4350:Civil War Discovery Trail 4330: 4251:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 4082: 4057:Reconstruction Amendments 4047: 4043: 4032: 3954: 3823: 3816: 3756: 3620: 3613: 3609: 3596: 3538: 3285: 3278: 3109: 2965: 2924: 2892: 2859: 2852: 2848: 2819: 2716: 2666:Emancipation Proclamation 2634: 2535: 2531: 2520: 2450: 2434: 2398: 2323: 2316: 2294: 2252:Battle of Blair's Landing 2223: 2180:Battle of Milliken's Bend 2165:Battle of Vermilion Bayou 2147: 2139:Battle of Georgia Landing 2111: 2095: 2088: 2057: 2036: 2020: 1783:Dowdey, Clifford (1955). 701:, and the Federal forts ( 429: 377: 358: 337: 304: 240: 225: 217: 212: 5081:U.S. Sanitary Commission 4992:Battlefield preservation 4898:Marching Through Georgia 4823:Hampton Roads Conference 4798:Confiscation Act of 1862 4793:Confiscation Act of 1861 4569:U.S. national cemeteries 4375:Confederate Memorial Day 4360:Civil War Trails Program 4229:New Orleans riot of 1866 2272:Battle of Calcasieu Pass 2257:Battle of Monett's Ferry 2243:(aka Sabine Cross-Roads) 2210:Battle of Bayou Bourbeux 1836:. Accessed 11 Feb. 2024. 1648:– Series I – Volume XV 1387:Howe, pp. 8–73, 329–366. 1358:Howe, Daniel W. (2007). 1283: 1273:H. L. Hunley (submarine) 248:April 25, 1862 5002:Confederate war finance 4622:Southern Cross of Honor 4590:1938 Gettysburg reunion 4585:1913 Gettysburg reunion 4283:Reconstruction Treaties 4256:Enforcement Act of 1870 4139:Freedman's Savings Bank 2756:Lane Debates on Slavery 2581:Lincoln–Douglas debates 2406:Fifth Military District 2267:Actions near Alexandria 2247:Battle of Pleasant Hill 1760:Oxford University Press 961:Challenge of occupation 717:south of the city, and 608:Fort Jackson, Louisiana 256:– May 1, 1862 155:is written like a story 5061:Richmond riots of 1863 4987:Baltimore riot of 1861 4767:U.S. Military Railroad 4687:Confederate Home Guard 4419:Historiographic issues 4385:Historical reenactment 2884:Revenue Cutter Service 2751:William Lloyd Garrison 2660:Dred Scott v. Sandford 2282:Battle of Yellow Bayou 2231:Battle of Fort DeRussy 2170:Battle of Plains Store 2155:Battle of Fort Bisland 2124:Capture of New Orleans 1813:Capture of New Orleans 1440:Foote, Shelby (1986). 1240: 1209:Department of the Gulf 1178:Reputation vs. results 1133: 1055: 1041: 924: 916: 863: 812: 748: 689: 645: 558:Before the steamboat, 513:history of New Orleans 470:capture of New Orleans 465: 457: 423:New Orleans Expedition 365:Department of the Gulf 338:Commanders and leaders 213:Capture of New Orleans 108:by rewriting it in an 34:. For other uses, see 5026:Great Revival of 1863 4903:Maryland, My Maryland 4692:Confederate railroads 4355:Civil War Roundtables 4224:Meridian riot of 1871 4219:Memphis riots of 1866 2776:George Luther Stearns 2761:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 2654:Crittenden Compromise 2129:Battle of Baton Rouge 1968:29.95750°N 90.06306°W 1238: 1217:Confederate President 1172:Battle of Baton Rouge 1131: 1050: 1002: 922: 914: 861: 810: 740:Farragut's flagship, 739: 687: 643: 581:Battle of New Orleans 541:Industrial Revolution 480:. Having fought past 463: 455: 378:Casualties and losses 169:neutral point of view 32:Battle of New Orleans 4913:Daar kom die Alibama 4828:National Union Party 4504:memorials to Lincoln 4424:Lost Cause mythology 4129:Eufaula riot of 1874 4117:Confederate refugees 3330:District of Columbia 2957:Union naval blockade 2803:Underground Railroad 2591:Nullification crisis 2175:Siege of Port Hudson 2160:Battle of Irish Bend 1257:siege of Port Hudson 1168:John C. Breckinridge 1074:Nullification Crisis 998:General Order No. 28 721:, which guarded the 715:New Orleans Barracks 694:Thomas Overton Moore 668:from New Orleans to 662:electrical telegraph 658:California Gold Rush 650:Mexican–American War 601:Jacksonian democracy 583:. Fought during the 161:rewrite this article 5071:Supreme Court cases 4838:Radical Republicans 4617:Old soldiers' homes 4601:Confederate Veteran 4527:artworks in Capitol 4246:Reconstruction acts 4107:Colfax riot of 1873 3071:Richmond-Petersburg 2676:Fugitive slave laws 2606:Popular sovereignty 2586:Missouri Compromise 2576:Kansas-Nebraska Act 2376:Francis T. Nicholls 2341:Albert G. Blanchard 2241:Battle of Mansfield 2028:Louisiana secession 1973:29.95750; -90.06306 1964: / 1575:Hearn, pp. 104–107. 