101:
92:
111:
83:
373:
441:
513:, which he entrusted to Admiral Count of Osona with Cardona as vice-admiral. Relieving the island, the Castilian army left the siege and reembarked. Though he had numerical advantage, Peter I chose not to join the battle and withdrew. He was pursued by 15 or 20 galleys under Bernat de Cabrera. This force then anchored at the
383:
Perellós refused Peter's demands and was chased by
Castilian warships as far as the Portuguese coast. Peter of Castile complained afterwards to King Peter IV of Aragon, but as he did not obtain the desired results, he declared war on the Crown of Aragon. While both crowns promptly engaged in a bloody
484:
before their line with the aim of keeping the
Castilian ships as they approached the port to begin the attack. Whether true or not, the Castilian fleet sailed through the shoals and a stubborn battle ensued. At nightfall, Peter I withdrew his vessels and the battle renewed at 10:00 am, the following
456:
and a very large vessel following the appearance of Peter I in the city. The forces were under the command of the generals, Bernat III of
Cabrera and Hug II of Cardona, with Bernat and Gilabert de Cruilles, Bernat Margarit, and Pere Asbert as captains. The king, Peter of Aragon, took the command of
322:
on June 9. The king, Peter IV of Aragon and III of
Barcelona, who was present at the city, organized the defense, together with the counts, Bernat III of Cabrera and Hug II of Cardona. The Aragonese disposed of ten galleys, a nau, and several small craft garrisoned by companies of
517:
estuary. The
Castilians were then willing of fight, but as the Aragonese position was strong and supported by land forces, Peter I decided to sail back to Seville. Upon his arrival, Peter found that his armies had been defeated on 22 September in the largest
485:
day. Then the
Aragonese crossbowmen inflicted heavy casualties upon the Castilian seamen and soldiers, and the Aragonese artillery also caused serious damage to many ships. One of the biggest Castilian naus was hit twice by the fire of a
407:, also contributed ships to the increase in Peter's fleet. In all, the Castilian expedition numbered 128 vessels, of which twenty-eight galleys and two galiots were royal ships. Eighty others were Atlantic naus from the Cantabrian
431:
and 120 crossbowmen, along with its sailors and Peter's entourage. This fleet set sail on April and moved along the coast of
Valencia, where the Castle of Guardamar was captured. On June 9 it was within sight of Barcelona.
388:, however, held out for longer, and when a storm drove most of the Castilian fleet ashore, including six hired Genoese galleys, Peter I had to set them on fire and return to Castile through
384:
frontier war by land, in mid-1358 the naval campaign began with the landing of a
Castilian army at the Valencian town of Guardamar. Led by Peter I, they quickly occupied the town. Its
369:
and the Crown of Aragon. King Peter I of
Castile, who was present at Sanlúcar during the event, felt offended and demanded that the Genoese vessels be liberated from Perellós.
411:, while the Portuguese and the Granadines sent ten and three galleys, respectively; a Venetian nau was also hired. Peter hoisted his flag in a large nau captured from the
218:
327:, besides a line of siege weapons. Despite its inferior size, the fleet managed to repulse the Castilian attacks in a two-day battle that saw the first use of naval
349:
The "War of the Two Peters" broke out in 1356, when a squadron of nine
Aragonese galleys under Francesc de Perellós (sent by King Peter IV of Aragon to assist the
477:
and Humbert de Ballestar. Armed parties of Barcelona's civilians organized according to their office were also divided along the perimeter to support the fleet.
