820:
46:
840:, opposite Sicily, about forty miles from Carthage. Gaiseric asked Basiliscus to allow him five days to draw up conditions for a peace. During the negotiations, Gaiseric gathered his ships and suddenly attacked the Roman fleet. The Vandals had filled many vessels with combustible materials. During the night, these
848:
One act of heroism stands forth from this naval defeat. Despite the situation, Basiliscus' lieutenant, Joannes, bravely fought the Vandal onslaught; Procopius describes him as "standing on the deck" and "turning from side to side kept killing very great numbers of the enemy". Upon seeing that his
692:
attack that took advantage of favourable wind conditions. The Vandal fleet followed up on the action and sank over 100 Roman ships. Some 10,000 Roman soldiers and sailors died in the battle. The Roman expedition was now too scattered to land its troops, leading to its complete failure.
796:'s figure of 1,113 vessels. Peter Heather estimates a strength of 30,000 soldiers for the expedition and 50,000 total, when including sailors and the additional forces of Marcellinus and Heraclius. The figures for the money spent on this expedition ranges from the 1,300
879:
The treasuries of the
Eastern Roman Empire were now empty. Peter Heather considers the expedition to have been the last chance to save the Western Roman Empire, which controlled only the Italian peninsula and Sicily. Without the revenue stream from the former
844:
were propelled against the unguarded and unsuspecting Roman fleet. The
Byzantine commanders tried to rescue some ships from destruction, but these manoeuvres were blocked by the attack of other Vandal vessels. Basiliscus fled in the heat of the battle.
823:
A 16th century perception of the
Vandals, illustrated in the manuscript "Théùtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel". Painted by
787:
Ancient and modern historians provided different estimates for the number of ships and troops commanded by
Basiliscus, as well as for the expenses of the expedition, although both were enormous sums. According to the text of
849:
ship was about to be captured, he refused to surrender to Genso, the son of
Gaiseric, instead leaped overboard in heavy armor and drowned himself. His last words were that he "would never come under the hands of dogs".
1034:"Théùtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]"
783:
who sought to control Leo; however, Basiliscus sought the friendship of Aspar to further his own designs on the throne, and Aspar "repeatedly urged upon
Basiliscus that he should spare the Vandals and Genseric".
857:
One half of the Roman fleet was burned, sunk, or captured, and the other half followed the fugitive
Basiliscus. The whole expedition had failed. Heraclius effected his retreat through the desert into
861:, holding the position for two years until recalled; Marcellinus retired to Sicily, where he was reached by Basiliscus; the general was, however, assassinated, perhaps at the instigation of
865:, by one of his own captains; and the king of the Vandals expressed his surprise and satisfaction that the Romans themselves would remove from the world his most formidable antagonists.
181:
872:
to escape the wrath of the people and the revenge of the
Emperor. By the mediation of Verina, Basiliscus obtained the Imperial pardon, and was punished merely with banishment to
1033:
174:
1151:
773:
records that
Basiliscus, brother-in-law to Emperor Leo, had been selected as general by the emperor in hope he would balance the growing influence of the
167:
1176:
696:
The battle is considered to have ended the
Western Roman Empire's chances of survival. Without access to the resources of the former
952:
1156:
1161:
1125:
352:
819:
460:
342:
480:
347:
191:
394:
236:
135:
942:
423:
367:
241:
836:
Sardinia and Libya were already conquered by Marcellinus and Heraclius, when Basiliscus cast anchor off
653:
was one of the largest amphibious operations in antiquity, with 1,113 ships and over 50,000 personnel.
792:, 100,000 ships were assembled, although modern scholars have emended this to 1100, which is closer to
744:
530:
515:
443:
379:
273:
557:
510:
404:
268:
231:
804:(130,000 Roman pounds), to the 64,000 pounds of gold and 700,000 pounds of silver by
384:
881:
829:
697:
607:
545:
540:
448:
438:
433:
310:
278:
206:
37:
28:
1171:
1146:
1117:
602:
592:
562:
535:
337:
305:
525:
465:
416:
411:
362:
293:
253:
740:
582:
428:
399:
322:
317:
216:
211:
994:(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1966), p. 120f. See Gordon's note 11 on the emendation.
717:
630:
597:
455:
372:
226:
114:
110:
763:
coast east of Carthage, making rapid progress. It appears that the combined forces met in
8:
756:
587:
505:
288:
283:
139:
713:
500:
470:
389:
332:
327:
258:
221:
577:
1121:
946:
793:
700:, the west could not sustain an army powerful enough to defeat its numerous enemies.
