682:
718:
741:
310:
776:
630:
362:
753:
614:
1302:
658:
3037:
1559:
528:
1569:
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31:
702:
3026:
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322:
appears as a single channel on the dispatch center control console. In a properly designed dispatch center with several staff members, this allows each dispatcher to communicate simultaneously, independently of one another, on a different channel as necessary. For example, a taxi company dispatch center may have one base station on a high-rise building in
333:
In dispatching centers it is common for eight or more radio base stations to be connected to a single dispatching console. Dispatching personnel can tell which channel a message is being received on by a combination of local protocol, unit identifiers, volume settings, and busy indicator lights. A
506:
A wireless telephone base station communicates with a mobile or hand-held phone. For example, in a wireless telephone system, the signals from one or more mobile telephones in an area are received at a nearby base station, which then connects the call to the land-line network. Other equipment is
321:
Professional base station radios are often one channel. In lightly used base stations, a multi-channel unit may be employed. In heavily used systems, the capability for additional channels, where needed, is accomplished by installing an additional base station for each channel. Each base station
1049:
Base stations in land mobile systems are often located at remote sites such as hilltops or water towers. Some are controlled from two or more locations. For example, a base station used to communicate with taxis may be connected to remote control consoles at both a taxi company office and an
681:
182:
In the area of wireless computer networking, a base station is a radio receiver/transmitter that serves as the hub of the local wireless network, and may also be the gateway between a wired network and the wireless network. It typically consists of a low-power transmitter and
385:
Interference could be defined as receiving any signal other than from a radio in your own system. To avoid interference from users on the same channel, or interference from nearby strong signals on another channel, professional base stations use a combination of:
568:
The consensus of the scientific community is that the power from these mobile phone base station antennas is too low to produce health hazards as long as people are kept away from direct access to the antennas. However, current international exposure guidelines
717:
358:, or radio links. The consoles multiplex transmit commands onto remote control circuits. Some system configurations require duplex, or four wire, audio paths from the base station to the console. Others require only a two-wire or half duplex link.
297:
radios, and/or to activate one-way paging receivers. The base station is one end of a communications link. The other end is a movable vehicle-mounted radio or walkie-talkie. Examples of base station uses in two-way radio include the dispatch of
1050:
answering service for after-hours calls. The taxi company and answering service may be miles apart. Single channel base stations reduce confusion by eliminating the possibility that the wrong channel may be selected.
345:
Base stations can be local controlled or remote controlled. Local controlled base stations are operated by front panel controls on the base station cabinet. Remote control base stations can be operated over tone- or
167:
and other effects to be corrected out of the position data obtained by the mobile stations, which gives greatly increased location precision and accuracy over the results obtained by uncorrected GPS receivers.
1269:
1183:
IEEE C95.1-2005 "IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with
Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz" Sources: US Department of Health; The World Health Organization
535:
While low levels of radio-frequency power are usually considered to have negligible effects on health, national and local regulations restrict the design of base stations to limit exposure to
543:
pattern, and barriers to foot or road traffic. For typical base stations, significant electromagnetic energy is only emitted at the antenna, not along the length of the antenna tower.
342:. Audio from a primary selected channel is routed to the select speaker and to a headset. Each channel has a busy light which flashes when someone talks on the associated channel.
1299:
495:
wireless telephones are circuit switched: the communications paths are set up by dialing at the start of a call and the path remains in place until one of the callers hangs up.
470:
but for hobby or family communications. Amateur systems sometimes serve as dispatch radio systems during disasters, search and rescue mobilizations, or other emergencies.
1089:, (Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation, 1995) pp. 39–41. Tone remote controls are described in this section.
1458:
1164:
539:. Technical measures to limit exposure include restricting the radio frequency power emitted by the station, elevating the antenna above ground level, changes to the
253:
1063:, 68-81021E80, (Schaumburg, Illinois: Motorola, Inc. 1980.) This is a relatively simple analog console compared to large, enterprise-level Centracom-series units.
1076:
is legacy jargon and comes from Bell System billing terminology. RTO circuits refer to analog radio remote control and radio broadcast leased telephone circuits.
565:
has concluded that "there is no convincing scientific evidence that the weak RF signals from base stations and wireless networks cause adverse health effects."
