2124:
41:
247:
178:
1930:
1636:
307:
295:
319:
235:
193:
163:
378:
368:
356:
337:
1981:
2034:
211:
1973:
to their original positions, while Orkney later wrote their dead lay "as thick as ever you saw a flock of sheep." Boufflers, in command of the French right, had over 60 battalions at his disposal, but made no attempt to launch a counterattack, a decision later criticised. Suggestions the Dutch action was only intended as a demonstration appear unlikely. Marlborough blamed himself for not monitoring it more closely, and took full responsibility for the failure.
2080:
1977:
Wood. This manoeuvre took over two hours to complete, by which time the fighting had largely ended, but their approach forced
Villars to reinforce his left with another twelve battalions. By midday, this left nine French battalions and sixty cavalry squadrons in the centre, facing twenty-three and eighty respectively. In the early afternoon, Villars was badly wounded, and transferred overall command to Boufflers, with Puységur taking over the left.
1827:. Having assumed Tournai would hold out until October and thus consume the entire 1709 campaign season, Louis now ordered Villars to prevent the loss of Mons "at all costs...the salvation of France is at stake". The main Allied army arrived east of the town on 7 September, awaiting the arrival of their siege artillery from Tournai; Villars took up positions to the southwest on the 9th, leaving the two forces facing each other across the gap of
1840:
283:
271:
259:
148:
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1713:
1741:
1699:
1657:
1727:
1685:
1643:
1875:. On each occasion, frontal assaults on the French flanks forced them to move troops from the centre, which was then broken by mass cavalry attacks. Although the leading units took heavy casualties, overall Allied losses were substantially less than those suffered by the defeated. In contrast, at Malplaquet the French held strong defensive positions, were better led, and highly motivated.
1671:
2011:
Puységur now ordered his troops to withdraw, while the Prince of Orange led another mass assault against the French right. The Dutch infantry made some progress but were repulsed once again, before
Grovestins' cavalry approached the French rear, forcing them to finally abandon their entrenchments. At
1882:
arguably contributed to his own defeat by over-extending his line. He was helped by the fact that the battlefield at
Malplaquet was much more restricted, allowing him to concentrate his infantry in defensive positions. It also prevented Marlborough from quickly shifting troops between wings, a tactic
1560:
After an opening artillery barrage, the Allied infantry made simultaneous assaults on the French flanks. These were intended to divert troops from their centre, weakening it sufficiently so it could then be broken by a mass Allied cavalry charge. Although successful in previous battles, at
Malplaquet
2051:
Although horrified by the casualties, contemporaries viewed
Malplaquet as an Allied victory, and most modern historians concur. The French commanders focused on the losses they had inflicted, Boufflers reporting to Louis XIV "...misfortune compels me to announce the loss of another battle, but I can
2007:
cavalry under
Boufflers. Superior numbers forced the Allied cavalry back, before the French in turn were repulsed by Orkney's infantry. The Allies advanced once again, and engaged the French in what was the largest cavalry action of the 18th century. As this unfolded, the French left finally started
1972:
A frontal assault on strongly entrenched troops meant the Dutch incurred over 5,000 casualties capturing
Blairon Farm, including many senior officers. Despite these losses, the Prince of Orange continued his attacks until Marlborough ordered him to stop. Covered by their cavalry, the Dutch withdrew
2277:
about the Dutch casualties: "Yesterday, the princes and generals saw with horror how our men lay against the field fortifications and entrenchments, still in the rank orders as they had fallen. Our infantry is dilapidated and ruined Tilly will draw up a list in accordance with the advice of the
2181:
While the battle is now chiefly remembered by
British and Dutch commentators for the casualties incurred, the French view it differently. At the beginning of the war, their army was considered the best in Europe, a reputation shattered by a series of defeats between 1704 and 1708. Despite being a
1976:
Meanwhile, pressure from Prince Eugene forced
Villars to keep moving troops from the centre to prevent the collapse of his left wing. Withers and the detachment from Tournai arrived too late to support the Dutch, and were instructed instead to make a flanking move north of the French lines in Sars
2024:
Most commentators put Allied casualties between 21,000 and 25,000 killed or wounded, 8,462 of which were incurred by the Dutch infantry. Other estimates range from a low of 15,000 to a high of 30,000. There is less consensus on French losses, which are generally put at between 11,000 and 14,000,
1564:
Most historians estimate Allied losses as about 22,000 killed or wounded, those of the French being around 11,000. These levels shocked contemporaries, and heightened internal divisions within the Grand
Alliance over the wisdom of continuing the war. By saving his army, Villars ultimately enabled
2091:
Before peace talks resumed in 1710, Marlborough wrote to the Allied negotiators that "thanks to our victory..., you may have what peace you want". This view was used on the loss of Mons, which exposed the French interior, while the losses incurred at Malplaquet meant they could only act on the
2168:
in September 1711 removed one of the last significant obstacles to the Allied advance, the new British government had already secretly negotiated peace terms with Louis XIV, signing the Preliminary Articles of London on 8 October 1711. At the end of 1711, Marlborough was replaced by the Tory
2103:
As a result, the immediate impact of Malplaquet was political rather than military. When peace negotiations resumed in March 1710 at Geertruidenberg, it was clear the mood in Britain had changed. Although British losses were comparatively low, Marlborough's domestic opponents used the heavy
1851:
were confident of winning a victory that would effectively end the war. At the same time, while conscious of the implications of defeat, Villars informed Louis XIV he must fight, or his army would dissolve. The Allies delayed their attack pending the arrival of 1,900 men from Tournai under
2059:
in 1713 than those available in 1709. When negotiations resumed in March 1710, the French strategic position was largely unchanged, but Maplaquet accentuated Allied divisions over war aims and their associated cost. Even before the 1709 campaign, Marlborough himself felt
2186:
in 1712. Historian André Corvisier suggests its significance in French military history is primarily psychological. He argues 18th century authors viewed it as the point when the French army regained its confidence, while for those writing after the 1870
3609:
Histoire militaire du prince Eugène de Savoie, du prince et duc de Marlborough, et du prince de Nassau-Frise, où l'on trouve un détail des principales actions de la dernière guerre et des batailles et sièges commandez par ces trois généraux. Trois
2052:
assure your Majesty misfortune has never been accompanied by greater glory". In a similar vein, Villars later wrote: "If God grants us the grace to lose such a battle again, Your Majesty can count on all of his enemies being destroyed".
3814:
2134:
The Dutch blamed their losses on Marlborough's tactics, Withers for allegedly failing to support their attack, and the Prince of Orange for continuing when it became clear the French positions were too strong. Although
1561:
the flank attacks incurred heavy casualties, while the French cavalry ensured their centre did not collapse. This allowed their infantry to retreat in good order, with the Allies too exhausted to conduct a pursuit.
2152:
attached to Marlborough's staff, argued such casualties were to be expected, given they had taken Tournai and Mons, "two of the strongest fortresses in Europe", and won "one of the hardest battles ever fought".
