1583:. The dependent form is used in temporal clauses ("at that time when he did the work..."), relative clauses ("the work which the man did"), clefts ("it was yesterday he did the work"), and certain types of question ("who is it that you saw?"), which are expressed as a type of relative clause. However, when the head noun is the subject of the relative clause (e.g. "the man who did the work"), the independent form of the verb is used. The dependent form of the verb differs from the independent form in that it always has a high tone on the prefix, and it also usually has a high-toned suffix
278:
1075:. Typically nouns belong to classes 1 to 10, but there are also some nouns in classes 13, 14, and 19. Singular and plural classes are paired together to make "genders". Classes 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 13 are generally plurals of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 19 respectively, but other pairings are found. Some nouns have no singular-plural distinction and occur in only one class.
1609:
Auxiliary verbs are very common in
Manenguba languages; Akoose has about 70 such verbs. These express meanings such as "he is in the process of (doing)", "he was the first (to do)", "he has finished (doing)", "he was quick (to do)", "he is accustomed (to do)" and so on, which in other languages might
984:
The
Manenguba languages are tonal. All the languages have a very similar tonal system. There are high tones (H), low tones (L), and contour tones (rising and falling). These are written á, a, ă, and â respectively, or in long vowels áá, aa, aá, and áa. Syllabic m and n can sometimes carry a tone, for
509:
in 1854. He called the language itself Mokō, like Hannah Kilham, and the three dialects
Ngoteng, Melong, and Nhālemōe. The first two of these dialects appear to be from the Eastern cluster, perhaps Mwahed, Mkaa' or Belon, while the third is from the Western cluster, and is close to Akoose, Ninong, or
308:
Another name, "Ngoe", was proposed by
Erhardt Voeltz c.1975, after the name of the legendary ancestor of some of the tribes. However, this name also has not gained acceptance, since not all the Manenguba tribes consider him to be their ancestor; in particular, the Mbo consider that they are descended
426:
The languages of the
Eastern Cluster are closely related and can be considered as dialects of the same language, although they have no common name. In the Western Cluster, most of the languages are also closely related, although Mbo of Ekanang, situated on the north-east side of the mountain, stands
304:
in 1953, following the generalised use of the term by G. Tessmann in 1932. However, the name Mbo properly applies only to dialects in the north and north-east area of the region and is found objectionable by
Manenguba speakers from other areas. It therefore seems unsatisfactory as a designation for
530:
The various
Manenguba dialects differ slightly in their phonology. For example, in several, the original sound /f/ has become /h/, while in others it remains /f/. The Akoose and Mbo dialects may be taken as representative of the languages as a whole. They both have the following consonants:
1008:
in which in a sequence H H, the second H is slightly lower than the first, probably because historically an intervening L syllable was absorbed or dropped. A downstepped H is written ā in
Hedinger (2016). In a long vowel, H and downstepped H can make a contour tone, for example
297:(1919). Johnston divided the languages into three groups: (a) Balung-Bafo (including Melong); (b) Bakosi (including Nkosi and Nhaalemooe); and (c) Bangtangte (including Ngoten). However, Balung-Bafo is no longer considered part of the Manenguba group.
1378:
In
Mwaneka, on the other hand, the particle is omitted, but, except following a noun of class 1 or class 9, generally leaves a trace in the form of a high tone. This high tone sometimes affects the first of the two nouns, and sometimes the second:
442:, Hedinger found that Lekongo has around 50% of core vocabulary shared with the Manenguba languages, whereas amongst the Manenguba languages themselves as defined above around 67%–95% of core vocabulary is shared between one language and another.
481:, in 1828. She collected vocabularies of up to 79 words in 30 different African languages, one of which, called Moko, with 67 words, has been identified as a Manenguba dialect of the Eastern cluster, perhaps Mwahed, Mkaa', Belon, or Babong.
268:
According to
Hedinger (1984a), there are at least 23 different Manenguba languages and dialects. The best known of these, and the first to have a grammar written for it, is Akoose, spoken in a wide area to the west of the mountain.
438:), spoken in a region between the North-West Group and the North-East Group, on the grounds that its vocabulary has few words in common with the other languages. Using a modified version of the 100-word and 200-word
1417:
A locative marker which resembles a class 5 prefix but with a high tone can be prefixed to nouns of any class. In this case concordial markers change to take the concords of class 5. An example from Akoose is:
265:, Elung, Nninong, Mousmenam, Manengouba, Bareko, Manehas, Bakaka, Balondo, Babong and Bafun. The population speaking the Manenguba languages was estimated in 1984 to be about 230,000 people.
1078:
The class of a noun can often be judged from its prefix. The prefix may differ depending on whether the root starts with a consonant or a vowel; for example, in Akoose, class 5 starts with
3500:
1517:
forms of the verb have a prefix indicating the person "I, you (sg), he/she, we, you (pl), they" or agreeing with the noun-class of the subject. In addition, Akoose has a prefix
434:
included in Guthrie zone A.15 for cultural reasons needs to be excluded from Manenguba on linguistic grounds; Maho (2009) separates it as A.141. Hedinger also excludes Lekongo (
1610:
be expressed by adverbs such as "at present", "first", "already", "quickly", or "always". Auxiliary verbs are followed by the infinitive. The following example is from Akoose:
1349:) which joins together two nouns to make a noun phrase or compound noun. This particle agrees in class with the first of the two nouns. The following examples are from Akoose:
1602:(Akoose). Before the verb stem there is usually an infix as well, which varies according to the tense. In the subjunctive and imperative, the negative suffix is
3493:
3364:
1640:
1576:, the prefixes for "I, you (sg), he/she", "we two", and the class 1 and class 9 prefixes, all have a low tone, but all the others have a high tone.
