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historical and anthropological collection, when Sonja Bata began to collect shoes from local populations where Bata factories were displacing local footwear, in an attempt to preserve and document shoes that were being replaced. The museum presently acquires items for its collection through auction, donations from other collectors, field work, or private vendors. The museum acts to conserve but not restore shoes, preventing ongoing deterioration, but not removing signs of wear or replace missing parts. The following is a part of the museum's philosophy in which it sees worn footwear as having significant cultural meaning. The museum does not restore its older, or heavily damaged pieces it acquires, instead treating it to preserve their present condition, and to prevent further deterioration.
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footwear and professionally manage the collection. Although the organization shared the same name as the Bata company, the foundation was established as a non-profit entity, legally separate from the Bata company. The foundation operated as a privately funded organization, as Sonja Bata opposed the creation of an institution reliant on public funds. The foundation (and later museum) is primarily funded from a trust created by the Batas' personal wealth.
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482:, provides a historical survey of footwear throughout history and includes interactive displays that highlight the social significance of shoes and their development from various cultures. The exhibition also features exhibits that examine the development of shoe-making technologies, with mini dioramas of shoe-making workshops throughout history with supplementary text and video.
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forms a major portion of the museum's collection. Approximately four per cent of the museum's collection is on display, with the remaining items kept in storage. Stored items are placed in one of two subterranean vaults. In addition to the vaults, the museum also places several "stored items" in cube
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The interior of the structure is organized into three sections moving east to west, and spread across five floors. In addition to exhibit halls, the building also includes a gift shop, lecture theatre, and reception hall. The floors in the museum's lower levels are made of dark-coloured woods, shaped
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as the project's lead. Moriyama was inspired to shape the building like the boxes used to store and protect the Batas' footwear collection when he viewed them in 1978. The three-storey building's roof is tilted, designed to appear as a lid sitting slightly askew atop a shoe box. The building utilizes
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council proposed the foundation drop the name Bata from the name of the museum, although Sonja Bata refused and abandoned plans to build the museum at
Harbourfront. The collection was first publicly displayed in Toronto in 1992 at the Colonnade retail complex. The foundation contracted Moriyama &
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The exhibits were devised by
Montreal-based design firm Design+Communication Ltd., who designed the exhibits with the shoes placed close to the viewer, with monochromatic images of social life to provide context to the shoe's historical use. Larger architectural images intended to evoke the temporal
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By the late 1970s, the personal collection had grown to 1,500 pairs of shoes, overcrowding the company's storerooms. At the suggestion of a friend and anthropologist, Sonja Bata provided an endowment to establish the Bata Shoe Museum
Foundation in 1979; an organization that would fund research into
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to let in light from the windows above. The stairway spans five floors in total, including two below ground. A 12.8-metre-high (42 ft) stained glass panel in shoe-like shapes sits atop the building's central staircase. The building's leather-clad reception desk is also designed to appear as a
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on 6 May 1995. The coat of arms uses the official colours of the institution, blue and gold, and features a triangular division placed along the position of the thongs found on most sandals. The boot featured on the arms represents all footwear, whereas the two keys is a common symbol in
Canadian
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The collection was initially intended to serve as a "working collection" for the Bata family, in which shoe making techniques could be learned. Techniques and designs from shoes collected were used to mimic traditional styles found in local markets. However, the scope was later expanded to be a
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As of 2018, the museum's permanent collection includes over 13,000 shoes, and other footwear related items dating back 4,500 years; providing the museum with the largest collection of footwear in the world. Items in the museum's collection are either held in storage, or placed on display in its
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is held each
November and is a public event featuring an internationally recognized leading thinker engaged with the convergence of culture and society. The museum also hosts shoemakers from around the world to demonstrate shoe-making techniques to the public, in an attempt to counteract the
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As of April 2018, the museum's permanent collection includes over 13,000 shoes and related items dating back 4,500 years; providing the institution with the world's largest, and comprehensive collection of items entirely devoted to footwear, and shoes.
