37:
543:
514:
428:
At some stage, contingents of Welsh archers in
Mortimer's army defected, and loosed arrows against their former comrades. It is not known whether their defection was planned in advance, or whether they chose to back Glyndŵr in the middle of the battle as the likely winner. Their action contributed to
409:
Mortimer's army was seeking to bring Glyndŵr's smaller army to battle. Although the location was only just inside Wales, Glyndŵr undoubtedly had many local informants and sympathisers and could plan a decisive battle. Probably, he had also been able to summon reinforcements from other parts of Wales,
405:
The
Wigmore Chronicle says the battle site was 'upon the hill called Bryn Glas in Maelienydd near Knighton'. Nicholas Bysshop wrote in about c.1432, that it was 'on a hill with a spring and on the right side of an adjacent hill' (Graig Hill) and the Prose Brut locates it 'on the Blacke Hyll' (Black
389:
to the crown, but Roger had died the year before
Richard was overthrown and none of the nobles supported his son's claim.) However, Sir Edmund Mortimer had so far loyally supported the new king. In any case, as a substantial holder of lands in Wales and on the borders, Mortimer had already suffered
456:
The battle was one of the greatest Welsh victories against an
English army in the open field. News of it brought many Welshmen who had hitherto been undecided to openly support Glyndŵr. On the English side, it resulted in some panicked appointments of officers and hasty reinforcements of garrisons
504:
The Welsh
Battlefields Survey carried out by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW) said that it is not possible to identify the exact location of the battle from the available documentary and archaeological evidence. Archaeological work carried out in 2012
325:
After Glyndŵr gained early successes in 1400, King Henry led a punitive expedition into north Wales and appeared to have suppressed the revolt. However, Glyndŵr remained at large, and anti-Welsh legislation by
Parliament ensured that few Welshmen had reason to support continued English rule. On 1
452:
by Henry IV in the previous years, which had been marked by many acts of brutality and rape. Whether these mutilations took place remains open to debate, as some historians, including Philip Warner, suggest it was a story perpetrated by the
English parliament to portray the Welsh as savages. The
424:
Mortimer's army formed up and advanced up the slope, against the Welsh archers clearly in view. With the advantage of height, Glyndŵr's archers outranged
Mortimer's (themselves armed with longbows). As Mortimer's men-at-arms tried to close with Glyndwr's archers, the Welsh troops who had been
460:
Mortimer was captured in the battle. Henry (who was in financial difficulties) made no effort to ransom him. Mortimer subsequently renounced his allegiance to King Henry IV, put forward his nephew's claim to the throne of
England, and married Glyndŵr's daughter
322:, a supporter of the new King Henry, had unlawfully seized some of Glyndŵr's lands and falsely caused charges of treason to be brought against him. In response, Glyndŵr declared himself the true Prince of Wales, and began a rebellion.
353:
Early in 1402, Glyndŵr's men ambushed and captured Grey of Ruthyn, who had indirectly caused the rebellion, and held him for ransom. In June, Glyndŵr himself was near
Knighton, and only 12 miles (19 km) from
350:
in mid-Wales. These two events reinvigorated the rebellion. Henry led another punitive expedition into mid-Wales, but achieved nothing and his army suffered severely from bad weather.
193:
736:
381:, and either of them had a better hereditary claim to be King of England than Henry. (The childless Richard II had declared Sir Edmund's brother and the young Edmund's father,
595:
824:
448:
It was claimed by contemporary accounts that immediately after the battle, many English corpses were mutilated by Welsh women camp followers, in revenge for the
402:, contained inaccuracies. Most details must, therefore, be assumptions, although the ground remains largely unchanged and provides a reasonable basis for them.
186:
783:
179:
532:
stands on Bryn Glas and predates the battle. In the grounds of the church is a spring-fed well. There is limited parking available at the church.
82:
505:
found no evidence of the battle on Bryn Glas. RCAHMW says that the battle site is likely to be near Bryn Glas and the two neighbouring hills.
421:, was placed on the slopes of the hill. The remainder were concealed in a valley to the left of the hill, camouflaged by thick foliage.