2265:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
3486:
2307:
1910:
132:
4729:
3514:
1271:) "of" must all agree with the class of the noun they refer to, by the use of the appropriate prefixes. For example, the Akoose word
223:
1265:
As with other Bantu languages, adjectives, pronouns, numerals 1 to 5, demonstratives, verbs, and the associative marker (in Akoose
1036:"five" has a falling tone. Tones also have a grammatical function in verbs; for example, in Akoose, the word for "he has thrown" is
1772:
3469:
920:
It is also common for consonants to be preceded by a syllabic nasal at the beginning of a word, producing combinations such as
1645:. Association des étudiants mboó de l’Université de Yaoundé. (Describes the Baneka/Mwaneka dialect of the Eastern cluster.)
495:
A more extensive record of 280 Manenguba words and phrases, in three different dialects, was made by the German missionary
2300:
513:
The first descriptive grammar of a Manenguba language was made by the German missionary Heinrich Dorsch, who published a
4781:
1946:
973:
All the vowels can be both long or short, although some dialects lack a distinction between some of the long vowels.
261:
The people speaking the various Manenguba languages belong to the following tribes or nations: Mienge, Mbo, Basossi,
1938:
Status, functions, and prospects of Pidgin English: an empirical approach to language dynamics in Cameroon, Volume 1
485:
3478:
2154:
In Baneka the marker is omitted except for a change of tone according to class: Hedinger et al. (1981), pp. 35–5.
1456:"wash" (high tone). The root can be extended by one of a number of verbal extensions. For example, from the root
965:
In Akoose there are eight vowels (though these are believed to derive from seven vowels in the proto-language):
4786:
2293:
492:, published in 1848. It contains words in ten dialects which appear to be Manenguba or closely related to it.
1004:; that is, in a sequence H L H, the second H is slightly lower than the first. In some words there is also
103:
948:
944:
940:
909:
882:
878:
874:
870:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
836:
832:
828:
814:
801:
796:
791:
773:
753:
733:
719:
710:
689:
684:
679:
674:
660:
654:
648:
643:
629:
622:
617:
613:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
484:
Another collection of vocabularies (but each containing only a very few words) was made by a missionary
2402:
458:
123:
3803:
3626:
3058:
2863:
2468:
113:
108:
97:
3856:
3844:
3838:
3143:
3013:
2978:
2753:
2518:
1914:
17:
4046:
3762:
3750:
3744:
3068:
2873:
2813:
2788:
2453:
2376:
1086:
for a vowel stem. Nouns with the suffix -ɛ in Akoose belong to classes 1/2, whatever the prefix.
321:
linguist Robert Hedinger (1984a) showed that the various languages can be classified as follows:
4322:
1652:
A Comparative-Historical Study of the Manenguba languages (Bantu A.15, Mbo Cluster) of Cameroon
1444:
Verbal roots are divided into two classes, bearing high and low tone respectively, e.g. Akoose
4732:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
4452:
1062:
4720:
4524:
4518:
4488:
4482:
4198:
4180:
4174:
4168:
3567:
3549:
3343:
3233:
3133:
2663:
2463:
2316:
1936:
786:
431:
62:
1579:
Every finite verb has two forms, one used in main clauses and the other in certain types of
1072:
4446:
3369:
3338:
3278:
2688:
8:
4476:
4470:
3435:
3138:
3003:
2593:
824:
505:
4542:
4536:
4530:
4512:
4506:
4500:
4494:
4228:
3158:
3083:
3073:
3038:
2938:
2488:
539:
2618:
2010:
1689:
213:
4246:
4222:
4004:
3998:
3440:
3093:
3023:
2933:
2853:
2683:
2498:
1942:
559:
549:
544:
118:
3218:
2124:
817:/ is written as "j" in Hedinger et al. (1981), but as "ch" in Hedinger (ed) (2016).
277:
4393:
4186:
4028:
4016:
3797:
3774:
3768:
3573:
3555:
3445:
3430:
3410:
3400:
3395:
3385:
3118:
3103:
3078:
3033:
2973:
2908:
2763:
2563:
2558:
2478:
2458:
2412:
2386:
2335:
1656:
1580:
976:
In Hedinger (2016), the long vowels are written double: "ii ee ɛɛ aa əə ɔɔ oo uu".
766:
496:
446:
435:
251:
3508:
2878:
2838:
4649:
4607:
4601:
4548:
4411:
4346:
4287:
4234:
4192:
4075:
4022:
4010:
3992:
3986:
3962:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3720:
3510:
3450:
3425:
3420:
3405:
3390:
3348:
3323:
3303:
3298:
3268:
3263:
3228:
3203:
3198:
3163:
3148:
3113:
3088:
3053:
3048:
3008:
2998:
2993:
2983:
2968:
2948:
2918:
2898:
2888:
2868:
2858:
2848:
2843:
2793:
2783:
2698:
2633:
2613:
2553:
2548:
2528:
2503:
2483:
2417:
2366:
2330:
1484:
1068:
554:
454:
450:
301:
128:
89:
3791:
2648:
2275:
900:
At the beginning of a word, certain consonants can be combined with /w/, as in
820:
The glottal stop /ʔ/ is written as " ' ". It is found only at the end of words.
4713:
4692:
4637:
4631:
4625:
4619:
4613:
4595:
4583:
4566:
4560:
4554:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4405:
4399:
4387:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4340:
4334:
4316:
4293:
4281:
4269:
4263:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4058:
4052:
4034:
3974:
3927:
3874:
3815:
3809:
3756:
3726:
3714:
3697:
3691:
3679:
3673:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3543:
3537:
3455:
3415:
3328:
3313:
3308:
3283:
3253:
3248:
3223:
3213:
3183:
3178:
3168:
3153:
3123:
3043:
3018:
2988:
2958:
2953:
2928:
2923:
2913:
2893:
2833:
2768:
2748:
2743:
2728:
2718:
2713:
2693:
2678:
2673:
2658:
2643:
2603:
2578:
2543:
2533:
2508:
2448:
2443:
2433:
2361:
2351:
2280:
2270:
1569:
makes it clear that the second "he" refers to the speaker, not another person.