1340:
1235:
1856:, a decision criticised then and later, one analyst arguing "the battle should have taken place on 10 September, or not at all". This gave Villars an extra day to construct defensive positions, including
1629:, the principle for which they were ostensibly fighting. However, he and his ministers could not agree to the demand French troops be used to remove Philip, and talks broke down at the end of April.
2278:
generals and colonels. It does not suit us to jeopardise our Republic so many times , but the good Lord has preserved it, at the cost of a river of blood shed by the bravest people in the world."
2055:
The Prince of Orange was left to oversee the siege of Mons, which surrendered on 21 October. Despite this loss, in the long term Malplaquet arguably allowed Louis to negotiate far better terms at
1557:
ordered Villars to prevent its loss. Although the two armies made contact on 10 September, the attack was delayed until the next day, giving Villars time to construct strong defensive positions.
1905:
commanded the Allied centre, with 8,000 mostly British infantry, and the bulk of the 30,000 cavalry to their rear. Finally, the Allied left was held by the Dutch, with 18,000 infantry under the
2313:
The estimate of 17,000 is supported by an intercepted letter from a French officer, who wrote: "...we had at least seven thousand killed on the battlefield, and more than ten thousand wounded."
2348:
to attack the trading interests of their opponents. The latter also considered European commitments overly expensive, and primarily of benefit to others, notably their Dutch commercial rivals.
2112:, although they confirmed their commitment to the war to prevent a credit crisis. Despite success in France, British opposition to continuing the war was strengthened by further defeats at
2100:
and Saint-Venant. Short of supplies, and with many regiments reduced to less than half their official size, Villars could not risk the last significant French field army in another battle.
1569:
in 1713 than those available in 1709. However, it did little to change the immediate strategic situation; Mons surrendered shortly afterward and the Allies resumed their advance in 1710.
2164:. Since the British and Dutch viewed a union of Spain with Austria as unwelcome as one with France, this effectively undermined a key reason for continuing the war. While the capture of
1898:, who was senior to Villars in rank but volunteered to serve under him. The infantry held a continuous line of entrenchments supported by artillery, with the cavalry massed in the rear.
747:
454:
1190:
2123:
1380:
1355:
1945:
At 07:00 on 11 September, the Allies opened the battle with an artillery bombardment. This ended at 08:30, when their right wing assaulted French troops based in Sars Wood, led by
2246:
sympathies meant his largely pro-Orangist senior officers allegedly took their orders from the Prince of Orange, and as a result seems to have had little influence on the battle.
1957:. Three hours of close combat ensued, both sides taking heavy losses; Prince Eugene was slightly wounded, but refused to leave the field. At around 09:00, the Dutch, commanded by
1230:
1790:
For their part, the Allies were convinced France was on the verge of collapse, and looked to keep up the pressure by advancing through the line of border fortresses known as the
1454:
40:
1754:
1476:
1250:
1028:
2198:, and another eight with the Dutch. More than 8,000 of these became casualties, while Malplaquet was the last action where Swiss mercenaries directly engaged one another until
2344:
Tory opposition to the war originated in foreign policy differences going back to the 1690s. Whigs viewed a Continental strategy as essential, while Tories favoured using the
1424:
652:
487:
1270:
1775:
to avoid battle and to prevent any further deterioration in the French position. Ordinarily an extremely aggressive general, Villars instead built defensive lines along the
1098:
1093:
1048:
2092:
defensive. In spring 1710, the Allies resumed their advance almost unopposed; by September they had broken through the secondary line of the "Pré carré", capturing Douai,
1390:
717:
577:
1160:
1058:
784:
1995:
Despite their losses, the Dutch assaults prevented the French right reinforcing their centre. This was now over-run by Orkney's infantry, while the Dutch cavalry under
889:
829:
789:
517:
1823:
commenced on 15 June; one of the strongest fortresses in France and held by a garrison of 7,700, it surrendered on 3 September and Marlborough immediately marched on
1409:
572:
522:
941:
662:
607:
2300:
Dumont and Rousset de Missy relate that after the battle, it was agreed that 1,500 French wounded, who had been left behind during the retreat, would be considered
1295:
1103:
844:
824:
562:
1894:. Villars himself commanded the left, de la Colonie led the centre, with the right, where Villars had placed the bulk of the infantry, led by 67-year-old Marshal
722:
1449:
1414:
1133:
1108:
1088:
899:
742:
697:
527:
512:
447:
1404:
1195:
1118:
1033:
988:
951:
894:
814:
737:
622:
497:
492:
3961:
Het Staatsche Leger: Deel VIII-2 Het tijdperk van de Spaanse Successieoorlog (The Dutch States Army: Part VIII-2 The era of the War of the Spanish Succession)
1901:
Facing them was an Allied force of roughly 86,000 men and 100 guns, with the right wing formed of 30,000 German and Danish infantry led by Prince Eugene. The
4258:
1170:
1003:
936:
914:
879:
869:
804:
567:
552:
4088:
1444:
692:
1360:
1215:
1013:
1008:
864:
794:
647:
592:
1370:
1365:
1053:
1038:
849:
799:
537:
532:
2025:
Other estimates suggest a low of 7,000, to a high of 17,000 killed or wounded, plus 500 prisoners. The Allies also captured 16 French artillery pieces.
1635:
1419:
1914:
1812:, the Allied commander, considered the positions held by Villars too strong for a frontal assault, and since the Dutch opposed his preferred option of
1375:
1300:
1275:
1128:
904:
557:
440:
263:
1255:
4273:
1315:
1043:
597:
1023:
1018:
859:
702:
1950:
627:
299:
3607:
1879:
4248:
4263:
4218:
2233:
One suggestion is that this was partly due to the mixing of regular troops with militia units who had not been demoralised by past defeats.
1946:
4253:
4238:
2182:
narrow defeat which did little to change the immediate strategic situation, Malplaquet is seen as more important than victory at
2104:
casualties to attack him. Reluctance to continue fighting for what seemed marginal gains resulted in a landslide victory for the
1809:
1265:
239:
1796:. While French strategy was always ultimately determined by Louis XIV, that of the Allies had to be approved separately by the
3471:
4198:
4139:
3949:
3907:
3879:
3860:
3841:
3770:
3751:
3701:
3673:
3635:
3544:
3511:
3481:
3432:
3413:
3394:
3375:
3344:
1397:
2326:
approved expenditures of ÂŁ6.4 million, up from ÂŁ5.0 million in 1706; by the end of 1710, these had doubled to ÂŁ12.9 million.
89:
4022:
1906:
275:
3451:
1954:
1902:
1610:
1535:
323:
311:
2068:" were excessive. In that respect, Malplaquet had less impact on British policy than Spanish successes the same year at
4243:
4228:
4223:
4158:
4107:
4077:
4058:
4039:
3654:
3585:
1542:. In one of the bloodiest battles of the 18th century, the Allies won a narrow victory, but suffered heavy casualties.
