752:
5511:
7634:
5504:
1667:
1176:
4008:
694:
4833:
1496:
1606:
1518:
1080:
4819:
1776:
1198:
1031:
1635:
1467:
1109:
990:
7086:
6299:
1404:
1131:
7072:
1426:
968:
4812:
7079:
4014:
5518:
143:
4826:
1577:
7647:
6317:
114:
6305:
6324:
7641:
7066:
6312:
7769:
685:. However, this tooth lacks spinosaurid synapomorphies. Other undescribed specimens include UT-JAW2 from Libya and various remains from Spain, such as Baryonychinae indet. from Vallipón, Castellote, Spain, LAD0-2 from Spain CMP-2 from Cantera del Mas de la Parreta 1, from Castilla y Leon, from the El Castellar Formation, Tenadas del Jabali, and from Mas de Curolles.
1910:
jaw) sideways when the jaw was depressed, which allowed the pharynx (opening that connects the mouth to the oesophagus) to be widened. This jaw-articulation is similar to that seen in pterosaurs and living pelicans, and would likewise have allowed spinosaurids to swallow large prey such as fish and other animals.
2781:
F. Torcida Fernández, L. A. Izquierdo
Montero, P. Huerta Hurtado, D. Montero Huerta, and G. Pérez Martínez. 2003. Dientes de dinosaurios (Theropoda, Sauropoda), en el Cretácico Inferior de Burgos (España) . In F. Pérez Lorente, M. M. Romero Molina & P. Rivas Carrera (eds.), Dinosaurios y Otros
2673:
Infante, P.; Canudo, José Ignacio; Ruiz Omeñaca, José Ignacio (2005). "Primera evidencia de dinosaurios terópodos en la
Formación Mirambel (Barremiense inferior, Cretácico Inferior) en Castellote, Teruel" [First evidence of theropod dinosaurs from the Mirambel Formation (Lower Barremian, Lower
1909:
found with both fish as well as a juvenile iguanodontid contents within the stomach region. Another instance is pointed out by a 2016 study by the
Belgian palaeontologist Christophe Hendrickx and colleagues. They found that adult spinosaurs could displace their mandibular rami (halves of the lower
1890:
Baryonychine teeth are small and recurved with little to no serrations, resembling those of crocodiles. These are considered adaptations for piscivory, as numerous recurved teeth aid in holding a struggling slippery animal within the jaws and down the throat; rather than the serrated teeth in most
785:" holding enlarged, recurved teeth. Behind these expansions, baryonychines featured a subnarial gap complex where dentary teeth fit into, and, further posterior, a dentary gap that the large anteriormost maxillary teeth indented. These animals also bore reduced, narrow premaxillary crests.
3277:
Malafaia, E.; Miguel
Gasulla, J.; Escaso, F.; Narváez, I.; Luis Sanz, J.; Ortega, F. (2019). "A new spinosaurid theropod (Dinosauria: Megalosauroidea) from the late Barremian of Vallibona, Spain: Implications for spinosaurid diversity in the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula".
727:, is estimated to measure 9.5–11 m (31 –36 ft) in length and 3–4.7 tons in weight. Members of this family, like other spinosaurids, sported robust forelimbs with large, three-clawed hands. However, unlike the more derived spinosaurines, these animals possessed small sails, as in
2258:
Sereno, Paul C.; Beck, Allison L.; Dutheil, Didier B.; Gado, Boubacar; Larsson, Hans C. E.; Lyon, Gabrielle H.; Marcot, Jonathan D.; Rauhut, Oliver W. M.; Sadleir, Rudyard W.; Sidor, Christian A.; Varricchio, David D.; Wilson, Gregory P.; Wilson, Jeffrey A. (13 November 1998).
844:. They defined the clade's distinguishing characteristics as "numerous small-sized, serrated teeth in the dentary behind the terminal rosette and deeply-keeled anterior dorsal vertebrae." By 2002, the conclusion was that the subfamily contained the genera
542:, with a more detailed monograph published in 1997. Teeth, hand bones, and vertebrae attributed to the genus were later discovered in 1998 and 2004. The same year, Spinosaurinae and Baryonychinae were cladistically defined by Holtz and colleagues.
762:
Like most other spinosaurids, baryonychines had a very elongated skull compared to other theropods. Furthermore, even in comparison to the spinosaurines their skulls were long. Perhaps the most proportionally-lengthened skull belongs to
769:. In its very crocodilian skull, there is little to no concavity or convexity from the front (premaxillae) to the back (parietals) of the skull, unlike in spinosaurines and most other theropods. Baryonychines possess reduced
751:
2557:
2582:
Le Loeuff, Jean; Métais, Eddy; Dutheil, Didier B.; Rubino, Jean Loup; Buffetaut, Eric; Lafont, François; Cavin, Lionel; Moreau, Fabrice; Tong, Haiyan; Blanpied, Christian; Sbeta, Ali (September 2010).
3326:
Sues, Hans-Dieter; Frey, Eberhard; Martill, David M.; Scott, Diane M. (19 September 2002). "Irritator challengeri , a spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower
Cretaceous of Brazil".
2791:
B. Vila, M. Suñer, A. Santos-Cubedo, J. I. Canudo, B. Poza and A. Galobart. 2011. Saurischians through time. In A. Galobart, M. Suñer, & B. Poza (eds.), Dinosaurs of
Eastern Iberia 130-168
613:
described these specimens, IWCMS 2014.95.5, IWCMS 2021.30, IWCMS 2014.95.1-3, IWCMS 2014.95.4, IWCMS 2014.95.6, IWCMS 2014.96.1, 2; 2020.448.1, 2, and IWCMS 2014.96.3, as the two new genera
3184:
Allain, Ronan; Xaisanavong, Tiengkham; Richir, Philippe; Khentavong, Bounsou (May 2012). "The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos".
3238:
Arden, T.M.S.; Klein, C.G.; Zouhri, S.; Longrich, N.R. (2018). "Aquatic adaptation in the skull of carnivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) and the evolution of aquatic habits in
3033:"Morphofunctional Analysis of the Quadrate of Spinosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) and the Presence of Spinosaurus and a Second Spinosaurine Taxon in the Cenomanian of North Africa"
2539:
709:
Even though baryonychines were on average smaller than the more advanced spinosaurines, they were still decently large compared to theropods in general. The smallest members,
2706:
Presencia de
Baryonychinae (Theropoda) en el Aptiense inferior (Cretácico Inferior) de Laurasia: Cantera Mas de la Parreta, Formación Arcillas de Morella (Morella, Castellón)
2006:
Odontography; or, A treatise on the comparative anatomy of the teeth; their physiological relations, mode of development, and microscopic structure, in the vertebrate animals
677:
of China dated to ~86-85 million years ago. They interpreted the tooth as belonging to a probable baryonychine, which would expand the temporal range of
Baryonychinae, and
739:(for the latter two, sails were assumed judging by their phylogenetic position); some with only the vertebrae of the sacral region being elongated, or none at all, as in
2711:
Presence of
Baryonychinae (Theropoda) in the lower Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) of Laurasia: Cantera Mas de la Parreta, Arcillas de Morella Formation (Morella, Castellón)
2934:
Rayfield, Emily J.; Milner, Angela C.; Xuan, Viet Bui; Young, Philippe G. (12 December 2007). "Functional morphology of spinosaur 'crocodile-mimic' dinosaurs".
2152:
Therrien, François; Henderson, Donald M. (12 March 2007). "My theropod is bigger than yours … or not: estimating body size from skull length in theropods".
3142:"A new specimen of Spinosaurus (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Tunisia, with remarks on the evolutionary history of the Spinosauridae"
916:
have been included in phylogenetic analyses, nearly always finding them to be sister genera in
Baryonychinae, such as in the analysis performed by Arden
2747:
Alonso, Antonio; Canudo, Jose (2015-04-29). "On the spinosaurid theropod teeth from the early Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Blesa Formation (Spain)".
1949:
Holtz, Thomas R.; Molnar, Ralph E.; Currie, Philip J. (2019). "Basal Tetanurae". In Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka (eds.).
673:
Numerous undescribed specimens have been found as well, such as XMDFEC V0010, described in 2010 by Hone, Xu and Wang; a theropod tooth from the
1905:
as one of the most complete representatives of the group shows evidence of a generalist behavior. One recorded instance is the holotype of
549:
discovered specimen MNHN GDF 266 consisting of two premaxillae, a partial maxilla, and a dentary, along with several similar remains from
807:. Those who name families are considered the nominal authors of the subfamilies also. The family Baryonychidae was invalidated when
7713:
3390:"A new theropod dinosaur from the early cretaceous (Barremian) of Cabo Espichel, Portugal: Implications for spinosaurid evolution"
2214:
Taquet, Philippe; Russell, Dale A. (September 1998). "New data on spinosaurid dinosaurs from the early cretaceous of the Sahara".