740:
163:
receiver at an accurately-known fixed location which is used to derive correction information for nearby portable GPS receivers. This correction data allows
629:
2301:
1137:
A list of types of filtering used to prevent interference between equipment at the same site is included in "6.2.4 Electromagnetic
Compatibility Studies,"
418:
licensing. These terms are defined in regulations inside Part 90 of the commissions regulations. In US licensing jargon, types of base stations include:
752:
1454:
430:
station can also be radio link used to operate a distant base station by remote control. (No mobile or hand-held radios are involved in the system.)
330:. Each taxi dispatcher could communicate with taxis in either Boston or Providence by selecting the respective base station on his or her console.
1301:
519:
to connect the call. In the case of a portable phone such as a US cordless phone, the connection is directly connected to a wired land line.
3009:
2981:
2976:
2001:
1171:
licenses are coordinated by the
Personal Communications Industry Association (PCIA) and licensed by the Federal Communications Commission.
695:. There are three antennas: each serves a 120-degree segment of the horizon. The microwave dish links the site with the telephone network.
1291:
1246:
350:
circuits. The dispatch point console and remote base station are connected by leased private line telephone circuits, (sometimes called
3091:
1462:
775:
1196:
657:
92:
connecting a number of other devices to one another and/or to a wider area. In mobile telephony, it provides the connection between
1085:
For a brief discussion of remote controlled base stations, see: "Evaluating
Regional Alternatives: Systems Design Considerations,"
377:
is a one-way device which reduces the ease of signals from nearby transmitters going up the antenna line and into the base station
3096:
1605:
1228:
3003:
507:
involved depending on the system architecture. Mobile telephone provider networks, such as
European GSM networks, may involve
437:
station is a base station used in a system with a repeater where the base station is used to communicate through the repeater.
2998:
2988:
2968:
2770:
1115:, (Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation, 1995) pp. 10–19, 55–58.
885:
ITU Radio
Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems – Article 1.71, definition: "base station / base radio station"
50:
1845:
1506:
613:
2135:
3060:
2993:
2839:
1855:
1502:
708:
701:
2765:
1027:, (Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation, 1995) pp. 39–43.
2859:
1908:
1716:
1008:
947:
916:
842:
555:
499:
415:
2644:
2192:
1994:
1102:, (Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation, 1995) pp. 57.
1040:, (Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation, 1995) pp. 42.
381:. This prevents the unwanted mixing of signals inside the base station transmitter which can generate interference.
558:. Hand-held mobile telephones are relatively low power so the RF radiation exposures from them are generally low.
2755:
1478:
1446:
1284:
2750:
1430:
1398:
1346:
963:
203:
communications station installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of one of the following:
2775:
1825:
1668:
17:
1150:
More detail of interference reduction equipment is provided in, "9.1.2 Base
Station/Mobile Relay, 800 MHz,"
3086:
3050:
2811:
2708:
2251:
2046:
2018:
1706:
1653:
1490:
1438:
1434:
578:
73:
3040:
2547:
1987:
1875:
1721:
1598:
1562:
2899:
2821:
2760:
2467:
1913:
1474:
1442:
1426:
1410:
1338:
1277:
1111:
Bulleted items condensed from, "EMS Communications," "System
Coordination," and "Site Engineering," in
1059:
To read more about multi-channel consoles, look at the service manual for a relatively simple console:
2671:
2632:
2477:
2377:
2306:
2239:
2066:
1938:
1769:
1731:
1498:
1378:
822:
636:
620:
562:
238:
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station is a base station used in a system intended only to communicate with other base stations. A
3030:
2272:
2207:
2160:
2120:
1963:
1779:
1572:
1546:
792:
327:
145:
2869:
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2472:
2150:
2036:
2031:
1923:
1870:
1673:
1470:
857:
797:
77:
35:
546:
Because mobile phones and their base stations are two-way radios, they produce radio-frequency (
2791:
2577:
2392:
2337:
2332:
2145:
2110:
1633:
1591:
1526:
1418:
1243:
933:
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2497:
2462:
2382:
2362:
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2172:
2093:
1928:
1466:
1310:
902:
536:
480:
base station is another example of part of a system used for hobby or family communications.
