748:
727:
defensive lines surrounding
Liaoyang. This enabled the Japanese forces to advance to a position where they were within range to shell the city, including its crucial railway station. This prompted Kuropatkin to at last authorize a counter-attack, with the aim of destroying the Japanese forces across the Taitzu River and securing a hill known to the Japanese as "Manjuyama", to the east of the city. Kuroki had only two complete divisions to the east of the city, and Kuropatkin decided to commit the entire 1st Siberian Army Corps and 10th Siberian Army Corps and thirteen battalions under Major General N. V. Orlov (the equivalent of five divisions) against him. However, the messenger sent by Kuropatkin with orders got lost, and Orlov’s outnumbered men panicked at the sight of the Japanese divisions.
842:
193:
182:
171:
160:
794:
830:
806:
818:
735:
forces on
Manjuyama was initially successful, but in the confusion, three Russian regiments fired upon each other, and by morning the hill was back in Japanese hands. Meanwhile, on 3 September Kuropatkin received a report from General Zarubayev on the inner defensive line that he was running short on ammunition. This report was quickly followed by a report by Stackelberg that his troops were too tired to continue the counter-attack. When a report arrived that the Japanese First Army was poised to cut off Liaoyang from the north, Kuropatkin then decided to abandon the city, and to regroup at
127:
682:, Kuropatkin was convinced that he was outnumbered, whereas Ōyama, with the assistance of the local Chinese population, had precise knowledge of the Russian strength and deployment. However, Ōyama was concerned with his numerical inferiority, and waited to attack in hopes that a quick victory at Port Arthur would enable him to add the strength of IJA 3rd Army to his forces before yet more Russian reinforcements arrived to the north. However, after three weeks without progress at Port Arthur, Ōyama decided that he could wait no longer.
719:
approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of
Liaoyang, and included several small hills which had been heavily fortified, most notably a 210-meter tall hill known to the Russians as "Cairn Hill". The shorter lines were easier for the Russians to defend, but played into Ōyama’s plans to encircle and destroy the Russian Manchurian Army. Ōyama ordered Kuroki to the north, where he cut the railroad line and the Russian escape route, while Oku and Nozu were ordered to prepare for a direct frontal assault to the south.
39:
238:
227:
216:
205:
140:
726:
On 1 September, the
Japanese 2nd Army had taken Cairn Hill and approximately half of the Japanese 1st Army had crossed the Taitzu River about eight miles east of the Russian lines. Kuropatkin then decided to abandon his strong defensive line, and made an orderly retreat to the innermost of the three
580:
planned to counter the
Japanese advance with a series of planned withdrawals, intended to trade territory for the time necessary for enough reserves to arrive from Russia to give him a decisive numerical advantage over the Japanese. However, this strategy was not in favor with the Russian Viceroy
714:
engaged the 10th
Siberian Army Corps to the east of Liaoyang. Fierce night fighting occurred around the slopes of a mountain called "Peikou", which fell to the Japanese by the evening of 26 August. Kuropatin ordered a retreat under the cover of heavy rain and fog, to the outermost defensive line
734:
arrived on the afternoon of 2 September, exhausted by a long march through the mud and torrential rains. When
Stackelberg asked General Mishchenko for assistance from two brigades of his Cossacks, Mishchenko claimed to have orders to go elsewhere and abandoned him. The night assault of Japanese
718:
However, on 27 August, much to the surprise of the
Japanese and consternation of his commanders, Kuropatkin did not order a counterattack, but instead ordered that the outer defense perimeter be abandoned, and that all Russian forces should pull back to the second defensive line. This line was
722:
The next phase of the battle began on 30 August with a renewed
Japanese offensive on all fronts. However, again due to superior artillery and their extensive fortifications, the Russians repulsed the attacks on 30 August and 31 August, causing considerable losses to the Japanese. Again to the
778:
Officially, 5,537 Japanese and 3,611 Russian were killed, and 18,063 Japanese and 14,301 Russian wounded. Soviet studies later asserted that the
Russian armies suffered about 15,548 casualties (2007 killed 1448 missing, 12 093 wounded) against 23,615 total Japanese casualties
747:
675:, was to have the 2nd Army advance along the railway line, while the 1st Army converged upon the city via Motien Pass from the north. The 4th Army would be a reserve to be committed to the right of the 2nd Army towards the end of the battle.
