775:
787:
440:
123:
561:
the two armies. However, the Sikhs were unable to find sufficient food in the area and Sher Singh, who commanded the combined Sikh armies, also withdrew to the north. Since the Sikhs disengaged first, the
British claimed the victory, although they admitted that the Sikhs missed an opportunity to gain a victory. However, the repulse of the British, together with the loss of several guns and the colours of the 24th and two other regiments, and the rout of the 14th Light Dragoons, dealt a blow to British morale and is testament to the tenacity and martial skill of the Sikh army. A testimony left by a British observer says:
424:
475:, the Khalsa was reduced to 12,000 infantry and 60 guns in total, so some historians have stated the Sikh army could not have been more than 10,000 on the day. The Sikh army consisted of three main bodies of troops. On the left under Sher Singh himself were one cavalry regiment, nine infantry battalions, some irregulars and 20 guns, occupying some low hills and ridges. In the centre under Lal Singh were two cavalry regiments, ten infantry battalions and 17 guns, mostly concealed in or behind belts of scrub and jungle. On the right was a brigade which formerly had garrisoned
544:
535:
Sikhs had been driven from many of their positions with heavy casualties, but were still fighting strongly. With some of his formations rendered ineffective, or having to fight their way out of encirclement, Gough ordered a withdrawal to the start line. Although his units brought back as many wounded as they could, many of them could not be found in the scrub. Many of the abandoned wounded were killed during the night by roving Sikh irregulars. Gough's retreat also allowed the Sikhs to recapture all but twelve of the guns the
British had taken earlier in the day.
464:. At this point, Gough intended to march round to the north of the Sikh position and attack its left flank on the following day, but from the vantage point of a mound near Chillianwala, it was apparent that the Sikhs had advanced from their original positions along ridges close to the Jhelum. Sher Singh's army had originally occupied a position six miles long, too extended for their numbers and vulnerable to a flank attack such as Gough proposed. By advancing, Sher Singh made a British flank march too risky and forced the British to make a frontal attack.
41:
432:
109:
416:
1181:
136:
527:
with disaster. While
Gilbert's two brigades had at first successfully driven the Sikhs before them, capturing or spiking several guns, on their right flank, Brigadier Pope (who was almost an invalid) first ordered an ineffective cavalry charge through thorn scrub which threw his brigade into confusion, and then panicked and ordered a retreat. One of his British cavalry regiments, the
526:
captured several guns and even an elephant, and
Brigadier White's cavalry followed up with an effective charge. Hoggan's troops eventually met the left-hand brigade of Gilbert's division, commanded by Brigadier Mountain, behind the Sikhs' centre positions. On Gough's right however, his troops had met
502:
was deployed on the right with a field artillery battery and three horse artillery troops. Gough also had a cavalry division under Major
General Joseph Thackwell, but this was split, with one brigade on each flank; Brigadier White's on the left, Brigadier Pope's on the right. Gough deployed two heavy
406:
of
Afghanistan, who was half-heartedly supporting Chattar Singh. The fall of Attock nevertheless allowed Chattar Singh's army to leave Hazara and move south. Dalhousie ordered Gough to seek out and destroy Sher Singh's main army before the Sikh armies could combine, without waiting for reinforcements
551:
The final losses to Gough's army were 757 killed, 1,651 wounded and 104 missing for a total of 2,512. A comparatively high proportion of the casualties (almost 1,000) were
British rather than Indian. This was mainly a result of the disaster which befell the 24th Foot, which suffered 590 casualties,
534:
The Sikhs followed up the fleeing cavalry and captured four guns. They then attacked
Gilbert's right-hand infantry brigade, commanded by Brigadier Godby, from the rear, forcing him to withdraw under heavy pressure until Penney's reserve brigade came to his aid. By now, darkness was approaching. The
573:
At
Chillianwala a British Army which had a high European troop component, a large number of Sepoy (regiments), sufficient artillery, two heavy cavalry brigades to ensure that no one could surprise the British army, excellent logistics, little campaign exhaustion having fought no major battle since
560:
Since it had been the
British aim to prevent these two Sikh armies from joining, this was a distinct British setback. The British withdrew three days after the battle ended. The Sikhs claimed that they forced the British to retreat, but Gough had actually withdrawn due to the rains which separated
482:
Gough intended to delay the attack until the following day, but as his army prepared to pitch camp, hitherto concealed Sikh artillery opened fire from positions much closer than had been anticipated. Gough later wrote that he feared the Sikhs might bombard his encampments overnight, though some of
556:
later erected at Chillianwalla by the British government preserves the names of the European and native officers who fell in the battle. Both armies held their positions at the end of the battle, and claimed a victory. Heavy rain set in, discouraging both armies from renewing the battle. Some at
401:
crossed the Chenab upstream from Ramnagar. Sher Singh advanced against him, resulting in a day-long artillery duel at Sadullapur. Gough meanwhile bombarded the empty Sikh positions at Ramnagar, and postponed a general attack until the next day. During the night, Sher Singh withdrew to the north.
