222:
190:
146:
39:
925:
1038:
209:
165:
134:
1061:
on 18 October 1795. For the loss of 709 killed, wounded, and missing, the
Austrians inflicted 1,500 casualties on the French. In addition, Wurmser's army captured 500 soldiers, three guns, and one color. The Austrians overran the French camp outside Mannheim and placed the city under siege. On 29
1045:
Jourdan wished to concentrate the two French armies near
Mannheim, but Pichegru refused to cooperate. While the two French commanders waited on fresh instructions from Paris, Jourdan surrounded Mainz and Pichegru used Mannheim as a base. Soon, Wurmser became strong enough to pin down Pichegru,
1028:
then turned against the foot soldiers. Dufour's division was cut to pieces. Numbers of French soldiers found and crossed a ford to the south bank where they joined Ambert's men. Dufour was wounded and captured, du Sirat was wounded, and at least 1,000 Frenchmen became casualties. The
Austrians
812:. Lacking the numbers or the heavy guns to place the fortress under regular siege, the French general contented himself with blockading the city starting on 14 December 1794. Another deterrent to more aggressive French action was the presence of an Austrian army under
897:. Clerfayt's army was too far north to save the supply base, while Wurmser's army was still in the process of assembling. However, Pichegru fumbled by sending only two divisions to seize Heidelberg. Worse, the French forces were split by the
876:
handed the city and 471 artillery pieces over to the French and marched away. The
Austrians were furious, but powerless to intervene. The loss of Mannheim forced the Austrians to retreat to the north behind the
781:. The Directory struck back. On 22 May 1795, Pichegru led troops in putting down a revolt in the Faubourg Sainte-Antoine; nine of the arrested ringleaders killed themselves or were executed.
957:. On 23 September, the French were able to press back their adversaries, but Quosdanovich rapidly concentrated the bulk of his forces on the north bank against Dufour's isolated division.
885:
and 12,600 French soldiers. Count
Hompesch and his 2,000 soldiers were allowed to leave by promising not to fight the French for one year, but 168 fortress guns fell into French hands.
1097:
in 1797, Pichegru's treasonous correspondence was made public and he was exiled. However, he escaped and fled to Great
Britain. In 1803 he returned to France with royalist conspirator
816:
777:
continued the struggle. The
Directory relaxed price controls and soon the cost of food and clothing shot up. Bread riots broke out in Paris during April and May, and mobs invaded the
683:
1078:
on 10 November and other actions, the
Austrians relentlessly drove Pichegru's army south down the west bank of the Rhine until Mannheim was completely isolated. On 22 November the
1070:. The Austrians suffered 1,600 casualties while the French lost 4,800 killed, wounded, and missing, plus 138 guns and 494 wagons. Clerfayt then turned south to deal with the
872:
On 20 September 1795 Pichegru and 30,000 soldiers secured
Mannheim without a shot being fired. After negotiations, Baron von Belderbusch and his 9,200-man garrison from the
279:
1046:
allowing
Clerfayt to launch an offensive against Jourdan. Moving around Jourdan's left flank, the Austrians placed the French in a difficult spot. After a repulse at the
808:
and his soldiers were allowed to march away. French casualties in the siege numbered 300 while their enemies lost 500. Freed for more operations, Kléber moved against
921:
and Adjutant-General Bertrand headed brigades in Ambert's division. Other than the division and brigade commanders, the French order of battle is not known exactly.
914:
549:
678:. The French scored early successes, capturing two key cities and crossing the river in force. Pichegru sent two divisions to seize the Austrian supply base at
910:
367:
579:
1029:
rounded up 500 prisoners and captured eight guns and nine artillery caissons. Austrian losses were much lower, 35 killed, 150 wounded, and two missing.
1577:
584:
574:
1572:
383:
1587:
272:
1257:
1389:
1024:
As Dufour's troops moved through open country, they were charged by Klenau's horsemen. The Austrians first routed six squadrons of French
265:
647:. Thanks to a devastating cavalry charge, the Austrians routed the French with disproportionate losses. The fight occurred during the
1460:
1362:
360:
456:
559:
82:
792:
from its Austro-Dutch garrison of approximately 8,000 troops. The French forces included the divisions of Generals of Division
353:
526:
303:
1567:
742:
1562:
1543:
1449:
1208:
1180:
609:
1093:'s agents. The Directory doubted his loyalty but was unable to act because Pichegru was a national hero. After the
805:
1090:
869:. Instead of crossing the Rhine farther south, Pichegru moved north until he was opposite enemy-held Mannheim.
