299:
411:
854:(VOCs). The agency concluded: “The information obtained from this investigation did not indicate that community-wide exposures from gas wells or compressor stations were occurring in the sample population. This conclusion was based on the pattern of VOC values found in the samples. Other sources of exposure such as cigarette smoking, the presence of disinfectant by-products in drinking water, and consumer or occupational/hobby related products could explain many of the findings.”
163:
842:(TRRC) hearing, TRRC staff concluded that, based on chemical composition, the gas in the water wells came from the shallow Strawn Formation, rather than the deeper Barnett Shale, in which the Range wells were completed. They also concluded that pressure tests by Range showed mechanical integrity of the casing. EPA and the two homeowners were invited to present evidence at the TRRC hearing, but did not. In March 2012, the EPA dropped its order against Range.
255:. Some local governments are researching means by which they can drill on existing public land (e.g., parks) without disrupting other activities so they may obtain royalties on any minerals found, whereas others are seeking compensation from drilling companies for damage to roads caused by overweight vehicles (many of the roads are rural and not designed for use by heavy equipment). In addition, drilling and exploration have generated significant
375:
CEO, Mitchell had invested about $ 250 million in the
Barnett from 1981 to 1997, and had not recouped its costs. But after 1997, competitors realized that Mitchell had discovered how to extract gas profitably, they, too started buying leases and drilling Barnett wells, at a pace that Mitchell could not match. In 2001, for the first time, Mitchell completed fewer than half the Barnett Shale wells (258 wells, versus 260 by other operators).
291:
366:
gel fracs. By going against conventional wisdom and switching to the slickwater frac, Mitchell Energy not only lowered the cost of completing wells by $ 75,000 to $ 100,000, but also dramatically increased the recovery of gas. Mitchell tried to buy more leases in the area before word spread, but soon many other operators started buying leases and drilling
Barnett wells, in what had been until then essentially a Mitchell Energy play.
802:, stated in public reports in mid-2005 that they estimate that one third to one half of the land in the counties that contain the Barnett Shale, including the most heavily prospected counties like Johnson and Tarrant, will get wells. There have been few dry holes drilled, because technology like 3D Seismic allows operators to identify potential hazards before they drill and avoid bad areas. Some of the hazards include
503:, flow rates, etc.) into the well bore at a sufficient pressure to create and propagate a fracture in the surrounding rock formation down hole. This is crucial in low permeability rock as it exposes more of the formation to the well bore and greater volumes of gas can be produced by the increased surface area. Without hydraulic fracturing, the wells would not produce at an economically feasible rate.
510:), applied the slickwater fracturing technique, using more water and higher pump pressure than previous fracturing techniques, which was used in East Texas in the Barnett Shale of north Texas. In 1998, the new technique proved to be successful when the first 90 days gas production from the well called S.H. Griffin No. 3 exceeded production of any of the company's previous wells.
1560:
activities have not had any impact on the water aquifer in southern Parker county or the subject water wells," Range
Resources said in a statement. The company said its investigations revealed that methane in the aquifer existed long before its drilling and likely is a naturally occurring migration from several shallow gas zones immediately below the water aquifer.
568:
pressured state regulators to begin forcing cleanups. The San Juan
Citizens Alliance has sued to force the EPA to tighten regulations. Ed Ireland, of the Barnett Shale Energy Council (an industry advocacy group) has said that he believes regulation will increase under the Obama administration; as of 2012, this has not been the case.
402:. The field had more than 16,000 producing wells. Gas production in 2011 was 2.0 trillion cubic feet. The field was the largest gas producer in Texas, and made up 31% of Texas gas production. Proved reserves as of the end of 2011 were 32.6 trillion cubic feet of gas and 118 million barrels of oil or condensate.