1300:
postorbital facet of frontal dorsoventrally thick (height more than 40% of length) and excavated by a deep, longitudinal slot;
516:
The second described representative of the subfamily was unearthed in 1983 by fossil collector William John Walker, within the
2782:
Reptiles Mesozoicos en España. Congreso Internacional sobre Dinosaurios y otros Reptiles Mesozoicos en España, Logroño 335-346
2558:"Second discovery of a spinosaurid tooth from the Sebayashi Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Kanna Town, Gunma Prefecture, Japan"
2440:
2657:
2359:
1966:
5510:
5503:
3491:
7633:
2717:. III Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontología de Dinosaurios y su Entorno (in Spanish). Salas de los Infantes, Spain.
3470:
2728:
Fernández-Baldor, Fidel Torcida (2005). "Los dinosaurios de Castilla y León" [The dinosaurs of Castilla y León].
446:
2521:[A probable Baryonychine (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) tooth from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan Province, China].
2382:
Barker, C.T.; Hone, D.; Naish, D.; Cau, A.; Lockwood, J.; Foster, B.; Clarkin, C.; Schneider, P.; Gostling, N. (2021).
1927:
teeth, and listed it along with other such associations as support for opportunistic feeding behaviour in spinosaurs.
441:
Baryonychines were large, bipedal predators with elongated, crocodile-like skulls and lower jaw tips fanning out into
2910:
2030:
Vertébrés fossiles du Portugal: contributions à l'étude des poissons et des reptiles du jurassique et du crétacique
525:
6298:
4832:
1311:
889:
found it to belong to this subfamily, although almost all subsequent studies have found otherwise, placing it in
567:, although after several inconclusive debates on whether or not the specimen represents the then newly described
4818:
3339:
2325:
7071:
2947:
2818:"Body mass estimation in non-avian bipeds using a theoretical conversion to quadruped stylopodial proportions"
2165:
7794:
7512:
4811:
4007:
2704:
2384:"New spinosaurids from the Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, UK) and the European origins of Spinosauridae"
663:
6316:
4013:
528:, discovering a 65% complete skeleton: NHMUK VP R9951. In 1986, the specimen was published and described by
7085:
2804:
1169:
5517:
2518:
142:
4825:
1270:, Andrea Cau, Lockwood, Foster, Clarkin, Schneider, and Gostling described two new spinosaurid species,
7759:
7078:
2034:
Fossil vertebrates from Portugal: contributions to the study of Jurassic and Cretacic fish and reptiles
6323:
3362:
2123:
7646:
2864:"A Century of Spinosaurs - A Review and Revision of the Spinosauridae with Comments on Their Ecology"
1278:, and placed them well-supportedly in Baryonychinae. They placed them within the newly created tribe
563:
453:
claw, to which the subfamily name indirectly refers. Members of this group, unlike the more derived
3558:
1310:
Members of this clade range in length from 7.7 to 9.5 m (25.3 to 31 ft). The results of their
1073:
615:
667:
7704:
7640:
6304:
3463:
1191:
1024:
872:
470:
434:
1895:
2016 likened the cranial evolution and adaptations to piscivory in spinosaurids to those of the
7744:
7731:
7666:
3092:"The spinosaurid dinosaur Baryonyx (Saurischia, Theropoda) in the Early Cretaceous of Portugal"
2583:
830:
by Charig & Milner, 1986 & 1997, Sereno, 1998, and Rauhut, 2003. Later in 1998, Sereno
702:
621:
475:
2633:
773:
in comparison to other theropods, with most of the front snout being solid bone formed by the
494:
7789:
7739:
7726:
6029:
5941:
1102:
983:
590:
1666:
1175:
7598:
5718:
5686:
3401:
3193:
3106:
3044:
2982:
2598:
2471:
2395:
2272:
2223:
2073:
1124:
770:
521:
245:
7065:
8:
6042:
5829:
1495:
693:
498:
489:
6311:
3405:
3197:
3110:
3048:
2986:
2602:
2494:
2475:
2459:
2399:
2276:
2227:
2077:
1605:
1517:
1079:
7505:
6018:
5878:
5734:
5674:
5109:
5019:
4902:
3766:
3456:
3424:
3389:
3343:
3295:
3259:
3217:
3122:
3067:
3032:
3005:
2970:
2951:
2883:
2839:
2764:
2614:
2416:
2383:
2329:
2169:
2097:
1972:
1775:
1197:
1030:
674:
517:
137:
3141:
2863:
2802:
Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,
2235:
7387:
7304:
7278:
7117:
7104:
6982:
6532:
6484:
5316:
4666:
3745:
3429:
3347:
3299:
3263:
3209:
3126:
3091:
3072:
3010:
2916:
2906:
2768:
2653:
2618:
2499:
2421:
2355:
2333:
2290:
2089:
2037:
2010:
1976:
1962:
1634:
1466:
1357:
1108:
989:
2955:
2887:
2843:
2816:
Campione, Nicolás E.; Evans, David C.; Brown, Caleb M.; Carrano, Matthew T. (2014).
2460:"A new spinosaurid dinosaur species from the Early Cretaceous of Cinctorres (Spain)"
2173:
1403:
1130:
721:, are estimated at 8–9 m (26–29 ft) and ~1.4-2 tons, while the largest member,
7773:
7491:
7248:
7158:
6947:
6871:
6734:
6653:
6625:
6585:
6466:
6436:
5954:
5707:
5571:
5428:
5328:
5177:
5084:
5042:
4609:
3919:
3419:
3409:
3335:
3287:
3251:
3221:
3201:
3164:
3156:
3114:
3062:
3052:
3000:
2990:
2943:
2875:
2829:
2756:
2683:
2645:
2606:
2489:
2479:
2411:
2403:
2321:
2280:
2231:
2161:
2101:
2081:
1954:
1721:
1691:
1660:
1447:
1425:
967:
961:
866:
782:
626:
606:
554:
538:
533:
449:. They possessed robust forelimbs supporting three-fingered hands with an enlarged
442:
428:
395:
264:
28:
3291:
3255:
2760:
2285:
2260:
7554:
7292:
7255:
7187:
7042:
7035:
6855:
6797:
6770:
6760:
6720:
6555:
6414:
6398:
6216:
6188:
6166:
6053:
5898:
5605:
5379:
5262:
5240:
5161:
4990:
4967:
4960:
4938:
4924:
4917:
4878:
4729:
4576:
4503:
4492:
4428:
4316:
4203:
3780:
3689:
3543:
3518:
3414:
3057:
2995:
2971:"Spinosaur taxonomy and evolution of craniodental features: Evidence from Brazil"
2649:
2261:"A Long-Snouted Predatory Dinosaur from Africa and the Evolution of Spinosaurids"
1570:
682:
678:
546:
2584:"An Early Cretaceous vertebrate assemblage from the Cabao Formation of NW Libya"
2004:
7689:
7519:
7482:
7463:
7425:
7414:
7211:
6924:
6882:
6864:
6844:
6741:
6455:
6200:
6062:
5889:
5871:
5699:
5666:
5652:
5613:
5387:
5248:
5205:
5198:
5120:
5096:
5049:
5008:
4945:
4931:
4659:
4644:
4471:
4305:
4169:
4137:
4126:
4103:
4065:
3926:
3896:
3820:
3759:
3658:
2484:
2407:
1896:
1599:
1331:
1291:
898:
881:
822:
794:
637:. According to the performed analysis and clade definition, the group contains
529:
466:
297:
3205:
3118:
2610:
2312:, a spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil".
2041:
1958:
1576:
7783:
7561:
7407:
7368:
7347:
7226:
7219:
7146:
6940:
6913:
6779:
6696:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6603:
6520:
6383:
6355:
6342:
6266:
6143:
5983:
5817:
5748:
5634:
5621:
5366:
5344:
5337:
5301:
5226:
5150:
4886:
4677:
4651:
4567:
4548:
4541:
4478:
4457:
4436:
4421:
4407:
4366:
4332:
4325:
4244:
4096:
3983:
3976:
3903:
3873:
3862:
3752:
3723:
3716:
3642:
2920:
1557:
1511:
1489:
1343:
1011:
927:
890:
798:
717:
711:
510:
454:
407:
356:
346:
318:
226:
66:
2879:
2834:
2817:
7533:
7471:
7441:
7361:
7354:
7332:
7324:
7204:
7196:
7176:
6891:
6810:
6748:
6639:
6610:
6562:
6391:
6376:
6151:
6083:
6011:
5990:
5969:
5785:
5741:
5549:
5536:
5466:
5419:
5294:
5184:
5136:
5129:
5066:
5035:
5028:
4909:
4736:
4588:
4485:
4387:
4380:
4275:
4259:
4195:
4146:
4078:
3855:
3738:
3731:
3702:
3665:
3634:
3433:
3213:
3076:
3014:
2503:
2425:
2014:
1891:
other theropods which are generalized for cutting and ripping flesh. Vullo
1647:
1267:
1143:
658:
480:
418:. The clade was named by Charig & Milner in 1986 and defined by Sereno
308:
253:
3031:
Hendrickx, Christophe; Mateus, Octávio; Buffetaut, Eric (6 January 2016).