323:
177:
54:
2026:
2607:
2567:
2537:
2294:
2229:
2051:
1933:
1784:
1648:
1643:
1538:
1450:
1422:
1406:
1354:
1350:
1204:
723:
286:
252:
power amplifiers) to transmit and receive signals. The most common RF power amplifiers are
121:
1154:(Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Oklahoma City Municipal Facilities Authority, 2000, pp. 165–168.
8:
2617:
2557:
2316:
2278:
2076:
2061:
1968:
1815:
1701:
1638:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1334:
968:
373:
exposure to unwanted signals. It also reduces the transmission of undesired signals. The
285:
In professional two-way radio systems, a base station is used to maintain contact with a
269:
129:
62:
1113:
Planning
Emergency Medical Communications: Volume 2, Local/Regional Level Planning Guide
1100:
Planning
Emergency Medical Communications: Volume 2, Local/Regional Level Planning Guide
1087:
Planning Emergency Medical Communications: Volume 2, Local/Regional Level Planning Guide
1038:
Planning Emergency Medical Communications: Volume 2, Local/Regional Level Planning Guide
1025:
Planning Emergency Medical Communications: Volume 2, Local/Regional Level Planning Guide
3081:
2844:
2801:
2732:
2602:
2532:
2507:
2442:
2289:
2010:
1522:
1394:
1370:
1362:
516:
309:
265:
245:
141:
113:
105:
1225:
1141:(Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Oklahoma City Municipal Facilities Authority, 2000, pp. 119.
1128:(Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Oklahoma City Municipal Facilities Authority, 2000, pp. 181.
2884:
2806:
2720:
2703:
2666:
2512:
2342:
2311:
2177:
2071:
1835:
1568:
1530:
1004:
943:
912:
832:
314:
164:
97:
2552:
1264:
2889:
2849:
2829:
2796:
2725:
2683:
2597:
2452:
2437:
2412:
2387:
2347:
2197:
2056:
2041:
1820:
1414:
1197:"Electromagnetic fields and public health: Base stations and wireless technologies"
1000:
990:
908:
898:
370:
366:
355:
347:
101:
69:
2517:
2372:
2140:
2115:
2103:
1953:
1903:
1514:
1265:
Occupational Safety and Health Admin. Non-Ionizing Radiation Exposure Guidelines.
1250:
1232:
994:
852:
547:
540:
512:
249:
184:
453:
is a type of base station that extends the range of hand-held and mobile radios.
2715:
2587:
2562:
2522:
2492:
2367:
2202:
2155:
2130:
2088:
1774:
1534:
1330:
1326:
1163:
For example, US federal government systems are coordinated and licensed by the
847:
766:
762:
727:
488:
449:
361:
218:
81:
3075:
2864:
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2627:
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2083:
1789:
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1614:
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1306:
1168:
731:
463:
290:
211:
2742:
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2527:
2457:
2422:
2357:
2256:
2246:
2098:
1865:
1764:
1494:
1402:
1390:
1358:
1152:
800 MHz Trunked Radio Request for Proposals: Public Safety Projects Office,
1139:
800 MHz Trunked Radio Request for Proposals: Public Safety Projects Office,
1126:
800 MHz Trunked Radio Request for Proposals: Public Safety Projects Office,
837:
595:
551:
508:
294:
261:
222:
208:
93:
85:
58:
2942:
2592:
2502:
2487:
2447:
2407:
2266:
1958:
1948:
1943:
1542:
867:
688:
378:
148:
89:
2947:
2654:
2352:
2261:
2217:
2187:
2165:
1518:
1061:
8-Channel Remote Console, 120, 220, 240 V AC or 12 V DC T16167 AM or BM
498:
wireless telephones communicate with other telephones usually over the
467:
396:
in the US, coordination of shared frequencies by coordinating agencies.
374:
137:
120:. In traditional wireless communications, it can refer to the hub of a
1098:
Block diagram is from: "Figure 8: Bandpass Cavity/Isolator Location,"
527:
313:
Basic base station elements used in a remote-controlled installation.