1385:
924:
1886:
The French army consisted of 80 guns and between 75,000 and 80,000 men, including significant numbers of Bavarian and
4233:
3723:
3563:
2170:
2002:
2148:
felt the casualties justified more stringent peace terms, others considered this unrealistic. Sicco van Goslinga, a
2105:
3647:
England in the War of the Spanish Succession: A Study of the English View and Conduct of Grand Strategy, 1702–1712
3522:
2149:
2061:
1996:
1434:
1180:
2194:
A total of fourteen battalions of Swiss mercenaries fought in the battle, six with the French, including two of
4177:
1929:
1918:
1772:
1626:
1531:
1290:
834:
341:
2778:
1895:
1860:
covering the open ground in the centre, and additional entrenchments extending into the woods on either side.
360:
2109:
1515:
929:
464:
32:
2157:
1083:
1225:
1200:
2323:
2256:
1165:
727:
3918:
4268:
1969:
then ordered another 17 battalions to support Fagel by attacking French positions around Blairon Farm.
1545:
Allied advances in 1708 led to the renewal of peace talks, which collapsed in April 1709. After taking
1185:
657:
502:
2156:
In April 1711, the Habsburg candidate for the Spanish throne, Archduke Charles, succeeded his brother
2120:
in December 1710 which confirmed Philip V as king of Spain, ostensibly the original cause of the war.
1481:
1471:
1310:
1220:
1205:
1143:
1958:
1285:
1155:
287:
3575:
Introduction. Le tournant des dernières guerres de Louis XIV : histoire et historiographie in
2213:
at Malplaquet and was captured after being wounded several times. Another émigré of Irish descent,
1797:
1063:
993:
919:
909:
752:
707:
318:
234:
168:
4213:
4170:
50 battles that changed the world : the conflicts that most influenced the course of history
3810:
3595:
1820:
1486:
1305:
1210:
672:
3473:
Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015
2087:
in December 1710 signalled the collapse of Allied ambitions in Spain and accelerated peace talks
1245:
4151:
Military Power And The Dutch Republic: War, Trade and the Balance of Power in Europe, 1648–1813
2117:
2084:
2065:
1891:
1848:
1439:
1350:
1113:
961:
956:
884:
854:
774:
612:
4131:
2214:
1325:
3599:
3354:
1910:
1123:
779:
769:
687:
667:
637:
617:
507:
4100:
War or an United World: With a Review of Its Precursors in Europe, a Retrospect and Estimate
2287:
The British lost 1,800 killed or wounded, although this excludes those serving in the Dutch
1828:
1519:
79:
1550:
1496:
1491:
1175:
1068:
839:
819:
809:
712:
682:
642:
49:
2191:, it provided proof of French resilience and ability to recover from catastrophic defeat.
2033:
1980:
8:
3603:
3406:
The Captain-General: The Career of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, from 1702 to 1711
2188:
2073:
1961:, moved against the French right with 13 battalions, including Swiss mercenaries and the
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1868:
1582:
1539:
1527:
1335:
1138:
1073:
946:
757:
632:
602:
2199:
2043:
1792:
3789:
2274:
2243:
2161:
2113:
1966:
1934:
1864:
1466:
1345:
874:
587:
582:
306:
294:
198:
3853:
Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714–1783
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3669:
3650:
3631:
3581:
3559:
3540:
3507:
3477:
3447:
3428:
3409:
3390:
3371:
3340:
2165:
2139:
2069:
1938:
1887:
1805:
1618:
1578:
1330:
1320:
1280:
998:
983:
542:
432:
377:
367:
355:
345:
336:
246:
216:
183:
2910:
2854:
3733:
Parrott, David (2001). "War and international relations". In Bergin, Joseph (ed.).
2301:
2183:
2136:
2056:
1566:
1240:
978:
732:
547:
4149:
Van Alphen, Marc; Hoffenaar, Jan; Lemmers, Alan; Van der Spek, Christiaan (2021).
4128:
A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
3989:
3898:
Van Alphen, Marc; Hoffenaar, Jan; Lemmers, Alan; Van der Spek, Christiaan (2019).
3532:
2041:
line on the French northern border, defended by a line of fortresses known as the
1847:
Knowing Villars had been instructed to fight for Mons, Marlborough and his deputy
4015:
4009:
4003:
3970:
Adel in der Schweiz. Wie Herrschaftsfamilien unser Land über Jahrhunderte prägten
2205:
Written many years later, a firsthand account of the battle is given in the book
2016:, some 25 kilometres (16 mi) away, with the Allies too exhausted to pursue.
1759:
973:
251:
3387:
The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 6, The Rise of Great Britain and Russia
2128:
3309:
2097:
1988:
1801:
1260:
1078:
282:
270:
258:
153:
83:
2047:(marked in red and green); by the end of 1710, this line was badly compromised
4207:
3985:
3927:] (in Dutch). Vol. 3. Leiden: Veertiende hoofdstuk. pp. 192–210
3332:
2288:
2173:, who was ordered to prevent any further offensive action by British troops.
1962:
1853:
1824:
104:
91:
3711:
2209:. An Irishman who served in various European armies, Drake fought with the
2195:
1780:
1776:
1598:
3524:
Histori van Joan Churchill, hertog van Marlborough en prins van Mindelheim
1965:. After initial success, they were repulsed, and the Prince of Orange and
3968:
Z'Graggen, Andreas (2018). "Die von May in der Schlacht von Malplaquet".
3920:
De geschiedenis van Nederland, aan het Nederlandsche Volk verteld. Deel 3
3816:
Histoire Militaire du Règne de Louis-le-Grand, Roi de France. Huit tômes
3793:
3463:
La bataille de Malplaquet, 1709 : l'effondrement de la France évité
3780:
Penant, Daniel (2019). "A French Account of the Battle of Malplaquet".
2345:
2127:
Portraits of Eugene of Savoy, Marlborough and the Prince of Orange, by
2013:
1594:
4148:
3897:
2916:
2093:
2079:
1839:
1614:
1606:
1554:
1617:. He accepted most of their terms, including replacing his grandson
2701:
2144:
1863:
Marlborough's plan was the same as he had successfully employed at
1622:
3359:
Histoire de France depuis les Gaulois jusqu'Ă la mort de Louis XVI
3203:
3201:
1605:
all mutinied over lack of food and pay. Desperate to end the war,
3834:
Britain and Colonial Maritime War in the Early Eighteenth Century
1763:
1602:
1586:
1546:
3682:
3537:
History of the Art of War, Volume IV: The Dawn of Modern Warfare
3315:
1843:
Disposition of forces; Allied (upper right), French (lower left)
4193:
3198:
2818:
2590:
1523:
3066:
2619:
2617:
3900:
Krijgsmacht en Handelsgeest: Om het machtsevenwicht in Europa
2665:
2503:
2259:, under the pseudonym Chevalier de St. George, rode with the
2076:, which made prospects of victory there increasingly remote.
1857:
1813:
1784:
1590:
1553:, whose capture would allow them to enter France itself, and
2544:
2542:
2491:
3273:
3150:
3042:
3006:
2922:
2886:
2713:
2614:
2578:
2566:
3225:
1999:
broke into their rear, before being attacked by the elite
1819:
Although persistent heavy rain caused further delays, the
3925:
The history of the Netherlands, told to the Dutch nation.
3174:
3054:
2539:
2479:
2217:, was among those killed serving with the Irish Brigade.
1816:, he agreed to make Tournai the main objective for 1709.