385:
Helped by better drilling technology, the difficulties of drilling near populated areas, and higher gas prices in the 2000s, horizontal wells became more economic and practical, and in 2005 new horizontal wells outnumbered new vertical wells in the
Barnett for the first time. In 2008, 2901 horizontal
365:
The largest breakthrough in the
Barnett came in 1997, when Mitchell Energy petroleum engineer Nick Steinsberger suggested that a slickwater frac, which was being successfully used by other companies in wells to the Cotton Valley Sandstone of east Texas, might work better in the Barnett Shale than the
567:
Oil industry advocates claim that by 2015 the
Barnett Shale may be responsible for more than 108,000 jobs. Critics say that tax revenues may be offset by cleanup costs for toxic byproducts of gas drilling, such as benzene and naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). Environmental groups have
357:
Incrementally, Mitchell Energy found ways to increase production. Early on, Mitchell abandoned the foam frac, which had been used with some success in
Appalachian Basin shales, and found that gel fracs worked better in the Barnett. In 1986, Mitchell Energy applied the first massive hydraulic frac, a
389:
It was thought that only a few of the thicker sections close to Fort Worth would be able to support economic drilling, until new advances in horizontal drilling were developed in the 1980s. Techniques such as fracturing, or "fracking", wells, used by
Mitchell Energy, opened the possibility of more
374:
Mitchell Energy had a near-monopoly in drilling
Barnett Shale wells in the early years of the field. In 1995, for instance, Mitchell completed 70 Barnett wells, while all other operators combined completed three. This was largely because the Barnett was marginal economically: according to a former
647:
The Barnett Shale has been classified into "Core" and "Non-Core" areas of production. To date production has concentrated in the Core area where the shale is thicker and the uncertainty is reduced. This allows for the wells to be drilled at slightly lower gas prices than those in Non-core areas.
345:
was convinced that he could find a better way to produce gas from the Barnett. Mitchell persevered for years in the face of low production rates in his initial wells, low gas prices, and low profitability. Industry commentators have written that few, if any, other companies would have continued
1559:
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said on Tuesday that natural gas drilling by the company has contributed to the contamination of at least two residential drinking water wells in the county and ordered it to step in immediately. "Based on our findings to date, it's very clear that our
361:
In 1991, Mitchell Energy, with a subsidy from the federal government, drilled the first horizontal well in the Barnett, but the experiment was not considered a success. It was not until 1998 that Mitchell drilled two more horizontal wells; they were technical successes, but economic failures.
837:
had contaminated at least two residential drinking water wells. The company denied the allegations, and said the presence of methane was a result of naturally occurring migration, and had shown up in nearby water wells long before Range drilled its gas wells. However, after a January 2011
849:
complained that air pollution from a natural gas compressor station was sickening his family. However, in May 2010, The Texas Department of State Health Services released air quality results for DISH, including tests of blood and urine samples from 28 DISH residents that were tested for
555:
in 2007. Terms of recent leases have included $ 15,000 per acre ($ 37,000/ha) and a 25% royalty for homeowners in Ryan Place, Mistletoe Heights, and Berkley on Fort Worth's south side, and $ 22,500 per acre and a 25% royalty for a group of homeowners in south
524:
The process of hydraulic fracturing generates significant criticism. Opponents allege that it is inadequately monitored and poses significant threats to water and air quality in surrounding areas, and cite a growing number of incidents of methane in nearby water wells.
346:
drilling well after well in the Barnett Shale. Mitchell is widely credited with personally making a success of the Barnett Shale, and thus creating the gas production boom in the Barnett, and, when other companies imitated his techniques, many other
521:, who have worked closely with producing companies to develop the Barnett play, also see potential for conflict in some parts of the Barnett where water use for hydraulic fracturing could compete with other uses such as drinking and agriculture.
458:. The fractures may be natural or induced (see below). A horizontal well exposes more rock (and therefore more fractures) to the wellbore because it is usually designed with the horizontal portion of the well in the productive formation.
445:
has changed the way oil and gas drilling is done by allowing producers access to reservoirs which were otherwise too thin to be economically viable through vertical drilling. Much of the gas in the Barnett Shale is beneath the City of
864:
Numerous lawsuits against companies operating in the Barnett Shale allege that companies have reneged on promised lease payments, altered agreements after the fact, or failed to meet their commitments to lessors of land in the shale.
533:
As of September 2008, gas producers said that bonuses paid to landowners in the southern counties ranged from $ 200 to $ 28,000 per acre ($ 500–69,000/ha), the higher prices being paid by Vantage Energy in the fall of 2008.
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818:
Several groups in communities in which gas wells have been located have complained of high risk of catastrophic accidents, and some allege that accidents have already occurred, including several resulting in fatalities.
453:
In addition to extended reach, horizontal drilling drastically increases production. In "tight" rock (low permeability) like the Barnett Shale, the gas uses fractures to move out of the rock and into the
607:, as of 2012 there were 235 operators (companies which manage producing wells) in the Barnett Shale. In terms of gas volumes produced, the top ten operators, in order of decreasing gas production, were:
1381:
1411:
571:
A 2011 study for the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce concluded that the Barnett Shale development was responsible for 119,000 jobs in Texas, 100,000 of them in the Fort Worth region.
1287:
822:
Some environmental groups and north Texas residents have expressed concern about the effects of drilling on air and water quality in the areas surrounding the wells and pipelines.