2932:
2397:
2212:
1979:
1918:
939:
827:
817:
807:
802:
664:
599:
592:
474:
299:
232:
2927:
2917:
2834:
2659:
2482:
1860:
1805:
1726:
1226:
Ballard fuel cells to power telecom backup power units for motorola
1023:"Evaluating Regional Alternatives: Systems Design Considerations,"
812:
200:
117:
109:
550:) radiation in order to communicate, exposing people near them to
268:
amplifiers in most base stations during the 1990s, leading to the
30:
2922:
2907:
2125:
1880:
1810:
1711:
1658:
1036:
Block diagram is from: "Figure 2: Two Channel VHF Base Station,"
862:
672:
648:
303:
1583:
2952:
2912:
2234:
1885:
1850:
1736:
1683:
1678:
1663:
746:
136–174 MHz US professional base station antenna examples.
692:
668:
644:
570:
477:
159:
In the context of external land surveying, a base station is a
399:
locating equipment so that terrain blocks interfering signals.
88:
at a known position, while in wireless communications it is a
2937:
2874:
2182:
1482:
1124:
For an example of receiver specifications, see, "Table 9-3,"
758:
640:
257:
196:
133:
444:
is a base station used in one location for less than a year.
2879:
1459:
Satellite emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station
225:
125:
1165:
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
229:
160:
577:
effects of base station emissions, NOT considering the
402:
use of directional antennas to reduce unwanted signals.
112:
in the network, possibly connecting them to a/another
730:. The center blocks with frequencies in this trunked
935:
5G Mobile Communications: Concepts and Technologies
254:metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors
1455:Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station
264:) RF amplifiers. RF LDMOS amplifiers replaced RF
3073:
598:systems are added to critical base stations or
334:typical console has two speakers identified as
781:Cellular network base station in Yekaterinburg
390:minimum receiver specifications and filtering.
1995:
1599:
1285:
531:A cell tower near Thicketty, South Carolina.
393:analysis of other frequencies in use nearby.
3010:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
726:have groups of base stations configured as
457:
3046:
2002:
1988:
1606:
1592:
1463:Standard frequency and time signal station
1292:
1278:
893:
891:
190:
1180:
956:
526:
466:, a base station also communicates with
360:
308:
29:
888:
687:Close-up of a base station antenna in
14:
3074:
2009:
989:
897:
326:and another on a different channel in
171:
1983:
1587:
1273:
1244:India telecoms to get fuel cell power
483:
51:International Telecommunication Union
3056:
931:
491:differ from two-way radios in that:
199:communications, a base station is a
1305:
925:
522:
406:Base stations are sometimes called
317:options such as CTCSS are optional.
68:The term is used in the context of
24:
587:
104:, it is a transceiver acting as a
25:
3108:
3092:Telecommunications infrastructure
1717:Common traffic advisory frequency
1613:
1258:
843:Mobile phone radiation and health
556:mobile phone radiation and health
500:public switched telephone network
416:Federal Communications Commission
154:
3055:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3024:
2645:Free-space optical communication
1567:
1558:
1557:
1300:
774:
751:
739:
716:
700:
680:
656:
628:
612:
369:used to reduce the base station
275:
1499:Instrument landing system (ILS)
1447:Radio direction-finding station
1309:and systems in accordance with
1237:
1219:
1189:
1174:
1157:
1144:
1131:
1118:
1105:
1092:
1079:
1066:
280:
3097:Radio stations and systems ITU
1431:Radionavigation mobile station
1399:On-board communication station
1347:High altitude platform station
1053:
1043:
1030:
1017:
983:
879:
761:base station equipment with a
734:each represent a base station.
663:A base station disguised as a
13:
1:
1826:Maritime mobile amateur radio
964:"Mobile & Wideband Comms"
873:
637:GSM mobile phone base station
3031:Telecommunication portal
2812:Telecommunications equipment
1969:Voting (diversity combining)
1707:Aircraft emergency frequency
1654:General Mobile Radio Service
1479:Ship's emergency transmitter
1439:Radiolocation mobile station
1435:Radionavigation land station
602:to provide emergency power.
74:wireless computer networking
7:
2548:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1722:Mandatory frequency airport
786:
573:) are based largely on the
10:
3113:
2252:Telecommunications history
1914:Automatic vehicle location
1475:Experimental radio station
1443:Radiolocation land station
1427:Radiodetermination station
1411:Aeronautical earth station
1249:November 26, 2010, at the
711:Base Radio at a Cell Site.