362:, widely known as "Hotspur", as his principal lieutenant and justiciar in North Wales and the adjacent Marches. Hotspur's uncle, the
319:
310:
had become alienated from many of the nobles, and had been overthrown by Henry Bolingbroke, the Duke of Lancaster, who became
378:
429:
the confusion of Mortimer's army which, attacked from the steep slopes above, and from their flank and rear, was destroyed.
685:
761:
437:
366:, held a similar appointment in the south. However, the force which confronted Glyndŵr near Knighton was a county levy of
363:
878:
628:
615:
382:
263:(also known as the Battle of Pilleth) was a battle between the Welsh and English on 22 June 1402, near the towns of
873:
36:
868:
78:
898:
539:
was planted to mark the site where the remains of those killed in the battle are said to have been buried.
462:
787:
433:
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from the depredations of Glyndŵr's rebels and appeared to have much to lose should the revolt continue.
318:, there were still many supporters of the deposed Richard, who died in captivity in 1400. In that year,
888:
883:
358:, then an important English garrison and market town in the Welsh Marches. King Henry had appointed
863:
536:
347:
217:
371:
291:, as it resulted in the prolongation of the Welsh war of independence and the destabilisation of
237:
131:
893:
582:
410:
which moved rapidly over hill tracks, and was therefore far stronger than Mortimer realised.
359:
307:
108:
247:
232:
542:
203:
8:
561:
469:
449:
413:
Though always a risky tactic, Glyndŵr divided his army. Part of the army, including many
398:
There were few contemporary sources for details of the battle, and some, such as that of
311:
292:
242:
113:
624:
611:
578:
525:
222:
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English dead lay unburied, and the stench caused the area to be avoided for months.
303:
280:
28:
474:
288:
171:
125:
590:
The battle is also described in Chapter 4 (Section - April 1402 to July 1403) of
264:
135:
74:
757:
591:
343:
857:
839:
826:
386:
367:
335:
315:
816:
811:
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concealed in the valley emerged to attack Mortimer's right flank and rear.
339:
306:
occurred against a background of instability in the English monarchy. King
284:
728:
399:
327:
566:
355:
342:
by trickery. Glyndŵr himself won a victory over an army of English and
268:
555:
A computer-animated reconstruction of the battle was featured in the
331:
54:
529:
521:
418:
414:
66:
577:
The battle is described in Chapter XV, entitled 'Bryn Glas', of
513:
440:; and Sir Robert Whitney, who was Henry IV's Knight-Marshal.
276:
272:
70:
546:
Battle of Bryn Glas commemoration plaque, Pilleth churchyard
556:
686:
BERE, Kynard de la (d.1402), of Kinnersley, Herefs.
201:
283:of 1400-1415. It was an important victory for the
729:"Battle at Bryn Glas; Battle of Pilleth (306352)"
855:
688:Member Biography @ historyofparliamentonline.org
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41:Bryn Glas and Pilleth Church - geograph.org.uk
649:
187:
491:Was by the rude hand of that Welshman taken,
696:
694:
487:Leading the men of Herefordshire to fight,
436:of Weobley; Kinard de la Bere, three-time
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180:
623:, R. R. Davies, Oxford Paperbacks, 1995,
489:Against the wild and irregular Glendower,
727:
640:
541:
512:
499:
691:
320:Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn
136:
856:
295:politics for several years afterward.