349:
On 14 September, Sher Singh's army also rebelled. Other than opposition to the British, Mulraj and Sher Singh had no aims in common. Sher Singh decided to move his army north, to join that of Chattar Singh, who had also rebelled. However, some British officers had taken steps to secure vital
510:, was in difficulties. Because the jungle made it difficult for Campbell to coordinate his two brigades, he assumed personal command of the left hand brigade under Brigadier Hoggan, while ordering Pennycuick to attack with the bayonet. The British regiment of Pennycuick's brigade was the
518:. When they reached the main Sikh positions, Sikh resistance was desperate and the 24th were driven back. The Queen's colours were lost, although the Sikhs never claimed to have captured them and they were either destroyed or conceivably buried with the officer who had carried them.
574:
assumption of hostilities... failed to defeat the Sikhs... The Battle of Chillianwala fought on 13 January 1849 is, however, one odd exception and stands out as a battle in which the British failed to defeat their opponents despite having the advantages of weight of numbers (
439:
402:
Gough then halted, awaiting further instructions from Dalhousie. Early in January 1849, news came that the British had recaptured the city of Multan (although Mulraj still defended the citadel), but also that the Muslim garrison of Attock had defected to Amir
521:
Pennycuick's brigade eventually became completely disorganised and had to make its way back to the start line in small parties. Pennycuick himself was killed. Campbell's left hand brigade (under Brigadier Hoggan and Campbell himself) had greater success. The
786:
774:
483:
his officers believed he had merely been stung into hasty action. Gough's army was composed of two infantry divisions, each of two brigades, each in turn of one British and two Bengal Native infantry battalions, with a total of 66 guns from the
616:
This even influenced the Namdhari Revolt of 1871 and Ram Kuka many times talked about the Battle of Chillianwala. Within the British Army, such was the consternation over the events at Chillianwala that, after the disastrous
443:
Picture of the plaque erected in St James Church Sialkot Cantonment by Sarah Pennycuick, widow of Brigadier John Pennycuick and mother of Alexander of 24th Regiment, both of whom died in Battle of Chillianwala on 13 January
514:, which had only recently arrived in India. They advanced very rapidly, but lost cohesion and also lost touch with the rest of the brigade in the thick scrub. Trying to attack Sikh guns head-on, they suffered heavily from
471:, Gough's attached political officer, that Sher Singh's army numbered 23,000 (although most later British historians put it at 30,000 or more), including 5,000 irregular cavalry, with some 60 guns. However after the
389:
season, allowing Sher Singh to gather reinforcements and establish strong positions. Gough took charge of the Army on 21 November. The next day, he attacked Sher Singh's bridgehead on the left bank of the Chenab at
612:
Recently I saw a thousands of troops clothed in colorful cloth, with swords unsheathed charging into the horizon. A red banner of Hanuman rose and the army of Jhansi cried and screamed "Remember Chillanwala."