707:A professional rack-mount
175:
3019:
2961:
2898:
2860:Public Switched Telephone
2820:
2784:
2741:
2682:
2672:telecommunication circuit
2633:Fiber-optic communication
2616:
2378:Francis Blake (telephone)
2325:
2173:Optical telecommunication
2017:
1939:Dynamic range compression
1894:
1856:Dual-tone multi-frequency
1834:
1798:
1770:Professional mobile radio
1745:
1732:Single Frequency Approach
1692:
1621:
1553:
1379:Land mobile earth station
1317:
1201:World Health Organization
823:Access point base station
621:Thicketty, South Carolina
563:World Health Organization
239:Terrestrial Trunked Radio
2771:Orbital angular-momentum
2208:Satellite communications
2047:Communications satellite
1964:Radiotelephony procedure
1780:Specialized Mobile Radio
1547:Emergency locator beacon
1169:Business/Industrial Pool
996:Silicon RF Power MOSFETS
904:Silicon RF Power MOSFETS
793:Base transceiver station
605:
458:Amateur and hobbyist use
256:(MOSFETs), particularly
84:. In surveying, it is a
49:) is – according to the
2650:Molecular communication
2473:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
2302:Undersea telegraph line
2037:Cable protection system
1674:Multi-Use Radio Service
1471:Radio astronomy station
858:Audio level compression
798:Mobile switching center
191:Wireless communications
78:wireless communications
34:A 1980s consumer-grade
2792:Communication protocol
2578:Charles Sumner Tainter
2393:Walter Houser Brattain
2338:Edwin Howard Armstrong
2146:Information revolution
1746:Land-based commercial
1634:Amateur radio repeater
1419:Aircraft earth station
1339:Survival craft station
991:Baliga, Bantval Jayant
899:Baliga, Bantval Jayant
554:giving concerns about
537:electromagnetic fields
532:
382:
318:
39:
2766:Polarization-division
2498:Narinder Singh Kapany
2463:Erna Schneider Hoover
2383:Jagadish Chandra Bose
2363:Alexander Graham Bell
2094:online video platform
1748:and government mobile
1695:(aeronautical mobile)
1311:ITU Radio Regulations
530:
364:
312:
178:Wireless access point
132:fleet, the base of a
33:
27:Type of radio station
2608:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2568:Almon Brown Strowger
2538:Charles Grafton Page
2193:Prepaid mobile phone
2121:Electrical telegraph
1785:Trunked radio system
1649:Public Radio Service
1644:Family Radio Service
1622:Amateur and hobbyist
1539:Multi-satellite link
1495:Radar beacon (racon)
1451:Radio beacon station
1423:Broadcasting station
1407:Aeronautical station
1355:Mobile earth station
639:towers disguised as
517:switching facilities
365:The diagram shows a
36:citizens' band radio
3087:Wireless networking
2558:Johann Philipp Reis
2317:Wireless revolution
2279:The Telephone Cases
2136:Hydraulic telegraph
1816:Coast radio station
1702:Air traffic control
1639:Citizens band radio
1387:Coast earth station
1375:Land mobile station
1327:Terrestrial station
1207:on January 19, 2014
969:ST Microelectronics
932:Asif, Saad (2018).
270:wireless revolution
246:RF power amplifiers
172:Computer networking
136:network as used by
63:land mobile service
2756:Frequency-division
2733:Telephone exchange
2603:Charles Wheatstone
2533:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2508:Innocenzo Manzetti
2443:Reginald Fessenden
2178:Optical telegraphy
2011:Telecommunications
1799:Marine (shipboard)
1684:UHF CB (Australia)
1395:Ship earth station
1371:Base earth station
1363:Land earth station
1231:2011-07-06 at the
1181:Warren PM (2006).
619:A cell tower near
533:
489:Wireless telephone
484:Wireless telephone
383:
319:
266:bipolar transistor
244:Base stations use
219:wireless telephone
142:emergency services
114:local area network
47:base radio station
40:
3069:
3068:
2807:Store and forward
2802:Data transmission
2716:Network switching
2667:Transmission line
2513:Guglielmo Marconi
2478:Internet pioneers
2343:Mohamed M. Atalla
2312:Whistled language
1977:
1976:
1838:Selective calling
1581:
1580:
1531:Satellite network
833:Cellular repeater
315:Selective calling
98:telephone network
55:Radio Regulations
38:(CB) base station
16:(Redirected from
3104:
3059:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3027:
2900:Notable networks
2890:Wireless network
2830:Cellular network
2822:Types of network
2797:Computer network
2684:Network topology
2598:Thomas A. Watson
2453:Oliver Heaviside
2438:Philo Farnsworth
2413:Daniel Davis Jr.