1506:Hearn, pp. 243–245. 1497:Hearn, pp. 238–239. 1170:, resulting in the 1139:fugitive slave laws 1098:P. G. T. Beauregard 942:Baltimore, Maryland 670:Canton, Mississippi 654:annexation of Texas 521:controlled by Spain 4892:A Lincoln Portrait 4833:Politicians killed 4757:U.S. Balloon Corps 4752:Union corps badges 4532:memorials to Davis 4402:Disenfranchisement 4273:Reconstruction era 4154:Timber Culture Act 4112:Compromise of 1877 3076:Franklin–Nashville 2746:Frederick Douglass 2649:Cornerstone Speech 2566:Compromise of 1850 2514:American Civil War 2411:Compromise of 1877 2070:Red River campaign 2065:Vicksburg campaign 1725:The New York Times 1700:"General Butler". 1686:The New York Times 1405:Howe, pp. 671–700. 1261:Red River Campaign 1241: 1225:capital punishment 1134: 950:Virginia Peninsula 925: 917: 883:William B. Mumford 864: 813: 749: 690: 646: 534:Haitian Revolution 474:American Civil War 466: 458: 279:St. Bernard Parish 220:American Civil War 165:encyclopedic style 110:encyclopedic style 97:is written like a 5204:April 1862 events 5194:1862 in Louisiana 5146: 5145: 5114: 5113: 5110: 5109: 4944:Italian Americans 4929:African Americans 4886:John Brown's Body 4639: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4552: 4551: 4390:Robert E. Lee Day 4134:Freedmen's Bureau 4097:Brooks–Baxter War 4028: 4027: 4024: 4023: 4020: 4019: 3812: 3811: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3001:Northern Virginia 2947:Trans-Mississippi 2920: 2919: 2815: 2814: 2811: 2810: 2707:Uncle Tom's Cabin 2644:African Americans 2480: 2479: 2394: 2393: 2381:Leroy A. Stafford 2351:Randall L. Gibson 2336:P.G.T. Beauregard 2299:(by city or town) 2290: 2289: 2277:Battle of Mansura 1728:. July 16, 1862. 1596:978-0-674-04589-7 1446:. Vintage Books. 1371:978-0-19-507894-7 1298:I, v. 18, p. 131. 1253:William H. Seward 1193:Charles Heidsieck 1118:counter-espionage 985:political general 901:William H. Seward 777:David G. Farragut 765:Confederate naval 723:Chef Menteur Pass 652:, along with the 595:, he founded the 495:city was a major 478:Mississippi River 447: 446: 390: 389: 332:CSA (Confederacy) 300: 299: 204: 203: 196: 186: 185: 138: 137: 130: 79: 16:(Redirected from 5221: 5136: 5126: 5125: 4949:Native Americans 4934:German Americans 4727:Partisan rangers 4722:Official Records 4662: 4661: 4645: 4644: 4537:memorials to Lee 4484: 4483: 4045: 4044: 4034: 4033: 3821: 3820: 3618: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3598: 3597: 3571:Washington, D.C. 3365:Indian Territory 3325:Dakota Territory 3283: 3282: 3200:Chancellorsville 2991:Jackson's Valley 2981:Blockade runners 2857: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2821: 2820: 2781:Thaddeus Stevens 2771:Lysander Spooner 2731:Susan B. Anthony 2533: 2532: 2522: 2521: 2507: 2500: 2493: 2484: 2483: 2468: 2467: 2458: 2457: 2366:St. John Liddell 2321: 2320: 2300: 2093: 2092: 2007: 2000: 1993: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1914: 1913: 1893: 1887: 1880: 1871: 1868: 1859: 1858:Marshall, p. 28. 1856: 1850: 1843: 1837: 1822: 1816: 1809: 1803: 1802:Marshall, p. 24. 1800: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1780: 1774: 1773: 1751: 1745: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1689:. June 27, 1862. 1680: 1674: 1673: 1655: 1649: 1643: 1637: 1632: 1626: 1625: 1607: 1601: 1600: 1582: 1576: 1573: 1567: 1552: 1546: 1545: 1529: 1523: 1522: 1513: 1507: 1504: 1498: 1495: 1489: 1486: 1480: 1473: 1467: 1466:Hearn, pp. 2–11. 