402:
290:
262:
247:
58:
1750:
1736:
1722:
1708:
4775:
4686:
4680:
4674:
4667:
4661:
4655:
4643:
4589:
4381:
4328:
4299:
4275:
4240:
4162:
4093:
4040:
3980:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3891:
3868:
3862:
3738:
3732:
3685:
3667:
3661:
3655:
3638:
3632:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3333:
3318:
3293:
3288:
3273:
3238:
3193:
3173:
3128:
3108:
3098:
3063:
3028:
2963:
2943:
2883:
2823:
2818:
2808:
2798:
2778:
2773:
2758:
2733:
2708:
2703:
2653:
2638:
2628:
2623:
2608:
2588:
2583:
2573:
2568:
2538:
2523:
2513:
2493:
2473:
2438:
2371:
2356:
1527:
470:
4087:
4081:
3968:
3243:
3208:
3188:
2828:
2738:
2723:
2668:
2407:
2381:
1660:
500:
478:
439:
196:
189:
182:
175:
3850:
3832:
3258:
2803:
2598:
1573:
1536:"he/she/you" used in indirect speech in sentences such as the following:
1514:
1487:, the verb always has a prefix. In Akoose, the infinitive has the prefix
862:/. This stop is still preserved in Mbo, Mkaa' and Belon, but has become /
318:
2285:
1755:
1741:
1727:
1713:
669:
282:
827:/ɓ/ except before /i u w/. The spelling "mb" is generally pronounced /
1001:
928:
A preceding nasal can be combined with a following /w/ or /j/ as in:
698:
571:
474:
457:. When speaking of technical subjects, speakers will often revert to
206:
166:
1650:
1594:
Negative verbs are expressed by adding a high-toned suffix, usually
1633:
1005:
912:/ (here written "y") making the following palatalised consonants:
517:
in 1910/11, as well as German-Nkosi and Nkosi-German vocabularies.
255:
70:
48:
954:
Word internally combinations such as /gt lk ln ŋn ŋs/ are found.
1018:
Tones distinguish one word from another; for example, in Akoose,
566:
2037:
Hedinger (1984a), pp. 136, 174–9; Hedinger (1981), pp. 67, 72–3.
1913:. Bakossi Cultural & Development Association. Archived from
1639:
Hedinger, Robert, Joseph Ekandjoum, and Sylvia Hedinger (1981).
4737:
Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
66:
1676:
The Manenguba Languages (Bantu A. 15, Mbo Cluster) of Cameroon
1071:, nouns in the Manenguba languages are divided into different
469:
The first European record of a Manenguba language was made by
2266:
Akoose basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
854:/ also occur in class 9/10 words. The prenasalised sibilant /
489:
877:/ is written as "ny". In some of the Manenguba dialects, /
295:
A Comparative Study of the Bantu and Semi-Bantu Languages
1667:
Hedinger, Robert (1984b). "Reported Speech in Akɔɔse".
1048:, with a high tone, in some kinds of dependent clause.
866:/ in Akoose and most of the other Manenguba languages.
1636:
Second edition, updated and edited by Robert Hedinger.
957:
Words can end in a vowel or in /b d g n m ŋ l w j ʔ/.
2136:
See Hedinger (1981), pp. 39–42 for examples of usage.
1403:
1397:
1389:
1383:
947:/ cannot usually begin a word, except in the sound /
1622:"he was first to arrive here" / "he got here first"
1513:) "to wash"; this takes concords of class 5 nouns.
2025:Esquisse phonologique du manengouba (dialecte mbo)
1089:The following examples of nouns come from Akoose:
1277:"children" is in class 2, which uses the concord
289:The name "Manenguba languages" was first used by
4773:
1683:A Grammar of Akoose: A northwest Bantu Language.
1634:Mkaaʼ – French lexicon and French - Mkaaʼ index.
1343:The associative marker is a particle (in Akoose
281:Manenguba Mountain (a former volcano) seen from
3494:
2301:
1934:
1903:
2203:
1614:
1564:
1558:
1540:
1531:
1518:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1430:
1422:
1369:
1361:
1353:
1344:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1293:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1251:
1243:
1230:
1222:
1209:
1201:
1188:
1180:
1167:
1159:
1146:
1138:
1125:
1117:
1104:
1096:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1010:
992:
986:
892:
886:
4761:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
4756:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
4751:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
4746:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
4741:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
3501:
3487:
2308:
2294:
2315:
1648:
2189:
2187:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2099:
2097:
276:
272:
2005:
2003:
14:
4774:
3470:General Alphabet of Cameroon Languages
1846:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 23, 37, 52, 251.
1765:
835:/. However, in class 9 nouns "mb" is /
3482:
2289:
2184:
2106:
2094:
1338:
858:/ was originally a pre-palatal stop /
464:
2022:
2000:
1864:Described in Hedinger et al. (1981).
1655:(PhD thesis). University of London.
1523:meaning "we two (i.e. you and I)".
503:, and published as part of his work
2271:Recorded sample of Akoose (Bakossi)
1873:Described in Hedinger (2008, 2016).
1435:"in the house it is good" (class 5)
1063:Bantu languages § Noun classes
300:The term "Mbo Cluster" was used by
24:
4719:Languages between parentheses are
1979:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 44, 457–462.
1941:. Gunter Narr Verlag. p. 66.
1702:
1642:Petite grammaire de la langue mboó
488:, working in the nearby island of
430:According to Hedinger (1987), the
317:A lexico-statistical study by the
25:
4798:
3365:Francophone African Sign Language
2276:Recorded sample of Akoose (Elung)
2259:
1591:as well, depending on the tense.
1412:
924:/m̩b m̩m n̩n n̩h ŋ̍k n̩l n̩s n̩t/
246:, are a group of closely related
27:Bantu language spoken in Cameroon
1970:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 43, 455–6.
1688:Hedinger, Robert (ed.). (2016).
1632:Ewane Etame, Jean (ed.) (2018).