698:
against the right flank of the 3rd Siberian Army Corps. The attack was defeated by the Russians under General Bilderling largely due to the superior weight of the Russian artillery and the Japanese took over a thousand casualties.
715:
surrounding Liaoyang, which he had reinforced with his reserves. Also on 26 August, the advance of the IJA 2nd Army and IJA 4th Army was stalled by General Zarubaev's Southern Group before the outmost defensive line to the south.
763:
Despite Ōyama’s goal of encircling and annihilating the Russian forces in Manchuria at Liaoyang, Kuropatkin was able to retreat in good order as the exhausted Japanese were unable to pursue. On 7 September, Kuropatkin informed
723:
consternation of his generals, Kuropatkin would not authorize a counter-attack. Kuropatkin continued to overestimate the size of the attacking forces, and would not agree to commit his reserve forces to the battle.
642:
His outermost defensive line extended approximately 12 miles (19 km) to the south of the ancient walled city. With the start of the rainy season in July, the muddy terrain favored the defenders.
775:
Celebrations in Tokyo were muted by the heavy casualty reports, and the knowledge that their victory was not complete as the decisive battle of the war would need to be fought elsewhere.
841:
793:
805:
317:
829:
817:
711:
671:Ōyama had a total of eight divisions with 120,000 men and 170 artillery pieces. The overall Japanese strategy, which had been developed by General
596:
At Liaoyang, Kuropatkin had a total of 14 divisions with 158,000 men, supported by 609 artillery pieces. He divided his forces into three groups.
1019:
1098:
310:
1073:
917:
The Official history of the Russo-Japanese War / prepared by the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence Part IV p 115
908:
The Official history of the Russo-Japanese War / prepared by the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence Part IV App D
768:
that he had won a great victory over the Japanese by avoiding encirclement and inflicting great losses. However, Russian War Minister
872:
The Official history of the Russo-Japanese War / prepared by the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence Part IV p 12
497:
395:
342:
303:
1035:
703:
75:
787:
Russian forces were supported by observers in a variety of balloons, providing aerial monitoring of the unfolding battle.
1088:
739:
a further 65 kilometres (40 mi) to the north. The retreat began on 3 September and was completed by 10 September.
1054:
1003:
996:
The War of the Rising Sun and the Tumbling Bear – A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War 1904–5
1093:
609:
402:
588:
Both sides viewed Liaoyang as a site suitable for a decisive battle which would decide the outcome of the war.
457:
1078:
690:
The battle began on 25 August with a Japanese artillery barrage, followed by the advance of the Japanese
582:
367:
899:Свод материалов к отчету по интендантской части за время войны с Японией" стр. 398–399. табл. #30
628:
624:
620:
605:
601:
521:
242:
1083:
691:
545:
516:. The city was of great strategic importance as the major Russian military center for southern
354:
679:
533:
422:
417:
359:
349:
525:
573:
569:
432:
427:
382:
8:
731:
695:
565:
557:
412:
220:
1013:
577:
549:
501:
387:
377:
327:
209:
30:
1050:
1031:
999:
707:
638:
Kuropatkin kept a reserve of 30 battalions, mostly from the 17th Siberian Army Corps.
564:
was assigned to attack the Russian naval base at Port Arthur to the south, while the
509:
447:
407:
672:
632:
616:
489:
452:
372:
231:
848:
769:
756:
664:
650:
442:
197:
175:
132:
145:
1067:
765:
585:, who was pushing for a more aggressive stance and quick victory over Japan.
561:
90:
77:
553:
164:
1042:
657:
186:
631:, together with a total of 11 cavalry squadrons under Lieutenant General
980:
Russia and USSR in Wars of the XX century - Moskow, Veche, 2010 - p.32
38:
752:
517:
295:
505:
68:
799:
Battle of Liaoyang, Russian crew of balloon handlers on the ground
751:
After the Battle of Liaoyang: Injured Russians transported by the
520:, and a major population center on the main line on the Russian
736:
529:
811:
Battle of Liaoyang, Russian balloon anchored between missions
513:
835:
Battle of Liaoyang, Russian balloon, observers in the basket
823:
Battle of Liaoyang, Russian observation balloon in mid-air
890:Русско-японская война 1904–1905 гг., т. 3, ч. 2. с. 270.