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The museum organizes lectures, performances, and social evenings, often with an ethnocultural focus or community partner. Events often illuminate a personal connection or a cultural context in which footwear was created. An annual lecture series,
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in 1946, and their subsequent move to
Toronto. The Bata family moved to Toronto in the 1940s in order to facilitate the company's expansion into Toronto and the Americas. In 1965, the company's headquarters was formally relocated from
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Teshima
Architects to design a museum to house the collection, which was opened to the public on 6 May 1995. The cost to construct the building was not disclosed by the Bata family or the foundation, although estimates reported to be
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cultural provenance of the shoes are also displayed behind these exhibits. Lighting in the exhibition is subdued, in an effort to protect the collection from deterioration. Shoes are typically displayed on a low-rising
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The collection is organized into several cultural and geographic areas including Africa, China, India, Japan, Korea, Latin
America, the Middle East, indigenous North American, and the circumpolar region. Footwear from
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In 2018, nearly 9,000 students visited the museum for school related excursions. The museum has organized themed family activities. The museum holds an annual "Warm the Sole Sock Drive" fundraiser, which begins on
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The Bata Shoe Museum conducts and sponsors research into understanding the role of footwear in cultural and social life. The Bata Shoe Museum
Foundation has funded field trips to collect and research footwear in
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most of the property's area, due to local zoning by-laws restricting the height of the building to 13.4 metres (44 ft). The building exterior is made out of smooth, angle canted limestone quarried from
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The museum has organized and hosted a number of temporary, and travelling exhibitions in its other exhibition galleries. The museum hosted its first three temporary exhibitions in May 1995. These included
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neighbourhood of
Toronto were suggested, but were both rejected. Bata initially made a bid to build the museum at Harbourfront, although it faced public protest. In a conciliatory gesture, the
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The following was the year the Bata Shoe Museum Foundation was officially established. A permanent facility for the museum was not opened to the public until 6 May 1995.
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is an exhibition component that examines the development of fashion shoes during the 20th century, and the emergence of footwear as a major fashion accessory.
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In addition to physical exhibitions held inside its building, the museum also operates online exhibitions, including an online component to the museum's
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The smallest shoes typically on display in the permanent exhibition are 7.6 centimetres (3 in) Chinese shoes made for women who had their
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that draws visitors' eyes to their own feet. The building's main hall features a central stairwell ornate with bronze medallions cast by
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The museum is located in a 3,665-square-metre (39,450 sq ft) building at the southwest corner of St. George Street and
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279:. The 3,665-square-metre (39,450 sq ft) museum building was designed by Moriyama & Teshima Architects, with
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Since its establishment, the foundation set out to find a building to house the collection, exhibit footwear, and house
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component of the exhibition is where shoes, and other items from the museum's collection are placed on display.
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The museum's oldest piece of footwear from Europe are a pair of sandals, worn by a shepherd from the Tyrolian
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A 12.8-metre-high (42 ft) stained glass panel in shoe-like shapes sits atop the building's central staircase.
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examines purpose-built, specialized footwear including French chestnut-crushing clogs, and sumo wrestler's
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402:'s St. George campus. Prior to the museum occupying the site, a gas station was situated on the property.
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The museum building contains four exhibition galleries, used to exhibit the permanent, and temporary and
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of the arms is animal skin, defaced with a knife, representing two materials used for shoe-making.
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Per chevron Or and Azure in chief two keys wards upwards to the dexter Azure and in base a boot Or
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fibres. The museum also holds a collection of shoes worn by notable individuals, including
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cases situated in public areas of the museum, serving as a form of "visible storage".
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Art & Innovation: Traditional Arctic Footwear from the Bata Shoe Museum Collection
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One, Two, Buckle My Shoe: Illustrations from Contemporary Children's Books about Shoes
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permanent exhibition. The museum also hosts and organizes a number of temporary and
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Watched by Heaven, Tied to Earth: Summoning Animal Protection for Chinese Children
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Every Step a Lotus: Shoes in the Lives of Chinese Women from Late Imperial China
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The museum's collection of footwear originated from the personal collections of
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making. The following is a sample of temporary exhibitions held at the museum:
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Dressed to Impress Footwear and consumerism in the 1980s held in early 2024
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A full skin Or edged and charged with a round knife blade upwards Azure
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The lower level of the museum holds the museum's permanent exhibition,
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of the Beta Shoe Museum Foundation were formally registered with the
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The museum's collection originated from the personal collections of
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Collected in the Field: Shoemaking Traditions from Around the World
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1899:"Step back in time and broaden your sole at the Bata Shoe Museum"
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Icons of Elegance: Influential Shoe Designers of the 20th century
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The building's glass entrance protrudes from the limestone facade
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Brydon, Anne (1998). "Out of Step: Toronto's Bata Shoe Museum".