935:/ɲ̩tʃʲ n̩dʲ n̩lʲ n̩sʲ n̩tʲ n̩zʲ/
486:John Clarke (Baptist missionary)
427:slightly apart from the others.
405:, Bekoose, Koose, Nkoosi, Nkosi)
254:mountain range in south-western
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2196:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2016:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1928:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1773:New Updated Guthrie List Online
1626:
1056:
932:/m̩bʷ m̩mʷ m̩pʷ ŋ̍kʷ ŋ̍gʷ n̩sʷ/
445:There are many loan words from
193: – Kaka (Central Mbo)
4723:of the language on their left.
2145:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 137–142.
1961:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 43, 454.
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1669:Studies in African Linguistics
394:Central Group: Western Cluster
359:Central Group: Eastern Cluster
13:
1:
1696:
1427:"the house is good" (class 9)
1289:, making a sentence such as:
916:/tʃʲ dʲ hʲ lʲ mʲ nʲ pʲ sʲ tʲ/
885:/ ("y"); for example, Akoose
525:
349:Myəngə (Mienge, Mbo of Nguti)
2091:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 76–80.
2082:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 73–74.
2073:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 71–72.
1783:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 2, 19.
807:
800:
790:
772:
752:
732:
718:
709:
688:
683:
678:
673:
659:
647:
642:
628:
621:
612:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
520:
312:
7:
2235:Hedinger (1981), pp. 49–50.
2226:Hedinger (1981), pp. 39–42.
2181:Hedinger (1981), pp. 34–36.
2046:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 72–3.
1837:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 38–9.
1828:Hedinger (1984a), pp. 37–8.
1819:Hedinger (1987), pp. 134–5.
1480:"join together" and so on.
1260:
1030:"four" has a low tone, and
908:Some can be combined with /
515:Grammatik der Nkosi-Sprache
420:Mbo of Ekanang (Mbouroukou)
10:
4803:
2403:Cameroonian Pidgin English
1685:Dallas: SIL International.
1649:Hedinger, Robert (1984a).
1082:for a consonant stem, but
1060:
1051:
839:/ with non-implosive /b/.
305:the languages as a whole.
4782:Northwest Bantu languages
4705:
4575:
4462:
4420:
4373:
4308:
4255:
4154:
4113:
4106:
4067:
3954:
3883:
3824:
3783:
3706:
3647:
3582:
3529:
3522:
3464:
3378:
3357:
2426:
2395:
2344:
2323:
2253:Hedinger (2016), Grammar.
2193:Hedinger (1984a), p. 140.
2163:Hedinger (1984a), p. 137.
1900:Hedinger (1984a), p. 265.
1891:Hedinger (1984a), p. 269.
1882:Hedinger (1984a), p. 272.
1855:Hedinger (1984a), p. 274.
1690:Akoose–English Dictionary
1681:Hedinger, Robert (2008).
1674:Hedinger, Robert (1987),
1366:"clothes irons" (class 6)
1024:"three" has a high tone,
960:
873:/ is written as "y" and /
842:The prenasalised sounds /
785:
765:
697:
668:
565:
536:
408:Nnɛnong (Nninong, Ninong)
250:spoken on and around the
220:
204:
164:
159:
86:
82:(180,000 cited 1995–2004)
76:
54:
44:
37:
32:
2064:Hedinger (1984a), p. 61.
2055:Hedinger (1984a), p. 60.
2027:. Université de Yaoundé.
1997:Hedinger (1984a), p. 58.
1988:Hedinger (1984a), p. 45.
1810:Hedinger (1984a), p. 55.
1801:Hedinger (1984a), p. 24.
1792:Hedinger (1984a), p. 23.
1771:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
1439:
1358:"clothes iron" (class 5)
991:"my" (classes 3, 4, 6),
979:
2244:Hedinger (1981), p. 64.
2204:
1761:(subscription required)
1747:(subscription required)
1733:(subscription required)
1719:(subscription required)
1615:
1565:
1559:
1541:
1532:
1519:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1431:
1423:
1404:
1398:
1390:
1384:
1374:"clothes box" (class 3)
1370:
1362:
1354:
1345:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1294:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1252:
1244:
1231:
1223:
1210:
1202:
1189:
1181:
1168:
1160:
1147:
1139:
1126:
1118:
1105:
1097:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1011:
997:"speckled mouse-bird".
993:
987:
893:
887:
4730:Guthrie classification
3515:Guthrie classification
2281:Recorded sample of Mbo
2202:Hedinger (2016), s.v.
2023:Same, Eveline (1987).
1935:Anne Schröder (2003).
1911:"The Bakossi Language"
1661:10.25501/SOAS.00028528
1553:would give him a robe"
1462:"meet" can be derived
1042:in a main clause, but
904:/bʷ hʷ kʷ mʷ nʷ pʷ sʷ/
286:
4787:Languages of Cameroon
2317:Languages of Cameroon
2172:Hedinger (ed) (2016).
1671:, 12 (3). pp. 81–102.
1388:"bottle of oil" (cf.
1061:Further information:
432:Bafaw-Balong language
401:Akɔɔse (Kose, Akosi,
280:
273:Name of the languages
3370:Maroua Sign Language
2427:Indigenous languages
1692:. SIL International.
417:Ngemengə (Ngemengoe)
411:Mwamenam (Mouamenam)
242:, also known as the
3379:Immigrant languages
1450:"meet" (low tone),
1214:= forest buffalo(s)
1015:"Akoose language".
823:/b/ is usually the
506:Polyglotta Africana
342:North-Western Group
325:North-Eastern Group
285:on the Eastern side
240:Manenguba languages
186: – Akoose
2324:Official languages
1737:Kaka (Central Mbo)
1542:adogté mə́ áte aá
1526:Akoose also has a
1339:Associative marker
1000:The tones display
951:/ (written "ng").
831:/ with implosive /
465:Early descriptions
287:
4769:
4768:
4714:extinct languages
4701:
4700:
4102:
4101:
3476:
3475:
2217:Hedinger (1984b).