2294:
2093:
1304:
well-defined and strongly curved anterior margins of supratemporal fossa;
605:
From 2013 to 2020, several spinosaurid fragments were discovered from the
113:
7718:
7698:
7587:
7568:
7498:
7448:
7434:
7376:
7317:
7262:
7139:
6933:
6817:
6786:
6703:
6689:
6421:
6369:
6237:
6159:
6122:
6004:
5976:
5929:
5849:
5727:
5584:
5435:
5408:
5308:
5255:
5191:
5170:
5143:
4894:
4707:
4700:
4686:
4512:
4359:
4350:
4252:
4223:
4153:
4118:
4111:
3911:
3889:
3882:
3841:
3833:
3809:
3794:
3773:
3681:
3673:
2543:
1915:
1768:
1751:
1725:
1695:
1397:
904:
813:
774:
577:
484:
450:
399:
391:
328:
41:
2188:
1991:
The fossils of the South Downs or Illustrations of the Geology of Sussex
7526:
7455:
7400:
7021:
6828:
6646:
6632:
6617:
6569:
6503:
6429:
6251:
6244:
6230:
6136:
6069:
5997:
5961:
5914:
5856:
5842:
5809:
5801:
5794:
5775:
5598:
5563:
5351:
4952:
4743:
4693:
4630:
4601:
4556:
4534:
4527:
4519:
4443:
4339:
4298:
4291:
4283:
4267:
4187:
4058:
3934:
3787:
3650:
3509:
2703:
Canudo, J. I.; Gasulla, J. M.; Ortega, F.; Ruiz-Omeñaca, J. I. (2004).
2457:
1460:
1308:
occipital surface of the basisphenoid collateral oval scars excavated."
836:
765:
723:
581:
550:
366:
200:
123:
86:
51:
3160:
3026:
3024:
2688:
2458:
Santos-Cubedo, A.; de Santisteban, C.; Poza, B.; Meseguer, S. (2023).
7547:
7540:
7240:
7233:
6906:
6898:
6837:
6491:
6209:
5755:
5659:
5394:
4979:
4864:
4851:
4778:
4714:
4637:
4616:
4373:
4236:
4044:
4031:
3949:
3801:
3620:
3607:
3570:
3479:
2085:
1628:
811:
was found to be a spinosaurid. Milner stated that it was likely that
387:
213:
154:
103:
91:
35:
7660:
3169:
1899:, a modern family of predatory eels with a similarly evolved skull.
908:
being considered too incomplete and dubious, only the baryonychines
505:
in 1986 that these remains were identified as spinosaurid teeth and
7683:
7131:
6548:
6541:
6513:
6406:
5906:
5287:
4623:
4450:
4211:
3848:
3527:
3503:
3276:
3021:
1419:
803:
778:
580:
and colleagues discovered a ~67% complete skeleton, MNN GDF500, in
569:
558:
411:
287:
187:
174:
129:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
793:
The subfamily Baryonychinae was first implicitly named in 1986 by
6681:
6443:
6173:
6076:
5401:
4722:
3183:
2354:. Special Papers in Palaeontology. Vol. 69. pp. 35–36.
96:
71:
2862:
Hone, David William Elliott; Holtz, Thomas Richard (June 2017).
2352:
The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
7340:
7028:
4464:
3497:
2702:
2638:, in the light of Gauthier's reclassification of the Theropoda"
2556:
Katsuhiro, Kubota; Yuji, Takakuwa; Yoshikazu, Hasegawa (2017).
2147:
2145:
826:
was agreed to be very closely related to, if not identical to,
403:
164:
6180:
5921:
5863:
2905:(2nd ed.). Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
594:. The species was also the subject of synonymy disputes over
415:
383:
3448:
2581:
2142:
7604:
6223:
3388:
Mateus, Octávio; Estraviz-López, Darío (16 February 2022).
3340:
10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0535:ICASDT]2.0.CO;2
2441:"Two New Spinosaurid Dinosaurs from the English Cretaceous"
2326:
10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0535:icasdt]2.0.co;2
2948:
10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[892:fmoscd]2.0.co;2
2815:
2672:
2308:
Sues, H.-D.; Frey, E.; Martill, M.; Scott, D.M. (2002). "
2166:
10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[108:MTIBTY]2.0.CO;2
625:. The study defined a new subclade within Baryonychinae:
557:, Niger. They were in 1998 described as the holotype and
524:, Surrey, England. This initiated the involvement of the
445:
bearing conical, often unserrated, teeth, and a distinct
3237:
3030:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2933:
2555:
801:
when they named the family "Baryonychidae" to include
7757:
3133:
2850:
2625:
2257:
3387:
3367:, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey"
3325:
3140:
Buffetaut, Eric; Ouaja, Mohamed (1 September 2002).
2307:
2216:
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA
2128:, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey"
2055:
2053:
2051:
781:. The tips of the premaxillae were expanded into a "
362:
352:
342:
334:
324:
314:
304:
293:
283:
260:
7013:
2517:Hone, David; Xu, Xing; Wang, Deyou (January 2010).
2036:] (in French). l'Académie royale des Sciences.
656:described a new genus and species of baryonychine,
2381:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
860:. The clade was phylogenetically defined by Holtz
662:, based on a partial skeleton, recovered from the
3354:
3177:
2151:
2048:
1948:
501:of Portugal. It was not until the description of
7781:
7115:
6981:
3371:Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of London
2727:
2132:Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of London
1913:They also reported that the possible Portuguese
6464:
2565:Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History
2108:
588:described the specimen as the new baryonychine
4988:
3542:
3139:
1923:) fossils were found associated with isolated
629:, defined as all taxa more closely related to
3464:
3319:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2213:
2186:
6353:
3360:
3233:
3231:
2968:
2962:
2809:
2746:
2631:
2451:
2121:
2059:
840:, and placed it in Baryonychinae along with
426:in 2004 as all taxa more closely related to
5547:
5465:
4587:
3149:Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France
2632:Charig, Alan J.; Milner, Angela C. (1990).
2345:
2343:
3471:
3457:
2575:
2516:
2368:
2242:
2021:
469:discovered numerous fossil teeth from the
112:
3423:
3413:
3228:
3168:
3089:
3066:
3056:
3004:
2994:
2861:
2833:
2794:
2687:
2674:Cretaceous) from Castellote, Terue].
2493:
2483:
2415:
2284:
457:, sported only low sails or none at all.
4862:
4777:
4042:
3618:
2340:
750:
692:
2868:Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition
2730:Patrimonio Histórico de Castilla y León
2064:, a remarkable new theropod dinosaur".
2027:
1996:
1944:
1942:
1940:
460:
7782:
3314:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
2903:The Princeton field guide to dinosaurs
2519:"中国河南晚白垩世地层一枚可能属于重爪龙亚科(兽脚亚目：棘龙科)的牙齿化石"
2349:
2060:Charig, A. J.; Milner, A. C. (1986). "
7665:
7664:
7103:
7102:
6340:
5534:
4849:
4029:
3605:
3490:
3452:
3361:Charig, A. J.; Milner, A. C. (1997).
2969:Sales, M.A.F.; Schultz, C.L. (2017).
2438:
2122:Charig, A. J.; Milner, A. C. (1997).
473:of Britain. These were in 1841 named
2900:
2439:Naish, Darren (September 29, 2021).
2002:
1937:
864:as all taxa more closely related to
817:belonged to this subfamily as well.
697:Reconstructed forelimb and hand of
13:
3328:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3316:, Princeton University Press p. 87
3270:
2936:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2894:
2533:
2314:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2154:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
7806:
6341:
3444:
3090:Buffetaut, Eric (November 2007).
788:
7767:
7645:
7639:
7632:
7084:
7077:
7070:
7064:
6322:
6315:
6310:
6303:
6297:
5535:
5516:
5509:
5502:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4012:
4006:
2822:Methods in Ecology and Evolution
1774:
1665:
1633:
1604:
1575:
1516:
1494:
1465:
1424:
1402:
1196:
1174:
1129:
1107:
1078:
1029:
988:
966:
602:throughout the 1990s and 2000s.
526:Natural History Museum of London
141:
39:
3381:
3306:
3083:
2927:
2901:Paul, Gregory S. (2016-10-25).
2785:
2775:
2740:
2721:
2696:
2666:
2549:
2510:
2432:
2301:
2009:. H. Baillière. pp. 1–32.