1464: 1458: 1457: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1412: 1406: 1403: 1397: 1394: 1388: 1385: 1376: 1375: 1355: 1346: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1317: 1311: 1305: 1299: 1293: 971:Edwin M. Stanton 927:On May 1, 1862, 817:Mansfield Lovell 631:Republican Party 623:manifest destiny 597:Democratic Party 593:Martin Van Buren 528:, refugees from 424: 416: 409: 402: 393: 392: 372:Department No. 1 353:Mansfield Lovell 330: 329: 316: 315: 263: 261: 255: 253: 242: 241: 235: 230: 210: 209: 199: 192: 181: 178: 172: 163:to introduce an 148: 147: 140: 133: 126: 122: 119: 113: 90: 89: 82: 71: 49: 48: 41: 21: 5229: 5228: 5224: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5219: 5218: 5209:May 1862 events 5164:Benjamin Butler 5149: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5106: 5090: 4975: 4939:Irish Americans 4917: 4862: 4771: 4762:U.S. Home Guard 4702:Field artillery 4656: 4655: 4631: 4573: 4548: 4510: 4479: 4473: 4365:Civil War Trust 4332: 4326: 4214:Ethnic violence 4199:Kirk–Holden war 4078: 4039: 4016: 3950: 3808: 3752: 3605: 3580: 3534: 3287: 3274: 3105: 3086:Sherman's March 3066:Bermuda Hundred 2961: 2916: 2888: 2844: 2843: 2807: 2766:J. Sella Martin 2736:James G. Birney 2712: 2630: 2556:Bleeding Kansas 2544: 2527: 2516: 2511: 2481: 2476: 2446: 2430: 2390: 2312: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2286: 2219: 2143: 2107: 2084: 2053: 2032: 2016: 2011: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1945:Wayback Machine 1934: 1922: 1917: 1910: 1894: 1890: 1881: 1874: 1869: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1844: 1840: 1823: 1819: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1781: 1777: 1770: 1762:. p. 140. 1752: 1748: 1738: 1736: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1670: 1656: 1652: 1644: 1640: 1633: 1629: 1622: 1608: 1604: 1597: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1553: 1549: 1534:Vermont History 1530: 1526: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1454: 1438: 1434: 1427: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1379: 1372: 1356: 1349: 1343: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1325:www.History.com 1319: 1318: 1314: 1306: 1302: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1269: 1245:Nathaniel Banks 1233: 1180: 1164: 1147:Jefferson Davis 1126: 1110:Corps D'Afrique 1094:Jefferson Davis 1090: 1069: 1046:Saturday Review 993: 980: 963: 946:Fortress Monroe 932:Benjamin Butler 909: 707:Fort St. Philip 682: 635:Abraham Lincoln 616:Fort St. Philip 577: 565:Napoleonic Wars 509: 450: 449: 448: 443: 425: 422: 420: 367: 348:Benjamin Butler 346: 324: 317:United States ( 310: 285: 264: 259: 257: 251: 249: 231: 200: 189: 188: 187: 182: 176: 173: 158: 149: 145: 134: 123: 117: 114: 106:help improve it 103: 91: 87: 50: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5227: 5217: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5130: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5112: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5098: 5096: 5092: 5091: 5089: 5088: 5086:Women soldiers 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5041:Naming the war 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5011: 5010: 5009: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4916: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4872: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4779: 4777: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4677:Campaign Medal 4674: 4668: 4666: 4658: 4657: 4654: 4653: 4652:Related topics 4649: 4641: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4581: 4579: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4571: 4566: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4506: 4501: 4490: 4488: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4399: 4394: 4393: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4380:Decoration Day 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4336: 4334: 4333:Reconstruction 4328: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4291: 4290: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4243: 4242: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4187:second