2123:Hedinger (2016),
2009:Hedinger (2016),
1759:(18th ed., 2015)
1745:(18th ed., 2015)
1731:(18th ed., 2015)
1717:(18th ed., 2015)
969:/i e ɛ a ə ɔ o u/
811:
810:
748:
728:
705:
640:
610:
578:
473:, a teacher from
236:
235:
200: – Sosi
16:(Redirected from
4794:
4111:
4110:
3527:
3526:
3513:(Zones A–B) (by
3503:
3496:
3489:
3480:
3479:
2413:Ewondo Populaire
2310:
2303:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2121:
2104:
2103:Hedinger (2016).
2101:
2092:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1748:
1734:
1720:
1706:
1664:
1621:
1581:dependent clause
1568:
1562:
1548:
1535:
1522:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1434:
1426:
1407:
1401:
1393:
1387:
1373:
1365:
1357:
1348:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1255:
1247:
1234:
1226:
1213:
1205:
1192:
1184:
1171:
1163:
1150:
1142:
1129:
1121:
1109:= person, people
1108:
1101:= thief, thieves
1100:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1014:
996:
990:
950:
946:
942:
911:
896:
890:
884:
880:
876:
872:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
838:
834:
830:
816:
803:
798:
793:
775:
755:
746:
735:
726:
721:
712:
703:
691:
686:
681:
676:
662:
656:
650:
645:
638:
631:
624:
619:
615:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
576:
534:
533:
497:Sigismund Koelle
381:Mwahɛd (Manehas)
375:Mwaneka (Baneka)
352:Nswasə (Basossi)
232:
226:
216:
199:
192:
185:
179: – Mbo
178:
169:
124:Southern Bantoid
92:
30:
29:
21:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4697:
4571:
4458:
4416:
4369:
4304:
4251:
4150:
4098:
4063:
3950:
3946:South-West Fang
3879:
3820:
3779:
3702:
3643:
3578:
3518:
3511:Bantu languages
3507:
3477:
3472:
3460:
3374:
3353:
3144:Northwest Gbaya
2422:
2391:
2345:Major languages
2340:
2319:
2314:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2122:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1933:
1929:
1920:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1749:
1746:
1735:
1732:
1721:
1718:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1629:
1574:indicative mood
1572:In the present
1485:Imperative mood
1442:
1415:
1402:"thieves" (cf.
1371:ntyə́g ḿ mbɔ́té
1363:meláá mé mbɔ́té
1341:
1263:
1069:Bantu languages
1065:
1059:
1054:
985:example Akoose
982:
963:
570:
528:
523:
467:
369:Belon (Balondo)
366:Mkaaeʔ (Bakaka)
315:
302:Malcolm Guthrie
275:
248:Bantu languages
230:
227:
222:
212:
195:
194:
188:
187:
181:
180:
174:
173:
165:
155:
93:
90:Language family
88:
79:
78:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4800:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4725:
4724:
4717:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4689:
4683:
4677:
4671:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4604:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4563:
4557:
4551:
4545:
4539:
4533:
4527:
4521:
4515:
4509:
4503:
4497:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4473:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4431:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4117:
4115:
4108:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3794:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3668:Southeast Bobe
3664:
3662:Southwest Bobe
3658:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3593:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3540:
3533:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3358:Sign languages
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:Chadian Arabic
2430:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2261:
2260:External links
2258:
2256:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2195:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2105:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2015:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1947:
1927:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1764:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1555:
1554:
1549:"he lied that
1530:verbal prefix
1483:Except in the
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1414:
1413:Locative nouns
1411:
1410:
1409:
1395:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1359:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1328:) are eating (
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1174:
1173:
1172:= leaf, leaves
1165:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1132:
1131:
1127:ntyə́g, ntyə́g
1123:
1111:
1110:
1102:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
981:
978:
971:
970:
962:
959:
937:
936:
933:
926:
925:
918:
917:
906:
905:
881:/ has become /
809:
808:
806:
804:
799:
794:
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
776:
771:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
756:
751:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
736:
731:
729:
723:
722:
717:
715:
713:
708:
706:
701:
695:
694:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
666:
665:
663:
658:
651:
646:
641:
635:
634:
632:
627:
625:
620:
611:
605:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
527:
524:
522:
519:
477:who taught in
466:
463:
459:Pidgin English
424:
423:
422:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
396:
395:
391:
390:
389:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
361:
360:
356:
355:
354:
353:
350:
344:
343:
339:
338:
337:
336:
335:Mbo of Ngwatta
333:
327:
326:
314:
311:
291:Harry Johnston
274:
271:
234:
233:
228:
221:
218:
217:
210:
202:
201:
170:
162:
161:
160:Language codes
157:
156:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
104:Atlantic–Congo
96:
94:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
56:
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46:
45:Native to
42:
41:
35:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2241:
2232:
2223:
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2199:
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2169:
2160:
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2133:
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2110:
2100:
2098:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1950:
1948:3-8233-5821-9
1944:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1917:on 2011-03-24
1916:
1912:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
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1774:
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1752:
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1635:
1631:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1598:(Mwaneka) or
1597:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1468:"meet with",
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1406:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:aláá á mbɔ́té
1352:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1256:= mushroom(s)
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1239:Gender 19/13
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1208:
1206:= antelope(s)
1204:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1190:ehɔ́b, mehɔ́b
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:echem, e’chem
1158:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:nchîb, bechîb
1095:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1003:
998:
995:
989:
977:
974:
968:
967:
966:
958:
955:
952:
934:
931:
930:
929:
923:
922:
921:
915:
914:
913:
903:
902:
901:
898:
895:
889:
867:
840:
826:
821:
818:
805:
795:
788:
784:
781:
779:
777:
770:
768:
764:
761:
759:
757:
750:
745:
744:
741:
739:
737:
730:
725:
724:
716:
714:
707:
702:
700:
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693:
671:
667:
664:
652:
637:
636:
633:
626:
607:
606:
575:
573:
568:
564:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
535:
532:
518:
516:
511:
508:
507:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
471:Hannah Kilham
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
440:Swadesh lists
437:
433:
428:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
400:
399:
398:
397:
393:
392:
387:Mbaʔ (Bareko)
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
364:
363:
362:
358:
357:
351:
348:
347:
346:
345:
341:
340:
334:
332:Mbo of Mboébo
331:
330:
329:
328:
324:
323:
322:
320:
310:
306:
303:
298:
296:
292:
284:
279:
270:
266:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
229:
225:
219:
215:
211:
209:
208:
203:
198:
191:
184:
177:
171:
168:
163:
158:
140:
137:
136:
134:
130:
127:
126:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
106:
105:
102:
101:
99:
95:
91:
85:
81:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
4709:
3561:
3466:
3344:Zulgo-Gemzek
3234:South Giziga
3134:North Giziga
2903:
2464:Bafaw-Balong
2408:Camfranglais
2249:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2198:
2177:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2018:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1937:
1930:
1919:. Retrieved
1915:the original
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1767:
1754:
1740:
1726:
1712:
1704:
1682:
1678:. Routledge.