881:Русско-японская война 1904–1905 гг., т. 3, ч. 2. с. 257.
576:
would converge on the city of Liaoyang. Russian General
257:
208.5 battalions, 153 squadrons, 673 guns, 245,300 men
730:
Meanwhile, the 1st Siberian Army Corps under General
645:Ōyama also divided his forces into three groups:
254:115 battalions, 33 squadrons, 484 guns 127,360 men
16:First major land battle of the Russo-Japanese war
1065:
1047:Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War
949:Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War
481:
475:
311:
615:The Southern Group was commanded by General
993:
600:The Eastern Group was commanded by General
1018:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
868:
866:
318:
304:
943:
1030:. Osprey Essential Histories. (2002).
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
911:
746:
963:
961:
959:
957:
863:
1066:
1041:
325:
920:
299:
1099:Battles involving the Russian Empire
954:
536:with three lines of fortifications.
13:
504:, on the outskirts of the city of
14:
1110:
1074:Battles of the Russo-Japanese War
532:. The city was fortified by the
1028:The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905
969:The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905
851:and Chief of Staff Fujii Shigeta
840:
828:
816:
804:
792:
236:
225:
214:
203:
191:
180:
169:
158:
138:
125:
37:
702:On the night of 25 August, the
591:
486:, 25 August – 3 September 1904)
974:
902:
893:
884:
875:
1:
987:
539:
742:
58:25 August – 3 September 1904
7:
994:Connaughton, R. M. (1988).
663:IJA 4th Army under General
656:IJA 2nd Army under General
649:IJA 1st Army under General
583:Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev
482:
10:
1115:
1089:1904 in the Russian Empire
782:
694:under Lieutenant General
685:
560:under Lieutenant General
493:
476:
337:
261:
248:
151:
118:
50:
36:
28:
23:
856:
692:Imperial Guards Division
610:10th European Army Corps
556:divided his forces. The
522:South Manchurian Railway
1094:Battles involving Japan
1049:. The Scarecrow Press.
629:4th Siberian Army Corps
625:2nd Siberian Army Corps
621:1st Siberian Army Corps
606:3rd Siberian Army Corps
602:Alexandr von Bilderling
243:Alexandr von Bilderling
772:ridiculed the report.
760:
678:Due to a disparity in
546:Imperial Japanese Army
152:Commanders and leaders
91:41.79556°N 123.44806°E
750:
680:military intelligence
619:and consisted of the
604:and consisted of the
534:Imperial Russian Army
262:Casualties and losses
710:under Major General
383:Dogger Bank incident
1079:History of Shenyang
732:Georgii Stackelberg
712:Matsunaga Masatoshi
696:Hasegawa Yoshimichi
552:, Japanese General
494:Сражение при Ляояне
221:Georgii Stackelberg
96:41.79556; 123.44806
87: /
44:Battle of Liao Yang
761:
578:Aleksey Kuropatkin
550:Liaodong Peninsula
502:Russo-Japanese War
471:Battle of Liaoyang
329:Russo-Japanese War
210:Aleksey Kuropatkin
31:Russo-Japanese War
24:Battle of Liaoyang
1036:978-1-84176-446-7
1026:Jukes, Geoffrey.
847:Japanese General
708:IJA 12th Division
510:Liaoning Province
466:
465:
294:
293:
114:
113:
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1060:
1023:
1017:
1009:
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978:
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952:
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900:
897:
891:
888:
882:
879:
873:
870:
844:
832:
820:
808:
796:
704:IJA 2nd Division
633:Pavel Mishchenko
617:Nikolai Zarubaev
495:
487:
485:
479:
478:
332:
330:
320:
313:
306:
297:
296:
241:
240:
239:
232:Nikolai Zarubaev
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229:
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185:
184:
183:
174:
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144:
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131:
129:
128:
110:Japanese victory
102:
101:
99:
98:
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92:
88:
85:
84:
83:
80:
52:
51:
46:by Fritz Neumann
41:
21:
20:
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894:
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885:
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876:
871:
864:
859:
852:
849:Kuroki Tamemoto
845:
836:
833:
824:
821:
812:
809:
800:
797:
785:
770:Viktor Sakharov
757:Angelo Agostini
745:
688:
665:Nozu Michitsura
651:Kuroki Tamemoto
594:
542:
508:in present-day
473:
467:
462:
428:2nd Port Arthur
392:
350:1st Port Arthur
333:
328:
326:
324:
237:
235:
234:
226:
224:
223:
215:
213:
212:
204:
202:
198:Nozu Michitsura
192:
190:
189:
181:
179:
178:
176:Kuroki Tamemoto
170:
168:
167:
159:
157:
139:
137:
133:Empire of Japan
126:
124:
95:
93:
89:
86:
81:
78:
76:
74:
73:
72:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1112:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1039:
1024:
1004:
989:
986:
983:
982:
973:
953:
951:, pp. 205–208.