240:
is very impermeable, and it was virtually impossible to produce gas in commercial quantities from this formation until oil and gas companies learned how to effectively use massive
1312:
1513:
810:
features (sinkholes). Faults may divert hydraulic fracturing, reducing its effectiveness, and karst features may contain abundant water that limits the production of gas.
1224:
229: cu ft (850 km) of natural gas in place. Oil also has been found in lesser quantities, but sufficient (with high oil prices) to be commercially viable.
564:
report that many signed lease agreements have not been honored, with lessors alleging that they were paid significantly less than promised or were not paid at all.
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94:
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Two key developments in well design and completions have fostered development of the Barnett Shale. These are horizontal drilling, and hydraulic fracturing.
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1028:
1685:
251:
Future development of the field will be hampered in part by the fact that major portions of the field are in urban areas, including the rapidly growing
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1131:
279:
expedition, scientists noted a thick black organic-rich shale in an outcrop close to the stream. The shale was consequently named the Barnett Shale.
2040:
2035:
578:
network for transporting the gas to market is being sought. The completion of a 42-inch (1,100 mm) natural gas transmission pipeline through
1999:
1783:
1780:
955:
1542:
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2025:
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1656:
968:
992:
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1011:
70:
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1973:
1174:"Awakening the Slumbering Giant: How Horizontal Drilling Technology Brought the Endangered Species Act to Bear on Hydraulic Fracturing"
322:. In January 2013, the Barnett produced 4.56 billion cubic feet per day, which made up 6.8% of all the natural gas produced in the US.
1586:
858:
1737:
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large scale production. Even with new techniques, significant drilling did not begin until gas prices increased in the late 1990s.
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1521:
1115:
233:
338:. The well was drilled vertically, completed with a nitrogen foam frac, and did not produce enough gas to cause any excitement.
1085:
1748:
2020:
1207:
2050:
488:
Although horizontal wells are now the norm, as of early 2013, some vertical wells were still being drilled in the Barnett.
1845:
1156:
499:
carried out in the Barnett Shale is done by pumping a mixture of water, sand, and various chemical additives (to affect
306:
Gas wells producing from the Barnett Shale of the Fort Worth basin are designated as the Newark, East Gas Field by the
282:
The Barnett shale has acted as a source and sealing cap rock for more conventional oil and gas reservoirs in the area.
1794:
1612:
201:
As of 2007, some experts suggested that the Barnett Shale might have the largest producible reserves of any onshore
275:
during the late 19th century, where he named a local stream the Barnett Stream. In the early 20th century during a
362:
Mitchell's fourth and last horizontal attempt was made in 2000, but ran into drilling problems and was abandoned.
1963:
826:
1587:"NEWS RELEASE: Railroad Commissioners Find Range Resources? Natural Gas Not Source in Parker County Water Wells"
1102:
1968:
1262:
934:
398:
As of 2012, the Newark, East Field extended into 24 counties, with permits issued for wells in a 25th county,
1693:
1573:
EPA Issues an Imminent and Substantial Endangerment Order to Protect Drinking Water in Southern Parker County
518:
514:
1057:
2030:
473:
counties, with a 100% success rate on completed wells. An experimental vertical well is being drilled in
252:
1440:
873:
The profit potential of the Barnett Shale gas play has spurred companies to search for other sources of
851:
594:
2011, US Energy Information Administration: 32.6 trillion cubic feet of gas, 118 million barrels of oil
175:
40:
1994:
1546:
839:
604:
307:
1144:
1862:
763:
547:
330:
The field was discovered in 1981 when Mitchell Energy drilled and completed the C. W. Slay #1 near
1664:
1838:
775:
1173:
757:
729:
705:
474:
399:
272:
195:
248:
further improved the economics, and made it easier to extract gas from under developed areas.
1634:
1466:
1041:
1008:
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663:
552:
539:
462:
1958:
1940:
1905:
1590:
834:
769:
699:
693:
657:
496:
470:
241:
8:
1948:
1910:
902:
723:
717:
711:
442:
434:
315:
245:
298:
1953:
1895:
1885:
1831:
1487:
1116:"The seventeen-year overnight wonder: George Mitchell and unlocking the Barnett Shale,"
894:
751:
745:
735:
675:
579:
466:
342:
335:
276:
86:
1355:
980:
1915:
1900:
1203:
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611:
561:
319:
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because of environmental damage including contamination to the ground water sources.
202:
191:
183:
179:
98:
1082:
1925:
1920:
1890:
1200:
The Boom: How Fracking Ignited the American Energy Revolution and Changed the World
557:
535:
1453:
1880:
1724:
1473:
1089:
1064:
1015:
861:
to begin investigating drilling complaints on-site within 12 hours of reception.