1075:
909:
advanced on the north bank. Dufour was in overall command of the 12,000 French soldiers. Generals of Brigade
691:
604:
589:
451:
441:
328:
401:
935:
823:
758:
636:
516:
194:
72:
1058:
853:
to mount two converging thrusts across the Rhine. The plan called for Pichegru to attack anywhere between
797:
446:
893:
With the capture of Mannheim, Pichegru had a golden opportunity to seize Clerfayt's main supply base at
882:
1582:
942:
648:
541:
416:
377:
30:
1126:
Rickard stated that the battle was fought on 25 November, while Smith and Boycott-Brown gave the 24th.
1047:
313:
652:
521:
318:
1067:
1079:
793:
695:
686:
turned on Jourdan's army, driving it back across the Rhine. The Austrians later won the battles of
536:
511:
471:
333:
849:
839:
501:
411:
213:
946:
785:
1172:
932:
820:
599:
594:
466:
289:
1481:
1317:
1089:
and hoped for a popular monarchy. Worse, since 1794 he had been in contact with Émigré leader
1515:
1234:
906:
873:
844:
762:
726:
710:
671:
667:
644:
640:
481:
431:
426:
396:
169:
138:
1498:
1287:
1025:
881:. The next day, a second Bavarian garrison at DĂĽsseldorf surrendered to General of Division
804:(8,769). In exchange for turning over the fortress with 344 artillery pieces and 31 colors,
682:, but his troops were bloodily repulsed at Handshuhsheim. Afterward, the Austrian commander
506:
1094:
918:
754:
38:
1464:
1366:
1050:
on 11 and 12 October 1795, Jourdan's army began retreating to the north. By the 20th, the
564:
8:
902:
778:
707:
569:
531:
491:
486:
1438:
1165:
938:
defended Heidelberg with approximately 8,000 Austrian troops. He posted the brigade of
865:. Jourdan struck across the Rhine in early September and advanced toward the County of
734:
476:
461:
436:
406:
1539:
1445:
1390:"Austrian Generals of 1792-1815: Klenau und Janowitz, Johann Joseph Cajetan Graf von"
1204:
1176:
1135:
Smith stated that the French lost 1,000 killed without giving the numbers of wounded.
1086:
1082:
ended when the 10,000-man French garrison surrendered to Wurmser's 25,000 Austrians.
988:
831:
774:
722:
632:
221:
189:
179:
150:
145:
345:
1098:
1062:
October, Clerfayt mounted a surprise attack on the French lines near Mainz. In the
950:
905:
moved on the south bank of the river while the 7th Division of General of Division
766:
750:
496:
1085:
Pichegru's fidelity by this time was highly dubious. He was disenchanted with the
749:. Not wishing to be swamped by thousands of unemployed soldiers at the peace, the
1063:
813:
746:
687:
421:
323:
173:
976:
866:
770:
738:
718:
1556:
939:
827:
663:
97:
84:
862:
662:
In early 1795 many of France's enemies made peace, leaving only Austria and
1433:
1160:
898:
878:
801:
1531:
1429:
1196:
1156:
1105:'s secret police, and died in suspicious circumstances in a prison cell.
1014:
987:
Grenz Infantry Regiment. The Austrian cavalry was placed in the hands of
675:
666:
in opposition. In September, the French government ordered the armies of
554:
257:
960:
Quosdanovich's foot soldiers were made up of two battalions each of the
999:
995:
on 8 September. The mounted arm consisted of six squadrons each of the
894:
858:
789:
679:
656:
68:
924:
714:
1066:, 27,000 Austrians defeated 33,000 French under General of Division
1102:
954:
854:
44:
945:
at Handschuhsheim on the north bank, the brigade of General-major
698:, forcing the French armies back onto the west bank of the Rhine.
949:
on the south bank at Kirchheim, and the brigade of General-major
76:
1057:
Wurmser with 17,000 troops defeated Pichegru with 12,000 in the
1006:
992:
917:
led the brigades in Dufour's division while General of Brigade
208:
164:
133:
817:
François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt
809:
730:
684:
François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt
1037:
826:
on the east bank of the Rhine. Clerfayt was soon promoted
1428:
1155:
753:
drove a very hard bargain. Nevertheless, Prussia, the
375:
1258:"Austrian Generals of 1792-1815: Clerfayt de Croix"
1516:"Siege of Mainz, 14 December 1794-29 October 1795"
1437:
1235:"Siege of Mainz, 14 December 1794-29 October 1795"
1164:
659:, but it was a village north of the city in 1795.