3556:
Amiable Renegade: The Memoirs of Peter Drake (1671–1753)
3285:
3261:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2467:
2431:
2304:
until exchanged for an equal number of Allied prisoners.
2207:
Amiable Renegade: The Memoirs of Peter Drake (1671–1753)
2008:
to crumble under pressure from Withers and Schulenburg.
3891:
Events That Changed the World in the Eighteenth Century
3249:
3237:
3213:
3138:
3018:
2994:
2958:
2946:
2830:
2806:
2754:
2641:
2602:
2554:
2335:
Estimates suggest 600 dead, plus another 1,500 wounded.
1530:. A French army of around 75,000 men, commanded by the
4172:. New York: Franklin Lakes, NJ : New Page Books.
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3030:
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462:
4051:
Famous engagements. Vol. 2, Marathon to Passchendaele
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2385:
2383:
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2455:
2443:
2407:
3649:. Naval War College, Center for Advanced Research.
3114:
3102:
3090:
2934:
2898:
2842:
2742:
2689:
2653:
2629:
174:
3687:(in Portuguese). Biblioteca Genealogica de Lisboa.
3628:Queen Anne (Revised) (The English Monarchs Series)
2419:
2395:
2376:
2361:
2012:15:00 Boufflers ordered a general retreat towards
4090:Marlborough and The War of the Spanish Succession
3888:
3500:Friso: het tragische leven van Johan Willem Friso
2824:
4205:
3573:Drévillon, Hervé; Fonck, Bertrand, eds. (2017).
1883:he often adopted to keep opponents off balance.
144:
3991:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)
3889:Thackeray, Frank W.; Findling, John E. (1998).
3809:
3763:Malplaquet 1709: Marlborough's Bloodiest Battle
3580:(in French). Presses universitaires de Rennes.
3558:. Stanford University Press. pp. 163–170.
3441:
2707:
2671:
2509:
1878:Villars had also learned from Ramillies, where
159:
3683:Instituto Português de Heráldica, ed. (2006).
3572:
2497:
1808:governments, which often required compromise.
3967:
3741:
3694:Philip V of Spain: The King Who Reigned Twice
3594:
3577:Les dernières guerres de Louis XIV; 1688–1715
3279:
3048:
2892:
448:
4259:Battles of the War of the Spanish Succession
3939:
3737:. Oxford University Press. pp. 112–141.
3539:. Translated by Renfroe, Walter J. Praeger.
3504:Friso: the tragic life of John William Friso
3442:Chandler, David; Beckett, Ian, eds. (1996).
3207:
2623:
2596:
2572:
2260:
2000:
1771:When the 1709 campaign began, Louis ordered
1514:took place on 11 September 1709 during the
3916:
3644:
3469:
3060:
2792:
2548:
1991:; Allied troops enter the French positions
455:
441:
4097:
4086:
4032:Notes on the history of military medicine
3760:
3742:Onnekink, David; Bruin, Reger de (2013).
3735:The Seventeenth Century: Europe 1598–1715
3460:
3368:The Seventeenth Century: Europe 1598–1715
3267:
3255:
3024:
2860:
2812:
346:
189:
4029:
3869:
3831:
3685:Anuário da Nobreza de Portugal; Tomo III
3630:(2001 ed.). Yale University Press.
3531:
3520:
3497:
3422:
3353:
3243:
3219:
3180:
3156:
3144:
3012:
3000:
2964:
2928:
2868:
2864:
2836:
2800:
2796:
2760:
2719:
2647:
2608:
2584:
2560:
2122:
2078:
2032:
1979:
1928:
1838:
207:
4274:Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire
3732:
3384:
3331:
3231:
3036:
2976:
1758:Key locations; modern French region of
1585:caused widespread famine; garrisons at
4206:
4125:
4116:
3984:
3800:
3779:
3663:
3444:The Oxford History of the British Army
3403:
3365:
3303:
3132:
3072:
2988:
2880:
2788:
2772:
2736:
2683:
2533:
2521:
2485:
2473:
2461:
2449:
2437:
2413:
1933:Dutch troops at Malplaquet led by the
4067:
4048:
3850:
3691:
3666:Marlborough: England's Fragile Genius
3625:
3553:
3361:. Chez Janet et Cotelle. p. 241.
3316:Instituto Português de Heráldica 2006
3291:
3192:
3168:
3084:
1581:state was bankrupt, while the severe
436:
4249:Battles involving the Dutch Republic
4167:
4023:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
3958:
3782:Society for Army Historical Research
3710:
3120:
3108:
3096:
2952:
2940:
2904:
2848:
2784:
2748:
2695:
2659:
2635:
2425:
2401:
2389:
2370:
1712:
4264:History of Nord (French department)
4219:Military history of Hauts-de-France
4119:The Life of the Duke of Marlborough
3972:(in German). NZZ Libro. p. 51.
3872:Queen Anne; the Politics of Passion
1913:. Overall control was exercised by
13:
3978:
3819:(in French). Paris: Denis Mariette
3527:(in Dutch). Loveringh en De Jonge.
2265:as a volunteer during this charge.
1740:
1698:
16:1709 Spanish Succession War battle
14:
4285:
4254:Battles involving the Netherlands
4187:
3942:De Veertigjarige Oorlog 1672–1712
3425:Marlborough as Military Commander
4192:
3994:. Wien und Leipzig, C. W. Stern.
3917:Van Lennep, Jacob (1880). "14".
3716:The Wars of Louis XIV: 1667–1714
1909:, plus 10,000 cavalry under the
1739:
1725:
1711:
1697:
1683:
1669:
1655:
1641:
1634:
376:
366:
354:
335:
317:
305:
293:
281:
269:
257:
245:
233:
209:
191:
176:
161:
146:
39:
4239:Battles involving Great Britain
2338:
2329:
2316:
2307:
2294:
2281:
2268:
2249:
2236:
2227:
1656:
1609:initiated peace talks with the
1549:in early September, the Allies
424:
413:
4072:. Cambridge University Press.
3389:. Cambridge University Press.
1726:
1565:Louis to negotiate far better
482:Low Countries and Upper France
125:
1:
4098:Nicholson, Soterios (2018) .
3963:(in Dutch). Martinus Nijhoff.
2825:Thackeray & Findling 1998
2355:
2110:1710 British general election
2019:
1684:
1642:
1572:
1516:War of the Spanish Succession
419:
408:
33:War of the Spanish Succession
2028:
1670:
7:
3940:Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2020).
3803:Batailles Françaises, t. VI
3744:De Vrede van Utrecht (1713)
3476:(4th ed.). McFarland.
3370:. Oxford University Press.
2672:Chandler & Beckett 1996
2510:Chandler & Beckett 1996
2257:James Francis Edward Stuart
1921:as senior Dutch commander.
1896:Louis-François de Boufflers
63:11 September 1709
10:
4290:
4126:Tucker, Spencer C (2009).
4087:Nicholson, G.W.L. (1955).
3832:Shinsuke, Satsuma (2013).
3805:. Flammarion. p. 241.
3521:De Vryer, Abraham (1738).