830:
803:
419:
268:
82:
906:
90:
485:, a geological barrier which defines the southern limit of the Barnett Shale.
2014:
1809:
1796:
918:
882:
878:
791:
621:
482:
331:
206:
74:
30:
1225:"Breakthrough: The Accidental Discovery That Revolutionized American Energy"
1042:"History of the Newark East field and the Barnett Shale as a gas reservoir,"
410:
236:"tight" gas reservoir, indicating that the gas is not easily extracted. The
1870:
886:
799:
591:
2010, US Energy Information Administration: 31.0 trillion cubic feet of gas
575:
507:
415:
379:
62:
461:
In 2005–2007 horizontal drilling in the Barnett Shale extended south into
162:
1930:
846:
450:. The new technology has attracted a number of gas-production companies.
438:
506:
In 1997, Nick Steinsberger, an engineer of Mitchell Energy (now part of
1613:
EPA drops action against Range Resources over Parker County water wells
910:
616:
447:
78:
66:
437:
has increased the potential of the Barnett Shale as a major source of
1989:
1854:
1762:
FWCanDo (Fort Worth Citizens Against Neighborhood Drilling Ordinance)
874:
500:
386:
wells were completed in the Barnett, versus just 183 vertical wells.
351:
347:
311:
1083:
A Retrospective Review of Shale Gas Development in the United States
290:
914:
898:
890:
455:
1713:
1657:"Venue fight underway as Burleson residents sue Chesapeake Energy"
1067:, Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, Barnett Shale Symposium, 2005.
310:. From 2002 to 2010 the Barnett was the most productive source of
102:
219: cu ft (71 km) of recoverable natural gas, and 30
1543:"Update 1 – Range Resources denies water contamination charges"
551:
article reported more than 100,000 new leases were recorded in
1409:
807:
237:
194:
and underlies 5,000 mi (13,000 km) and at least 17
187:
44:
1823:
857:
Texas environmental regulators and the EPA have ordered the
478:
1738:
Barnett Boom Ignites Hunt for Unconventional Gas Resources
1761:
1624:
Texas Department of State Health Services, , 10 May 2010.
1356:"Concerns spreading about air quality from gas drilling"
285:
1784:
Gas-Shale Play With Multi-Trillion Cubic Foot Potential
1743:
341:
Despite the low production rate, Mitchell Energy owner
325:
1716:. live.psu.edu (2008-01-17). Retrieved on 2011-12-01.
1410:
Lee, Mike; San Juan Citizens Alliance (2009-01-27).
1260:
1003:
1001:
833:, stating that the company's drilling activities in
1692:. The McClatchy Company. 2009-11-01. Archived from
1635:"Immediate response ordered in Barnett Shale cases"
1202:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 115–21.
1686:"Class-action status sought for Glencrest lawsuit"
1605:
1514:"Barnett Shale air study reveals alarming results"
1749:Texas Railroad Commission Online Research Queries
998:
481:) to assess the potential for drilling along the
2012:
1058:The Barnett Shale: a 25-year "overnight" success
1052:
1050:
1412:"EPA sued over lack of oil and gas regulations"
1454:U.S. crude oil and natural gas proved reserves
1261:Lustgarten, Abraham; ProPublica (2009-04-27).
1216:
1145:U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves
951:
949:
2066:Carboniferous southern paleotropical deposits
1839:
1723:Conodonts of the Barnett Formation of Texas.
1379:
1251:. Jackson School of Geosciences. January 2007
1134:. Jackson School of Geosciences. January 2007
1047:
971:. Jackson School of Geosciences. January 2007
642:
1535:
1443:, Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce, Aug. 2011.
1263:"Does Natural Gas Drilling Make Water Burn?"
294:Map of gas wells in the Barnett Shale, Texas
16:Geological formation in Texas, United States
2000:2012–14 Romanian protests against shale gas
1740:Jackson School of Geosciences, January 2007
1165:
946:
598:
1974:List of countries by recoverable shale gas
1846:
1832:
1545:. Reuters. 8 December 2010. Archived from
993:What is shale gas and why is it important?
369:
1077:
1075:
1073:
859:Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
354:successes in the US and other countries.
174:is a geological formation located in the
1222:
829:(EPA) issued an emergency order against
409:
378:George Mitchell sold Mitchell Energy to
297:
289:
161:
2041:Natural gas fields in the United States
2036:Oil-bearing shales in the United States
1663:. The McClatchy Company. Archived from
1353:
1344:, AAPG Explorer, Sept. 2007, pp. 46–47.