1880:
16:Subfamily of dinosaurs (fossil)
2207:
2180:
1983:
1951:The Dinosauria, Second Edition
688:
1:
4850:
4030:
3606:
3478:
3292:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104221
3256:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.06.013
2761:10.1080/08912963.2015.1036751
2286:10.1126/science.282.5392.1298
2236:10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80054-2
1930:
1266:In 2021, Chris Barker, Hone,
820:In 1998, the newly described
664:Arcillas de Morella Formation
3415:10.1371/journal.pone.0262614
3058:10.1371/journal.pone.0144695
2996:10.1371/journal.pone.0187070
2800:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012)
2650:10.1017/CBO9780511608377.012
2634:"The systematic position of
1170:Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis
940:Praia das Aguncheiras taxon
609:in Britain. In 2021, Barker
7:
879:In the 2012 description of
483:, and were identified as a
121:Skeletal diagram of genera
10:
7811:
2485:10.1038/s41598-023-33418-2
2408:10.1038/s41598-021-97870-8
1885:
1294:to distinguish the clade:
681:as a whole, well into the
659:Protathlitis cinctorrensis
7673:
7629:
7586:
7481:
7424:
7395:
7386:
7312:
7303:
7287:
7276:
7186:
7171:
7167:
7156:
7126:
7111:
7098:
7062:
7009:
6977:
6923:
6881:
6854:
6827:
6805:
6796:
6769:
6758:
6729:
6718:
6598:
6594:
6583:
6531:
6502:
6479:
6475:
6453:
6364:
6349:
6336:
6295:
6265:
6199:
6131:
6121:
6117:
6052:
6037:
6028:
5949:
5940:
5888:
5837:
5828:
5784:
5773:
5717:
5694:
5685:
5647:
5643:
5632:
5593:
5582:
5558:
5543:
5530:
5499:
5461:
5418:
5374:
5365:
5327:
5282:
5273:
5235:
5224:
5160:
5119:
5104:
5095:
5079:
5075:
5064:
5018:
5003:
4999:
4977:
4873:
4858:
4845:
4807:
4773:
4676:
4596:
4566:
4502:
4416:
4405:
4349:
4315:
4231:
4222:
4182:
4178:
4167:
4136:
4091:
4087:
4076:
4053:
4038:
4025:
4003:
3968:
3948:
3872:
3828:
3819:
3711:
3700:
3629:
3614:
3601:
3569:
3551:
3538:
3486:
3206:10.1007/s00114-012-0911-7
3119:10.1017/S0016756807003883
2611:10.1017/S0016756810000178
2350:Rauhut, O. W. M. (2003).
1959:10.1525/9780520941434-009
1766:
1747:
1740:
1717:
1710:
1687:
1680:
1658:
1651:
1626:
1619:
1597:
1590:
1568:
1561:
1509:
1487:
1480:
1458:
1451:
1417:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1371:
1354:
1347:
1329:
1322:
1189:
1167:
1154:
1147:
1122:
1100:
1093:
1071:
1064:
1051:
1044:
1022:
1015:
981:
959:
952:
938:
931:
564:Cristatusaurus lapparenti
280:
275:
270:Charig & Milner, 1986
259:
252:
138:Scientific classification
136:
120:
111:
23:
1272:Ceratosuchops inferodios
1074:Ichthyovenator laosensis
755:Closeup of the teeth of
746:
631:Ceratosuchops inferodios
616:Ceratosuchops inferodios
584:. The next year, Sereno
545:In 1973, paleontologist
465:In 1820, paleontologist
2880:10.1111/1755-6724.13328
2835:10.1111/2041-210X.12226
2193:Charig and Milner 1986"
1689:"Spinosaurus B" (=?cf.
1314:analysis appear below:
1192:Spinosaurus aegyptiacus
1025:Siamosaurus suteethorni
873:Spinosaurus aegyptiacus
652:In 2023, Santos-Cubedo
493:, was named in 1897 by
471:Wadhurst Clay Formation
435:Spinosaurus aegyptiacus
2523:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
2187:Clabby, S. M. (2005).
2028:Sauvage, H. E (1897).
2003:Owen, Richard (1840).
1993:, London, Rupton Relfe
1276:Riparovenator milnerae
920:in 2018, shown below.
759:
706:
703:Museum of Ancient Life
622:Riparovenator milnerae
476:Suchosaurus cultridens
7740:Paleobiology Database
7727:Paleobiology Database
6030:Carcharodontosaurinae
5942:Carcharodontosauridae
2805:Winter 2011 Appendix.
2310:Irritator challengeri
1989:Mantell, G.A., 1822,
1103:Irritator challengeri
984:Suchomimus tenerensis
754:
696:
591:Suchomimus tenerensis
244:Charig & Milner,
7795:Dinosaur subfamilies
7014:Dubious coelurosaurs
5719:Metriacanthosaurinae
5687:Metriacanthosauridae
3969:Dubious neotheropods
2644:. pp. 127–140.
2642:Dinosaur Systematics
1125:Oxalaia quilombensis
896:Up until 2021, with
834:described the genus
771:antorbital fenestrae
522:Weald Clay Formation
487:. A second species,
461:History of discovery
422:. in 1998 and Holtz
6043:Carcharodontosaurus
5830:Carcharodontosauria
3406:2022PLoSO..1762614M
3280:Cretaceous Research
3244:Cretaceous Research
3198:2012NW.....99..369A
3186:Naturwissenschaften
3111:2007GeoM..144.1021B
3099:Geological Magazine
3049:2016PLoSO..1144695H
2987:2017PLoSO..1287070S
2603:2010GeoM..147..750L
2591:Geological Magazine
2476:2023NatSR..13.6471S
2400:2021NatSR..1119340B
2277:1998Sci...282.1298S
2271:(5392): 1298–1302.
2228:1998CRASE.327..347T
2078:1986Natur.324..359C
1953:. pp. 71–110.
499:Papo Seco Formation
495:Henri-Émile Sauvage
490:Suchosaurus girardi
7506:Archaeornithomimus
6019:Veterupristisaurus
5879:Veterupristisaurus
5735:Metriacanthosaurus
5675:Piatnitzkysauridae
5110:Eustreptospondylus
5020:Piatnitzkysauridae
4903:Chuandongocoelurus
3767:Notatesseraeraptor
3312:Paul, G.S., 2010,
2749:Historical Biology
2540:Majiacun Formation
2464:Scientific Reports
2388:Scientific Reports
1919:(formerly seen as
1719:MSNM-V4047 (=?cf.
1156:Gara Samani taxon
760:
707:
675:Majiacun Formation
509:was placed in the
479:by paleontologist
447:premaxillary notch
7755:
7754:
7667:Taxon identifiers
7658:
7657:
7654:
7653:
7627:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7619:
7618:
7615:
7614:
7582:
7581:
7578:
7577:
7388:Macrocheiriformes
7305:Ornithomimosauria
7279:Maniraptoriformes
7272:
7271:
7118:Maniraptoromorpha
7105:Maniraptoromorpha
7094:
7093:
7060:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7005:
7004:
7001:
7000:
6983:Maniraptoromorpha
6973:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6714:
6713:
6579:
6578:
6533:Proceratosauridae
6485:Chingkankousaurus
6332:
6331:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6261:
6260:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6092:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5526:
5525:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5361:
5360:
5317:Vallibonavenatrix
5220:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5060:
5059:
4841:
4840:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4163:
4162:
4021:
4020:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3944:
3943:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3161:10.2113/173.5.415
2659:978-0-521-36672-4
2361:978-0-901702-79-1
2072:(6095): 359–361.
1968:978-0-520-94143-4
1877:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1787:
1786:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1437:
1436:
1358:Vallibonavenatrix
1263:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1001:
1000:
377:
376:
248:
7802:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7763:
7748:
7747:
7735:
7734:
7722:
7721:
7709:
7708:
7707:
7694:
7693:
7692:
7662:
7661:
7649:
7643:
7636:
7492:Aepyornithomimus
7393:
7392:
7310:
7309:
7285:
7284:
7249:Sinocalliopteryx
7169:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7159:Neocoelurosauria
7124:
7123:
7113:
7112:
7100:
7099:
7088:
7081:
7074:
7068:
7011:
7010:
6979:
6978:
6948:Zhuchengtyrannus
6872:Thanatotheristes
6803:
6802:
6767:
6766:
6735:Appalachiosaurus
6727:
6726:
6596:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6586:Pantyrannosauria
6477:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6467:Tyrannosauroidea
6462:
6461:
6437:Xinjiangovenator
6362:
6361:
6351:
6350:
6338:
6337:
6326:
6319:
6314:
6307:
6301:
6129:
6128:
6119:
6118:
6035:
6034:
5955:Acrocanthosaurus
5947:
5946:
5835:
5834:
5782:
5781:
5708:Yangchuanosaurus
5692:
5691:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5640:
5591:
5590:
5572:Lourinhanosaurus
5556:
5555:
5545:
5544:
5532:
5531:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5463:
5462:
5429:Sigilmassasaurus
5372:
5371:
5329:Ceratosuchopsini
5280:
5279:
5233:
5232:
5178:Dubreuillosaurus
5102:
5101:
5085:Streptospondylus
5077:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5043:Piatnitzkysaurus
5001:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4986:
4985:
4871:
4870:
4860:
4859:
4847:
4846:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4775:
4774:
4610:Ekrixinatosaurus
4594:
4593:
4585:
4584:
4414:
4413:
4229:
4228:
4180:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4051:
4050:
4040:
4039:
4027:
4026:
4016:
4010:
3920:Procompsognathus
3826:
3825:
3709:
3708:
3627:
3626:
3616:
3615:
3603:
3602:
3549:
3548:
3540:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3488:
3487:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3450:
3449:
3438:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3365:Baryonyx walkeri
3358:
3352:
3351:
3323:
3317:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3146:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3105:(6): 1021–1025.