inquiry 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4151: 4144:Homestead Acts 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4092:Alabama Claims 4088: 4086: 4084:Reconstruction 4080: 4079: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4072:15th Amendment 4069: 4067:14th Amendment 4064: 4062:13th Amendment 4053: 4051: 4041: 4040: 4030: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3827: 3825: 3818: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3693:J. E. Johnston 3690: 3688:A. S. Johnston 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3628:R. H. Anderson 3624: 3622: 3615: 3607: 3606: 3594: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3490:South Carolina 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3465:North Carolina 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3291: 3289: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3190:Fredericksburg 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3130:Wilson's Creek 3127: 3122: 3116: 3114: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2972: 2970: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2942:Lower Seaboard 2939: 2934: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2898: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2865: 2863: 2854: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2798:Harriet Tubman 2795: 2794: 2793: 2786:Charles Sumner 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2722: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2710: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2640: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2621:States' rights 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2542: 2536: 2529: 2528: 2518: 2517: 2510: 2509: 2502: 2495: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2462: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2444: 2442:14th Amendment 2438: 2436: 2435:Related topics 2432: 2431: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2413: 2408: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2388: 2386:Richard Taylor 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2331:Henry W. Allen 2327: 2325: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2310: 2304: 2302: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2238: 2233: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2108: 2106: 2105: 2099: 2097: 2090: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2082: 2072: 2067: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2030: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2010: 2009: 2002: 1995: 1987: 1981: 1980: 1947: 1933: 1932:External links 1930: 1929: 1928: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1915: 1908: 1888: 1872: 1860: 1851: 1838: 1817: 1804: 1795: 1775: 1768: 1746: 1711: 1692: 1675: 1668: 1650: 1638: 1627: 1620: 1602: 1595: 1577: 1568: 1547: 1524: 1508: 1499: 1490: 1488:Hearn, p. 237. 1481: 1475:Allan Nevins: 1468: 1459: 1452: 1432: 1425: 1407: 1398: 1389: 1377: 1370: 1347: 1337: 1312: 1300: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1268: 1265: 1232: 1229: 1179: 1176: 1163: 1160: 1125: 1122: 1089: 1086: 1068: 1065: 1060:Boston Journal 1040: 1039: 1036: 1032:GEO. C. STRONG 1027: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1012: 1011: 992: 989: 979: 976: 962: 959: 908: 905: 868:Captain Bailey 849:War Department 815:Major General 805: 804: 785:Head of Passes 761:Union blockade 753:Winfield Scott 681: 680:War and battle 678: 589:Andrew Jackson 576: 573: 530:Saint Domingue 508: 505: 501:Gulf of Mexico 445: 444: 442: 441: 436: 430: 427: 426: 419: 418: 411: 404: 396: 388: 387: 384: 380: 379: 375: 374: 369: 361: 360: 359:Units involved 356: 355: 350: 344:David Farragut 340: 339: 335: 334: 322: 307: 306: 302: 301: 298: 297: 291: 287: 286: 273: 271: 267: 266: 246: 238: 237: 223: 222: 215: 214: 208: 207: 202: 201: 184: 183: 152: 150: 143: 136: 135: 94: 92: 85: 80: 54: 53: 