3337:A short history of England
3324:
2498:Drévillon & Fonck 2017
1834:
1538:force of 86,000 under the
4244:Battles involving Prussia
4229:Battles involving Bavaria
4224:Battles involving Austria
3801:PĂ©rini, HardĂż de (1906).
3761:MacDowall, Simon (2020).
3696:. Yale University Press.
3645:Hattendorf, John (1987).
3498:De Graaf, Ronald (2021).
3461:Corvisier, André (1997).
3049:Onnekink & Bruin 2013
2242:In reality, Tilly's anti-
2176:
1924:
968:Italy and Southern France
478:
402:
389:
223:
135:
55:
38:
30:
25:
4234:Battles involving France
3944:(in Dutch). Prometheus.
3811:Sevin de Quincy, Charles
3664:Holmes, Richard (2008).
3506:] (in Dutch). Boom.
3423:Chandler, David (1996).
3075:, pp. 125–126, 140.
2220:
728:Grovestins' Cavalry Raid
46:The Battle of Malplaquet
4121:. Hardpress Publishing.
4117:Thomas, Edward (1915).
4034:. Legare Street Press.
4030:Garrison, F.H. (1970).
3870:Somerset, Anne (2012).
3851:Simms, Brendan (2008).
3470:Clodfelter, M. (2017).
3465:(in French). Economica.
3366:Bergin, Joseph (2001).
764:Germany and Upper Rhine
4168:Weir, William (2004).
4049:Green, Howard (1971).
3998: Braun, Hans:
3626:Gregg, Edward (1980).
3600:Rousset de Missy, Jean
3355:Anquetil, Louis-Pierre
2917:Van Alphen et al. 2019
2261:
2131:
2088:
2066:No Peace Without Spain
2048:
2001:
1992:
1959:François Nicolas Fagel
1942:
1911:Prince of Hesse-Kassel
1849:Prince Eugene of Savoy
1844:
1266:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
224:Commanders and leaders
4201:at Wikimedia Commons
3692:Kamen, Henry (2001).
3554:Drake, Peter (1960).
3404:Burton, Ivor (1968).
3385:Bromley, JS (1979) .
2255:According to Quincy,
2126:
2082:
2036:
1983:
1932:
1842:
1191:Valencia de Alcántara
403:Casualties and losses
4199:Battle of Malplaquet
4130:. ABC-CLIO. p.
4093:. Army Headquarters.
4068:Jones, J.R. (1993).
3613:(in French). La Haye
3604:Van Huchtenburg, Jan
2710:, pp. 197, 202.
2708:Sevin de Quincy 1726
1917:, who had succeeded
1755:class=notpageimage|
1512:Battle of Malplaquet
395:86,000 men, 100 guns
105:50.33611°N 3.87639°E
50:Jan van Huchtenburgh
26:Battle of Malplaquet
4102:. Forgotten Books.
4000:Hans Rudolf von May
3959:Wijn, J.W. (1959).
3294:, pp. 163–170.
3234:, pp. 459–460.
3210:, pp. 319–320.
3159:, pp. 386–387.
3015:, pp. 186–187.
2955:, pp. 334–335.
2931:, pp. 444–445.
2722:, pp. 173–174.
2599:, pp. 314–315.
2587:, pp. 159–174.
2488:, pp. 138–139.
2476:, pp. 134–135.
2440:, pp. 417–418.
2189:Franco-Prussian War
1985:Battle of Maplaquet
1583:winter of 1708–1709
1577:By early 1709, the
1540:Duke of Marlborough
1528:Spanish Netherlands
1526:, then part of the
1029:Castelnuovo Bormida
398:75,000 men, 80 guns
101: /
3902:(in Dutch). Boom.
3893:. Greenwood Press.
2893:Dumont et al. 1729
2275:Sicco van Goslinga
2162:Holy Roman Emperor
2150:Dutch field deputy
2142:and several Dutch
2132:
2089:
2049:
1993:
1967:Sicco van Goslinga
1947:Count Finckenstein
1943:
1845:
1520:Taisnières-sur-Hon
1291:2nd Ciudad Rodrigo
1231:1st Ciudad Rodrigo
467:Spanish Succession
80:Taisnières-sur-Hon
4269:Conflicts in 1709
4197:Media related to
4141:978-1-85109-672-5
3951:978-90-446-3871-4
3909:978-90-244-3038-3
3881:978-0-00-720376-5
3862:978-0-14-028984-8
3843:978-1-84383-862-3
3836:. Boydell Press.
3772:978-1-4728-4123-0
3753:978-90-8704-312-4
3703:978-0-253-19025-3
3675:978-0-00-722572-9
3637:978-0-300-09024-6
3546:978-0-8371-8165-3
3513:978-90-2443-676-7
3483:978-0-7864-7470-7
3434:978-1-885119-30-8
3427:. Da Capo Press.
3415:978-0-09-456100-7
3396:978-0-521-29396-9
3377:978-0-19-873168-9
3346:978-5-389-07036-3
3208:Van Nimwegen 2020
3183:, pp. 37–40.
3171:, pp. 60–64.
2624:Van Nimwegen 2020
2597:Van Nimwegen 2020
2573:Van Nimwegen 2020
2140:Anthonie Heinsius
1939:Charles Rochussen
1890:, as well as the
1888:Swiss mercenaries
1619:Philip V of Spain
1505:
1504:
1150:Iberian Peninsula
563:2nd Fort Isabella
488:1st Fort Isabella
431:
430:
184:Holy Roman Empire
131:
130:
110:50.33611; 3.87639
4281:
4196:
4183:
4164:
4145:
4122:
4113:
4094:
4083:
4064:
4045:
4018:
4012:
4006:
3995:
3973:
3964:
3955:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3913:
3894:
3885:
3866:
3847:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3806:
3797:
3788:(390): 222–229.
3776:
3757:
3738:
3729:
3707:
3688:
3679:
3660:
3641:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3591:
3569:
3550:
3528:
3517:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3466:
3457:
3438:
3419:
3400:
3381:
3362:
3350:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2374:
2368:
2349:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2327:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2302:Prisoners of War
2298:
2292:
2285:
2279:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2253:
2247:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2137:Grand Pensionary
2006:
1935:Prince of Orange
1907:Prince of Orange
1821:siege of Tournai
1793:Frontière de fer
1743:
1742:
1729:
1728:
1715:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1687:
1686:
1673:
1672:
1659:
1658:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1627:Archduke Charles
1161:Castello de Vide
473:
472:
457:
450:
443:
434:
433:
427:
421:
416:
410:
381:
380:
371:
370:
359:
358:
348:
340:
339:
322:
321:
310:
309:
298:
297:
286:
285:
276:Prince of Orange
274:
273:
262:
261:
250:
249:
238:
237:
219:
215:
213:
212:
201:
197:
195:
194:
186:
182:
180:
179:
171:
167:
165:
164:
156:
152:
150:
149:
116:
115:
113:
112:
111:
106:
102:
99:
98:
97:
94:
70:
68:
57:
56:
43:
23:
22:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4204:
4203:
4190:
4180:
4161:
4142:
4110:
4080:
4061:
4042:
3981:
3979:Further reading
3976:
3952:
3930:
3928:
3910:
3882:
3863:
3844:
3822:
3820:
3773:
3754:
3726:
3704:
3676:
3657:
3638:
3616:
3614:
3588:
3566:
3547:
3514:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3454:
3453:978-0-192853332
3435:
3416:
3397:
3378:
3347:
3327:
3322:
3314:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3290:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3270:, pp. 2–4.