3096:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3070:
3060:
3028:
3019:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2981:(11): e0187070.
2966:
2960:
2959:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2874:(3): 1120–1132.
2859:
2848:
2847:
2837:
2813:
2807:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2636:Baryonyx walkeri
2629:
2623:
2622:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2553:
2547:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2487:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2445:Tetrapod Zoology
2436:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2379:
2366:
2365:
2347:
2338:
2337:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2255:
2240:
2239:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2126:Baryonyx walkeri
2119:
2106:
2105:
2086:10.1038/324359a0
2057:
2046:
2045:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2000:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1946:
1778:
1743:
1742:
1722:Sigilmassasaurus
1713:
1712:
1692:Sigilmassasaurus
1683:
1682:
1669:
1661:Sigilmassasaurus
1654:
1653:
1637:
1622:
1621:
1608:
1593:
1592:
1579:
1564:
1563:
1520:
1498:
1483:
1482:
1469:
1454:
1453:
1448:Ceratosuchopsini
1428:
1406:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1350:
1349:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1290:diagnosed three
1280:Ceratosuchopsini
1200:
1178:
1150:
1149:
1133:
1111:
1096:
1095:
1082:
1067:
1066:
1053:Eumeralla taxon
1047:
1046:
1033:
1018:
1017:
992:
970:
962:Baryonyx walkeri
955:
954:
934:
933:
924:
923:
867:Baryonyx walkeri
783:terminal rosette
635:Baryonyx walkeri
627:Ceratosuchopsini
607:Wessex Formation
555:Elrhaz Formation
539:Baryonyx walkeri
534:Angela C. Milner
429:Baryonyx walkeri
396:Early Cretaceous
364:
354:
344:
338:Ceratosuchopsini
336:
326:
316:
306:
295:
285:
265:Baryonyx walkeri
262:
243:
238:
225:
146:
145:
116:
101:
38:
29:Early Cretaceous
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
7810:
7809:
7805:
7804:
7803:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7780:
7779:
7778:
7768:
7766:
7758:
7756:
7751:
7743:
7738:
7730:
7725:
7717:
7712:
7703:
7702:
7697:
7688:
7687:
7682:
7669:
7659:
7650:
7637:
7611:
7574:
7555:Sinornithomimus
7477:
7420:
7382:
7299:
7293:Compsognathidae
7281:
7268:
7256:Sinosauropteryx
7188:Compsognathidae
7182:
7161:
7152:
7120:
7107:
7090:
7089:
7075:
7048:
7043:Shanyangosaurus
7036:Phaedrolosaurus
6997:
6953:
6919:
6877:
6856:Daspletosaurini
6850:
6823:
6798:Tyrannosaurinae
6792:
6771:Albertosaurinae
6763:
6761:Tyrannosauridae
6754:
6723:
6721:Eutyrannosauria
6710:
6588:
6575:
6556:Proceratosaurus
6527:
6498:
6469:
6458:
6449:
6415:Richardoestesia
6399:Chilantaisaurus
6358:
6345:
6328:
6327:
6308:
6281:
6257:
6217:Australovenator
6195:
6189:Chilantaisaurus
6167:Phuwiangvenator
6089:
6054:Giganotosaurini
6048:
6024:
5936:
5899:Chilantaisaurus
5884:
5824:
5778:
5761:
5713:
5681:
5637:
5628:
5606:Monolophosaurus
5587:
5578:
5552:
5539:
5522:
5521:
5507:
5481:
5441:
5414:
5380:Camarillasaurus
5357:
5323:
5269:
5263:Ostafrikasaurus
5241:Camarillasaurus
5229:
5212:
5162:Afrovenatorinae
5156:
5115:
5091:
5069:
5056:
5014:
4993:
4991:Megalosauroidea
4982:
4973:
4968:Vectaerovenator
4961:Szechuanosaurus
4939:Monolophosaurus
4925:Kaijiangosaurus
4918:Cryolophosaurus
4879:Calamospondylus
4867:
4854:
4837:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4793:
4749:
4730:Pycnonemosaurus
4672:
4583:
4577:Majungasaurinae
4562:
4504:Majungasaurinae
4498:
4493:Xenotarsosaurus
4429:Dryptosauroides
4410:
4393:
4345:
4317:Elaphrosaurinae
4311:
4218:
4204:Ornithomimoides
4172:
4159:
4132:
4081:
4072:
4047:
4034:
4017:
4011:
3989:
3964:
3940:
3868:
3815:
3781:Shuangbaisaurus
3705:
3696:
3623:
3610:
3585:
3565:
3559:Avemetatarsalia
3544:Avemetatarsalia
3534:
3519:Avemetatarsalia
3493:
3492:
3482:
3477:
3447:
3442:
3441:
3400:(2): e0262614.
3386:
3382:
3359:
3355:
3324:
3320:
3311:
3307:
3275:
3271:
3236:
3229:
3182:
3178:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3094:
3088:
3084:
3043:(1): e0144695.
3029:
3022:
2967:
2963:
2932:
2928:
2913:
2899:
2895:
2860:
2851:
2814:
2810:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2776:
2745:
2741:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2701:
2697:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2630:
2626:
2586:
2580:
2576:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2538:
2534:
2515:
2511:
2456:
2452:
2437:
2433:
2380:
2369:
2362:
2348:
2341:
2306:
2302:
2256:
2243:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2185:
2181:
2150:
2143:
2120:
2109:
2058:
2049:
2026:
2022:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1984:
1969:
1947:
1938:
1933:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1670:
1638:
1609:
1580:
1571:Camarillasaurus
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1499:
1470:
1438:
1429:
1407:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1179:
1134:
1112:
1083:
1034:
1002:
993:
971:
791:
749:
691:
683:Late Cretaceous
679:Megalosauroidea
547:Philippe Taquet
463:
271:
268:
242:
236:
223:
140:
107:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
34:139.8–112
33:
32:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7808:
7798:
7797:
7792:
7777:
7776:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7749:
7736:
7723:
7710:
7695:
7679:
7677:
7671:
7670:
7656:
7655:
7652:
7651:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7621:
7620:
7617:
7616:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7601:
7592:
7590:
7584:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7572:
7565:
7558:
7551:
7544:
7537:
7530:
7523:
7520:Dromiceiomimus
7516:
7509:
7502:
7495:
7487:
7485:
7483:Ornithomimidae
7479:
7478:
7476:
7475:
7468:
7464:Paraxenisaurus
7460:
7452:
7445:
7438:
7430:
7428:
7426:Deinocheiridae
7422:
7421:
7419:
7418:
7415:Shenzhousaurus
7411:
7404:
7396:
7390:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7380:
7373:
7365:
7358:
7351:
7344:
7337:
7329:
7321:
7313:
7307:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7297:
7288:
7282:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7266:
7259:
7252:
7245:
7237:
7230:
7223:
7216:
7212:Beipiaognathus
7208:
7201:
7192:
7190:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7172:
7162:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7143:
7136:
7127:
7121:
7116:
7109:
7108:
7096:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7083:
7069:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7039:
7032:
7025:
7017:
7015:
7007:
7006:
7003:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6987:
6985:
6975:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6967:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6951:
6944:
6937:
6929:
6927:
6925:Tyrannosaurini
6921:
6920:
6918:
6917:
6910:
6903:
6895:
6887:
6885:
6883:Teratophoneini
6879:
6878:
6876:
6875:
6868:
6865:Daspletosaurus
6860:
6858:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6845:Qianzhousaurus
6841:
6833:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6814:
6806:
6800:
6794:
6793:
6791:
6790:
6783:
6775:
6773:
6764:
6759:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6752:
6745:
6742:Bistahieversor
6738:
6730:
6724:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6700:
6693:
6686:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6657:
6650:
6643:
6636:
6629:
6622:
6614:
6607:
6599:
6589:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6566:
6559:
6552:
6545:
6537:
6535:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6517:
6509:
6507:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6496:
6488:
6480:
6470:
6465:
6459:
6456:Tyrannoraptora
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6440:
6433:
6426:
6418:
6411:
6403:
6395:
6388:
6380:
6373:
6365:
6359:
6354:
6347:
6346:
6334:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6321:
6302:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6271:
6269:
6263:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6248:
6241:
6234:
6227:
6220:
6213:
6205:
6203:
6201:Megaraptoridae
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6185:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6148:
6140:
6132:
6126:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6080:
6073:
6066:
6063:Giganotosaurus
6058:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6038:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6015:
6008:
6001:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5966:
5958:
5950:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5926:
5918:
5911:
5903:
5894:
5892:
5890:Neovenatoridae
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5875:
5872:Ulughbegsaurus
5868:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5838:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5814:
5806:
5798:
5790:
5788:
5779:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5731:
5723:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5704:
5700:Xuanhanosaurus
5695:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5671:
5667:Xuanhanosaurus
5663:
5656:
5653:Asfaltovenator
5648:
5638:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5618:
5614:Megalosauridae
5610:
5602:
5594:
5588:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5568:
5559:
5553:
5548:
5541:
5540:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5515:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5471:
5469:
5459:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5432:
5424:
5422:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5388:Ichthyovenator
5384:
5375:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5333:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5313:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5283:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5259:
5252:
5249:Cristatusaurus
5245:
5236:
5230:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5206:Poekilopleuron
5202:
5199:Piveteausaurus
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5166:
5164:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5125:
5123:
5121:Megalosaurinae
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5105:
5099:
5097:Megalosauridae
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5080:
5070:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5050:Xuanhanosaurus
5046:
5039:
5032:
5024:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5009:Yunyangosaurus
5004:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4949:
4946:Pandoravenator
4942:
4935:
4932:Kayentavenator
4928:
4921:
4914:
4906:
4899:
4891:
4883:
4874:
4868:
4863:
4856:
4855:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4783:
4781:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4711:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4682:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4663:
4660:Skorpiovenator
4656:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4597:
4591:
4582:
4581:
4572:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4553:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4516:
4508:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4472:Spectrovenator
4468:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4425:
4417:
4411:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4355:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4321:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4306:Spinostropheus
4302:
4295:
4288:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4256:
4249:
4241:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4208:
4200:
4192:
4183:
4173:
4170:Abelisauroidea
4168:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4150:
4142:
4140:
4138:Ceratosauridae
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4127:Saltriovenator
4123:
4115:
4108:
4104:Fosterovenator
4100:
4092:
4082:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4066:Lophostropheus
4062:
4054:
4048:
4043:
4036:
4035:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3980:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3931:
3927:Pterospondylus
3923:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3897:Lucianovenator
3893:
3886:
3878:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3829:
3823:
3821:Coelophysoidea
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3806:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3760:Lophostropheus
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3706:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3686:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3659:Erythrovenator
3655:
3647:
3639:
3630:
3624:
3619:
3612:
3611:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3575:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3552:
3546:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3521:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3446:
3445:External links
3443:
3440:
3439:
3380:
3353:
3334:(3): 535–547.