1554:
1387:
1255:
861:while Jourdan crossed farther to the north near
834:on the west bank dragged on through the summer.
631:(24 September 1795) saw an 8,000-man force from
1054:had recrossed to the west bank of the Rhine.
830:on 22 April 1795. The futile blockade of the
361:
273:
1530:
1482:"Combat of Heidelberg, 23-25 September 1795"
1318:"Combat of Heidelberg, 23-25 September 1795"
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1195:
1411:
1409:
1407:
837:The Directory instructed Pichegru with the
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
901:. The 6th Division of General of Division
788:with a corps of 35,605 Frenchmen captured
769:chose to make peace with France. Only the
368:
354:
287:
280:
266:
1578:Battles of the War of the First Coalition
1458:
1360:
1302:
796:(9,215), Joseph LĂ©onard Richard (9,961),
729:stood victorious on the west bank of the
180:
1573:Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars
1404:
1036:
923:
784:On 4 November 1794, General of Division
16:Battle of the War of the First Coalition
1332:
1272:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1149:
1009:Regiment Nr. 44, four squadrons of the
979:Regiment and one battalion each of the
706:On 19 January 1795, the French army of
174:
1555:
1171:. New York, N.Y.: MJF Books. pp.
655:. Handschuhsheim is now a district of
1588:Military history of Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1203:. London: Greenhill. pp. 94–95.
674:to attack the Austrian armies on the
349:
261:
1217:
1513:
1496:
1479:
1315:
1285:
1232:
13:
1499:"Jean-Charles Pichegru, 1761-1804"
1288:"Jean-Charles Pichegru, 1761-1804"
14:
1599:
1463:. historydata.com. Archived from
1365:. historydata.com. Archived from
1017:unit, and three squadrons of the
806:Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel
220:
207:
188:
163:
144:
132:
37:
1461:"Quosdanovich, Peter Vitus von"
1388:Smith, Digby; Kudrna, Leopold.
1381:
1363:"Quosdanovich, Peter Vitus von"
1256:Smith, Digby; Kudrna, Leopold.
1129:
1354:
1249:
1189:
1120:
972:Infantry Regiment Nr. 28, and
743:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
1536:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1444:. New York, N.Y.: MJF Books.
1422:
1201:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1091:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
983:Infantry Regiment Nr. 45 and
701:
605:Italian campaign of 1796-1797
1032:
936:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
824:Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser
759:Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
637:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
73:Electorate of the Palatinate
7:
798:Guillaume Philibert Duhesme
745:, desired to exit from the
721:, and set up the satellite
47:by Friedrich Rottman (1795)
10:
1604:
968:Infantry Regiment Nr. 20,
943:Adam Bajalics von Bajahaza
649:War of the First Coalition
379:War of the First Coalition
43:Battle of Handschuhsheim,
31:War of the First Coalition
1568:Battles involving Austria
1351:Smith (1998), pp. 104-105
964:Infantry Regiment Nr. 3,
888:
653:French Revolutionary Wars
639:face 12,000 men from the
585:Rhine campaign of 1793–94
392:
299:
243:
230:
216:, 6th & 7th Divisions
200:
156:
125:
51:
36:
28:
23:
1563:Battles involving France
1415:Smith (1998), p. 107-108
1108:
1021:Dragoon Regiment Nr. 3.
883:François Joseph Lefebvre
843:and General of Division
794:Jean Baptiste Bernadotte
737:, intent on joining the
625:Battle of Handschuhsheim
24:Battle of Handschuhsheim
1459:Boycott-Brown, Martin.
1361:Boycott-Brown, Martin.
1072:Army of Rhin-et-Moselle
1052:Army of Sambre-et-Meuse
915:Pierre Vidalot du Sirat
850:Army of Sambre-et-Meuse
840:Army of Rhin-et-Moselle
214:Army of Rhin-et-Moselle
1076:Battle of Pfeddersheim
1068:François Ignace Schaal
1042:
933:Feldmarschall-Leutnant
929:
821:General der Kavallerie
600:Rhine campaign of 1796
595:Rhine campaign of 1795
560:Mediterranean campaign
291:Rhine campaign of 1795
157:Commanders and leaders
1538:. London: Greenhill.