2388:Charles Bourseul
2348:John Logie Baird
2057:Data compression
2052:Computer network
2004:
1997:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1895:System elements
1821:Marine VHF radio
1608:
1601:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1571:
1561:
1560:
1527:Satellite system
1415:Aircraft station
1322:
1304:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1253:
1241:
1235:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1203:. Archived from
1193:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1172:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1135:
1129:
1122:
1116:
1109:
1103:
1096:
1090:
1083:
1077:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1034:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1001:World Scientific
987:
981:
980:
978:
976:
960:
954:
953:
929:
923:
922:
909:World Scientific
895:
886:
883:
778:
755:
743:
720:
704:
684:
660:
632:
616:
523:Emissions issues
367:band-pass filter
124:fleet such as a
102:computer network
70:mobile telephony
21:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3025:
3023:
3015:
2957:
2894:
2816:
2780:
2737:
2686:
2678:
2619:
2612:
2518:Robert Metcalfe
2373:Tim Berners-Lee
2321:
2141:Information Age
2013:
2008:
1978:
1973:
1954:Rayleigh fading
1896:
1890:
1837:
1830:
1794:
1747:
1741:
1694:
1688:
1617:
1612:
1582:
1577:
1549:
1515:Radio altimeter
1491:Secondary radar
1467:Amateur station
1320:
1318:
1313:
1298:
1261:
1256:
1251:Wayback Machine
1242:
1238:
1233:Wayback Machine
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1179:
1175:
1162:
1158:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1132:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1011:
988:
984:
974:
972:
962:
961:
957:
950:
942:. p. 134.
930:
926:
919:
896:
889:
884:
880:
876:
853:Signal strength
789:
782:
779:
770:
756:
747:
744:
735:
724:Trunked systems
721:
712:
705:
696:
685:
676:
661:
652:
633:
624:
617:
608:
590:
588:Emergency power
525:
513:microwave radio
486:
460:
414:stations in US
283:
278:
250:radio-frequency
221:system such as
193:
185:wireless router
180:
174:
157:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3110:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3043:
3033:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2751:Space-division
2747:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2588:Camille Tissot
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2563:Claude Shannon
2560:
2555:
2553:Tivadar Puskás
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2523:Antonio Meucci
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2493:Charles K. Kao
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2468:Harold Hopkins
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Emile Berliner
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:Videotelephony
2304:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2205:
2203:Radiotelephone
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2089:Internet video
2081:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1897:and principles
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Radio repeater
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1565:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1535:Satellite link
1533: |
1507:ILS glide path
1437: |
1351:Mobile station
1325:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1307:Radio stations
1297:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1259:External links
1257:
1255:
1254:
1236:
1218:
1188:
1173:
1156:
1143:
1130:
1117:
1104:
1091:
1078:
1065:
1052:
1042:
1029:
1016:
1009:
982:
955:
948:
924:
917:
911:. p. 71.