51: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5226: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5129: 5121: 5120: 5117: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5097: 5093: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5056:Photographers 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5031:Gender issues 5029: 5027: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5015: 5012: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4893: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4859: 4858:War Democrats 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4848:Union Leagues 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4774: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4747:Turning point 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4717:Naval battles 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4545: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4524: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4513: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4495: 4492: 4491: 4489: 4485: 4482: 4480:and memorials 4476: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4404: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4342: 4341: 4340:Commemoration 4338: 4337: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4247: 4244: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4183: 4182:first inquiry 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4102:Carpetbaggers 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4035: 4031: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3525:West Virginia 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3445:New Hampshire 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3405:Massachusetts 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3145:Hampton Roads 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3135:Fort Donelson 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3108: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3031:Morgan's Raid 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2976:Anaconda Plan 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2952:Pacific Coast 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2686:Positive good 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2601:Panic of 1857 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2561:Border states 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2530: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2508: 2503: 2501: 2496: 2494: 2489: 2488: 2485: 2473: 2472: 2463: 2461: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2371:Alfred Mouton 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2361:Harry T. Hays 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2346:Braxton Bragg 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2293: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2215: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2080: 2079:Anaconda Plan 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2008: 2003: 2001: 1996: 1994: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1977: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1935: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1911: 1909:0-87338-486-5 1905: 1901: 1900: 1892: 1885: 1879: 1877: 1867: 1865: 1855: 1848: 1842: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1821: 1814: 1808: 1799: 1789: 1788: 1779: 1771: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1750: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1715: 1707: 1703: 1696: 1688: 1687: 1679: 1671: 1669:9780807121801 1665: 1661: 1654: 1647: 1642: 1636: 1631: 1623: 1621:9780807137178 1617: 1613: 1606: 1598: 1592: 1588: 1581: 1572: 1565: 1564:0-8071-2623-3 1561: 1557: 1551: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1528: 1520: 1519: 1512: 1503: 1494: 1485: 1479:(1960) p. 99. 1478: 1472: 1463: 1455: 1453:0-394-74623-6 1449: 1445: 1444: 1436: 1428: 1426:0-8071-1945-8 1422: 1418: 1411: 1402: 1396:Hearn, p. 11. 