1675:
1668:
1651:
1641:
1627:Bibliography
1616:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1563:rather than
1556:
1550:
1546:ə̄bɛ́ mbɔ́té
1543:
1525:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1443:
1432:á-ndáb á-bóó
1416:
1377:
1342:
1322:) children (
1304:
1300:
1296:
1264:
1238:
1224:eʼmii, memii
1218:Gender 14/6
1217:
1197:Gender 9/10
1196:
1175:
1154:
1133:
1119:nchém, nchém
1112:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1067:As in other
1066:
1057:Noun classes
1017:
999:
983:
975:
972:
964:
956:
953:
938:
927:
919:
907:
899:
868:
841:
822:
819:
812:
529:
514:
512:
504:
501:Sierra Leone
494:
483:
479:Sierra Leone
468:
461:or English.
444:
429:
425:
316:
307:
299:
294:
293:in his work
288:
267:
260:
243:
239:
237:
224:Guthrie code
205:
138:
38:
4687:West Ngongo
3339:Zizilivakan
3279:Vemgo-Mabas
2599:Chamba Leko
1606:(Mwaneka).
1557:The use of
1501:"to meet",
1474:"arrange",
1227:= finger(s)
1193:= voice(es)
1182:ekuu, mekuu
1176:Gender 7/6
1169:chyaá, byaá
1164:= tongue(s)
1155:Gender 7/8
1140:abad, mebad
1134:Gender 5/6
1113:Gender 3/4
1092:Gender 1/2
787:Approximant
499:working in
490:Fernando Pó
244:Mbo cluster
114:Benue–Congo
109:Volta–Congo
98:Niger–Congo
4776:Categories
4455:(spurious)
3739:South Kogo
3733:North Kogo
3656:North Bobe
3436:Portuguese
3139:North Mofu
3004:Mofu-Gudur
2205:âdoged áte
1921:2011-02-11
1756:Ethnologue
1742:Ethnologue
1728:Ethnologue
1714:Ethnologue
1697:References
1528:logophoric
1424:ndáb e-bóó
1385:ekwɛ́m múl
1248:= firewood
1211:nyǎd, nyǎd
1143:= cloth(s)
891:= Mwaneka
526:Consonants
510:Mwamenam.
309:from Mbo.
283:Nkongsamba
172:Variously:
4721:varieties
4712:indicate
4620:East Yans
4519:Ndzindziu
4483:Ngungwele
4471:Tege-Kali
4229:Metombola
4169:West Kele
3467:See also:
3159:Nzakambay
3084:Ngiemboon
2904:Manenguba
2489:Bambalang
2011:Phonology
1408:"people")
1253:hyɛn, lɛn
1245:hyǒn, lǒn
1235:= tree(s)
1232:bwɛl, mɛl
1151:= nose(s)
1130:= box(es)
1002:downdrift
825:implosive
704:voiceless
699:Fricative
577:voiceless
572:Affricate
521:Phonology
475:Yorkshire
378:Manenguba
313:Languages
252:Manenguba
207:Glottolog
167:ISO 639-3
139:Manenguba
133:Zone A.15
55:Ethnicity
39:Mbo, Ngoe
33:Manenguba
4567:Tsitsege
4477:Njiningi
4447:Kaning'i
4247:Mahongwe
4235:Molengue
4223:Ndambomo
4163:Sekiyani
4059:Koonzime
3916:Yangafek
3441:Japanese
3094:Ngombale
3059:Nda’nda’
3024:Mpumpong
2934:Mazagway
2689:Ghomala'
2684:Gbanzili
2499:Bangolan
2372:Fulfulde
1619:apɛ hɛ́n
1399:băl ojíw
1310:"those (
1261:Concords
1203:káb, káb
1185:= leg(s)
1148:dúu, múu
1122:= bat(s)
1106:mod, bad
1012:Akɔ́ɔ̄sē
1006:downstep
897:"hair".