3266:
3262:
3254:
3250:
3242:
3238:
3230:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3206:
3199:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3175:
3167:
3163:
3155:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3131:
3127:
3119:
3115:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3061:Hattendorf 1987
3059:
3055:
3047:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3007:
2999:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2975:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2867:, p. 229;
2859:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2823:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2799:, p. 265;
2793:Clodfelter 2017
2791:, p. 433;
2787:, p. 334;
2783:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2630:
2622:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2549:Van Lennep 1880
2547:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2412:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2377:
2369:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2282:
2273:
2269:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2179:
2171:Duke of Ormonde
2108:in the October
2044:Ceinture de fer
2031:
2022:
1927:
1837:
1779:, running from
1769:
1768:
1767:
1760:Hauts-de-France
1757:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1575:
1532:Duke of Villars
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1472:Cap de la Roque
1084:2nd Castiglione
989:1st Castiglione
474:
470:
469:
466:
463:
461:
422:
411:
385:
375:
365:
353:
334:
328:
316:
304:
292:
280:
268:
256:
252:Eugene of Savoy
244:
232:
210:
208:
204:
192:
190:
177:
175:
162:
160:
147:
145:
109:
107:
103:
100:
95:
92:
90:
88:
87:
86:
66:
64:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4287:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4214:1709 in France
4189:
4188:External links
4186:
4185:
4184:
4178:
4165:
4160:978-9087283650
4159:
4146:
4140:
4123:
4114:
4109:978-1528477857
4108:
4095:
4084:
4079:978-0521375719
4078:
4065:
4060:978-0850520408
4059:
4046:
4041:978-1397937636
4040:
4027:
4020:in the online
3996:
3986:Bodart, Gaston
3980:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3965:
3956:
3950:
3937:
3914:
3908:
3895:
3886:
3880:
3867:
3861:
3848:
3842:
3829:
3807:
3798:
3777:
3771:
3758:
3752:
3739:
3730:
3724:
3708:
3702:
3689:
3680:
3674:
3661:
3656:978-0824078133
3655:
3642:
3636:
3623:
3592:
3587:978-2753585317
3586:
3570:
3564:
3551:
3545:
3533:DelbrĂĽck, Hans
3529:
3518:
3512:
3495:
3482:
3467:
3458:
3452:
3439:
3433:
3420:
3414:
3401:
3395:
3382:
3376:
3363:
3351:
3345:
3333:Jenkins, Simon
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3318:, p. 391.
3308:
3306:, p. 432.
3296:
3284:
3280:Z'Graggen 2018
3272:
3268:Corvisier 1997
3260:
3256:MacDowall 2020
3248:
3246:, p. 471.
3236:
3224:
3222:, p. 445.
3212:
3197:
3195:, p. 101.
3185:
3173:
3161:
3149:
3147:, p. 387.
3137:
3135:, p. 435.
3125:
3123:, p. 338.
3113:
3111:, p. 337.
3101:
3099:, p. 336.
3089:
3087:, p. 289.
3077:
3065:
3063:, p. 304.
3053:
3041:
3039:, p. 125.
3029:
3025:MacDowall 2020
3017:
3005:
3003:, p. 241.
2993:
2991:, p. 434.
2981:
2979:, p. 220.
2969:
2967:, p. 325.
2957:
2945:
2943:, p. 541.
2933:
2921:
2909:
2907:, p. 543.
2897:
2885:
2883:, p. 227.
2873:
2871:, p. 387.
2861:Corvisier 1997
2853:
2851:, p. 334.
2841:
2839:, p. 229.
2829:
2817:
2813:MacDowall 2020
2805:
2803:, p. 387.
2795:, p. 74;
2777:
2775:, p. 222.
2765:
2763:, p. 184.
2753:
2751:, p. 537.
2741:
2739:, p. 433.
2724:
2712:
2700:
2698:, p. 544.
2688:
2686:, p. 431.
2676:
2664:
2662:, p. 333.
2652:
2650:, p. 261.
2640:
2638:, p. 532.
2628:
2626:, p. 318.
2613:
2611:, p. 294.
2601:
2589:
2577:
2575:, p. 313.
2565:
2563:, p. 153.
2553:
2551:, p. 280.
2538:
2536:, p. 426.
2526:
2524:, p. 135.
2514:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2464:, p. 423.
2454:
2452:, p. 422.
2442:
2430:
2428:, p. 330.
2418:
2416:, p. 412.
2406:
2404:, p. 328.
2394:
2392:, p. 331.
2375:
2373:, p. 332.
2359:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2337:
2328:
2315:
2306:
2293:
2280:
2267:
2248:
2235:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2215:FĂ©ilim Ă“ NĂ©ill
2178:
2175:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2018:
1989:Louis Laguerre
1926:
1923:
1903:Earl of Orkney
1836:
1833:
1762:(dark green),
1753:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1611:Grand Alliance
1574:
1571:
1536:Grand Alliance
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1435:Saint Gotthard
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
994:Santa Vittoria
991:
986:
981:
976:
970:
969:
965:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
933:
932:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
766:
765:
761:
760:
755:
750:
748:2nd Le Quesnoy
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
718:1st Le Quesnoy
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
663:Saint Ghislain
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
484:
483:
479:
476:
475:
460:
459:
452:
445:
437:
429:
428:
417:
405:
404:
400:
399:
396:
392:
391:
387:
386:
384:
383:
373:
363:
351:
331:
329:
327:
326:
324:Earl of Orkney
314:
302:
290:
278:
266:
254:
242:
229:
226:
225:
221:
220:
205:
203:
202:
187:
172:
157:
154:Dutch Republic
141:
138:
137:
133:
132:
129:
128:
122:
118:
117:
84:French Hainaut
78:
76:
72:
71:
61:
53:
52:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4286:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4202:
4200:
4195:
4181:
4175:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3873:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3725:0-582-05629-2
3721:
3717:
3713:
3712:Lynn, John A.
3709:
3705:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3652:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3565:0-8047-0022-2
3561:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3485:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:. Constable.
3407:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3317:
3312:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3288:
3282:, p. 51.
3281:
3276:
3269:
3264:
3258:, p. 23.
3257:
3252:
3245:
3244:Somerset 2012
3240:
3233:
3228:
3221:
3220:Somerset 2012
3216:
3209:
3204:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3182:
3181:Shinsuke 2013
3177:
3170:
3165:
3158:
3157:Somerset 2012
3153:
3146:
3145:Somerset 2012
3141:
3134:
3129:
3122:
3117:
3110:
3105:
3098:
3093:
3086:
3081:
3074:
3069:
3062:
3057:
3051:, p. 65.
3050:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3027:, p. 89.