887:
877:
875:
872:
871:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
848:Portable phone
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
788:
785:
784:
783:
780:
773:
771:
767:wireless modem
763:sector antenna
757:
750:
748:
745:
738:
736:
722:
715:
713:
706:
699:
697:
686:
679:
677:
662:
655:
653:
634:
627:
625:
618:
611:
607:
604:
589:
586:
524:
521:
504:
503:
496:
485:
482:
459:
456:
455:
454:
445:
442:temporary base
438:
431:
404:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
282:
279:
277:
274:
242:
241:
236:
215:
192:
189:
173:
170:
156:
155:Land surveying
153:
96:and the wider
82:land surveying
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3109:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3062:
3054:
3052:
3044:
3042:
3034:
3032:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3011:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2776:Code-division
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:Time-division
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:and switching
2685:
2681:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2638:optical fiber
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:Coaxial cable
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Radia Perlman
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Lee de Forest
2431:
2429:
2428:Thomas Edison
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:Donald Davies
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:Claude Chappe
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2247:Smoke signals
2245:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2225:Semiconductor
2223:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2084:Digital media
2082:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1790:Walkie-talkie
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:Business band
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Amateur radio
1627:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:Two-way radio
1609:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545: |
1544:
1541: |
1540:
1537: |
1536:
1532:
1529: |
1528:
1525: |
1524:
1521: |
1520:
1517: |
1516:
1513: |
1512:
1511:Marker beacon
1509: |
1508:
1505: |
1504:
1503:ILS localizer
1501: |
1500:
1497: |
1496:
1493: |
1492:
1489: |
1488:
1487:Primary radar
1485: |
1484:
1481: |
1480:
1477: |
1476:
1473: |
1472:
1469: |
1468:
1465: |
1464:
1461: |
1460:
1457: |
1456:
1453: |
1452:
1449: |
1448:
1445: |
1444:
1441: |
1440:
1436:
1433: |
1432:
1429: |
1428:
1425: |
1424:
1421: |
1420:
1417: |
1416:
1413: |
1412:
1409: |
1408:
1405: |
1404:
1401: |
1400:
1397: |
1396:
1393: |
1392:
1389: |
1388:
1385: |
1384:
1383:Coast station
1381: |
1380:
1377: |
1376:
1373: |
1372:
1369: |
1368:
1365: |
1364:
1361: |
1360:
1357: |
1356:
1353: |
1352:
1349: |
1348:
1345: |
1344:
1343:Fixed station
1341: |
1340:
1337: |
1336:
1335:Space station
1333: |
1332:
1331:Earth station
1329: |
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1147:
1140:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1114:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1012:
1010:9789812561213
1006:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
986:
971:
970:
965:
959:
951:
949:9780429881343
945:
941:
937:
936:
928:
920:
918:9789812561213
914:
910:
906:
905:
900:
894:
892:
882:
878:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
777:
772:
768:
764:
760:
754:
749:
742:
737:
733:
732:block diagram
729:
725:
719:
714:
710:
703:
698:
694:
690:
683:
678:
674:
670:
666:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
631:
626:
622:
615:
610:
609:
603:
601:
597:
594:
585:
583:
581:
576:
572:
566:
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
529:
520:
518:
514:
510:
501:
497:
494:
493:
492:
490:
481:
479:
476:
471:
469:
465:
464:amateur radio
452:
451:
446:
443:
439:
436:
432:
429:
425:
421:
420:
419:
417:
413:
409:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
388:
387:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
359:
357:
353:
349:
343:
341:
337:
331:
329:
325:
316:
311:
307:
305:
301:
296:
292:
288:
276:Two-way radio
273:
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94:mobile phones
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56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
18:Base stations
2743:Multiplexing
2618:Transmission
2583:Nikola Tesla
2573:Henry Sutton
2528:Samuel Morse
2458:Robert Hooke
2423:Amos Dolbear
2358:John Bardeen
2277:
2257:Telautograph
2161:Mobile phone
2116:Edholm's law
2099:social media
2032:Broadcasting
1876:Quik-Call II
1866:Push-to-talk
1836:Signaling /
1765:Mobile radio
1755:Base station
1754:
1523:Space system
1403:Port station
1391:Ship station
1367:Base station
1366:
1359:Land station
1239:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1205:the original
1200:
1191:
1182:
1176:
1159:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1133:
1125:
1120:
1112:
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1060:
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1037:
1032:
1024:
1019:
995:
985:
973:. Retrieved
967:
958:
934:
927:
903:
881:
838:Mobile phone
596:backup power
591:
579:
574:
567:
560:
552:RF radiation
545:
534:
505:
487:
472:
461:
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427:
423:
411:
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405:
384:
351:
344:
339:
335:
332:
320:
284:
281:Professional
262:power MOSFET
243:
209:push-to-talk
194:
181:
158:
86:GPS receiver
67:
59:land station
46:
43:Base station
42:
41:
2943:NPL network
2655:Radio waves
2593:Alfred Vail
2503:Hedy Lamarr
2488:Dawon Kahng
2448:Elisha Gray
2408:Yogen Dalal
2333:Nasir Ahmed
2267:Teleprinter
2131:Heliographs
1959:Tone remote
1949:Link budget
1944:Fade margin
1871:Quik-Call I
1543:Feeder link
1074:RTO circuit
868:Bandstacked
689:Mexico City
580:non-thermal
468:mobile rigs
379:transmitter
352:RTO circuit
214:system, or;
165:propagation
116:and/or the
90:transceiver
3076:Categories
2989:Antarctica
2948:Toasternet
2870:Television
2353:Paul Baran
2285:Television
2269:(teletype)
2262:Telegraphy
2240:transistor
2218:Phryctoria
2188:Photophone
2166:Smartphone
2156:Mass media
1669:Mobile rig
1519:Radiosonde
1211:2014-09-08
975:4 December
874:References
600:cell sites
584:harmless.