567:
550:
520:
357:
300:
873:
809:
634:
485:
159:
1057:
Procopius suggests that Gaiseric supported his request for a truce with a bribe. (
732:
725:
721:
677:
612:
475:
825:
665:
657:
650:
495:
248:
105:
70:
751:
was ordered to sail directly to Carthage, while Marcellinus attacked and took
1140:
1113:
760:
490:
32:
1166:
869:
858:
263:
805:
748:
638:
131:
841:
801:
770:
736:
868:
After returning to Constantinople, Basiliscus hid in the church of
837:
752:
709:
689:
673:
646:
126:
75:
1023:, vol. 2 p. 55. Candidus, fragment 2; translated by Gordon, p. 121
862:
789:
712:, had established the Vandal kingdom of Africa. In 455, Gaiseric
642:
79:
764:
656:
While attempting to land near Carthage at the Cape of Mercury (
992:
The Age of Attila: Fifth Century Byzantium and the Barbarians
780:
774:
951:. Vol. I. Boston: C. Little and J. Brown. p. 466.
629:
was an engagement during a joint military expedition of the
981:(Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library, 1979), vol. 2 pp. 55f.
45:
808:
and to 65,000 of gold and 700,000 of silver by
920:
918:
916:
903:
901:
688:), the Roman fleet was thrown into disorder by a Vandal
828:
in the 2nd half of the 16th century. Preserved in the
767:, whence the three fleets moved at different periods.
997:
990:
Priscus, fragment 42; translated by Colin D. Gordon,
948:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
913:
898:
189:
884:, the west was incapable of sustaining its army.
1138:
728:) and her daughters had been taken as hostages.
731:The plan was concerted between Eastern Emperor
175:
1152:Naval battles involving the Byzantine Empire
682:
1110:The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History
182:
168:
818:
1107:
1003:
937:
935:
933:
924:
907:
16:Naval battle between Vandals and Romans
1139:
941:
708:By 435, the Vandals under their king
163:
977:III.6.4; translated by H.B. Dewing,
930:
1078:III.6.22-24; translated by Dewing,
1061:III.6.12-16; translated by Dewing,
955:from the original on 22 August 2006
13:
1095:(Macmillan, 1923), vol. 1 pp. 336f
14:
1188:
1093:History of the Later Roman Empire
755:, and a third army, commanded by
1177:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
800:of gold reported by Priscus and
193:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
44:
1101:
1085:
1068:
1019:III.6.2; translated by Dewing,
1051:
1026:
1009:
984:
967:
743:, who enjoyed independence in
1:
1157:Battles involving the Vandals
887:
703:
461:ByzantineâSasanian War of 440
353:RomanâSasanian War of 421â422
343:Gothic War in Spain (416â418)
1162:460s in the Byzantine Empire
892:
852:
716:, the former capital of the
649:in 468. The invasion of the
424:Burgundian Revolt of Gunther
368:Gothic revolt of Theodoric I
7:
10:
1193:
444:Battle of Mons Colubrarius
380:Roman civil war of 427-429
814:
511:Gothic War in Spain (456)
201:
145:
120:
99:
52:
43:
26:
21:
882:Roman province of Africa
830:Ghent University Library
698:Roman province of Africa
29:Fall of the Roman Empire
1118:Oxford University Press
833:
683:
661:
651:kingdom of the Vandals
526:Roman civil war of 456
412:Roman civil war of 432
363:Roman civil war of 425
121:Commanders and leaders
38:Vandalic War (461â468)
822:
662:Promontorium Mercurii
635:Eastern Roman Empires
318:Crossing of the Rhine
146:Casualties and losses
1108:Heather, P. (2006).
718:Western Roman Empire
541:Gothic War (457â458)
456:Vandal War (439-442)
434:Gothic War (436â439)
279:Gothic War (401â403)
207:Gothic War (376â382)
115:Eastern Roman Empire
111:Western Roman Empire
69:Mercury Promontory,
757:Heraclius of Edessa
274:Revolt of Tribigild
140:Heraclius of Edessa
33:RomanâGermanic Wars
834:
735:, Western Emperor
724:(widow of Emperor
720:, and the Empress
627:Battle of Cape Bon
481:Catalaunian Plains
390:Frankish War (428)
348:Nervasos Mountains
333:War of Heraclianus
259:Revolt of Alaric I
22:Battle of Cape Bon
1127:978-0-19-532541-6
622:
621:
301:War of Radagaisus
158:
157:
95:
94:
1184:
1131:
1112:(1st ed.).