1392:. napoleon-series.org
1260:. napoleon-series.org
1041:Jean-Charles Pichegru
1040:
1013:Dragoon Regiment, an
927:
907:Georges Joseph Dufour
874:Electorate of Bavaria
845:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
763:Electorate of Hanover
727:First French Republic
711:Jean-Charles Pichegru
672:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
668:Jean-Charles Pichegru
645:Georges Joseph Dufour
244:Casualties and losses
1095:Coup of 18 Fructidor
947:Michael von Fröhlich
919:Louis-Nicolas Davout
911:Louis Joseph Cavrois
786:Jean Baptiste Kléber
755:Electorate of Saxony
725:. The armies of the
629:Battle of Heidelberg
98:49.42889°N 8.68694°E
1440:The Age of Napoleon
1167:The Age of Napoleon
1002:Regiment Nr. 4 and
903:Jean-Jacques Ambert
779:National Convention
717:, extinguished the
708:General of Division
580:East Indies Theatre
570:War of the Pyrenees
226:Army of Lower Rhine
94: /
1518:. historyofwar.org
1501:. historyofwar.org
1484:. historyofwar.org
1320:. historyofwar.org
1290:. historyofwar.org
1237:. historyofwar.org
1059:Battle of Mannheim
1043:
1026:chasseurs Ă cheval
991:recently promoted
930:
928:Peter Quosdanovich
741:in carving up the
735:Kingdom of Prussia
195:Peter Quosdanovich
1583:Conflicts in 1795
1087:French Revolution
1080:Siege of Mannheim
989:Johann von Klenau
953:farther south at
832:fortress of Mainz
723:Batavian Republic
641:Republican French
618:
617:
610:Anglo-Spanish War
590:Atlantic campaign
575:Italian campaigns
565:War in the Vendée
550:Flanders campaign
342:
341:
256:
255:
121:
120:
103:49.42889; 8.68694
59:24 September 1795
1595:
1549:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1467:on 24 March 2012
1455:
1443:
1416:
1413:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1369:on 24 March 2012
1358:
1352:
1349:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1313:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1283:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1230:
1215:
1214:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1170:
1153:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1101:, was caught by
1099:Georges Cadoudal
1048:Battle of Höchst
993:Oberst (colonel)
962:Archduke Charles
951:Andreas Karaczay
775:Habsburg Austria
767:Kingdom of Spain
751:French Directory
633:Habsburg Austria
387:
380:
370:
363:
356:
347:
346:
294:
292:
282:
275:
268:
259:
258:
225:
224:
212:
211:
193:
192:
182:
176:
168:
167:
151:Habsburg Austria
149:
148:
137:
136:
117:Austrian victory
109:
108:
106:
105:
104:
99:
95:
92:
91:
90:
87:
53:
52:
41:
21:
20:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1521:
1519:
1504:
1502:
1487:
1485:
1470:
1468:
1452:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1314:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1284:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1231:
1218:
1211:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1064:Battle of Mainz
1035:
891:
814:Feldzeugmeister
747:First Coalition
704:
621:
620:
619:
614:
546:
388:
378:
376:
374:
344:
343:
338:
295:
290:
288:
286:
219:
206:
187:
162:
143:
139:French Republic
131:
102:
100:
96:
93:
88:
85:
83:
81:
80:
79:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1601:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1528:
1511:
1494:
1477:
1456:
1450:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1403:
1380:
1353:
1331:
1301:
1271:
1248:
1216:
1209:
1188:
1181:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1074:. Winning the
1034:
1031:
977:Grenz Infantry
890:
887:
867:Nassau-Usingen
771:United Kingdom
739:Russian Empire
719:Dutch Republic
703:
700:
651:, part of the
616:
615:
613:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
393:
390:
389:
373:
372:
365:
358:
350:
340:
339:
337:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
309:Handschuhsheim
306:
300:
297:
296:
285:
284:
277:
270:
262:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
241:
240:
237:
233:
232:
228:
227:
217:
203:
202:
201:Units involved
198:
197:
185:
170:Georges Dufour
159:
158:
154:
153:
141:
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
67:
65:
61:
60:
57:
49:
48:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1600:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1547:
1545:1-85367-276-9
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1517:
1512:
1500:
1495:
1483:
1478:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1451:1-56731-022-2
1447:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1434:Durant, Ariel
1431:
1427:
1426:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1391:
1384:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1259:
1252:
1236:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1210:1-85367-276-9
1206:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1184:
1182:1-56731-022-2
1178:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1161:Durant, Ariel
1158:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
941:
940:General-major
937:
934:
926:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
886:
884:
880:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:
846:
842:
841:
835:
833:
829:
828:Feldmarschall
825:
822:
818:
815:
811:
807:
803:
800:(7,663), and
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
709:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
664:Great Britain
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
391:
385:
381:
371:
366:
364:
359:
357:
352:
351:
348:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
298:
293:
283:
278:
276:
271:
269:
264:
263:
260:
251:
249:1,500, 8 guns
248:
247:
242:
238:
235:
234:
229:
223:
218:
215:
210:
205:
204:
199:
196:
191:
186:
183:
177:
171:
166:
161:
160:
155:
152:
147:
142:
140:
135:
130:
129:
124:
116:
113:
112:
107:
78:
75:, modern-day
74:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
55:
54:
50:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
1535:
1532:Smith, Digby
1520:. Retrieved
1514:Rickard, J.