1394:"Sonja Bata, founder of Bata Shoe Museum in Toronto, dead at 91"
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The Charm of Rococo: Femininity and Footwear of the 18th century
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1087:), is featured on the museums arms. The motto is attributed to
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Fashion Victims: The Pleasures and Perils of 19th Century Dress
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455:. The museum presently operates only one permanent exhibition,
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research centres. Early proposals to build the museum near the
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to Toronto (the company's headquarters was later relocated to
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Loose Tongues and Lost Soles: Shoes in Cartoon and Caricature
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318:. Sonja began collecting shoes shortly after her marriage to
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The Gold Standard: Glittering Footwear From Around the Globe
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Paths Across the Plains: Native Footwear of the Great Plains
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Footsteps on the Sacred Earth: Southwestern Native Footwear
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1760:"On canadian Grounds: Stories of Footwear in Early Canada"
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an exhibition that focused on footwear in literature; and
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Dressed to Impress: Footwear and Consumerism in the 1980s
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On a Pedestal: From Renaissance Chopines to Baroque Heels
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Cooper, Wendy (1999). "The Bata Shoe Museum, Toronto".
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The arms of the Bata Shoe Museum Foundation consist of:
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Beauty, Identity, Pride: Native North American Footwear
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The Gentle Step – The Ladies Realm of Fashion 1800–1900
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has also hosted online exhibits created by the Museum.
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Material Culture Review/Revue de la culture matérielle
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The Great Divide: Footwear in the Age of Enlightenment
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Tradition and Innovation: Northern Athapaskan Footwear
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1400:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 February 2018
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Footwear Fantasia: Shoe Sculptures by Garry Greenwood
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Public Register of Arms, Flags and Badges of Canada
854:Future Now: Virtual Sneakers to Cutting-Edge Kicks
812:Standing Tall: The Curious History of Men in Heels
716:Heights of Fashion: A History of the Elevated Foot
498:Behind the Scenes: A Glimpse into Artifact Storage
362:In January 2006, a pair of jewel-encrusted Indian
704:Paduka: Feet and Footwear in the Indian Tradition
692:Japanese Footgear: Walking the Path of Innovation
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824:WANT: Desire, Design and Depression Era Footwear
782:The Roaring 20's: Hemlines, Heels and High Hopes
668:The Taming of the Shoe: From Attic to Exhibition
1502:"Hunt on for stolen Bata Shoe Museum artifacts"
891:sealskin boots and shoe-making tools on display
842:All Dolled Up: Fashioning Cultural Expectations
680:Little Feats: A Celebration of Children's Shoes
603:LeBron 6 Stewie Griffin, on exhibit during the
496:The exhibition is made up of three components,
2721:Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine
1996:"Out of the box at Toronto's Bata Shoe Museum"
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1532:"Gumshoes crack case of stolen Bata slippers"
860:Obsessed: How Shoes Became Objects of Desire
800:Out of the Box: The Rise of Sneaker Culture
605:Out of the Box: The Rise of Sneaker Culture
31:The museum building on Bloor Street in 2023
16:Footwear museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2130:Feet and Footwear: A Cultural Encyclopedia
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1766:. Virtual Museum of Canada. Archived from
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533:, typically built from blonde maple wood.
457:All About Shoes: Footwear Through the Ages
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1034:displacement of local shoe-making forms.
698:Herbert and Beth Levine: An American Pair
1666:. Bata Shoe Museum. 2020. Archived from
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2686:International Wooden Shoe Museum Eelde
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752:On Pointe: The Rise of the Ballet Shoe
722:The Perfect Pair: Wedding Shoe Stories
632:Shoe Dreams: Designs by Andrea Pfister
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1023:Canadian Heritage Information Network
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1226:. Bata Shoe Museum. 2019. p. 16
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2696:Ry Municipality Wooden Shoes Museum
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1564:. Moriyama & Teshima Architects
874:(On view starting November 1, 2023)
788:Roger Vivier: Process to Perfection
478:The museum's permanent exhibition,
398:, near the northwest corner of the
13:
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1365:"Tribute:A boy, a company, a town"
14:
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2783:Postmodern architecture in Canada
2147:
1336:Wickens, Barbara (4 March 2015).