3026:
3021:
3014:
3013:De Graaf 2021
3009:
3002:
3001:Anquetil 1819
2997:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2966:
2965:DelbrĂĽck 1919
2961:
2954:
2949:
2942:
2937:
2930:
2929:De Vryer 1738
2925:
2919:, p. 95.
2918:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2895:, p. 97.
2894:
2889:
2882:
2877:
2870:
2869:Somerset 2012
2866:
2865:DelbrĂĽck 1919
2863:, p. 1;
2862:
2857:
2850:
2845:
2838:
2837:DelbrĂĽck 1919
2833:
2827:, p. 34.
2826:
2821:
2815:, p. 84.
2814:
2809:
2802:
2801:Somerset 2012
2798:
2797:Chandler 1996
2794:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2762:
2761:De Graaf 2021
2757:
2750:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2721:
2720:De Graaf 2021
2716:
2709:
2704:
2697:
2692:
2685:
2680:
2674:, p. 84.
2673:
2668:
2661:
2656:
2649:
2648:Chandler 1996
2644:
2637:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2610:
2609:Chandler 1996
2605:
2598:
2593:
2586:
2585:De Graaf 2021
2581:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2561:De Graaf 2021
2557:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2535:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2512:, p. 71.
2511:
2506:
2500:, p. 36.
2499:
2494:
2487:
2482:
2475:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2439:
2434:
2427:
2422:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2398:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2347:
2341:
2332:
2325:
2319:
2310:
2303:
2297:
2290:
2289:Scots Brigade
2284:
2276:
2271:
2263:
2262:Maison du Roi
2258:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:Maison du Roi
2208:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2174:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2003:Maison du Roi
1998:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1963:Scots Brigade
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1922:
1920:
1919:Lord Overkirk
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1892:Irish Brigade
1889:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:Henry Withers
1850:
1841:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1766:(light green)
1765:
1761:
1756:
1637:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1551:besieged Mons
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:Cabrita Point
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1461:Naval battles
1460:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1386:4th Barcelona
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:3rd Barcelona
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:2nd Barcelona
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1186:2nd Gibraltar
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:1st Gibraltar
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:1st Barcelona
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
967:
966:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
931:
928:
927:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
763:
762:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
481:
480:
477:
468:
458:
453:
451:
446:
444:
439:
438:
435:
426:
418:
415:
407:
406:
401:
397:
394:
393:
388:
382:De la Colonie
379:
374:
369:
364:
362:
357:
352:
349:
343:
338:
333:
332:
330:
325:
320:
315:
313:
308:
303:
301:
296:
291:
289:
284:
279:
277:
272:
267:
265:
260:
255:
253:
248:
243:
241:
236:
231:
230:
228:
227:
222:
218:
206:
200:
188:
185:
173:
170:
169:Great Britain
158:
155:
143:
142:
140:
139:
134:
127:
123:
120:
119:
114:
85:
81:
77:
74:
73:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
47:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
4191:
4169:
4150:
4127:
4118:
4099:
4089:
4069:
4050:
4031:
4021:
3999:
3990:
3969:
3960:
3941:
3929:. Retrieved
3924:
3919:
3899:
3890:
3871:
3852:
3833:
3821:. Retrieved
3815:
3802:
3785:
3781:
3762:
3746:. Verloren.
3743:
3734:
3715:
3693:
3684:
3665:
3646:
3627:
3615:. Retrieved
3608:
3596:Dumont, Jean
3578:
3574:
3555:
3536:
3523:
3503:
3499:
3487:. Retrieved
3472:
3462:
3443:
3424:
3405:
3386:
3367:
3358:
3336:
3311:
3299:
3287:
3275:
3263:
3251:
3239:
3232:Bromley 1979
3227:
3215:
3188:
3176:
3164:
3152:
3140:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3092:
3080:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3037:Parrott 2001
3032:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2984:
2977:Jenkins 2021
2972:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2876:
2856:
2844:
2832:
2820:
2808:
2780:
2768:
2756:
2744:
2715:
2703:
2691:
2679:
2667:
2655:
2643:
2631:
2604:
2592:
2580:
2568:
2556:
2529:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2445:
2433:
2421:
2409:
2397:
2340:
2331:
2318:
2309:
2296:
2283:
2270:
2251:
2238:
2229:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2196:Swiss Guards
2193:
2180:
2155:
2143:
2133:
2129:Pieter Tanjé
2118:Villaviciosa
2102:
2090:
2085:Villaviciosa
2064:demands of "
2054:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2023:
2010:
1994:
1984:
1975:
1971:
1944:
1900:
1885:
1877:
1862:
1846:
1818:
1791:
1789:
1781:Saint-Venant
1777:River Scarpe
1770:
1719:Saint-Venant
1599:Valenciennes
1576:
1563:
1559:
1544:
1534:, engaged a
1511:
1509:
1497:Lizard Point
1477:Cape Spartel
1351:Villaviciosa
1134:Fenestrelles
920:2nd Haguenau
910:1st Haguenau
890:2nd Trarbach
855:Schellenberg
825:Munderkingen
790:1st Trarbach
770:Kaiserswerth
753:2nd Bouchain
708:1st Bouchain
698:Saint-Venant
677:
513:Stevensweert
136:Belligerents
45:
31:Part of the
18:
4070:Marlborough
4026:, 2009.
3855:. Penguin.
3718:. Longman.
3339:. КоЛибри.
3304:Holmes 2008
3133:Holmes 2008
3073:Bergin 2001
2989:Holmes 2008
2881:PĂ©rini 1906
2789:Holmes 2008
2773:Penant 2019
2737:Holmes 2008
2684:Holmes 2008
2534:Holmes 2008
2522:Burton 1968
2486:Bergin 2001
2474:Burton 1968
2462:Holmes 2008
2450:Holmes 2008
2438:Holmes 2008
2414:Holmes 2008
2083:Victory at
1955:Schulenburg
1915:Count Tilly
1810:Marlborough
1567:peace terms
1492:Beachy Head
1455:Nagymajtény
1425:Nagyszombat
1410:Schmöllnitz
1391:2nd Majorca
1251:1st Majorca
1196:Albuquerque
1099:Pizzigetone
1094:Alessandria
942:3rd Hagenau
900:Lauterbourg
895:Wissembourg
780:Friedlingen
738:Marchiennes
653:Hondschoote
623:Dendermonde
498:Saint Donas
312:Schulenburg
240:Marlborough
108: /
4208:Categories
4179:1564144917
4053:. Cooper.
3874:. Harper.
3765:. Osprey.
3668:. Harper.