919:
910:
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846:
839:
837:
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798:
791:
784:
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741:
687:
684:
673:Kodama Gentarō
669:
668:
661:
654:
640:
639:
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613:
593:
590:
548:landed on the
541:
538:
496:) was a major
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352:
339:
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335:
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323:
322:
315:
308:
300:
292:
291:
290:
289:
288:14,301 wounded
286:
278:
277:
276:
275:18,603 wounded
273:
264:
263:
259:
258:
255:
251:
250:
246:
245:
200:
154:
153:
149:
148:
146:Russian Empire
135:
121:
120:
116:
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111:
108:
104:
103:
66:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1111:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:1904 in Japan
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1058:
1056:0-8108-4927-5
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:Kowner, Rotem
1040:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1007:
1005:0-415-00906-5
1001:
997:
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970:
964:
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960:
958:
950:
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934:
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928:
926:
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914:
905:
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878:
869:
867:
862:
850:
843:
838:
831:
826:
819:
814:
807:
802:
795:
790:
789:
788:
780:
776:
773:
771:
767:
766:St Petersburg
758:
754:
749:
740:
738:
733:
728:
724:
720:
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563:
562:Nogi Maresuke
559:
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537:
535:
531:
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353:
351:
348:
347:
346:
345:
344:
343:Naval battles
336:
331:
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316:
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309:
307:
302:
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287:
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283:
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65:
62:
61:
57:
54:
53:
49:
45:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1046:
1027:
995:
976:
971:, pp. 49–52.
968:
948:
913:
904:
895:
886:
877:
786:
777:
774:
762:
729:
725:
721:
717:
701:
689:
677:
670:
658:Oku Yasukata
644:
641:
595:
592:Preparations
587:
574:IJA 4th Army
570:IJA 2nd Army
566:IJA 1st Army
558:IJA 3rd Army
543:
483:Ryōyō-kaisen
470:
468:
437:
396:Land battles
394:
393:
361:Hitachi Maru
360:
355:Chemulpo Bay
341:
340:
285:3,611 killed
280:
272:5,537 killed
267:
187:Oku Yasukata
119:Belligerents
43:
29:Part of the
18:
526:Port Arthur
524:connecting
498:land battle
423:Tashihchiao
418:Motien Pass
94: /
82:123°26′53″E
1068:Categories
998:. London.
988:References
554:Ōyama Iwao
540:Background
433:Hsimucheng
403:Yalu River
368:Yellow Sea
165:Ōyama Iwao
79:41°47′44″N
1014:cite book
753:Red Cross
743:Aftermath
544:When the
518:Manchuria
413:Te-li-Ssu
67:South of
1045:(2006).
947:Kowner,
608:and the
506:Liaoyang
458:Sakhalin
438:Liaoyang
388:Tsushima
378:Korsakov
249:Strength
69:Liaoyang
63:Location
967:Jukes,
783:Gallery
500:of the
490:Russian
448:Sandepu
408:Nanshan
281:19,112
268:22,922
71:, China
1053:
1034:
1002:
737:Mukden
686:Battle
530:Mukden
453:Mukden
363:convoy
143:
130:
107:Result
857:Notes
528:with
514:China
443:Shaho
373:Ulsan
1051:ISBN
1032:ISBN
1020:link
1000:ISBN
706:and
627:and
572:and
477:遼陽会戦
469:The
55:Date
1070::
1016:}}
1012:{{
956:^
922:^
865:^
759:).
623:,
568:,
512:,
492::
480:,
1059:.
1038:.
1022:)
1008:.
755:(
667:.
660:,
653:,
635:.
612:.
488:(
474:(
319:e
312:t
305:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