1503:. Retrieved
1497:Rickard, J.
1486:. Retrieved
1480:Rickard, J.
1469:. Retrieved
1465:the original
1439:
1430:Durant, Will
1394:. Retrieved
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1367:the original
1356:
1322:. Retrieved
1316:Rickard, J.
1292:. Retrieved
1286:Rickard, J.
1262:. Retrieved
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1233:Rickard, J.
1200:
1197:Smith, Digby
1191:
1166:
1157:Durant, Will
1151:
1131:
1122:
1084:
1071:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1023:
1018:
1010:
1003:
997:Hohenzollern
996:
984:
980:
973:
970:Wartensleben
969:
965:
961:
959:
931:
899:Neckar River
892:
871:
848:
838:
836:
802:Louis Friant
783:
705:
692:Pfeddersheim
661:
643:army led by
628:
624:
622:
502:Newfoundland
467:Altenkirchen
334:2nd Mannheim
329:Pfeddersheim
319:1st Mannheim
308:
126:Belligerents
29:Part of the
676:Rhine River
555:Chouannerie
101: /
1557:Categories
1522:21 January
1505:22 January
1488:22 January
1471:22 January
1423:References
1396:22 January
1373:22 January
1324:22 January
1294:22 January
1264:21 January
1241:21 January
1000:Cuirassier
985:Warasdiner
981:Lattermann
895:Heidelberg
879:Main River
863:DĂĽsseldorf
859:Strasbourg
790:Maastricht
702:Background
680:Heidelberg
657:Heidelberg
457:Den Helder
452:Guadeloupe
447:Martinique
417:Thionville
397:Porrentruy
304:Luxembourg
86:49°25′44″N
69:Heidelberg
1143:Citations
1114:Footnotes
1033:Aftermath
974:Slavonier
847:with the
715:Amsterdam
542:Diersheim
532:Fishguard
492:Neresheim
402:Quiévrain
178:) (
89:8°41′13″E
1534:(1998).
1436:(1975).
1199:(1998).
1163:(1975).
1103:Napoleon
1011:Allemand
955:Wiesloch
855:Mannheim
696:Mannheim
522:Biberach
517:2nd Kehl
507:WĂĽrzburg
482:1st Kehl
477:Kircheib
462:Siegburg
442:Sardinia
437:Jemappes
407:Marquain
231:Strength
64:Location
45:aquatint
1004:Szekler
966:Kaunitz
713:seized
537:Neuwied
527:Ireland
512:Limburg
472:Wetzlar
172: (
77:Germany
1542:
1448:
1207:
1179:
1019:Kaiser
1015:Émigré
1007:Hussar
889:Battle
765:, and
733:. The
635:under
497:Amberg
487:Malsch
412:Verdun
314:Höchst
236:12,000
114:Result
1175:–85.
1109:Notes
810:Mainz
731:Rhine
688:Mainz
432:Mainz
427:Lille
422:Valmy
324:Mainz
239:8,000
1540:ISBN
1524:2014
1507:2014
1490:2014
1473:2014
1446:ISBN
1398:2014
1375:2014
1326:2014
1296:2014
1266:2014
1243:2014
1205:ISBN
1177:ISBN
913:and
857:and
819:and
773:and
694:and
670:and
623:The
384:List
56:Date
627:or
252:187
181:WIA
175:POW
1559::
1432:;
1406:^
1334:^
1304:^
1274:^
1219:^
1173:84
1159:;
761:,
757:,
690:,
71:,
1548:.
1526:.
1509:.
1492:.
1475:.
1454:.
1400:.
1377:.
1328:.
1298:.
1268:.
1245:.
1213:.
1185:.
386:)
382:(
369:e
362:t
355:v
281:e
274:t
267:v
184:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