1096:
1089:
1083:
1072:
1066:
1065:, vol. 2 p. 59f)
1055:
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1024:
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1007:
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988:
982:
971:
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928:
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874:Heraclea Sintica
778:Magister militum
759:, landed on the
686:
196:
194:
184:
177:
170:
161:
160:
91:Vandalic victory
54:
53:
48:
19:
18:
1192:
1191:
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1183:
1182:
1181:
1137:
1136:
1128:
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726:Valentinian III
722:Licinia Eudoxia
706:
623:
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197:
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138:
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113:
83:
73:
35:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1172:Vandal Kingdom
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1147:460s conflicts
1133:
1132:
1126:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1084:
1082:, vol. 2 p. 63
1067:
1050:
1025:
1008:
1006:, p. 400.
996:
983:
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943:Smith, William
929:
927:, p. 406.
912:
910:, p. 405.
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739:, and General
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876:, in Thrace.
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826:Lucas d'Heere
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603:Ravenna (476)
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1102:Bibliography
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1087:
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1062:
1058:
1053:
1041:. Retrieved
1038:lib.ugent.be
1037:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1004:Heather 2006
999:
991:
986:
978:
974:
969:
957:. Retrieved
947:
925:Heather 2006
908:Heather 2006
878:
870:Hagia Sophia
867:
859:Tripolitania
856:
847:
835:
797:
786:
777:
769:
730:
707:
695:
681:
669:
655:
641:against the
626:
624:
572:
536:Camp Cannini
466:Vicus Helena
400:Hippo Regius
264:Gildonic War
242:Thessalonica
100:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1091:J.B. Bury,
1074:Procopius,
1015:Procopius,
973:Procopius,
741:Marcellinus
714:sacked Rome
670:áŒÏÎŒÎ±ÎŻÎ± áŒÎșÏα
645:capital of
583:Arles (471)
551:Arles (458)
429:Arles (435)
373:Arles (425)
269:Pictish War
212:Marcianople
136:Marcellinus
1141:Categories
888:References
842:fire ships
806:John Lydus
749:Basiliscus
704:Background
639:Basiliscus
588:Rome (472)
531:Garigliano
516:Agrigentum
501:Rome (455)
328:Rome (410)
132:Basiliscus
1080:Procopius
1063:Procopius
1043:25 August
1021:Procopius
979:Procopius
959:4 January
893:Citations
853:Aftermath
810:Candidus.
802:Procopius
771:Procopius
745:Illyricum
737:Anthemius
558:Cartagena
506:Aylesford
289:Pollentia
154:100 ships
1076:De Bello
1059:De Bello
1017:De Bello
975:De Bello
953:Archived
945:(1870).
838:Cape Bon
798:centaria
794:Cedrenus
753:Sardinia
710:Gaiseric
690:fireship
674:Cape Bon
647:Carthage
608:Soissons
573:Cape Bon
486:Aquileia
439:Narbonne
405:Carthage
338:Massilia
311:Faesulae
306:Florence
254:Frigidus
222:Dibaltum
127:Gaiseric
76:Cape Bon
71:Vandalia
65:Location
863:Ricimer
790:Priscus
684:Cap Bon
676:or, in
637:led by
631:Western
568:Bergamo
563:Orleans
521:Corsica
358:Tarraco
217:Willows
151:Unknown
80:Tunisia
74:(today
1124:
815:Battle
765:Sicily
761:Libyan
678:French
672:; now
643:Vandal
476:Asemus
417:Rimini
395:Africa
385:MĂ©rida
294:Verona
88:Result
781:Aspar
666:Greek
658:Latin
613:Badon
598:Pavia
578:DĂ©ols
496:Milan
491:Padua
323:Ostia
1122:ISBN
1045:2020
961:2013
775:Alan
633:and
625:The
471:Utus
284:Asti
249:Save
57:Date
36:and
1167:468
733:Leo
60:468
1143::
1120:.
1116::
1036:.
932:^
915:^
900:^
747:.
680:,
668::
664:;
660::
78:,
1130:.
1047:.
963:.
832:.
183:e
176:t
169:v
82:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
