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the way of forage for them to eat along the way. This accounted for Major-General
Forrest's capture of the artillery and supplies. Intelligence had entirely favored the South, because the Confederates had been constantly fed information about the position and strength of the Federals from civilians in the area, while Brigadier-General Sturgis had received no such intelligence. Because of this information, Forrest planned to meet the Federals at a place where he could ambush Sturgis and make retreat as difficult as possible. This location was close to his supply depot, and very far from the U.S. Army's. When the retreat had occurred, with food and supplies exhausted, many of the Federal soldiers were unable to retreat with the rest because of fatigue. This was why so many Federals were taken prisoner during the battle. Finally, Wilkin stated that the rumors that Sturgis had been intoxicated at the battle were false.
983:), and the support of federal, state, and local governments, BCNBC has purchased for preservation over 1,420 acres (5.7 km). Much of the land was purchased from The Agnew Family, who still own some of the property that became the site of the battlefield. The modern Bethany Presbyterian Church is at the southeast side of the cross roads. At the time of the battle this congregation's meeting house was located further south along the Baldwyn Road. Bethany Cemetery, adjacent to the National Park Service monument, predates the American Civil War. Many of the area's earliest settlers are buried here. The graves of more than 90 Confederate soldiers killed at the cross roads are also located in Bethany Cemetery. Federal soldiers were buried in common graves, but were later reinterred in the
606:, strike the supply lines, and perhaps jeopardize the entire Federal effort. As a result, Sherman in late May ordered Sturgis out of Memphis and into North Mississippi with a force of just over 8,000 men. Sturgis's mission was to keep Forrest occupied and, if possible, destroy the Confederate cavalry force that Forrest commanded. Sherman's orders to Sturgis came just in time, as Forrest's cavalry had just left for Middle Tennessee and was forced to turn back to Mississippi to once again defend the northern part of the state. The Federal expedition marched out of Memphis on June 1. Sturgis had a great deal of discretion in his movements, but was generally expected to "proceed to
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679:, listed several reasons for the loss of the battle. He stated that General Sturgis, knowing that his men were under-supplied, having been on less than half rations, had been hesitant to advance on the enemy, but had done so against his better judgment because he had been ordered to do so. When the cavalry had engaged the enemy, many of the infantry had been ordered to advance double-time to support the cavalry. In their weakened condition, many had fallen out in the advance. Those who did arrive were exhausted at the beginning of the battle, while the Confederates were fresh and well fed, owing to a large supply in their rear.
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642:'s Cavalry Division reached Brice's Cross Roads. The battle started at 10:30 a.m. when the Confederates performed a stalling operation with a brigade of their own. Forrest ordered the rest of his cavalry to converge around the cross roads. The remainder of the Federal cavalry arrived in support, but a strong Confederate assault soon pushed them back at 11:30 a.m., when the balance of
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and its partners, including BCNBC, have been acquiring and preserving land at Brice's Cross Roads since 1996, when the Trust's predecessor organization, the
Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites (APCWS), acquired and preserved 797.7 acres – about two-thirds of the battlefield – in two
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erected and maintains monuments and interpretive panels on a small 1-acre (4,000 m) plot at the cross roads. In 1994, concerned citizens organized the Brice's Cross Roads
National Battlefield Commission, Inc., to protect and preserve additional battlefield land. With assistance from the Civil
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The roads to Tupelo were wet and sloppy due to six sequential days of rain, which slowed the advance of the supply wagons and ammunition train. Several men were detailed to try to make the roads passable. Additionally, the horses pulling the trains were poorly fed because there had been little in
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assaulted the bridge across the
Tishomingo. Although the attack failed, it caused severe confusion among the U.S. troops, and Sturgis ordered a general retreat. With the Tennesseans still pressing, the retreat bottlenecked at the Tishomingo bridge and a panicked rout developed instead. During the
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The
Federal line, initially bolstered by the infantry, briefly seized the momentum and attacked the Confederate left flank, but Forrest launched an attack from his extreme right and left wings, before the rest of the Federal infantry could take the field. In this phase of the battle, Forrest
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in command of all remaining
Confederate forces within Polk's Department of Alabama, Mississippi, and East Louisiana. Lee took charge of the department, but wisely gave Forrest authority to act independently in the northern part of Mississippi and Tennessee.