298:. Both armies held their positions at the end of the battle and both sides claimed victory. The battle was a strategic check to immediate British ambitions in India and a shock to British military prestige.
594:
some nine years later. However, the Sikh soldiers recruited into the East India Company's Bengal Army and Punjab Irregular Force remained loyal to Britain and helped crush the rebellion. Later in the
565:
The Sikhs fought like devils, fierce and untamed... Such a mass of men I never set eyes on and as plucky as lions: they ran right on the bayonets and struck their assailants when they were transfixed.
603:"हाल ही में मैंने रंग-बिरंगे कपड़े पहने हजारों सैनिकों को क्षितिज में बिना म्यान के तलवारें लहराते हुए देखा। हनुमान का एक लाल झंडा उठा और झाँसी की सेना रो पड़ी और चिल्लाई "चिल्लनवाला याद करो।"
740:
735:
705:
217:
695:
2203:
1700:
503:
artillery batteries with eight 18-pounder guns and four 8-inch howitzers in the centre. A brigade of Bengal Native troops under Brigadier Penney was in reserve.
479:, consisting of one cavalry regiment, four infantry battalions and eleven guns, anchored on two villages. Other irregulars extended Sher Singh's left flank.
506:
Gough ordered the advance to commence at about 3:00 pm. From the outset, the right-hand brigade of Campbell's division, commanded by Brigadier
498:, with two field artillery batteries and three horse artillery troops, was deployed on the left, while the 2nd Division commanded by Major General
1196:
210:
931:
1368:
523:
382:
373:, annexe the Punjab and confiscate the lands of any landholders who joined the revolt. While an army under Major General Whish resumed the
330:, sent several forces of locally raised troops to help quell the revolt. One of these forces consisted largely of Sikhs, formerly from the
1254:
114:
1201:
898:
1330:
203:
965:
1704:
2208:
1395:
1340:
1319:
861:
831:
2109:
1285:
1297:
1275:
1244:
1222:
622:
327:
362:
separating Hazara from the Punjab. Instead, Sher Singh moved a few miles north and fortified the crossings over the
590:(or Gujrat, Gujerat). The loss of British prestige at Chillianwala was one of the factors which contributed to the
1669:
495:
626:
378:
151:
1918:
643:
2218:
1066:
648:
2089:
760:
755:
750:
745:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
618:
507:
374:
251:
2198:
1883:
1550:
582:
Gough was criticised for his handling of the battle, was relieved of command and superseded by General
377:, the company ordered the formation of an Army of the Punjab under the veteran Commander in Chief, Sir
311:
295:
2175:
2155:
2104:
1963:
1788:
1696:
1603:
1500:
1495:
1388:
511:
423:
339:
928:
338:. Some junior British Political Officers viewed this development with alarm as Sher Singh's father,
2160:
2139:
1490:
690:
685:
680:
595:
591:
2084:
2048:
1560:
1535:
2069:
780:
Battle of Chillianwallah. Charge of H M 24th Regiment through jungle and water, 13 January 1849.
2003:
1988:
1978:
1958:
1953:
1758:
1565:
1540:
1210:
653:
528:
488:
335:
156:
1092:
586:. Before Napier could arrive from England to take over command, Gough had fought the decisive
350:
fortresses. For the time being, Chattar Singh was unable to leave Hazara, as the British held
2213:
2074:
1943:
1913:
1692:
1651:
892:
792:
Charge of the 3rd King's Own Light Dragoons at the Battle of Chillienwallah, 13 January 1849.
369:
The East India Company responded by announcing their intention to depose the young Maharaja,
307:
275:
227:
32:
2079:
1973:
1778:
1631:
1618:
1575:
1381:
962:
700:
583:
543:
472:
315:
1051:
Chillianwala was the worst defeat suffered by the British since their occupation of India.