3318:
3305:
3269:
3227:
3192:(5): 369–377.
3176:
3155:(5): 415–421.
3132:
3082:
3020:
2961:
2942:(4): 892–901.
2926:
2911:
2893:
2849:
2828:(9): 913–923.
2808:
2793:
2784:
2774:
2755:(6): 823–834.
2739:
2732:(in Spanish).
2720:
2695:
2678:(in Spanish).
2665:
2658:
2624:
2597:(5): 750–759.
2574:
2548:
2532:
2525:(in Chinese).
2509:
2450:
2431:
2367:
2360:
2339:
2320:(3): 535–547.
2300:
2241:
2222:(5): 347–353.
2206:
2179:
2160:(1): 108–115.
2141:
2107:
2047:
2020:
1995:
1982:
1967:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1897:Muraenesocidae
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1749:FSAC-KK11888 (
1746:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1600:Ichthyovenator
1596:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:Megalosauridae
1328:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1292:autapomorphies
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
998:
995:
994:
987:
980:
977:
976:
973:
972:
965:
958:
953:
951:
950:Baryonychinae
947:
946:
943:
942:
937:
932:
930:
922:
899:Cristatusaurus
882:Ichthyovenator
850:Cristatusaurus
823:Cristatusaurus
795:Alan J. Charig
790:
789:Classification
787:
748:
745:
690:
687:
596:Cristatusaurus
530:Alan J. Charig
518:Smokejacks Pit
467:Gideon Mantell
462:
459:
382:is an extinct
375:
374:
373:
372:
371:
370:
360:
350:
332:
322:
312:
302:
298:Cristatusaurus
291:
278:
277:
273:
272:
269:
257:
256:
250:
249:
234:
230:
229:
221:
217:
216:
211:
204:
203:
198:
191:
190:
185:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
134:
133:
118:
117:
109:
108:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7807:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7787:
7785:
7775:
7765:
7764:
7761:
7746:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7728:
7724:
7720:
7715:
7711:
7706:
7705:Baryonychinae
7700:
7696:
7691:
7685:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7676:
7675:Baryonychinae
7672:
7668:
7663:
7648:
7644:
7642:
7635:
7606:
7602:
7600:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7593:
7591:
7589:
7585:
7571:
7570:
7566:
7564:
7563:
7562:Struthiomimus
7559:
7557:
7556:
7552:
7550:
7549:
7545:
7543:
7542:
7538:
7536:
7535:
7531:
7529:
7528:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7517:
7515:
7514:
7513:"Coelosaurus"
7510:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7461:
7458:
7457:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7446:
7444:
7443:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7427:
7423:
7417:
7416:
7412:
7410:
7409:
7408:Pelecanimimus
7405:
7403:
7402:
7398:
7397:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7385:
7379:
7378:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7369:Thecocoelurus
7366:
7364:
7363:
7359:
7357:
7356:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7348:Kinnareemimus
7345:
7343:
7342:
7338:
7335:
7334:
7330:
7327:
7326:
7322:
7320:
7319:
7315:
7314:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7302:
7295:
7294:
7290:
7289:
7286:
7283:
7280:
7275:
7265:
7264:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7238:
7236:
7235:
7231:
7229:
7228:
7227:Huaxiagnathus
7224:
7222:
7221:
7220:Compsognathus
7217:
7214:
7213:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7202:
7199:
7198:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7189:
7185:
7179:
7178:
7174:
7173:
7170:
7166:
7163:
7160:
7155:
7149:
7148:
7147:Ornitholestes
7144:
7142:
7141:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7114:
7110:
7106:
7101:
7097:
7087:
7082:
7080:
7073:
7067:
7045:
7044:
7040:
7038:
7037:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7026:
7024:
7023:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7012:
7008:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6976:
6950:
6949:
6945:
6943:
6942:
6941:Tyrannosaurus
6938:
6936:
6935:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6926:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6914:Teratophoneus
6911:
6909:
6908:
6904:
6901:
6900:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6884:
6880:
6874:
6873:
6869:
6867:
6866:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6847:
6846:
6842:
6840:
6839:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6808:
6807:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6795:
6789:
6788:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6780:Albertosaurus
6777:
6776:
6774:
6772:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6757:
6751:
6750:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6732:
6731:
6728:
6725:
6722:
6717:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6697:Xiongguanlong
6694:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6675:Suskityrannus
6672:
6670:
6669:
6668:Stokesosaurus
6665:
6663:
6662:
6661:Santanaraptor
6658:
6656:
6655:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6637:
6635:
6634:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6615:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6604:Alectrosaurus
6601:
6600:
6597:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6582:
6572:
6571:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6553:
6551:
6550:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6530:
6523:
6522:
6521:Tanycolagreus
6518:
6516:
6515:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6501:
6494:
6493:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6482:
6481:
6478:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6452:
6446:
6445:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6419:
6417:
6416:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6384:Bahariasaurus
6381:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6366:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6356:Coelurosauria
6352:
6348:
6344:
6343:Coelurosauria
6339:
6335:
6325:
6320:
6318:
6313:
6306:
6300:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6267:Coelurosauria
6264:
6254:
6253:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6228:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6219:
6218:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6144:Bahariasaurus
6141:
6139:
6138:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6086:
6085:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6021:
6020:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5995:
5993:
5992:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5984:Kelmayisaurus
5981:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5939:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5881:
5880:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5820:
5819:
5818:Saurophaganax
5815:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5772:
5758:
5757:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5749:Siamotyrannus
5746:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5635:Allosauroidea
5631:
5624:
5623:
5622:Spinosauridae
5619:
5616:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5581:
5574:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5533:
5529:
5519:
5514:
5512:
5505:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5367:Spinosaurinae
5364:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5345:Riparovenator
5342:
5340:
5339:
5338:Ceratosuchops
5335:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5302:Riojavenatrix
5299:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5275:Baryonychinae
5272:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5227:Spinosauridae
5223:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5151:Wiehenvenator
5148:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5063:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4887:Chienkosaurus
4884:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4848:
4844:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4678:Furileusauria
4675:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4652:Rahiolisaurus
4649:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4568:Carnotaurinae
4565:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4549:Rahiolisaurus
4546:
4544:
4543:
4542:Majungasaurus
4539:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4479:Tarascosaurus
4476:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4437:Eoabelisaurus
4434:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4422:Chenanisaurus
4419:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4408:Abelisauridae
4404:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4367:Masiakasaurus
4364:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4333:Huinculsaurus
4330:
4328:
4327:
4326:Elaphrosaurus
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4245:Austrocheirus
4242:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4166:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4097:Berberosaurus
4094:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4015:
4009:
3986:
3985:
3984:Halticosaurus
3981:
3979:
3978:
3977:Teinurosaurus
3974:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:Megapnosaurus
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3874:Coelophysidae
3871:
3865:
3864:
3863:Powellvenator
3860:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3753:Liliensternus
3750:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:Dolichosuchus
3721:
3719:
3718:
3717:Dilophosaurus