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of Black Union troops by
Confederates under Forrest, which allowed Sturgis to escape and plan further raids. Sturgis' forces fled wildly, pursued across six counties on their return to Memphis before the exhausted Confederate attackers retired.
999:, acquired 512.8 additional acres. Additional purchases during the past 16 years have increased the total battlefield land acquired and preserved to 1,500 acres as of late-2021, which is nearly the entire battlefield.
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purchases. In 2001, two years after the merger of the APCWS and the original Civil War Trust, the new organization, the Civil War
Preservation Trust, now known as the
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arrived on the scene. Grierson called for infantry support and
Sturgis obliged. The line held until 1:30 p.m. when the first regiments of U.S. infantry arrived.
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974:, established in 1929, commemorates the Battle of Brice's Cross Roads and is considered one of the best preserved of the American Civil War. The
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During the four-month
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504:. The battle was a victory for the Confederates. Forrest inflicted heavy casualties on the Federal force and captured more than 1,600
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Update to the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields Final DRAFT – State of Mississippi
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after Richmond and a critical transportation hub: Four railroads radiating from the city carried supplies to their forces.
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commanded his field artillery to unlimber, unprotected, only yards from the Federal line, and to shred their troops with
610:, Mississippi, by way of Salem and Ruckersville, capture any force that may be there, then proceed south, destroying the
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1120:. Vol. VII: Alabama and Mississippi. Atlanta, Ga.: Confederate Publishing Company. pp.
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Jennings, John M. (2022). "Nathan Bedford Forrest". In Jennings, John M.; Steele, Chuck (eds.).
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1429:"Protecting Sherman's Lifeline: The Battles of Brices Cross Roads and Tupelo 1864"
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1194:(1st ed.). Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press. pp. 158–161.
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Battles of Forrest's Defense of Mississippi of the American Civil War
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Battle of Brice's Crossroads - Forrest's Greatest Victory (Lecture)
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Map of Brice's Cross Roads Battlefield core and study areas by the
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1512:. Vol. 3. Des Moines, Iowa: Dyer Publishing Co. p. 514
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A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion: Sturgis' Expedition
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Diary of Samuel A. Agnew, September 27, 1863 – June 30, 1864
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Battery F, 2nd Light Artillery Regiment U.S. Colored Troops
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List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Mississippi
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force of 3,500 cavalry under the command of Major-General
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1967:
Battles of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
1218:. Echoes of Glory (1st ed.). Alexandria, Virginia:
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1159:. St. Paul, Minn.: Pioneer Press. pp. 420–426.
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Dyer did not specify division or brigade commanders.
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General in Chief of the Armies of the United States
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1290:. Vol. 3: Red River to Appomattox. New York:
830:Battery "B", 2nd Illinois Light Artillery Regiment
785:Battery "E", 1st Illinois Light Artillery Regiment
1156:Minnesota in the Civil and Indian Wars, 1861–1865
1044:Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1864
947:7th Independent Battery Wisconsin Light Artillery
530:, and his most trusted subordinate Major-General
1957:Battles of the American Civil War in Mississippi
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165:The Battle of Brice's Cross Roads, June 10, 1864
1972:Confederate victories of the American Civil War
792:6th Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery
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1458:(1st ed.). Santa Fe, N.M.: Clear Light.
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1192:Mississippi's Civil War: A Narrative History
972:Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site
847:59th United States Colored Infantry Regiment
840:55th United States Colored Infantry Regiment
638:At 9:45 a.m., on June 10, a brigade of
476:, was fought on Friday, June 10, 1864, near
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1492:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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1387:"Lost Confederate burial site discovered"
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55:adding citations to reliable sources
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586:, which in turn left Major-General
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1982:History of Lee County, Mississippi
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1216:Illustrated Atlas of The Civil War
1039:List of American Civil War battles
916:19th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment
522:In March 1864, Lieutenant-General
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1359:"Brice's Cross Roads Battlefield"
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809:95th Illinois Infantry Regiment
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762:9th Minnesota Infantry Regiment
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66:"Battle of Brice's Cross Roads"
42:needs additional citations for
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1556:Battle of Brice's Cross Roads
1345:"An Entire Battlefield Saved"
1343:Zeller, Bob (June 20, 2014).