3292:Drake 1960
3193:Kamen 2001
3169:Simms 2008
3085:Gregg 1980
2356:References
2346:Royal Navy
2324:Parliament
2020:Casualties
2014:Le Quesnoy
1997:Grovestins
1858:earthworks
1829:Malplaquet
1747:Le Quesnoy
1705:Malplaquet
1625:candidate
1573:Background
1522:in modern
1405:Eisenstadt
1381:2nd Girona
1356:1st Girona
1341:2nd Madrid
1246:El AlbujĂłn
1236:1st Madrid
1171:Portalegre
1004:Borgoforte
957:4th Landau
952:Rumersheim
947:Stollhofen
915:Drusenheim
885:3rd Landau
870:Ingolstadt
845:2nd Landau
840:Speyerbach
815:Sigharting
775:1st Landau
723:Landrécies
678:Malplaquet
643:Wijnendale
493:Middelburg
465:War of the
93:50°20′10″N
67:1709-09-11
3121:Lynn 1999
3109:Lynn 1999
3097:Lynn 1999
2953:Lynn 1999
2941:Wijn 1959
2905:Wijn 1959
2849:Lynn 1999
2785:Lynn 1999
2749:Wijn 1959
2696:Wijn 1959
2660:Lynn 1999
2636:Wijn 1959
2426:Lynn 1999
2402:Lynn 1999
2390:Lynn 1999
2371:Lynn 1999
2322:In 1709,
2202:in 1808.
2074:La Gudina
2039:Pré carré
2029:Aftermath
1873:Oudenarde
1869:Ramillies
1621:with the
1615:The Hague
1607:Louis XIV
1555:Louis XIV
1361:Aren Fort
1326:La Gudiña
1271:CastellĂłn
1226:Alcántara
1216:San Mateo
1074:Calcinato
1059:Mirandola
1014:Governolo
1009:Guastalla
937:Aidenbach
865:Villingen
835:Höchstädt
795:Andernach
785:Rheinberg
743:2nd Douai
688:1st Douai
648:Leffinghe
633:Oudenarde
603:Ramillies
593:Zandvliet
588:Zoutleeuw
573:2nd Liége
533:Groesbeek
523:1st Liége
361:Boufflers
126:Aftermath
96:3°52′35″E
4153:. Boom.
3988:(1908).
3813:(1726).
3794:26899866
3714:(1999).
3606:(1729).
3535:(1919).
3357:(1819).
3335:(2021).
2244:Orangist
2166:Bouchain
2145:regenten
2114:Brihuega
2070:Alicante
1880:Villeroy
1865:Blenheim
1806:Austrian
1623:Habsburg
1467:Vigo Bay
1366:Venasque
1346:Brihuega
1336:Zaragoza
1321:Alicante
1201:MontjuĂŻc
1144:Syracuse
1119:2nd Susa
1054:Chivasso
1039:Vercelli
1034:1st Susa
962:Freiburg
930:Sendling
875:Blenheim
850:Augsburg
830:Breisach
800:Neubourg
658:Brussels
583:Elixheim
538:Tongeren
518:Roermond
503:Nijmegen
390:Strength
372:Puységur
75:Location
4017:Italian
3931:17 July
3823:13 July
3617:16 July
3489:18 June
3446:. OUP.
3325:Sources
2094:BĂ©thune
2057:Utrecht
1835:Prelude
1798:British
1773:Villars
1764:Belgium
1663:Tournai
1603:Cambrai
1595:St Omer
1587:Tournai
1547:Tournai
1518:, near
1440:TrenÄŤĂn
1398:Hungary
1376:Cardona
1371:Tortosa
1331:Almenar
1311:Minorca
1306:Tortosa
1301:Morella
1281:Almansa
1276:Villena
1211:Badajoz
1129:Exilles
1064:Cassano
999:Luzzara
984:Cremona
925:Bavaria
905:Homburg
805:Geldern
693:BĂ©thune
673:Tournai
608:Antwerp
578:3rd Huy
568:2nd Huy
558:Limburg
553:1st Huy
543:Stekene
423:
412:
344: (
342:Villars
199:Prussia
65: (
4176:
4157:
4138:
4106:
4076:
4057:
4038:
4011:French
4005:German
3948:
3906:
3878:
3859:
3840:
3792:
3769:
3750:
3722:
3700:
3672:
3653:
3634:
3584:
3562:
3543:
3510:
3480:
3450:
3431:
3412:
3393:
3374:
3343:
2200:Bailén
2184:Denain
2177:Legacy
2158:Joseph
2106:Tories
1951:Lottum
1925:Battle
1733:Boussu
1579:French
1524:France
1482:Málaga
1445:Kölesd
1296:Lleida
1286:XĂ tiva
1256:Cuenca
1241:Murcia
1139:Cesana
1114:Toulon
1104:Casale
1049:Verrua
979:Chiari
758:Knocke
733:Denain
613:Ostend
548:Ekeren
471:Europe
425:11,000
414:22,000
300:Lottum
217:France
214:
196:
181:
166:
151:
121:Result
3923:[
3790:JSTOR
3610:tĂ´mes
3502:[
2221:Notes
1937:, by
1814:Ypres
1802:Dutch
1785:Douai
1691:Ypres
1649:Douai
1591:Arras
1450:Kassa
1430:ZsibĂł
1316:Denia
1261:Elche
1181:Ceuta
1156:Cádiz
1124:Gaeta
1109:Milan
1089:Pavia
1079:Turin
1044:Ivrea
974:Carpi
713:Arras
668:Ghent
638:Lille
618:Menin
598:Diest
528:Hulst
508:Venlo
288:Fagel
264:Tilly
4174:ISBN
4155:ISBN
4136:ISBN
4104:ISBN
4074:ISBN
4055:ISBN
4036:ISBN
4014:and
4002:in
3946:ISBN
3933:2023
3904:ISBN
3876:ISBN
3857:ISBN
3838:ISBN
3825:2023
3767:ISBN
3748:ISBN
3720:ISBN
3698:ISBN
3670:ISBN
3651:ISBN
3632:ISBN
3619:2023
3582:ISBN
3560:ISBN
3541:ISBN
3508:ISBN
3491:2023
3478:ISBN
3448:ISBN
3429:ISBN
3410:ISBN
3391:ISBN
3372:ISBN
3341:ISBN
2116:and
2098:Aire
2072:and
2062:Whig
2037:The
1953:and
1871:and
1825:Mons
1804:and
1677:Mons
1601:and
1510:The
1420:Páta
1415:Raab
1069:Nice
1024:Arco
1019:Nago
860:Rain
820:Bonn
810:Kehl
703:Aire
683:Mons
124:See
60:Date
4132:872
2160:as
1987:by
1783:to
1613:in
880:Ulm
628:Ath
347:WIA
4210::
4134:.
4008:,
3786:97
3784:.
3602:;
3598:;
3200:^
2727:^
2616:^
2541:^
2378:^
2363:^
2096:,
1949:,
1867:,
1831:.
1800:,
1787:.
1597:,
1593:,
1589:,
420:c.
409:c.
82:,
48:,
4182:.
4163:.
4144:.
4112:.
4082:.
4063:.
4044:.
3954:.
3935:.
3912:.
3884:.
3865:.
3846:.
3827:.
3796:.
3775:.
3756:.
3728:.
3706:.
3678:.
3659:.
3640:.
3621:.
3590:.
3568:.
3549:.
3516:.
3493:.
3456:.
3437:.
3418:.
3399:.
3380:.
3349:.
2291:.
1941:.
456:e
449:t
442:v
350:)
69:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_-_The_Battle_of_Malplaquet,_1709_-_RCIN_404898_-_Royal_Collection.jpg)