747:prenasal
639:prenasal
540:Bilabial
256:Cameroon
214:mane1268
71:Bassossi
49:Cameroon
18:Bassossi
4710:Italics
4537:Musieno
4394:Tsaangi
4282:Himbaka
4187:Mbangwe
4122:Mpongwe
4029:Ukwedjo
4017:Bomwali
3999:Medjime
3987:Konabem
3928:Gbïgbïl
3851:Bacenga
3845:Mangisa
3839:Yambasa
3810:Ngayaba
3798:Kaalong
3775:Yambeta
3763:Aling'a
3627:Mulimba
3591:Bomboko
3574:Nkongho
3556:Bonkeng
3509:Narrow
3446:Russian
3431:Chinese
3411:Italian
3401:Spanish
3396:Punjabi
3386:English
3119:Nkongho
3104:Nimbari
3079:Ngambay
3039:Mungaka
3034:Mundang
2979:Mengisa
2909:Mangbai
2764:Kaalong
2564:Bonkeng
2559:Bomwali
2479:Baldemu
2459:Babanki
2396:Pidgins
2387:Medumba
2336:English
2125:Grammar
1331:bé-dyâg
1316:) two (
1073:classes
1052:Grammar
943:/ and /
567:Plosive
560:Glottal
550:Palatal
545:Coronal
447:English
436:Nkongho
403:Bakossi
263:Bakossi
119:Bantoid
59:Bakossi
4670:(Ngwi)
4654:[B821
4565:[B701
4495:Tsaayi
4489:Mpumpu
4453:Yangho
4445:[B602
4441:Nduumo
4435:Mbaama
4398:[B501
4347:Varama
4339:[B401
4288:Bongwe
4274:[B301
4203:[B201
4193:Wumbvu
4140:Dyumba
4107:Zone B
4076:Kwakum
4021:[A801
4011:Mpiemo
4005:Mpompo
3993:Bekwil
3963:Mvumbo
3944:[A751
3922:Bëbëlë
3898:Ewondo
3861:[A621
3814:[A501
3761:[A441
3751:Nyokon
3721:Bankon
3680:Bapoko
3631:[A221
3597:Baakpe
3566:[A141
3550:Balong
3523:Zone A
3451:Danish
3426:Arabic
3421:Hebrew
3406:German
3391:French
3349:Zumaya
3324:Yedina
3304:Wuzlam
3269:Tupuri
3264:Tsuvan
3229:Sharwa
3219:Psikyɛ
3204:Pinyin
3199:Parkwa
3164:Nzanyi
3149:Nyokon
3114:Njerep
3089:Ngomba
3074:Nga'ka
3054:Nagumi
3049:Muyang
3009:Moloko
2999:Mfumte
2994:Mesaka
2984:Menyam
2974:Məgaka
2969:Mefele
2949:Mbudum
2919:Maslam
2899:Malgbe
2889:Majera
2869:Limbum
2859:Lagwan
2849:Kwasio
2844:Kwakum
2794:Kasabe
2784:Kanuri
2699:Glavda
2664:Fe'fe'
2634:Esimbi
2619:Ɗugwor
2614:Dowayo
2554:Bitare
2549:Bishuo
2529:Bebele
2504:Bankon
2484:Bamali
2418:Arabic
2382:Lamnso
2367:Ewondo
2331:French
1945:
1723:Akoose
1617:asébpé
1515:Finite
1477:bomtɛn
1394:"oil")
961:Vowels
767:Rhotic
727:voiced
609:voiced
455:Douala
451:French
372:Babong
67:Bakaka
4693:Nzadi
4691:B865
4685:B864
4681:Mpiin
4679:B863
4673:B862
4666:B861
4660:B822
4650:Mbuun
4636:B85e
4632:Ntsuo
4630:B85d
4624:B85c
4618:B85b
4614:Mbiem
4612:B85a
4608:Mpuun
4606:B84b
4602:Mpuon
4600:B84a
4596:Mfinu
4584:Tiene
4561:Wuumu
4553:B77b
4549:Kukwa
4547:B77a
4541:B76b
4535:B76a
4523:B74b
4517:B74a
4511:B73d
4505:B73c
4501:Laali
4499:B73b
4493:B73a
4487:B72b
4481:B72a
4475:B71b
4469:B71a
4451:B603
4429:Mbete
4410:B503
4406:Mwele
4404:B502
4400:Wanzi
4388:Nzebi
4365:Bwali
4363:B411
4359:Ngubi
4357:B404
4353:Vungu
4351:B403
4345:B402
4341:Bwisi
4335:Lumbu
4323:Sangu
4298:B305
4294:Pinzi
4292:B304
4286:B303
4280:B302
4270:Kande
4264:Tsogo
4245:B252
4241:Shake
4239:B251
4233:B221
4227:B205
4221:B204
4215:B203
4211:Sighu
4209:B202
4205:Ndasa
4179:B22c
4173:B22b
4167:B22a
4146:Nkomi
4144:B11e
4138:B11d
4134:Galwa
4132:B11c
4128:Rongo
4126:B11b
4120:B11a
4086:A92b
4080:A92a
4057:A842
4053:Bajue
4051:A841
4047:Bekol
4045:A832
4039:A831
4035:Shiwe
4033:A803
4027:A802
4023:Gyele
4009:A86c
4003:A86b
3997:A86a
3991:A85b
3985:A85a
3975:Makaa
3926:A73b
3920:A73a
3914:A72d
3910:Bakja
3908:A72c
3904:Mvele
3902:A72b
3896:A72a
3875:Mbule
3873:A623
3867:A622
3833:Ngoro
3816:Hijuk
3773:A462
3769:Bonek
3767:A461
3757:Mandi
3745:Banen
3737:A43c
3731:A43b
3727:Mbene
3725:A43a
3715:Lombi
3698:Benga
3692:Kombe
3690:A33b
3684:A33a
3678:A32b
3674:Banoo
3672:A32a
3666:A31c
3660:A31b
3654:A31a
3637:A231
3633:Bubia
3621:Pongo
3609:Duala
3572:A151
3544:Barue
3538:Londo
3456:Dutch
3416:Hindi
