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374:. They could also be hydraulically powered, with a turbine or waterwheel arrangement giving the mechanical force to turn the barrel and pump the bellows. The last barrel organs were electrically powered, or converted to electrical power. Eventually, many large barrel organs had their barrel actions removed and were converted to play a different format of music, such as
348:. With a few exceptions, organ grinders used one of the smaller, more portable versions of the barrel organ, containing perhaps one (or just a few) rank(s) of pipes and only 7 to 9 tunes. Use of these organs was limited by their weight. Most weighed 25 to 50 pounds but some were as heavy as 100 pounds.
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To allow different tunes to be played from one barrel, the barrel can be moved laterally to bring a different set of pins and staples under the keys. Street barrel organs usually play 7 to 9 tunes, although small organs (usually the older ones) can play up to 15 tunes. Less commonly (and usually
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A set of levers called keys is positioned just above the surface of the barrel. Each key corresponds to one pitch. A rod is connected to the rear of each key. The other end of the rod is a metal pin which operates a valve within the wind chest. When the instrument is played (by turning the crank),
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Especially in churches, some large barrel organs were built as "barrel and finger" organs. Such instruments are furnished with a normal organ keyboard, in addition to the automatic mechanism, making it possible to play them by hand when a human organist is available. The barrels were often out of
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The pieces of music (or tunes) are encoded onto the barrel using metal pins and staples. Pins are used for short notes, and staples of varying lengths for longer notes. Each barrel usually carried several different tunes. Pinning such barrels was something of an art form, and the quality of the
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Since the music is hard-coded onto the barrel, the only way for a barrel organ to play a different set of tunes is to replace the barrel with another one. While not a difficult operation, barrels are unwieldy and expensive, so many organ grinders have only one barrel for their instrument.
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on the crank shaft causes the barrel to rotate slowly and its pins and staples lift the fronts of the keys. This causes the other end of the key to press down on the end of the rod which, in turn, activates the valve and allows air from the bellows to pass into the corresponding pipe.
74:, but rather than being played by an organist, the barrel organ is activated either by a person turning a crank, or by clockwork driven by weights or springs. The pieces of music are encoded onto wooden barrels (or cylinders), which are
229:-covered wheel rotated against tuned strings. Another key difference is that the hurdy-gurdy player is free to play any tune he or she desires, while the barrel organist is generally confined to pre-programmed tunes.
336:) the pinning will form one continuous spiral and the barrel will be gradually moved as it rotates so that the pins remain lined up with the keys. In this case, each barrel plays only one long tune.
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The size of the barrel will depend on the number of notes in the organ and the length of the tune to be played. The more notes, the longer the barrel. The longer the tune, the greater the diameter.
370:, and other large establishments such as sports arenas and theaters. The large barrel organs were often powered by very heavy weights and springs, like a more powerful version of a
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225:(street musicians), but the two terms should not be confused. Although the hurdy-gurdy is also powered by a crank and often used by street performers, it produces sound with a
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and have to endure significant mechanical strain. Damage to the barrel, such as warpage, would have a direct (and usually detrimental) effect on the music produced.
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instead of by pins on a barrel. While many of these terms refer to the physical operation of the crank, some refer to an exotic origin. The French name
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offsets on the crank shaft cause bellows to open and close to produce pressurized air. A reservoir/regulator maintains a constant pressure. A
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The organ barrels must be sturdy to maintain precise alignment over time, since they play the same programming role as
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of the traditional pipe organ. A person (or in some cases, a trained animal) who plays a barrel organ is known as an
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is sometimes mistakenly applied to a small, portable barrel organ that was frequently played by organ grinders and
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housed in a case, usually of wood, and often highly decorated. The basic principle is the same as a traditional
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music produced by a barrel organ is largely a function of the quality of its pinning.
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rather than barrels. This allows a much greater variety of melodies to be played.
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Langwill, Lyndesay G. & Ord-Hume, Arthur W.J.G. (2001). "Barrel organ". In
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At the beginning of the 20th century, large barrel organs intended for use as
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A barrel organ player in Warnemünde, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
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Barrel Organ: The Story of the
Mechanical Organ and Its Repair
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with categories about "Mechanical" Music and "Musical Boxes"
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Project about mechanical music machines in Czech
Republic
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163:(from Bayern-Austrian "Kinterne"); Italian names include
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Association of Barrel organ players in Czech
Republic
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There were many larger versions located in churches,
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An Open Source
Virtual Barrel Organ Player Software
344:The barrel organ was the traditional instrument of
96:There are many names for the barrel organ, such as
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178:However, several of these names include types of
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568:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
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232:Some also confuse the barrel organ with the
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62:mechanical musical instrument consisting of
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34:A barrel organ player in Vienna, Austria
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652:Reblitz, Arthur A., Q. David Bowers.
611:Mais, où se trouve la Barbarie ?
171:("German organ"); the Polish name is
290:Detail of inner part of barrel organ
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634:Ord-Hume, Arthur W. J. G. (1978).
182:for which the music is encoded as
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663:New York: Drake Publishers, 1975.
656:New York: The Vestal Press, 1981.
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630:. New York: Facts on File, 1976.