1095:Coat of arms of Bata Shoe Museum
770:Socks: Between You and Your Shoes
177:Moriyama & Teshima Architects
57:Location of the museum in Toronto
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2396:Museums and galleries in Toronto
1705:"Bata Shoe Museum: Architecture"
1500:Puzic, Sonja (25 January 2006).
866:In Bloom: Flowers & Footwear
818:Manolo Blahnik: The Art of Shoes
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2014:
1987:
1897:Connor, Kevin (28 April 2018).
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1246:"Contact Info & Staff List"
2798:1995 establishments in Ontario
2763:1979 establishments in Ontario
2063:The Governor General of Canada
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263:) is a museum of footwear and
1:
2591:Canadian Air and Space Museum
2300:Tomas Bata University in Zlín
2059:"Bata Shoe Museum Foundation"
1363:Fielding, John (3 May 2016).
1175:
2726:Vreden Miniature Shoe Museum
1994:Fox, Jim (15 January 2014).
1530:Frisen, Joe (4 March 2006).
1019:Canadian Museums Association
359:8 million to C$ 12 million.
7:
2803:Museums established in 1995
2773:Museums established in 1979
2515:Black Creek Pioneer Village
2448:Ripley's Aquarium of Canada
1138:
1037:
586:Inuit Boots: A Woman's Art,
438:; and circles cut into the
410:station from the building.
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314:shoe company originated by
10:
2824:
2788:Raymond Moriyama buildings
2701:Kumla Shoe Industry Museum
2489:Museum of Contemporary Art
2484:Koffler Centre of the Arts
2404:List of museums in Toronto
1369:The Kingston Whig Standard
1150:List of museums in Toronto
1068:heraldry for museums. The
614:Inuit Boots: A Women's Art
466:permanent exhibition. The
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2663:
2583:
2540:First Toronto Post Office
2507:
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1342:The Canadian Encyclopedia
920:Silk-satin shoes worn by
776:Art in Shoes/Shoes in Art
582:One, Two, Buckle My Shoe,
298:, and outreach programs.
275:'s St. George campus, in
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182:
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80:
65:
36:
24:
2458:Textile Museum of Canada
2428:Canadian Language Museum
2028:. Bata Shoe Museum. 2020
1951:. Bata Shoe Museum. 2020
1863:. Bata Shoe Museum. 2020
1822:. Bata Shoe Museum. 2020
1740:. Bata Shoe Museum. 2020
1538:. The Woodbridge Company
1508:. The Woodbridge Company
1338:"Bata Shoe Museum Opens"
1252:. Bata Shoe Museum. 2020
1220:"BSM 2018 Annual Review"
1155:
644:Dance! – Minuet to Disco
468:Virtual Museum of Canada
443:shoe from the stairway.
2612:Toronto Maritime Museum
2128:DeMello, Margo (2009).
2002:. Postmedia Network Inc
1905:. Postmedia Network Inc
1371:. Postmedia Network Inc
1054:
588:which focused on Inuit
430:in diamond parquets, a
283:as the lead architect.
2602:McLaughlin Planetarium
2474:Art Gallery of Ontario
2443:Ontario Science Centre
2325:Bata Shoes Head Office
1145:Bata Shoes Head Office
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925:
892:
608:
572:
557:
493:
453:travelling exhibitions
391:
383:
344:Ontario Science Centre
296:travelling exhibitions
2676:German Leather Museum
1660:"Exhibition Overview"
1031:The Founder's Lecture
1004:Research and programs
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887:
607:travelling exhibition
598:
569:travelling exhibition
563:
555:
548:Temporary exhibitions
488:
400:University of Toronto
389:
381:
273:University of Toronto
183:Public transit access
121:43.66722°N 79.40028°W
84:327 Bloor Street West
2691:Marikina Shoe Museum
2453:Royal Ontario Museum
2100:10.1353/aq.1998.0041
1734:"Online Exhibitions"
1085:Per Saecula Gradatim
1075:The museum's motto,
880:Permanent collection
474:Permanent exhibition
352:Metropolitan Toronto
168:Elizabeth Semmelhack
2716:Tampere Shoe Museum
2607:Museum of Inuit Art
2535:Enoch Turner School
2438:Hockey Hall of Fame
1670:on 27 February 2020
1096:
436:Dora de Pedery-Hunt
126:43.66722; -79.40028
117: /
21:
2778:Museums in Toronto
2681:German Shoe Museum
2088:American Quarterly
1857:"Past Exhibitions"
1714:. Bata Shoe Museum
1558:"Bata Shoe Museum"
1536:The Globe and Mail
1506:The Globe and Mail
1344:. Historica Canada
1130:One Step at a Time
1094:
1077:One step at a time
1045:World Kindness Day
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513:What's Their Line?