1393: 1384: 1382: 1373: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1354: 1352: 1341: 1326: 1322: 1316: 1309: 1304: 1297: 1292: 1288: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1246: 1237: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1159: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1142: 1140: 1130: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1085: 1082: 1081:spoils system 1077: 1075: 1064: 1062: 1061: 1054: 1049: 1047: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1001: 999: 988: 986: 975: 972: 968: 958: 955: 951: 947: 943: 938: 937:Massachusetts 933: 930: 921: 913: 904: 902: 898: 897: 891: 890: 884: 880: 876: 875: 869: 860: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 833: 831: 826: 822: 818: 809: 801: 800: 799: 797: 793: 788: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 757:Anaconda Plan 754: 746: 745: 738: 734: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 695: 686: 677: 673: 671: 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 642: 638: 636: 632: 628: 624: 619: 617: 613: 609: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 572: 570: 566: 561: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 537: 535: 531: 527: 522: 518: 514: 504: 502: 498: 497:turning point 494: 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 462: 454: 440: 437: 435: 432: 431: 428: 417: 412: 410: 405: 403: 398: 397: 394: 385: 382: 381: 376: 373: 370: 366: 363: 362: 357: 354: 351: 349: 345: 342: 341: 336: 333: 328: 323: 320: 314: 309: 308: 303: 295: 292: 289: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 269: 268: 265:(6 days) 247: 244: 243: 239: 229: 224: 221: 216: 211: 206: 198: 195: 180: 177:February 2020 170: 166: 162: 156: 153:This article 151: 142: 141: 132: 129: 121: 118:February 2020 111: 107: 101: 100: 95:This article 93: 84: 83: 78: 76: 69: 68: 63: 62: 57: 52: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 4997:Bibliography 4980:Other topics 4922:By ethnicity 4890: 4843:Trent Affair 4742:Signal Corps 4599: 4322:White League 4209:Ku Klux Klan 4122:Confederados 4049:Constitution 3921:D. D. Porter 3774:Breckinridge 3485:Rhode Island 3480:Pennsylvania 3235:Spotsylvania 3195:Stones River 3175:2nd Bull Run 3125:1st Bull Run 3011:Stones River 2912:Marine Corps 2879:Marine Corps 2718:Abolitionism 2705: 2658: 2470: 2214:Grand Coteau 2123: 1898: 1891: 1883: 1854: 1846: 1841: 1825: 1820: 1812: 1807: 1798: 1786: 1778: 1758:. New York: 1755: 1749: 1739:December 26, 1737:. Retrieved 1723: 1714: 1705: 1701: 1695: 1684: 1678: 1659: 1653: 1641: 1630: 1611: 1605: 1586: 1580: 1571: 1555: 1550: 1533: 1527: 1517: 1511: 1502: 1493: 1484: 1476: 1471: 1462: 1442: 1435: 1416: 1410: 1401: 1392: 1360: 1340: 1328:. 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Smith 3614:Confederate 3561:New Orleans 3556:Chattanooga 3420:Mississippi 3320:Connecticut 3288:territories 3279:Involvement 3240:Cold Harbor 3230:Fort Pillow 3220:Chattanooga 3215:Chickamauga 3165:Seven Pines 3155:New Orleans 3120:Fort Sumter 3061:Valley 1864 2894:Confederacy 2691:Slave Power 2671:Fire-Eaters 2324:Confederate 2308:New Orleans 2296:Involvement 2044:Confederacy 1971: / 1330:October 27, 1103:King Cotton 727:Fort Sumter 719:Fort Macomb 699:Baton Rouge 585:War of 1812 493:Confederate 439:New Orleans 275:New Orleans 5153:Categories 5036:Juneteenth 4557:Cemeteries 4434:Red Shirts 4345:Centennial 4295:Red Shirts 3703:Longstreet 3633:Beauregard 3576:Winchester 3551:Charleston 3520:Washington 3455:New Mexico 3450:New Jersey 3310:California 3286:States and 3270:Five Forks 3255:Mobile Bay 3225:Wilderness 3205:Gettysburg 3185:Perryville 3170:Seven Days 3101:Appomattox 3026:Gettysburg 2986:New Mexico 2853:Combatants 2828:Combatants 2741:John Brown 2356:Henry Gray 2037:Combatants 1959:90°03′47″W 1956:29°57′27″N 1920:References 1849:, pp. 3–4. 1769:0195080343 1566:, pp. 1–5. 