3329:Yemba
3314:Yambe
3309:Yamba
3284:Vengo
3254:Tikar
3249:Tibea
3224:Rombi
3214:Pongo
3194:Papia
3184:Otank
3179:Oroko
3169:Nzime
3154:Nyong
3044:Musgu
3019:Mpade
2989:Merey
2959:Mbule
2954:Mbuko
2929:Matal
2924:Massa
2914:Manza
2894:Makaa
2864:Limba
2854:La'bi
2834:Kutin
2769:Kabba
2749:Iyive
2744:Ipulo
2729:Hijuk
2719:Hausa
2714:Gvoko
2694:Gidar
2679:Gbanu
2674:Gawar
2659:Fanji
2644:Evant
2604:Cuvok
2579:Buwal
2544:Bikya
2534:Bebil
2509:Basaa
2469:Bafia
2449:Aghem
2444:Afade
2362:Duala
2352:Bamum
1510:awɔ́g
1504:âwɔ́g
1471:bomed
1465:bomɛn
1440:Verbs
1346:a/á/é
1319:bé-bɛ
1307:-dyâg
1268:a/á/é
1084:d(y)-
1045:ápímé
1039:apimé
1033:-táan
1027:-niin
1021:-láán
980:Tones
670:Nasal
555:Velar
384:Bafun
319:Swiss
129:Bantu
4728:The
4675:Lwel
4668:Ngul
4662:Nunu
4648:B87
4642:B86
4638:Mpur
4626:Yeei
4594:B83
4590:Boma
4588:B82
4582:B81
4559:B78
4555:Fumu
4543:Ngee
4531:Bali
4529:B75
4525:Boma
4439:B63
4433:B62
4427:B61
4412:Vili
4392:B53
4386:B52
4382:Duma
4380:B51
4333:B44
4329:Punu
4327:B43
4321:B42
4317:Sira
4315:B41
4300:Vove
4276:Viya
4268:B32
4262:B31
4217:Sama
4199:Kota
4197:B25
4191:B24
4185:B23
4181:Bubi
4175:Ngom
4161:B21
4094:Kako
4092:A93
4088:Pomo
4074:A91
4041:Byep
4015:A87
3981:Njem
3979:A84
3973:A83
3967:A82
3961:A81
3940:Fang
3938:A75
3934:Bulu
3932:A74
3892:Eton
3890:A71
3869:Gunu
3863:Baca
3857:Bati
3855:A65
3849:A64
3843:A63
3837:A62
3831:A61
3808:A54
3802:A53
3796:A52
3790:A51
3755:A46
3749:A45
3743:A44
3719:A42
3713:A41
3696:A34
3686:Yasa
3639:Kole
3625:A27
3619:A26
3613:A25
3607:A24
3601:A23
3595:A22
3589:A21
3568:Bafo
3560:A15
3554:A14
3548:A13
3542:A12
3536:A11
3334:Yeni
3319:Yasa
3294:Voko
3289:Vere
3274:Vame
3239:Suwu
3174:Oblo
3129:Noni
3124:Noho
3109:Njem
3099:Ngwe
3064:Ndai
3029:Mser
3014:Mono
2964:Mbum
2944:Mboa
2939:Mbə’
2884:Mafa
2879:Maɗa
2839:Kwa’
2824:Kpwe
2819:Koma
2809:Kogo
2799:Kera
2789:Kare
2779:Kali
2774:Kako
2759:Jina
2754:Jimi
2734:Hina
2709:Gunu
2704:Gude
2654:Fang
2639:Eton
2629:Eman
2624:Duli
2609:Daba
2594:Ceve
2589:Caka
2584:Byep
2574:Bung
2569:Bube
2539:Beti
2524:Batu
2519:Bati
2514:Bata
2494:Bana
2474:Baka
2454:Ambo
2439:Abon
2357:Bulu
1943:ISBN
1751:Sosi
1589:-nɛ́
1560:mə́-
1533:mə́-
1507:(or
1498:âbom
1453:wɔ́g
1313:á-bé
1303:-bɛ
1299:băn
994:ńhal
988:ḿmem
888:nyoŋ
453:and
414:Eluŋ
238:The
231:A.15
4656:Mpe
4576:B80
4513:Kwe
4507:Yaa
4463:B70
4421:B60
4374:B50
4309:B40
4256:B30
4155:B20
4114:B10
4082:Pol
4068:A90
3955:A80
3884:A70
3825:A60
3804:Kpa
3792:Fa’
3784:A50
3707:A40
3648:A30
3615:Oli
3583:A20
3562:Mbo
3530:A10
3299:Wom
3244:Swo
3209:Pol
3189:Pam
3069:Nen
2874:Luo
2829:Kuo
2814:Kol
2739:Hya
2724:Hdi
2669:Fut
2649:Fa’
2377:Kom
1753:at
1739:at
1725:at
1711:at
1709:Mbo
1657:doi
1604:-ká
1600:-ɛ́
1587:or
1585:-ɛ́
1544:mə́
1520:de-
1491:or
1459:bom
1447:bom
1405:bal
1391:mǔl
1325:băn
1283:or
1274:băn
894:yuŋ
860:ᶮdʒ
655:ᶮdʒ
197:bsi
190:bqz
183:bss
176:mbo
63:Mbo
4778::
4644:Di
3969:So
3603:Su
3259:To
2804:Ki
2186:^
2108:^
2096:^
2002:^
1596:-á
1566:a-
1551:he
1495::
1493:â-
1489:a-
1334:)"
1305:bé
1301:bé
1297:bé
1295:á-
1286:bé
1280:be
1080:a-
949:ᵑɡ
864:ⁿz
856:ⁿz
852:ᵑɡ
850:,
848:ⁿz
846:,
844:ⁿd
837:ᵐb
829:mɓ
815:tʃ
754:ⁿz
661:ᵑɡ
657:)
649:ⁿd
644:ᵐb
616:,
592:tʃ
449:,
258:.
100:?
69:,
65:,
61:,
4716:.
3517:)
3502:e
3495:t
3488:v
2309:e
2302:t
2295:v
2208:.
2127:.
2013:.
1951:.
1924:.
1663:.
1659::
945:ŋ
941:g
939:/
910:j
883:j
879:ɲ
875:ɲ
871:j
869:/
833:ɓ
813:/
802:j
797:l
792:w
774:r
734:z
720:h
711:s
690:ŋ
685:ɲ
680:n
675:m
653:(
630:g
623:d
618:b
614:ɓ
602:ʔ
597:k
587:t
582:p
569:/
135:)
131:(
20:)
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