1026:
Sandys, Lt. Col. W.B.R. (1915). "A Visit to the Battlefields of Chillianwala and Gujrat".
8:
1968:
1903:
1893:
1350:
1117:
When fate & destiny conspired against Sikhs’ victory – The Tribune, Chandigarh, India
2043:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
1908:
1783:
1763:
1688:
1659:
1598:
1530:
1475:
552:
over 50 per cent of its strength. Sikh casualties were estimated at 4,000 in total. An
499:
468:
403:
391:
241:
128:
40:
2165:
2008:
1993:
1873:
1641:
1593:
1545:
1515:
1510:
1336:
1315:
1293:
1271:
1240:
1218:
1116:
857:
827:
2170:
1938:
1898:
1888:
1878:
1793:
1768:
1722:
1674:
1636:
1608:
1588:
1583:
1525:
1520:
1485:
1480:
1467:
629:
replied, "These sort of things will happen in war. It is nothing to Chillianwala."
587:
484:
431:
398:
331:
256:
427:
Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough (1779–1869), Oriental Club, Hanover Square, London.
2134:
2094:
2038:
1948:
1868:
1626:
1555:
1505:
1428:
969:
935:
851:
821:
310:
broke out in the Punjab, which had recently lost much of its independence to the
283:
1129:
2053:
1804:
1753:
448:
On 13 January, Gough's army was marching towards the reported Sikh position at
359:
2192:
2099:
1830:
1748:
1232:
1192:
1187:
449:
343:
287:
1205:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 161–162.
2033:
1840:
1773:
1448:
1423:
1418:
461:
453:
370:
363:
323:
279:
73:
415:
2129:
1983:
1933:
1863:
1835:
1825:
1820:
1727:
1404:
355:
139:
195:
1998:
1732:
1438:
1433:
569:
Two later editorials by the military historian Major A.H. Amin stated:
557:
least of Chattar Singh's army from Attock joined Sher Singh at Rasul.
547:
A monument was erected in memory of the losses sustained by both armies
1928:
1923:
1443:
1307:
668:
663:
658:
515:
891:
274:(also spelled Chillianwallah) was fought in January 1849 during the
291:
135:
1186:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
553:
386:
823:
Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
381:. However, both Gough and the Governor General, the 37-year-old
1798:
853:
War, Culture, and Society in Early Modern South Asia, 1740–1849
457:
351:
319:
77:
1373:
886:
884:
882:
476:
1290:
Redcoat: The British soldier in the Age of Horse and Musket
879:
460:. At noon, they drove a Sikh outpost out of the village of
575:
326:. The East India Company's Commissioner for the Punjab,
1332:
Ground warfare: an international encyclopedia, Volume 1
598:
Hindu poet Prakashanth Das wrote a short poem in Hindi-
902:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 161–162.
397:
On 1 December, a cavalry division under Major-General
1061:
1059:
578:), ideal weather and terrain, superior logistics etc.
294:. The battle was one of the bloodiest fought by the
119:
1056:
625:remarked "This is a most serious matter", General
2204:Battles involving the British East India Company
2190:
958:
956:
954:
952:
385:, delayed operations until after the end of the
105:
52:painting of the battle by Charles Becher Young
1389:
1349:
949:
456:, about 85 miles (137 km) north-west of
211:
16:1849 engagement of the Second Anglo-Sikh war
1396:
1382:
1093:"The battle that shook the British empire"
1049:. Princeton University Press. p. 79.
649:9th Queen's Royal Light Dragoons (Lancers)
218:
204:
1705:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
1047:A History Of The Sikhs, Vol. 2: 1839–1964
1001:
225:
1191:
1127:
924:
922:
920:
918:
819:
542:
438:
430:
422:
414:
394:but was repulsed, raising Sikh morale.
1231:
804:
342:, was known to be plotting sedition in
2191:
1328:
1284:
1265:
1025:
906:
820:Singh, Patwant; Rai, Jyoti M. (2008).