1223:deserving 1197:prostitute 1151:Davis Bend 1114:Robin Hood 954:contraband 841:Camp Moore 821:Union Navy 627:Whig Party 569:cotton gin 549:cotton gin 545:Gulf Coast 507:Background 260:1862-05-01 252:1862-04-25 61:improve it 5014:Espionage 4808:Diplomacy 4776:Political 4732:POW camps 4478:Monuments 4305:Scalawags 4300:Redeemers 4038:Aftermath 3987:Pinkerton 3926:Rosecrans 3891:McClellan 3794:Memminger 3530:Wisconsin 3495:Tennessee 3415:Minnesota 3390:Louisiana 3265:Nashville 3210:Vicksburg 3140:Pea Ridge 3091:Carolinas 3046:Red River 3041:Knoxville 3021:Tullahoma 3016:Vicksburg 2996:Peninsula 2968:campaigns 2834:Campaigns 2611:Secession 2399:Aftermath 2058:Campaigns 1734:0362-4331 1542:1544-3043 1310:Plate XC. 1231:Aftermath 1189:champagne 948:, on the 929:Maj. Gen. 894:USS 889:Pensacola 887:USS 872:USS 845:Vicksburg 825:Chalmette 755:, whose " 742:USS 711:Fort Pike 612:star fort 553:steamboat 283:Louisiana 67:talk page 5128:Category 4969:Seminole 4959:Cherokee 4712:Medicine 4665:Military 4578:Veterans 4412:Jim Crow 4177:timeline 3972:Ericsson 3955:Civilian 3936:Sheridan 3896:McDowell 3856:Farragut 3841:Burnside 3831:Anderson 3824:Military 3804:Stephens 3764:Benjamin 3757:Civilian 3643:Buchanan 3621:Military 3566:Richmond 3515:Virginia 3460:New York 3435:Nebraska 3425:Missouri 3410:Michigan 3400:Maryland 3385:Kentucky 3360:Illinois 3335:Delaware 3315:Colorado 3300:Arkansas 3260:Franklin 3180:Antietam 3051:Overland 3006:Maryland 2925:Theaters 2831:Theaters 2460:Category 1941:Archived 1815:, p. 41. 1267:See also 1191:magnate 896:Hartford 853:Richmond 744:Hartford 560:keelboat 532:and the 270:Location 5095:Related 4964:Choctaw 4954:Catawba 4737:Rations 4682:Cavalry 4544:Removal 4172:efforts 4156:of 1873 4002:Stevens 3997:Stanton 3982:Lincoln 3941:Sherman 3876:Halleck 3866:Frémont 3851:Du Pont 3789:Mallory 3748:Wheeler 3683:Jackson 3663:Forrest 3603:Leaders 3546:Atlanta 3510:Vermont 3430:Montana 3370:Indiana 3345:Georgia 3340:Florida 3305:Arizona 3295:Alabama 3245:Atlanta 3160:Corinth 3112:battles 3056:Atlanta 3036:Bristoe 2937:Western 2932:Eastern 2837:Battles 2636:Slavery 2540:Origins 2526:Origins 2471:Commons 2420:Removal 2317:Leaders 2089:Battles 2021:Origins 1886:, p. 4. 1882:Hearn, 1845:Hearn, 1834:4232388 1811:Hearn, 1554:Hearn, 526:Creoles 296:victory 258: ( 250: ( 104:Please 5138:Portal 5076:Tokens 4012:Welles 3992:Seward 3977:Hamlin 3946:Thomas 3881:Hooker 3846:Butler 3799:Seddon 3784:Hunter 3769:Bocock 3743:Taylor 3738:Stuart 3728:Semmes 3708:Morgan 3668:Gorgas 3648:Cooper 3539:Cities 3475:Oregon 3440:Nevada 3380:Kansas 3350:Hawaii 3250:Crater 3150:Shiloh 3110:Major 3096:Mobile 2966:Major 2840:States 2791:Caning 1906: 1832: 1766: 1732: 1666: 1618: 1593: 1562: 1540: 1450: 1423: 1368: 1203:, the 1185:consul 969:under 874:Cayuga 830:levees 484:, the 290:Result 167:and a 4881:Dixie 4868:Music 4487:Union 4331:Post- 4167:trial 3967:Chase 3962:Adams 3931:Scott 3906:Meigs 3901:Meade 3871:Grant 3861:Foote 3836:Buell 3817:Union 3779:Davis 3723:Price 3713:Mosby 3658:Ewell 3653:Early 3638:Bragg 3500:Texas 3395:Maine 3355:Idaho 2861:Union 2212:(aka 2049:Union 1949:Map: 1830:JSTOR 1793:p. 28 1284:Notes 1221:felon 1205:South 1201:North 486:Union 319:Union 294:Union 236:1862) 5066:Salt 4672:Arms 4522:List 4494:List 4007:Wade 3916:Pope 3886:Hunt 3718:Polk 3678:Hood 3673:Hill 3505:Utah 3470:Ohio 3375:Iowa 2907:Navy 2902:Army 2874:Navy 2869:Army 2224:1864 2148:1863 2112:1862 2096:1861 1904:ISBN 1764:ISBN 1741:2020 1730:ISSN 1664:ISBN 1616:ISBN 1591:ISBN 1560:ISBN 1538:ISSN 1448:ISBN 1421:ISBN 1366:ISBN 1332:2022 1079:The 965:The 773:Gulf 705:and 610:, a 511:The 468:The 386:None 383:None 277:and 245:Date 3911:Ord 3698:Lee 851:in 5155:: 1875:^ 1863:^ 1722:. 1706:14 1704:. 1380:^ 1350:^ 1323:. 733:. 603:. 503:. 281:, 234:c. 70:. 2506:e 2499:t 2492:v 2422:) 2418:( 2216:) 2081:) 2077:( 2006:e 1999:t 1992:v 1912:. 1772:. 1743:. 1672:. 1624:. 1599:. 1544:. 1456:. 1429:. 1374:. 1334:. 1035:, 415:e 408:t 401:v 321:) 262:) 254:) 197:) 191:( 179:) 175:( 171:. 157:. 131:) 125:( 120:) 116:( 112:. 77:) 73:( 38:. 20:)

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