475:Australian
371:receiver's
328:Providence
300:tow trucks
176:See also:
138:government
76:and other
57:(RR) – a "
3082:Surveying
2973:Americas
2962:Locations
2933:Internet2
2694:Bandwidth
2398:Vint Cerf
2295:streaming
2273:Telephone
2213:Semaphore
2104:streaming
1929:DC remote
1919:Call sign
1693:Aviation
1072:The term
940:CRC Press
828:Cell site
818:Femtocell
808:Microcell
803:Macrocell
728:repeaters
665:palm tree
593:Fuel cell
348:DC-remote
291:hand-held
289:fleet of
233:cell site
110:computers
53:'s (ITU)
3041:Category
2928:Internet
2918:CYCLADES
2835:Ethernet
2785:Concepts
2709:terminal
2660:wireless
2483:Bob Kahn
2326:Pioneers
2151:Internet
2042:Cable TV
1934:Dispatch
1861:MDC-1200
1806:2182 kHz
1727:MULTICOM
1563:Category
1247:Archived
1229:Archived
993:(2005).
901:(2005).
813:Picocell
787:See also
450:repeater
375:isolator
340:unselect
304:taxicabs
287:dispatch
223:cellular
201:wireless
130:delivery
122:dispatch
118:Internet
3061:Commons
3051:Outline
3004:Oceania
2923:FidoNet
2908:ARPANET
2721:circuit
2290:digital
2019:History
1904:Antenna
1881:Selcall
1811:500 kHz
1712:Airband
1659:KDR 444
1319:desig-
1185:. IEEE.
863:OpenBTS
673:Arizona
649:Ireland
582:effects
575:thermal
541:antenna
509:carrier
435:control
408:control
100:. In a
80:and in
61:in the
2999:Europe
2969:Africa
2953:Usenet
2913:BITNET
2850:Mobile
2726:packet
2235:MOSFET
2230:device
2027:Beacon
1886:SELCAL
1851:D-STAR
1737:UNICOM
1679:PMR446
1664:LPD433
1573:Portal
1321:nation
1007:
946:
915:
769:on top
693:Mexico
669:Tucson
645:Dublin
571:ICNIRP
515:, and
478:UHF CB
354:s), a
336:select
324:Boston
295:mobile
106:switch
2982:South
2977:North
2938:JANET
2875:Telex
2865:Radio
2704:Nodes
2699:Links
2620:media
2198:Radio
2183:Pager
2111:Drums
2077:video
2072:image
2062:audio
1846:CTCSS
1483:Radar
759:WiMAX
641:trees
606:Media
428:fixed
424:fixed
412:fixed
258:LDMOS
197:radio
149:shack
144:or a
134:TETRA
2994:Asia
2880:UUCP
2840:ISDN
1909:APRS
1005:ISBN
977:2019
944:ISBN
913:ISBN
765:and
709:iDEN
635:Two
561:The
356:DS-1
338:and
302:and
226:CDMA
140:and
126:taxi
108:for
45:(or
2885:WAN
2855:NGN
2845:LAN
2126:Fax
2067:DCT
1924:CAD
667:in
643:in
473:An
462:In
410:or
293:or
230:GSM
228:or
195:In
161:GPS
128:or
65:."
3078::
1199:.
1167:.
1003:.
999:.
966:.
938:.
907:.
890:^
691:,
671:,
647:,
548:RF
511:,
447:A
440:A
433:A
422:A
306:.
272:.
217:a
207:a
187:.
151:.
146:CB
72:,
3012:)
3008:(
2003:e
1996:t
1989:v
1607:e
1600:t
1593:v
1293:e
1286:t
1279:v
1216:.
1214:.
1013:.
979:.
952:.
921:.
675:.
651:.
623:.
569:(
502:.
260:(
248:(
235:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