379:Edmund de Mortimer, 5th Earl of March
175:
508:
764:from the original on 9 October 2007
304:Owain Glyndŵr's war of independence
13:
550:
495:A thousand of his people butchered
14:
910:
805:
383:Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March
610:, Philip Warner, Fontana, 1977,
377:Mortimer was uncle of the young
35:
776:
750:
721:
712:
703:
679:
670:
661:
1:
634:
572:
346:settlers in Pembrokeshire at
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621:The Revolt of Owain Glyn Dwr
596:A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury
443:
338:and Gwilym ap Tudur, seized
7:
758:"Friends of Pilleth Church"
468:The battle is mentioned by
10:
915:
601:
879:Battles involving England
784:"BBC Battlefield Britain"
517:St Mary's Church, Pilleth
393:
213:
157:
144:
119:
102:
45:
34:
26:
21:
438:Sheriff of Herefordshire
432:Among those killed were
417:armed with the powerful
874:Battles involving Wales
817:Photograph at Geograph
812:Photograph at Geograph
547:
518:
497:
326:April 1401 (which was
205:Owain Glyndŵr's Revolt
120:Commanders and leaders
869:15th century in Wales
545:
516:
500:Archaeological survey
480:
330:), two brothers from
308:Richard II of England
279:. It was part of the
158:Casualties and losses
109:Principality of Wales
840:52.30681°N 3.09703°W
608:Famous Welsh Battles
594:’s historical novel
581:'s historical novel
450:punitive expeditions
434:Sir Walter Devereaux
16:1402 battle in Wales
836: /
676:Davies, pp. 22, 231
562:Battlefield Britain
483:the noble Mortimer,
470:William Shakespeare
314:. In Wales and the
312:Henry IV of England
261:Battle of Bryn Glas
22:Battle of Bryn Glas
845:52.30681; -3.09703
548:
519:
114:Kingdom of England
73:(2 miles south of
899:Glyndŵr rebellion
889:Conflicts in 1402
667:Warner, pp. 48–49
579:John Cowper Powys
509:Contemporary site
364:Earl of Worcester
256:
255:
170:
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98:
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884:History of Powys
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790:on July 11, 2006
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475:Henry IV, Part 1
457:all over Wales.
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19:
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864:1402 in England
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853:
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551:Reconstructions
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372:Edmund Mortimer
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209:
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132:Edmund Mortimer
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40:
17:
12:
11:
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806:External links
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802:
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718:Davies, p. 231
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709:Davies, p. 157
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658:Davies, p. 240
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646:Davies, p. 103
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592:Edith Pargeter
584:Owen Glendower
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565:, narrated by
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348:Mynydd Hyddgen
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281:Glyndŵr Rising
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79:grid reference
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53:22 June 1402 (
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32:
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29:Glyndŵr Rising
24:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
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894:1402 in Wales
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316:Welsh Marches
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289:Owain Glyndŵr
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20:
821:
792:. Retrieved
788:the original
778:
766:. Retrieved
752:
740:. Retrieved
732:
723:
714:
705:
700:Warner, p.50
681:
672:
663:
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537:Wellingtonia
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340:Conwy Castle
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103:Belligerents
27:Part of the
843: /
794:20 November
768:20 November
535:A stand of
400:Adam of Usk
360:Henry Percy
328:Good Friday
858:Categories
828:52°18′25″N
742:14 October
635:References
573:In fiction
567:Peter Snow
370:under Sir
356:Leominster
299:Background
269:Presteigne
248:Pwll Melyn
233:Shrewsbury
831:3°05′49″W
444:Aftermath
228:Bryn Glas
166:600-1,100
762:Archived
587:(1941).
559:series,
385:, to be
332:Anglesey
265:Knighton
243:Grosmont
145:Strength
83:SO253682
75:Knighton
62:Location
55:St Alban
733:Coflein
602:Sources
598:(1972)
530:Pilleth
522:St Mary
419:longbow
415:archers
406:Hill).
344:Flemish
293:English
223:Tuthill
134: (
67:Pilleth
57:'s Day)
737:RCAHMW
627:
614:
526:church
463:Catrin
394:Battle
287:under
91:Result
285:Welsh
277:Wales
273:Powys
153:2,000
150:1,500
77:) at
71:Powys
796:2007
770:2007
744:2021
625:ISBN
612:ISBN
267:and
259:The
130:Sir
50:Date
557:BBC
528:at
524:'s
472:in
271:in
163:200
137:POW
860::
760:.
735:.
731:.
693:^
651:^
569:.
478::
465:.
374:.
334:,
275:,
69:,
798:.
772:.
746:.
195:e
188:t
181:v
140:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