3714:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3699:
3692:
3691:
3690:Herrerasauria
3687:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:Daemonosaurus
3640:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3309:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3273:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3234:
3232:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3180:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3078:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3027:
3025:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2912:9781400883141
2908:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2797:
2788:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2628:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2346:
2344:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2194:
2192:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1558:Spinosaurinae
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1512:Ceratosuchops
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1490:Riparovenator
1485:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1378:Baryonychinae
1376:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1351:
1345:
1344:Spinosauridae
1342:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1012:Spinosaurinae
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
997:
996:
991:
986:
985:
979:
978:
975:
974:
969:
964:
963:
957:
956:
949:
948:
945:
944:
941:
936:
935:
929:
928:Spinosauridae
926:
925:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
906:
901:
900:
894:
892:
891:Spinosaurinae
888:
884:
883:
877:
875:
874:
869:
868:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:
833:
829:
825:
824:
818:
816:
815:
810:
806:
805:
800:
799:Angela Milner
796:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:
758:
753:
744:
742:
738:
737:Ceratosuchops
734:
733:Riparovenator
730:
726:
725:
720:
719:
718:Riparovenator
714:
713:
712:Ceratosuchops
704:
700:
695:
686:
684:
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
660:
655:
650:
648:
644:
643:Riparovenator
640:
639:Ceratosuchops
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:
618:
617:
612:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
592:
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
571:
566:
565:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
540:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
511:Spinosauridae
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
486:
482:
478:
477:
472:
468:
458:
456:
455:Spinosaurinae
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
436:
431:
430:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:Baryonychinae
369:
368:
361:
359:
358:
357:Riparovenator
351:
349:
348:
347:Ceratosuchops
341:
340:
339:
333:
331:
330:
323:
321:
320:
319:Riojavenatrix
313:
311:
310:
303:
300:
299:
292:
290:
289:
282:
281:
279:
274:
267:
266:
258:
255:
251:
247:
241:
240:Baryonychinae
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:Spinosauridae
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
135:
132:
131:
126:
125:
119:
115:
110:
105:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
37:
30:
24:Baryonychines
22:
19:
7790:Spinosaurids
7674:
7638:
7567:
7560:
7553:
7546:
7539:
7534:Ornithomimus
7532:
7525:
7518:
7511:
7504:
7497:
7490:
7472:Tyrannomimus
7470:
7462:
7454:
7447:
7442:Deinocheirus
7440:
7433:
7413:
7406:
7399:
7375:
7367:
7362:Nqwebasaurus
7360:
7355:Nedcolbertia
7353:
7346:
7339:
7333:Calamosaurus
7331:
7325:Aviatyrannis
7323:
7316:
7291:
7261:
7254:
7247:
7239:
7232:
7225:
7218:
7210:
7205:Aristosuchus
7203:
7197:Aniksosaurus
7195:
7177:Aniksosaurus
7175:
7145:
7138:
7130:
7076:
7041:
7034:
7027:
7020:
6946:
6939:
6932:
6912:
6905:
6897:
6892:Dynamoterror
6890:
6870:
6863:
6843:
6836:
6816:
6811:Asiatyrannus
6809:
6785:
6778:
6749:Dryptosaurus
6747:
6740:
6733:
6702:
6695:
6688:
6680:
6673:
6666:
6659:
6652:
6645:
6640:Jinbeisaurus
6638:
6631:
6624:
6616:
6611:Aviatyrannis
6609:
6602:
6568:
6563:Sinotyrannus
6561:
6554:
6547:
6540:
6519:
6512:
6490:
6483:
6442:
6435:
6428:
6420:
6413:
6405:
6397:
6392:Bicentenaria
6390:
6382:
6377:Asiamericana
6375:
6368:
6309:
6250:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6208:
6187:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6152:Deltadromeus
6150:
6142:
6135:
6084:Tyrannotitan
6082:
6075:
6068:
6061:
6041:
6017:
6012:Taurovenator
6010:
6003:
5996:
5991:Lajasvenator
5989:
5982:
5975:
5970:Concavenator
5968:
5960:
5953:
5928:
5920:
5913:
5905:
5897:
5877:
5870:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5841:
5816:
5808:
5800:
5793:
5786:Allosauridae
5754:
5747:
5742:Shidaisaurus
5740:
5733:
5726:
5706:
5698:
5673:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5620:
5612:
5604:
5597:
5570:
5562:
5550:Avetheropoda
5537:Avetheropoda
5508:
5467:Avetheropoda
5434:
5427:
5420:Spinosaurini
5407:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5378:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5315:
5307:
5300:
5295:Protathlitis
5293:
5286:
5274:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5239:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5185:Leshansaurus
5183:
5176:
5169:
5149:
5142:
5137:Megalosaurus
5135:
5130:Duriavenator
5128:
5108:
5083:
5067:Megalosauria
5048:
5041:
5036:Marshosaurus
5034:
5029:Condorraptor
5027:
5007:
4966:
4959:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4910:Cruxicheiros
4908:
4901:
4893:
4885:
4877:
4742:
4737:Quilmesaurus
4735:
4728:
4721:
4713:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4665:
4658:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4600:
4589:Brachyrostra
4575:
4555:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4518:
4511:
4491:
4486:Tralkasaurus
4484:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4427:
4420:
4388:Vespersaurus
4386:
4381:Velocisaurus
4379:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4282:
4276:Deltadromeus
4274:
4266:
4260:Compsosuchus
4258:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4210:
4202:
4196:Lametasaurus
4194:
4186:
4152:
4147:Ceratosaurus
4145:
4125:
4117:
4110:
4102:
4095:
4079:Ceratosauria
4064:
4057:
3982:
3975:
3933:
3925:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3861:
3856:Podokesaurus
3854:
3847:
3840:
3832:
3808:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3739:Gojirasaurus
3737:
3732:Dracovenator
3730:
3722:
3715:
3703:Neotheropoda
3688:
3680:
3672:
3666:Guaibasaurus
3664:
3657:
3649:
3641:
3635:Chindesaurus
3633:
3523:
3514:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3356:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3313:
3308:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3152:
3148:
3135:
3102:
3098:
3085:
3040:
3036:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2902:
2896:
2871:
2867:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2801:
2796:
2787:
2777:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2736:(23): 23–34.
2733:
2729:
2723:
2710:
2705:
2698:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2641:
2635:
2627:
2594:
2590:
2577:
2568:
2564:
2551:
2535:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2444:
2434:
2394:(1): 19340.
2391:
2387:
2351:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2268:
2264:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2190:
2182:
2157:
2153:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1985:
1950:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1892:
1889:
1881:Paleobiology
1767:
1750:
1748:
1720:
1718:
1690:
1688:
1659:
1648:Spinosaurini
1627:
1598:
1569:
1510:
1488:
1459:
1418:
1396:
1377:
1356:
1355:
1330:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1268:Darren Naish
1265:
1190:
1168:
1155:
1144:Spinosaurini
1123:
1101:
1072:
1052:
1023:
982:
960:
939:
917:
913:
909:
903:
897:
895:
886:
880:
878:
871:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
835:
831:
827:
821:
819:
812:
808:
802:
792:
764:
761:
756:
740:
736:
732:
728:
722:
716:
710:
708:
698:
672:
657:
653:
651:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
620:
614:
610:
604:
599:
595:
589:
585:
575:
568:
562:
544:
537:
515:
506:
502:
488:
481:Richard Owen
474:
464:
440:
433:
427:
423:
419:
392:spinosaurids
379:
378:
365:
355:
345:
337:
327:
317:
309:Protathlitis
307:
296:
286:
263:
254:Type species
239:
207:
194:
181:
128:
122:
18:
7699:Wikispecies
7599:Maniraptora
7588:Maniraptora
7569:Tototlmimus
7499:Anserimimus
7449:Garudimimus
7435:Beishanlong
7377:Valdoraptor
7318:Arkansaurus
7263:Xunmenglong
7140:Juravenator
6934:Tarbosaurus
6818:Nanuqsaurus
6787:Gorgosaurus
6704:Megaraptora
6690:Timurlengia
6422:Sciurumimus
6370:Aratasaurus
6238:Murusraptor
6160:Fukuiraptor
6123:Megaraptora
6005:Shaochilong
5977:Eocarcharia
5930:Megaraptora
5850:Lusovenator
5728:Alpkarakush
5585:Carnosauria
5436:Spinosaurus
5409:Siamosaurus
5309:Suchosaurus
5256:Iberospinus
5192:Magnosaurus
5171:Afrovenator
5144:Torvosaurus
4895:Chilesaurus
4708:Carnotaurus
4701:Caletodraco
4687:Abelisaurus
4513:Arcovenator
4360:Laevisuchus
4351:Noasaurinae
4253:Berthasaura
4224:Noasauridae
4154:Genyodectes
4119:Lukousaurus
4112:Jubbulpuria
3912:Panguraptor
3890:Coelophysis
3883:Camposaurus
3842:Panguraptor
3834:Dracoraptor
3810:Zupaysaurus
3795:Tachiraptor
3774:Sarcosaurus
3674:Nhandumirim
3250:: 275–284.