1377:
1253:
1209:
1090:
1044:
915:
845:
843:
199:
185:2,512 (~1,512 Indian, ~1,000 British)
1306:
701:2nd Bengal (European) Light Infantry
849:
13:
1357:. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
1335:(illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO.
929:Major A. H. Amin (retd.) Orbat.com
840:
632:
318:, in April 1848, when the city of
14:
2230:
1362:
1091:Singh, Satyindra (6 March 1999).
1179:
785:
773:
134:
121:
107:
39:
1403:
1239:. Wordsworth Military Library.
1172:
1159:
1147:
1121:
1110:
1084:
1038:
1019:
1010:
992:
983:
974:
856:. Routledge. pp. 161–162.
637:
2209:Battles of the Anglo-Sikh wars
1028:Journal of the Royal Artillery
963:A. H. Amin, defencejournal.com
940:
870:
813:
674:
654:14th the King's Light Dragoons
608:Roughly translated it states:
89:
1:
797:
644:3rd King's Own Light Dragoons
301:
46:
1261:. London: Osprey Publishing.
1237:Queen Victoria's Little Wars
1153:The Sikhs and the Sikh Wars
538:
7:
1314:. New York: HarperCollins.
826:. Peter Owen. p. 257.
761:70th Bengal Native Infantry
756:69th Bengal Native Infantry
751:56th Bengal Native Infantry
746:46th Bengal Native Infantry
741:45th Bengal Native Infantry
736:36th Bengal Native Infantry
731:31st Bengal Native Infantry
726:30th Bengal Native Infantry
721:25th Bengal Native Infantry
716:20th Bengal Native Infantry
711:15th Bengal Native Infantry
619:Charge of the Light Brigade
494:The 3rd Division under Sir
10:
2235:
1764:British East India Company
1067:"Battle of Chillianwallah"
766:
706:6th Bengal Native Infantry
452:, on the left bank of the
358:, and the passes over the
312:British East India Company
296:British East India Company
2176:Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
2156:Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
2148:
2122:
2105:Johann Martin Honigberger
2062:
1964:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
1856:
1849:
1813:
1741:
1715:
1683:
1650:
1617:
1574:
1466:
1457:
1411:
1292:. London: HarperCollins.
1155:General Sir Charles Gough
1045:Singh, Khushwant (1966).
410:
407:from the army at Multan.
366:, while awaiting events.
340:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
237:
179:
162:
145:
99:
56:
38:
30:
25:
2166:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
2161:Tripartite Treaty (1838)
1329:Sadler, Stanley (2002).
1268:Britain's Forgotten Wars
1259:The Sikh Army, 1799–1849
1134:www.educationforum.co.uk
968:16 February 2008 at the
696:9th Bengal Light Cavalry
691:6th Bengal Light Cavalry
686:5th Bengal Light Cavalry
681:1st Bengal Light Cavalry
592:Indian Rebellion of 1857
346:, north of the Punjab.
2171:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
2049:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
1202:Encyclopædia Britannica
899:Encyclopædia Britannica
2004:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
1989:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
1979:Ranjodh Singh Majithia
1959:Sher Singh Attariwalla
1954:Sham Singh Attariwalla
1850:Officials and warriors
1759:Emirate of Afghanistan
1665:Battle of Chillianwala
934:7 October 2007 at the
614:
606:
580:
567:
548:
489:Bengal Horse Artillery
445:
436:
435:Sher Singh Attariwalla
428:
420:
336:Sher Singh Attariwalla
272:Battle of Chillianwala
157:Sher Singh Attariwalla
146:Commanders and leaders
26:Battle of Chillianwala
2085:François Henri Mouton
2075:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
1914:Khushal Singh Jamadar
1701:Panchayati Revolution
1697:Hill States–Sikh Wars
1652:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1270:. Sutton Publishing.
1165:Woodham-Smith, p. 257
893:"Chillianwalla"
850:Roy, Kaushik (2011).