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638:. London: Allen & Unwin.
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319:A barrel organ player in
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66:and one or more ranks of
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571:(2nd ed.). London:
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236:or calliope. In the
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600:." Official website.
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676:- Official website
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492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:(Netherlands)
476:
473:
472:
462:
457:
450:
445:
441:
434:
429:
425:
418:
413:
412:
411:
409:
405:
401:
400:street organs
397:
392:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
357:
353:
349:
347:
337:
335:
327:or main plaza
326:
323:just off the
322:
317:
310:
305:
301:
298:
288:
279:
275:
272:
270:
265:
258:
253:
244:
242:
241:barrel pianos
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
194:, suggesting
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
123:
119:
118:grinder organ
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
89:
87:
86:
85:organ grinder
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:(also called
49:
40:
32:
19:
1680:Orgue de rue
1669:
1251:
1229:Voix céleste
1219:Registration
1189:Tibia Clausa
1036:Construction
896:Cuckoo clock
868:Player piano
863:Barrel piano
847:Welte-Mignon
782:Barrel organ
781:
712:
660:
653:
635:
627:
605:
592:
566:
552:
540:
526:Street organ
486:Player piano
393:
389:
361:
343:
334:orchestrions
330:
293:
276:
273:
266:
262:
231:
216:
203:
199:
191:
177:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
126:
121:
117:
114:street organ
105:
101:
97:
95:
83:
55:
52:roller organ
51:
48:barrel organ
47:
45:
18:Barrel-organ
1690:Ralé-poussé
1448:instruments
1239:Zimbelstern
1023:Pipe organs
981:Photoplayer
964:Orchestrion
792:Dance organ
491:Dance organ
404:music rolls
380:paper rolls
368:music halls
364:fairgrounds
321:Mexico City
269:music rolls
234:steam organ
219:hurdy-gurdy
145:Walzenorgel
141:Leierkasten
92:Terminology
56:crank organ
1721:Pipe organ
1715:Categories
1590:Sunaglieri
1583:Idiophones
1545:Percussion
1506:Cialamedda
1464:Flutes and
1292:Repertoire
1262:Fairground
1234:Vox humana
1209:Ophicleide
1129:En chamade
959:Music roll
927:Book music
873:Piano roll
827:Disklavier
787:Book music
720:B000005EB5
621:References
516:Pipe organ
408:book music
332:for large
196:barbarians
184:book music
98:hand organ
72:pipe organ
1700:Serinette
1695:Riberbula
1685:Pyrophone
1660:Limonaire
1650:Chabrette
1497:Free-reed
1455:Urganettu
1446:Free-reed
1385:Mandulina
1282:Portative
1214:Plein-jeu
1086:Swell box
1081:Tremulant
937:Music box
932:Componium
922:Belloneon
521:Serinette
506:Music box
311:, England
309:Liverpool
297:worm gear
282:Operation
217:The term
173:katarynka
137:Drehorgel
106:box organ
76:analogous
1645:Caramusa
1640:Cabrette
1287:Positive
1044:Builders
952:Polyphon
837:Polyphon
565:(eds.).
469:See also
259:, Poland
257:Katowice
161:kintorna
80:keyboard
1635:Bousine
1595:Timpanu
1574:Rouleur
1483:Pu'akau
1478:Pu toka
1400:Ukulele
1390:Mandore
1375:Cythara
1363:Plucked
1302:Theatre
1204:Mixture
1199:Gedackt
1179:Bourdon
1144:Voicing
1139:Scaling
1091:Tracker
1049:Console
832:Duo-Art
725:SAYDISC
391:sight.
223:buskers
157:sípláda
78:to the
64:bellows
58:) is a
1620:Bodega
1613:Others
1600:Kayamb
1532:Pifana
1511:Pirula
1488:Pūʻili
1473:Graïle
1370:Cetera
1356:String
1272:German
1267:French
1252:Barrel
1194:Cornet
1156:Tuning
1064:Pedals
1059:Manual
884:Clocks
856:Pianos
815:Brands
774:Organs
718:
642:
579:
561:&
325:Zócalo
247:Barrel
212:Modena
149:verkli
120:, and
60:French
1665:Loure
1559:Gumbe
1552:Drums
1525:Horns
1499:pipes
1466:oboes
1421:Bobre
1409:Bowed
1307:Water
1297:Shoes
1257:Crawl
1184:Tibia
1166:Stops
1121:Pipes
917:AMICA
910:Other
532:Notes
340:Usage
227:rosin
153:Werkl
68:pipes
1625:Boha
1569:Pate
1564:Pahu
1516:Vivo
1439:Wind
1170:List
1151:Reed
1134:Flue
1109:Stop
1027:list
947:MBSI
716:ASIN
640:ISBN
577:ISBN
204:gwen
200:bara
406:or
398:or
378:or
175:.
155:),
124:.
112:),
54:or
1717::
575:.
382:.
366:,
116:,
104:,
100:,
88:.
46:A
1341:e
1334:t
1327:v
1172:)
1168:(
1029:)
1025:(
1015:e
1008:t
1001:v
760:e
753:t
746:v
648:.
587:
585:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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