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404:St. George station
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2320:Bata shoe factory
2309:Former properties
2295:Baťa's Skyscraper
2233:Associated places
2139:978-0-3133-5715-2
2026:batashoemuseum.ca
1949:batashoemuseum.ca
1861:batashoemuseum.ca
1820:batashoemuseum.ca
1816:"All About Shoes"
1738:batashoemuseum.ca
1712:batashoemuseum.ca
1664:batashoemuseum.ca
1250:batashoemuseum.ca
1136:
1135:
674:Spirit of Siberia
564:Exhibits for the
523:Behind the Scenes
506:What's Their Line
413:The three-storey
396:Bloor Street West
366:slippers used by
253:
252:
2815:
2768:Bata Corporation
2671:Bata Shoe Museum
2647:
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2560:Montgomery's Inn
2494:The Image Centre
2479:Gallery Arcturus
2423:Bata Shoe Museum
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2350:Bata Shoe Museum
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2214:Jan Antonín Baťa
2194:Bata Corporation
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2158:
2156:Official website
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2018:
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1770:on 21 March 2020
1764:virtualmuseum.ca
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1089:Robertson Davies
1049:Bank of Montreal
990:Elizabeth Taylor
419:Raymond Moriyama
415:Deconstructivist
281:Raymond Moriyama
277:downtown Toronto
257:Bata Shoe Museum
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2575:Todmorden Mills
2555:Mackenzie House
2503:
2499:The Power Plant
2462:
2433:Gardiner Museum
2418:Aga Khan Museum
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2329:
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2080:Further reading
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2019:
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910:northern Canada
882:
877:
578:The Gentle Step
550:
491:All About Shoes
480:All About Shoes
476:
464:All About Shoes
449:
406:is the closest
376:
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245:.batashoemuseum
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2742:Design museums
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2565:Riverdale Farm
2562:
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2532:
2530:Colborne Lodge
2527:
2522:
2520:Campbell House
2517:
2511:
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2508:Historic sites
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2219:Thomas J. Bata
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2148:External links
2146:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2125:
2112:
2094:(4): 809–830.
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2039:
2013:
1986:
1984:, p. 817.
1974:
1962:
1945:"Conservation"
1933:
1916:
1886:
1884:, p. 823.
1874:
1845:
1833:
1796:
1781:
1751:
1725:
1693:
1681:
1651:
1649:, p. 815.
1630:
1628:, p. 816.
1611:
1592:
1590:, p. 813.
1575:
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1519:
1492:
1490:, p. 814.
1471:
1469:, p. 809.
1459:
1457:, p. 824.
1444:
1442:, p. 828.
1432:
1411:
1382:
1355:
1309:
1284:
1282:, p. 811.
1263:
1237:
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1204:, p. 812.
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998:Queen Victoria
994:Pierre Trudeau
986:Robert Redford
974:Marilyn Monroe
946:Pierce Brosnan
922:Queen Victoria
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566:Out of the Box
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408:Toronto subway
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320:Thomas J. Bata
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1972:, p. 75.
1971:
1966:
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1930:
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982:Elvis Presley
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950:Roger Federer
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2793:Shoe museums
2670:
2664:Shoe museums
2550:Gibson House
2422:
2349:
2240:Anaurilândia
2132:. ABC-CLIO.
2129:
2120:
2116:
2091:
2087:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:
2030:. Retrieved
2025:
2022:"Step Ahead"
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1999:
1989:
1977:
1965:
1953:. Retrieved
1948:
1929:DeMello 2009
1907:. Retrieved
1902:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1860:
1836:
1824:. Retrieved
1819:
1772:. Retrieved
1768:the original
1763:
1754:
1742:. Retrieved
1737:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1711:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:the original
1663:
1654:
1566:. Retrieved
1561:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1535:
1510:. Retrieved
1505:
1495:
1462:
1435:
1428:DeMello 2009
1402:. Retrieved
1397:
1373:. Retrieved
1368:
1358:
1346:. Retrieved
1341:
1254:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1223:
1164:
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1074:
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1007:
932:around 5200
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2711:SONS Museum
2280:Partizánske
2201:Bata family
2123:(1): 71–77.