610:
600:
571:
563:
546:
442:
434:
426:
418:
308:Second Anglo-Sikh war
276:Second Anglo-Sikh war
229:Second Anglo-Sikh War
180:Casualties and losses
33:Second Anglo-Sikh war
2123:Influential families
2080:Claude Auguste Court
2070:Jean-François Allard
1984:Surat Singh Majithia
1974:Lehna Singh Majithia
1779:Hill States Alliance
1632:Battle of Ferozeshah
1619:First Anglo-Sikh War
1351:Woodham-Smith, Cecil
1266:Hernon, Ian (2002).
1097:www.tribuneindia.com
584:Charles James Napier
473:First Anglo-Sikh War
467:It was estimated by
316:First Anglo-Sikh War
2219:January 1849 events
1969:Amar Singh Majithia
1904:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
1695:, Katoch–Sikh War,
1130:"The Indian Mutiny"
529:14th Light Dragoons
2130:Sandhawalia family
2044:Sultan Mahmud Khan
2029:Jarnail Ghaus Khan
2014:Sangat Singh Saini
1909:Dewan Mokham Chand
1784:Kingdom of Mankera
1660:Battle of Ramnagar
1604:Battle of Peshawar
1599:Battle of Nowshera
1476:Battle of Bhangani
1369:BritishBattles.com
1071:BritishBattles.com
588:Battle of Goojerat
549:
500:Sir Walter Gilbert
469:Frederick Mackeson
446:
437:
429:
421:
404:Dost Mohammad Khan
129:East India Company
2199:Conflicts in 1849
2184:
2183:
2118:
2117:
2090:Alexander Gardner
2009:Kahan Singh Nakai
1994:Akali Phula Singh
1874:Diwan Bhawani Das
1711:
1710:
1642:Battle of Sobraon
1594:Battle of Shopian
1342:978-1-57607-344-5
1321:978-0-00-638784-8
980:Farwell, pp.53–54
863:978-0-415-58767-9
833:978-0-7206-1323-0
419:Map of the battle
265:
264:
194:
193:
95:
94:
2226:
1939:Balbhadra Kunwar
1899:Hari Singh Nalwa
1889:Misr Diwan Chand
1879:Diwan Buta Singh
1854:
1853:
1794:Barakzai dynasty
1769:Kingdom of Nepal
1723:Sikh Khalsa Army
1675:Battle of Gujrat
1637:Battle of Aliwal
1609:Battle of Jamrud
1589:Battle of Multan
1584:Battle of Attock
1576:Afghan–Sikh wars
1468:Mughal-Sikh Wars
1464:
1463:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1358:
1346:
1325:
1312:India: A History
1303:
1281:
1262:
1250:
1228:
1206:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1125:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1005:
999:
996:
990:
987:
981:
978:
972:
960:
947:
944:
938:
926:
913:
910:
904:
903:
895:
888:
877:
874:
868:
867:
847:
838:
837:
817:
811:
808:
789:
777:
485:Bengal Artillery
399:Joseph Thackwell
332:Sikh Khalsa Army
328:Frederick Currie
232:
230:
220:
213:
206:
197:
196:
138:
131:
127:
125:
124:
117:
113:
111:
110:
58:
57:
51:
48:
43:
23:
22:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2144:
2135:Majithia family
2114:
2095:Paolo Avitabile
2058:
2039:Fakir Azizuddin
1949:Mehta Basti Ram
1869:Diwan Dina Nath
1845:
1809:
1789:Namgyal dynasty
1737:
1716:Military forces
1707:
1679:
1670:Siege of Multan
1646:
1627:Battle of Mudki
1613:
1570:
1459:
1453:
1429:Nau Nihal Singh
1407:
1402:
1365:
1343:
1322:
1300:
1286:Holmes, Richard
1278:
1247:
1225:
1195:, ed. (1911). "
1180:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1043:
1039:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
988:
984:
979:
975:
970:Wayback Machine
961:
950:
945:
941:
936:Wayback Machine
927:
916:
911:
907:
890:
889:
880:
875:
871:
864:
848:
841:
834:
818:
814:
809:
805:
800:
793:
790:
781:
778:
769:
677:
640:
635:
633:Order of battle
541:
413:
375:Siege of Multan
322:rebelled under
304:
284:Mandi Bahauddin
268:
267:
266:
261:
233:
228:
226:
224:
186:
174:
169:
122:
120:
118:
108:
106:
80:
64:13 January 1849
49:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2232:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2110:Henry Lawrence
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2054:Sohan Lal Suri
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1805:Maqpon Dynasty
1802:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1754:Durrani Empire
1751:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1689:Nepal–Sikh War
1687:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1363:External links
1361:
1360:
1359:
1355:The Reason Why
1347:
1341:
1326:
1320:
1304:
1298:
1282:
1276:
1263:
1251:
1245:
1233:Farwell, Byron
1229:
1223:
1215:Soldier Sahibs
1211:Allen, Charles
1207:
1193:Chisholm, Hugh
1174:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1158:
1146:
1128:UNREGISTERED.
1120:
1109:
1083:
1055:
1037:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
982:
973:
948:
939:
914:
905:
878:
869:
862:
839:
832:
812:
802:
801:
799:
796:
795:
794:
791:
784:
782:
779:
772:
768:
765:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
676:
673:
672:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
639:
636:
634:
631:
596:Revolt of 1857
540:
537:
496:Colin Campbell
412:
409:
383:Lord Dalhousie
360:Margalla Hills
314:following the
303:
300:
290:, now part of
263:
262:
260:
259:
254:
249:
244:
238:
235:
234:
223:
222:
215:
208:
200:
192:
191:
188:
182:
181:
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
160:
159:
154:
152:Sir Hugh Gough
148:
147:
143:
142:
132:
115:United Kingdom
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
92:
86:
82:
81:
72:
70:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2231:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2187:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2140:Tiwana family
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:Josiah Harlan
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:Jawahar Singh
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:Zorawar Singh
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Harkishangarh
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1749:Mughal Empire
1747:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:Sino-Sikh war
1690:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1561:Gurdas Nangal
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Chappar Chiri
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1299:0-00-653152-0
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1277:0-7509-3162-0
1273:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1246:1-84022-216-6
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1224:0-349-11456-0
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:Chillianwalla
1194:
1189:
1188:public domain
1177:
1176:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1118:
1113:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1034:(4): 197–205.
1033:
1029:
1022:
1016:Farwell, p.58
1013:
1007:Hernon, p.599
1004:
998:Hernon, p.596
995:
989:Hernon, p.594
986:
977:
971:
967:
964:
959:
957:
955:
953:
946:Hernon, p.583
943:
937:
933:
930:
925:
923:
921:
919:
909:
901:
900:
894:
887:
885:
883:
876:Farwell, p.58
873:
865:
859:
855:
854:
846:
844:
835:
829:
825:
824:
816:
807:
803:
788:
783:
776:
771:
770:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
630:
628:
627:Richard Airey
624:
620:
613:
609:
605:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
579:
577:
570:
566:
562:
558:
555:
545:
536:
532:
530:
525:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
480:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
441:
433:
425:
417:
408:
405:
400:
395:
393:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
236:
231:
221:
216:
214:
209:
207:
202:
201:
198:
189:
184:
183:
178:
173:10,000–20,000
172:
167:
166:
161:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
144:
141:
137:
133:
130:
116:
104:
103:
98:
91:
88:Sikh victory
87:
84:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
67:
63:
60:
59:
55:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
2214:1849 in Asia
2186:
2034:Ilahi Bakhsh
1894:Diwan Mulraj
1884:Pratap Singh
1841:Zorawar Fort
1664:
1496:2nd Anandpur
1491:1st Anandpur
1449:Duleep Singh
1424:Kharak Singh
1419:Ranjit Singh
1354:
1331:
1311:
1289:
1267:
1258:
1236:
1214:
1200:
1173:Bibliography
1161:
1154:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:
1123:
1112:
1100:. Retrieved
1096:
1086:
1074:. Retrieved
1070:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
942:
908:
897:
872:
852:
822:
815:
810:Sadler, p.44
806:
638:British Army
615:
611:
607:
602:
601:
581:
572:
568:
564:
559:
550:
533:
520:
505:
493:
481:
466:
462:Chillianwala
454:Jhelum River
447:
396:
371:Duleep Singh
368:
364:Chenab River
348:
324:Dewan Mulraj
305:
280:Chillianwala
271:
269:
247:Chillianwala
246:
100:Belligerents
74:Chillianwala
31:Part of the
18:
2019:Hukma Singh
1934:Gulab Singh
1864:Dhian Singh
1836:Lahore Fort
1826:Multan Fort
1821:Jamrud Fort
1774:Qing Empire
1742:Adversaries
1728:Fauj-i-Khas
1405:Sikh Empire
1139:24 February
1102:23 February
912:Heath, p.42
675:Bengal Army
531:, routed.
356:Indus River
187:6 guns lost
140:Sikh Empire
50: 1849
2193:Categories
2063:Foreigners
2024:Veer Singh
1999:Chandu Lal
1733:Fauj-i-Ain
1439:Sher Singh
1434:Chand Kaur
1308:Keay, John
1255:Heath, Ian
1217:. Abacus.
798:References
623:Lord Lucan
508:Pennycuick
379:Hugh Gough
302:Background
1929:Lal Singh
1924:Tej Singh
1801:of Poonch
1551:Jalalabad
1460:conflicts
1444:Jind Kaur
669:61st Foot
664:29th Foot
659:24th Foot
539:Aftermath
524:61st Foot
516:grapeshot
512:24th Foot
90:Aftermath
2149:Treaties
1531:Sadhaura
1501:Chamkaur
1458:Military
1353:(1960).
1310:(2000).
1288:(2002).
1257:(2005).
1235:(1973).
1213:(2000).
966:Archived
932:Archived
392:Ramnagar
334:, under
292:Pakistan
282:region (
242:Ramnagar
170:100 guns
163:Strength
69:Location
1857:Natives
1799:Sudhans
1546:Lohgarh
1526:Sirhind
1516:Sonepat
1511:Muktsar
1190::
767:Gallery
621:, when
554:obelisk
387:monsoon
354:on the
278:in the
175:60 guns
1684:Others
1521:Samana
1486:Basoli
1481:Nadaun
1412:Rulers
1339:
1318:
1296:
1274:
1243:
1221:
1184:
860:
830:
458:Lahore
411:Battle
352:Attock
344:Hazara
320:Multan
288:Punjab
257:Gujrat
252:Multan
168:15,000
126:
112:
85:Result
78:Punjab
1814:Forts
1566:Delhi
1556:Jammu
1541:Rahon
1506:Sarsa
1076:2 May
477:Bannu
450:Rasul
444:1849.
286:) of
190:4,000
1337:ISBN
1316:ISBN
1294:ISBN
1272:ISBN
1241:ISBN
1219:ISBN
1141:2024
1104:2024
1078:2023
1032:XLII
858:ISBN
828:ISBN
487:and
306:The
270:The
61:Date
1199:".
576:sic
491:.
2195::
1703:,
1699:,
1691:,
1132:.
1095:.
1069:.
1058:^
1030:.
951:^
917:^
896:.
881:^
842:^
76:,
47:c.
45:A
1397:e
1390:t
1383:v
1345:.
1324:.
1302:.
1280:.
1249:.
1227:.
1143:.
1106:.
1080:.
866:.
836:.
219:e
212:t
205:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