3240:Spinosaurus
2544:Fossilworks
2470:(1). 6471.
2195:. DinoWight
1916:Iberospinus
1769:Spinosaurus
1752:Spinosaurus
1726:Spinosaurus
1696:Spinosaurus
1398:Iberospinus
905:Suchosaurus
858:Suchosaurus
814:Suchosaurus
775:premaxillae
689:Description
578:Paul Sereno
507:Suchosaurus
485:crocodilian
451:first digit
400:Valanginian
329:Suchosaurus
233:Subfamily:
7784:Categories
7527:Gallimimus
7456:Harpymimus
7401:Harpymimus
7022:Iliosuchus
6992:see below↓
6829:Alioramini
6647:Juratyrant
6633:Eotyrannus
6618:Bagaraatan
6570:Yutyrannus
6504:Coeluridae
6430:Vayuraptor
6276:see below↓
6252:Tratayenia
6245:Orkoraptor
6231:Megaraptor
6137:Aoniraptor
6070:Mapusaurus
5998:Sauroniops
5962:Altispinax
5915:Neovenator
5857:Siamraptor
5843:Datanglong
5810:Epanterias
5802:Antrodemus
5795:Allosaurus
5776:Allosauria
5599:Altispinax
5564:Gasosaurus
5476:see below↓
5352:Suchomimus
4953:Sinosaurus
4788:see below↓
4744:Viavenator
4694:Aucasaurus
4631:Ilokelesia
4602:Dahalokely
4557:Rajasaurus
4535:Indosaurus
4528:Genusaurus
4520:Dahalokely
4444:Indosuchus
4340:Limusaurus
4299:Ligabueino
4292:Kiyacursor
4284:Genusaurus
4268:Dahalokely
4188:Betasuchus
4059:Dornraptor
3959:see below↓
3935:Segisaurus
3788:Sinosaurus
3651:Eodromaeus
3580:see below↓
3528:Dinosauria
3510:Sauropsida
3286:: 104221.
2689:10272/8751
2199:12 October
2042:1015745741
1931:References
1461:Suchomimus
1284:Suchomimus
1282:alongside
910:Suchomimus
854:Suchomimus
837:Suchomimus
766:Suchomimus
757:Suchomimus
729:Suchomimus
724:Suchomimus
699:Suchomimus
647:Suchomimus
582:Gadoufaoua
551:Gadoufaoua
367:Suchomimus
276:Subgroups
201:Saurischia
188:Dinosauria
124:Suchomimus
7774:Dinosaurs
7719:209560687
7603:includes
7548:Rativates
7541:Qiupalong
7241:Scipionyx
7234:Mirischia
6907:Lythronax
6899:Labocania
6838:Alioramus
6492:Labocania
6210:Aerosteon
5756:Sinraptor
5660:Erectopus
5395:Irritator
4980:Orionides
4865:Tetanurae
4852:Tetanurae
4779:Tetanurae
4715:Elemgasem
4638:Llukalkan
4617:Elemgasem
4374:Noasaurus
4237:Afromimus
4045:Averostra
4032:Averostra
3950:Averostra
3802:Velocipes
3621:Theropoda
3608:Theropoda
3571:Theropoda
3496:Kingdom:
3480:Theropoda
3348:131050889
3300:202189246
3264:134735938
3127:130212901
2921:954055249
2769:131023889
2676:Geogaceta
2619:130450882
2334:131050889
1977:226816827
1925:Iguanodon
1772:holotype
1629:Irritator
1286:. Barker
885:, Allain
670:, Spain.
668:Castellón
576:In 1997,
559:paratypes
497:from the
394:from the
388:subfamily
214:Theropoda
161:Kingdom:
155:Eukaryota
104:Santonian
102:Possible
7690:Q2653145
7684:Wikidata
7132:Coelurus
6549:Kileskus
6542:Guanlong
6514:Coelurus
6407:Gualicho
5907:Gualicho
5288:Baryonyx
4624:Guemesia
4451:Kryptops
4212:Ozraptor
3849:Pendraig
3504:Chordata
3502:Phylum:
3498:Animalia
3434:35171930
3394:PLOS ONE
3377:: 11–70.
3214:22528021
3170:2042/216
3077:26734729
3037:PLOS ONE
3015:29107966
2975:PLOS ONE
2956:85854809
2888:90952478
2844:84317234
2529:: 19–26.
2504:37202441
2495:10195869
2426:34588472
2191:Baryonyx
2174:86025320
2138:: 11–70.
2062:Baryonyx
1921:Baryonyx
1907:Baryonyx
1903:Baryonyx
1420:Baryonyx
1312:Bayesian
914:Baryonyx
870:than to
846:Baryonyx
842:Baryonyx
828:Baryonyx
809:Baryonyx
804:Baryonyx
779:maxillae
741:Baryonyx
633:than to
600:Baryonyx
570:Baryonyx
503:Baryonyx
443:rosettes
432:than to
412:Portugal
288:Baryonyx
220:Family:
175:Chordata
171:Phylum:
165:Animalia
151:Domain:
130:Baryonyx
6682:Timimus
6444:Zuolong
6174:Rapator
6077:Meraxes
5402:Oxalaia
4723:Koleken
3746:Lepidus
3508:Class:
3425:8849621
3402:Bibcode
3222:2647367
3194:Bibcode
3107:Bibcode
3068:4703214
3045:Bibcode
3006:5673194
2983:Bibcode
2599:Bibcode
2472:Bibcode
2417:8481559
2396:Bibcode
2295:9812890
2273:Bibcode
2265:Science
2224:Bibcode
2102:4343514
2094:3785404
2074:Bibcode
2015:5294428
1886:Feeding
408:Britain
7760:Portal
7341:Hexing
7029:Kakuru
6626:Dilong
4667:Thanos
4645:Niebla
4465:Rugops
4458:Kurupi
3432:
3422:
3346:
3298:
3262:
3220:
3212:
3125:
3075:
3065:
3013:
3003:
2954:
2919:
2909:
2886:
2842:
2767:
2713:]
2656:
2617:
2571:: 1–6.
2502:
2492:
2424:
2414:
2358:
2332:
2293:
2172:
2100:
2092:
2066:Nature
2040:
2013:
1975:
1965:
1893:et al,
1288:et al.
918:et al.
887:et al.
862:et al.
856:, and
832:et al.
735:, and
705:, Utah
654:et al.
645:, and
611:et al.
586:et al.
424:et al.
414:, and
404:Albian
106:record
7745:53369
7732:58892
7605:birds
6654:Moros
6181:Siats
5922:Siats
5864:Siats
3524:Clade
3515:Clade
3344:S2CID
3296:S2CID
3260:S2CID
3218:S2CID
3145:(PDF)
3123:S2CID
3095:(PDF)
2952:S2CID
2884:S2CID
2840:S2CID
2765:S2CID
2715:(PDF)
2709:[
2615:S2CID
2587:(PDF)
2561:(PDF)
2330:S2CID
2170:S2CID
2098:S2CID
2032:[
1973:S2CID
1755:sp.)
1729:sp.)
1699:sp.)
747:Skull
420:et al
416:Niger
406:) of
384:clade
208:Clade
195:Clade
182:Clade
7714:GBIF
7597:see
6224:Maip
3682:Tawa
3557:see
3430:PMID
3210:PMID
3073:PMID
3011:PMID
2917:OCLC
2907:ISBN
2654:ISBN
2546:.org
2500:PMID
2422:PMID
2356:ISBN
2291:PMID
2201:2015
2090:PMID
2038:OCLC
2011:OCLC
1963:ISBN
1274:and
912:and
902:and
797:and
777:and
715:and
619:and
598:and
532:and
246:1986
127:and
42:PreꞒ
3420:PMC
3410:doi
3336:doi
3288:doi
3284:106
3252:doi
3242:".
3202:doi
3165:hdl
3157:doi
3153:173
3115:doi
3103:144
3063:PMC
3053:doi
3001:PMC
2991:doi
2944:doi
2876:doi
2830:doi
2757:doi
2684:hdl
2646:doi
2607:doi
2595:147
2542:at
2490:PMC
2480:doi
2412:PMC
2404:doi
2322:doi
2281:doi
2269:282
2232:doi
2220:327
2162:doi
2082:doi
2070:324
1955:doi
666:of
561:of
536:as
390:of
386:or
7786::
7742::
7729::
7716::
7701::
7686::
3526::
3517::
3428:.
3418:.
3408:.
3398:17
3396:.
3392:.
3375:53
3373:.
3369:.
3342:.
3332:22
3330:.
3294:.
3282:.
3258:.
3248:93
3246:.
3230:^
3216:.
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3051:.
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3009:.
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301:?
294:†
284:†
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237:†
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97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:Ꞓ
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