395:
The following year Peter of Castile organized a larger expedition. Numerous ships were built at the shipyards of Seville, and many others were requested from
469:
were installed near the shores to give additional coverage to the ships, which were reinforced by many companies of crossbowmen who had come from the
211:
427:; another was entrusted to Arias González de Valdés, while the third was overseen by García Álvarez de Toledo. The ship's crew consisted of 100
788:
457:
the fleet and detached the galleys in a line along the beach, with the huge nau in middle of the line. All the vessels were covered by a
204:
842:
837:
832:
473:
under the command of several knights including Ramón de Pujol, Ramón and Bernat Planella, Bernat de Perapetusa, Ramón Berenguer de
827:
852:
847:
283:
by order of the King of Castile, Peter I. Consisting of 128 warships including royal vessels, ships from the King of Castile's
775:
480:
According to the Castilian chronicler and captain López de Ayala, during the night the Aragoneses ran down numerous
465:", which stretched from just before the Convent of Sant Nicolau de Bari to the road of Regomir. Four machines named
867:
872:
745:
La marina de Castilla desde su origen y pugna con la de Inglaterra hasta la refundición en la Armada española
404:
423:, which had been reinforced with three castles, one of them entrusted to the chronicler and naval captain,
877:
743:
739:
857:
416:
335:
was mounted aboard the Aragonese nau and her shots heavily damaged one of the biggest naus of Peter I.
100:
445:
52:
474:
362:
862:
509:, where he placed its castle under siege. Peter IV gathered a force of 50 galleys collected from
452:
The naval forces gathered at the port of Barcelona consisted of ten well-armed galleys, several
424:
91:
489:
mounted aboard the largest Aragonese nau, which demolished its castles and left it dismasted.
502:
344:
276:
228:
25:
354:
8:
400:
310:
and knights, the Castilian fleet set sail from Seville in April. Traversing the coast of
300:
288:
95:
523:
377:
366:
292:
247:
131:
126:
104:
725:
771:
358:
296:
110:
486:
332:
176:
86:
82:
765:
754:
729:
498:
350:
311:
114:
56:
279:. A number of months beforehand, a large Castilian fleet had been assembled at
263:(June 9–11, 1359) was a naval engagement fought in the coastal region of
821:
803:
790:
440:
287:, and several others that had been sent by the Castilian-allied monarchs of
501:
to get water. There they were confronted by many peasants of Barcelona and
453:
519:
428:
324:
196:
756:
Historia del reinado de D. Pedro Primero de Castilla, llamado El Cruel
372:
510:
420:
396:
365:. At that time, the captured ships were engaged in a war against the
328:
319:
315:
275:, between the navies of the Crowns of Aragon and Castile, during the
268:
264:
48:
470:
307:
172:
412:
280:
144:
497:
The Castilian fleet divided and part of the ships headed to the
481:
389:
385:
284:
156:
150:
295:, this large fleet had been entrusted to the Genoese admiral,
514:
506:
458:
272:
306:
With Peter I also on board, as well as many distinguished
734:(in Spanish). Barcelona: Librería de Salvador Manero.
759:(in Spanish). Seville: Impr. de D. Cárlos Santigosa.
731:
La Historia de Cataluña y de la corona de Aragon, 3
505:, and Peter I reorganized his forces and sailed to
764:Villalon, L. J. Andrew; Kagay, Donald J. (2008).
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748:(in Spanish). Madrid: El. Progreso editoriral.
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299:, who was seconded by two of his relatives,
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357:) captured two ships under the flag of the
314:and forcing the surrender of the Castle of
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219:
205:
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226:
724:
708:
637:
631:
589:
566:
439:
371:
752:
696:
604:
820:
353:in their succession conflict with the
200:
13:
14:
889:
843:Naval battles of the Middle Ages
838:Naval battles involving Portugal
109:
99:
90:
81:
833:Naval battles involving Castile
767:The Hundred Years War (Part II)
828:Naval battles involving Aragon
67:Victory of the Crown of Aragon
1:
853:Military history of Catalonia
848:Military history of Barcelona
717:
405:Muhammed V, Sultan of Granada
338:
753:Montoto, José María (1847).