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888:9th Illinois Cavalry Regiment
881:3rd Illinois Cavalry Regiment
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482:Confederate States of America
466:Battle of Brice's Cross Roads
146:Battle of Brice's Cross Roads
1574:Battle of Brices Cross Roads
1450:(1998). Banash, Stan (ed.).
1347:. American Battlefield Trust
1117:Confederate Military History
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895:7th Indiana Cavalry Regiment
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18:Battle of Brices Cross Roads
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1506:Dyer, Frederick H. (1908).
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1569:American Battlefield Trust
1364:American Battlefield Trust
1287:The Civil War, A Narrative
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1017:American Civil War portal
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1879:Fourth Military District
1411:Entire Battlefield Saved
1385:Thomas, William (1991).
955:Battlefield preservation
612:Mobile and Ohio Railroad
532:William Tecumseh Sherman
1112:Evans, Gen. Clement A.
1108:Hooker, Col. Charles E.
644:Forrest's Cavalry Corps
378:Location in Mississippi
209:34.506111°N 88.728889°W
1801:Big Black River Bridge
1413:Accessed Jan. 5, 2018.
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275:Commanders and leaders
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1222:. 1998. p. 248.
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516:Further information:
323:Casualties and losses
214:34.506111; -88.728889
1294:. pp. 370–373.
692:Sturgis' Expedition
664:Fort Pillow massacre
640:Benjamin H. Grierson
596:Nashville, Tennessee
496:, was defeated by a
478:Baldwyn, Mississippi
468:, also known as the
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188:Baldwyn, Mississippi
51:improve this article
1947:1864 in Mississippi
1837:Brice's Cross Roads
1190:Wynne, Ben (2006).
979:War Trust (now the
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657:At 3:30, Forrest's
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558:'s most productive
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1031:Mississippi portal
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769:72nd Ohio Infantry
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570:Sherman began his
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441:Brices Cross Roads
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153:American Civil War
1977:Conflicts in 1864
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1201:978-0-88146-039-1
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862:Brigadier General
727:Infantry Division
714:Samuel D. Sturgis
711:Brigadier General
600:North Mississippi
548:Army of Tennessee
502:Nathan B. Forrest
494:Samuel D. Sturgis
474:Battle of Guntown
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773:
772:
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745:
742:
724:
708:
707:
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698:
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685:
672:
669:
635:
632:
588:Stephen D. Lee
567:
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526:, newly named
513:
510:
457:
456:
454:
453:
451:Second Memphis
448:
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438:
432:
429:
428:
422:'s Defense of
415:
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407:
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392:
384:
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331:
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314:4,800 infantry
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290:
277:
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185:
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39:
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30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1999:
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1965:
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1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1927:
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1909:
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1905:
1897:
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1892:
1889:
1887:
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1880:
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1857:
1856:Egypt Station
1854:
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1796:Champion Hill
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1730:First Corinth
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1301:0-307-29038-7
1297:
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1288:
1283:
1282:Foote, Shelby
1277:
1262:
1260:9781789145830
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1229:0-7370-3160-3
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1007:
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813:
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752:
749:
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738:
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728:
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709:
695:
684:
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678:
668:
665:
660:
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647:
645:
641:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
589:
585:
581:
580:Leonidas Polk
577:
573:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:and head for
541:
537:
536:Robert E. Lee
533:
529:
525:
524:Ulysses Grant
519:
509:
507:
503:
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495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
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471:
467:
452:
449:
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406:
401:
399:
394:
393:
390:
376:
355:
346:
342:
332:
327:
326:
321:
316:3,300 cavalry
313:
311:3,500 cavalry
310:
309:
304:
301:
296:
291:
289:
284:
279:
278:
273:
269:
265:
264:United States
254:
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241:
240:
235:
227:
224:
223:
218:
189:
184:
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180:
177:June 10, 1864
176:
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121:
118:
110:
99:
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78:
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71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
1836:
1644:State Troops
1537:. Retrieved
1514:. Retrieved
1508:
1495:. Retrieved
1482:
1453:
1436:. Retrieved
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1390:
1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1362:
1349:. Retrieved
1338:
1326:
1292:Random House
1286:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1245:
1238:
1215:
1210:
1191:
1168:. Retrieved
1155:
1126:. Retrieved
1116:
1082:
1063:
989:
969:
922:2nd Brigade
877:1st Brigade
858:
836:3rd Brigade
798:2nd Brigade
744:1st Brigade
726:
681:
674:
656:
648:
637:
593:
569:
521:
473:
469:
465:
463:
237:Belligerents
200:88°43′44.0″W
197:34°30′22.0″N
151:Part of the
138:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1781:Port Gibson
1639:Confederacy
1391:Tulsa World
1351:October 12,
1266:January 29,
538:'s army in
498:Confederate
424:Mississippi
335:394 wounded
330:396 wounded
212: /
1941:Categories
1832:Yazoo City
1771:Grand Gulf
1735:Booneville
1702:Yazoo City
1682:Greenville
1672:Yazoo Pass
1632:Combatants
1516:October 7,
1465:1574160095
1448:Brown, Dee
1249:. London:
1050:References
697:Commander
512:Background
436:Yazoo City
333:223 killed
107:April 2016
77:newspapers
1869:Aftermath
1847:Senatobia
1806:Vicksburg
1667:Vicksburg
1660:Campaigns
1331:Dyer 1908
1318:10352813M
1310:704441101
1075:Citations
1055:Footnotes
779:Regiment
771:Regiment
700:Division
671:Aftermath
328:96 killed
1916:Category
1844:Seminary
1822:Aberdeen
1697:Meridian
1539:April 9,
1535:(Report)
1528:(n.d.).
1497:April 9,
1474:98005448
1438:April 9,
1396:June 10,
1370:June 20,
1284:(1974).
1170:April 9,
1165:02014556
1128:April 9,
1110:(1899).
1003:See also
730:Colonel
703:Brigade
652:canister
628:Columbus
544:Richmond
540:Virginia
306:Strength
182:Location
1926:Commons
1827:Okolona
1791:Jackson
1786:Raymond
1716:Battles
1692:Jackson
1589:YouTube
1114:(ed.).
620:Okolona
608:Corinth
566:Prelude
560:arsenal
552:Atlanta
486:Federal
472:or the
420:Forrest
339:16 guns
318:22 guns
91:scholar
1851:Tupelo
1841:Oxford
1707:Tupelo
1472:
1462:
1316:
1308:
1298:
1257:
1226:
1198:
1163:
634:Battle
616:Tupelo
446:Tupelo
261:
248:
225:Result
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1677:Bayou
1651:Union
1533:(PDF)
706:Unit
624:Macon
602:into
556:South
268:Union
186:Near
98:JSTOR
84:books
1815:1864
1759:1863
1740:Iuka
1723:1862
1541:2016
1518:2020
1499:2016
1470:LCCN
1460:ISBN
1440:2016
1398:2016
1372:2023
1353:2018
1306:OCLC
1296:ISBN
1268:2024
1255:ISBN
1224:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1172:2016
1161:LCCN
1130:2016
1124:–199
990:The
970:The
626:and
618:and
484:. A
464:The
174:Date
70:news
1587:on
1576:at
1567:at
1558:at
1122:195
630:."
614:to
53:by
1943::
1490:.
1486:.
1468:.
1431:.
1389:.
1361:.
1314:OL
1312:.
1304:.
1180:^
1138:^
1096:^
987:.
1617:e
1610:t
1603:v
1543:.
1520:.
1501:.
1476:.
1442:.
1400:.
1374:.
1355:.
1320:.
1270:.
1232:.
1204:.
1174:.
1132:.
1090:.
411:e
404:t
397:v
270:)
266:(
133:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