2000:Toronto Sun
1982:Brydon 1998
1970:Cooper 1999
1903:Toronto Sun
1882:Brydon 1998
1841:Cooper 1999
1792:Cooper 1999
1689:Cooper 1999
1647:Brydon 1998
1626:Brydon 1998
1607:Cooper 1999
1588:Brydon 1998
1488:Brydon 1998
1467:Brydon 1998
1455:Brydon 1998
1440:Brydon 1998
1305:Cooper 1999
1280:Brydon 1998
1202:Brydon 1998
966:John Lennon
766:(2009–2010)
754:(2008–2009)
748:(2006–2008)
742:(2006–2007)
736:(2005–2007)
730:(2004–2005)
724:(2002–2004)
706:(1999–2000)
700:(1999–1999)
694:(1999–2000)
688:(1998–1999)
682:(1998–1999)
676:(1997–1998)
670:(1997–1998)
658:(1997–1999)
646:(1997–1999)
640:(1996–1997)
634:(1996–1997)
628:(1995–1997)
622:(1995–1996)
616:(1995–1996)
447:Exhibitions
124: /
99:Coordinates
66:Established
2757:Categories
2597:CBC Museum
2250:Bataguassu
2224:Sonja Bata
2208:Tomáš Baťa
2068:2024-08-16
1562:mtarch.com
1176:References
1121:Escutcheon
962:Karen Kain
958:Elton John
940:made from
924:on display
599:A pair of
538:feet bound
340:calceology
331:in 2002).
316:Tomáš Baťa
308:Sonja Bata
288:Sonja Bata
265:calceology
215:St. George
159:Sonja Bata
141:Calceology
112:79°24′01″W
109:43°40′02″N
2545:Fort York
2525:Casa Loma
2467:Galleries
2345:4318 Baťa
2260:Batanagar
2255:Batayporã
2210:(founder)
2108:145317994
954:Terry Fox
346:, or the
173:Architect
2808:Footwear
2706:ShoeZeum
2245:Batadorp
2032:20 March
2006:20 March
1955:22 March
1909:20 March
1867:20 March
1826:20 March
1774:20 March
1744:20 March
1718:20 March
1674:18 March
1568:20 March
1542:20 March
1512:20 March
1404:20 March
1398:CBC News
1375:19 March
1348:18 March
1230:3 August
1139:See also
1038:Outreach
978:Napoleon
374:Building
329:Lausanne
147:Visitors
93:, Canada
81:Location
2735:Related
2657:museums
2593:(moved)
2411:Museums
2338:Related
2265:Batapur
1256:8 March
970:Madonna
938:Anasazi
542:Laetoli
302:History
269:Toronto
238:Website
200:Spadina
165:Curator
155:Founder
91:Ontario
87:Toronto
71: (
2584:Closed
2275:Borovo
2270:Batawa
2136:
2106:
1015:Europe
996:, and
908:, and
868:(2023)
862:(2023)
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826:(2018)
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664:(1997)
656:Dance!
652:(1997)
590:mukluk
504:, and
364:majori
229:
225:
2104:S2CID
1708:(PDF)
1156:Notes
1127:Motto
1115:Crest
1109:Notes
1081:Latin
1070:crest
942:yucca
889:Inuit
424:Lyons
2654:Shoe
2290:Zlín
2285:Svit
2134:ISBN
2034:2020
2008:2020
1957:2020
1911:2020
1869:2020
1828:2020
1776:2020
1746:2020
1720:2020
1676:2020
1570:2020
1544:2020
1514:2020
1406:2020
1377:2020
1350:2020
1258:2020
1232:2019
1079:(or
1061:arms
1059:The
1055:Arms
1011:Asia
930:Alps
601:Nike
531:dais
521:The
518:geta
325:Zlín
312:Bata
255:The
137:Type
73:1979
69:1979
2096:doi
357:C$
267:in
261:BSM
247:.ca
243:www
227:510
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