492:
444:Peter IV, King of Aragon by
7:
10:
894:
342:
649:Villalon & Kagay 2008
446:Manuel Aguirre y Monsalbe
435:
238:
182:
137:
120:
75:
53:Principality of Catalonia
31:
23:
18:
529:
868:14th century in Castile
740:Fernández Duro, Cesáreo
873:14th century in Aragon
449:
380:
169:several small vessels,
121:Commanders and leaders
443:
375:
363:Sanlúcar de Barrameda
345:War of the Two Peters
343:Further information:
318:, it appeared before
277:War of the Two Peters
230:War of the Two Peters
183:Casualties and losses
167:10 galleys and a nau,
26:War of the Two Peters
425:Pedro López de Ayala
355:House of Plantagenet
800: /
685:Fernández Duro 1894
673:Fernández Duro 1894
661:Fernández Duro 1894
555:Fernández Duro 1894
401:Peter I of Portugal
261:Battle of Barcelona
96:Kingdom of Portugal
19:Battle of Barcelona
878:Medieval Barcelona
804:41.4019°N 2.1667°E
450:
417:Siege of Algeciras
381:
378:Peter I of Castile
367:Republic of Venice
132:Peter IV of Aragon
127:Peter I of Castile
105:Emirate of Granada
858:Conflicts in 1359
777:978-90-04-16821-3
770:. Leiden: Brill.
359:Republic of Genoa
297:Egidio Boccanegra
256:
255:
195:
194:
71:
70:
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781:
760:
749:
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726:Balaguer, Víctor
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558:
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233:
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113:
103:
94:
87:Crown of Castile
85:
33:
32:
16:
15:
893:
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818:
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809:41.4019; 2.1667
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499:Llobregat river
495:
438:
351:House of Valois
347:
341:
303:and Bartolome.
257:
252:
234:
229:
227:
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170:
168:
160:
154:
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115:Crown of Aragon
98:
89:
59:
57:Crown of Aragon
12:
11:
5:
891:
881:
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865:
863:1359 in Europe
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689:
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609:
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571:
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533:
531:
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522:of the war at
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39:9–11 June 1359
37:
29:
28:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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747:
746:
741:
737:
733:
732:
727:
723:
722:
711:, p. 230
710:
709:Balaguer 1862
705:
699:, p. 140
698:
693:
687:, p. 116
686:
681:
675:, p. 114
674:
669:
663:, p. 112
662:
657:
651:, p. 159
650:
645:
643:
641:
634:, p. 229
633:
632:Balaguer 1862
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
607:, p. 135
606:
601:
599:
592:, p. 228
591:
590:Balaguer 1862
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
569:, p. 227
568:
567:Balaguer 1862
563:
557:, p. 115
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483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
454:sailing ships
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442:
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406:
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22:
17:
785:
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697:Montoto 1847
692:
680:
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605:Montoto 1847
562:
496:
479:
466:
462:
451:
408:
399:. The king,
394:
392:, defeated.
382:
348:
305:
260:
258:
242:
162:
76:Belligerents
807: /
520:land battle
429:men-at-arms
415:during the
325:crossbowmen
822:Categories
792:41°24′07″N
718:References
475:Vilafranca
463:Las Tascas
461:known as "
339:Background
795:2°10′00″E
511:Collioure
493:Aftermath
421:Alfonso X
397:Cantabria
376:The king
329:artillery
320:Barcelona
316:Guardamar
269:Catalonia
265:Barcelona
243:Barcelona
173:catapults
49:Barcelona
742:(1894).
728:(1862).
524:Araviana
503:Sant Boi
467:brigoles
413:Marinids
312:Valencia
308:noblemen
301:Ambrogio
289:Portugal
248:Araviana
177:bombards
171:several
138:Strength
44:Location
24:Part of
487:bombard
482:anchors
448:(1885).
333:bombard
293:Granada
285:vassals
281:Seville
191:Unknown
188:Unknown
157:galiots
151:galleys
774:
471:Vallès
436:Battle
409:Villas
403:, and
390:Murcia
386:castle
163:lleños
64:Result
530:Notes
515:Denia
507:Ibiza
459:shoal
361:near
273:Spain
772:ISBN
331:: a
291:and
259:The
175:and
145:naus
36:Date
419:by
149:41
143:81
824::
639:^
612:^
597:^
574:^
537:^
526:.
271:,
267:,
161:3
155:3
55:,
51:,
780:.
220:e
213:t
206:v
159:,
153:,
147:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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