1285:
1171:
1157:"Rig count rises to 36 in the Barnett,"
1092:, Resources for the Futures, Apr. 2013.
491:
314:in the US; it is now third, behind the
2013:
1744:Barnett Shale Energy Education Council
1485:
1310:
1143:US Energy Information Administration,
1070:
991:US Energy Information Administration,
429:
190:. The formation underlies the city of
186:period (354–323 million years ago) in
2061:Carboniferous System of North America
2026:Shale formations of the United States
1827:
1654:
1511:
286:History of the Newark, East Gas Field
1197:
1191:
687:
582:may open up new areas for drilling.
1388:. Denton Publishing. Archived from
1380:Heinkel-Wolfe, Peggy (2008-01-15).
956:Barnett Shale Economic Impact Study
881:. Other shale gas prospects in the
326:Discovery and Mitchell Energy years
13:
1756:Newark, East (Barnett Shale) Field
1467:Newark, East (Barnett Shale) Field
1382:"Gas drilling's dirty side effect"
1323:from the original on 13 April 2010
1029:Schumpeter: The father of fracking
585:
538:in the 18–25% range. One lease in
528:
405:
209:. The field is thought to have 2.5
14:
2077:
2056:Geography of Denton County, Texas
1731:
1081:Zhongmin Wang and Alan Krupnick,
542:now has 19 wells permitted.
393:
302:Gas production from Barnett Shale
232:The Barnett Shale is known as an
1342:Hot Barnett play creating wealth
1223:Zukerman, Gregory (2013-11-06).
358:gel frac, to the Barnett Shale.
256:
1772:
1707:
1678:
1648:
1627:
1618:
1578:
1565:
1505:
1479:
1459:
1446:
1433:
1403:
1373:
1347:
1334:
1304:
1279:
1254:
1241:
1181:Case Western Reserve Law Review
1150:
1137:
1124:
1108:
1095:
827:Environmental Protection Agency
2046:Carboniferous geology of Texas
1637:. Associated Press. 2009-12-23
1034:
1021:
985:
974:
961:
935:Shale gas in the United States
813:
560:. More recent articles in the
1:
1853:
1655:Smith, Jack Z. (2009-09-15).
1286:Lobdill, Jerry (2009-10-21).
940:
925:in Louisiana and East Texas.
519:University of Texas at Austin
515:Jackson School of Geosciences
267:The formation is named after
244:in the formation. The use of
2021:Geologic formations of Texas
1754:Texas Railroad Commission:
1486:Gorman, Peter (2007-03-28).
1354:Batheja, Aman (2009-12-23).
166:Barnett Shale - stratigraphy
7:
2051:Mississippian United States
1584:Texas Railroad Commission,
1512:Hawes, Chris (2007-03-28).
1465:Texas Railroad Commission,
1418:. McClatchy. Archived from
1119:Journal of American History
1007:Texas Railroad Commission,
928:
682:
632:Carrizo Oil & Gas, Inc.
253:Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex
10:
2082:
1611:Fort Worth Star-Telegram,
1311:McGraw, Dan (2009-04-27).
1103:“Rough guide to Frackistan
995:, retrieved 14 Sept. 2013.
852:volatile organic compounds
643:Geography of Barnett Shale
626:Enervest Operating, L.L.C.
176:Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin
41:Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin
1995:Balcombe drilling protest
1982:
1939:
1861:
1520:. WFAA-TV. Archived from
1172:Robbins, Kalyani (2013).
1132:The Father of the Barnett
1105:, Texas Monthly, May 2014
1044:AAPG Bulletin, Apr. 2007.
1018:, accessed 5 August 2013.
969:Won't You Be My Neighbor?
868:
840:Texas Railroad Commission
605:Texas Railroad Commission
308:Texas Railroad Commission
152:
134:
129:
121:
113:
108:
58:
50:
36:
26:
21:
1690:Fort Worth Star Telegram
1661:Fort Worth Star Telegram
1416:Fort Worth Star Telegram
1360:Fort Worth Star Telegram
1288:"Leasing Our Lives Away"
1160:Fort Worth Star-Telegram
1121:, v. 99 n. 1 pp. 229–35.
599:Operators in the Barnett
548:Fort Worth Star-Telegram
1441:A decade of development
1386:Denton Record Chronicle
651:
638:Barnett Shale Operating
370:Other operators join in
262:
1198:Gold, Russell (2014).
796:Gulftex Operating, Inc
423:
303:
295:
167:
135:Estimated gas in place
1863:Geological formations
1778:Scott L. Montgomery,
1114:Diana Davids Hinton,
1040:David F. Martineau1,
629:Quicksilver Resources
413:
301:
293:
165:
1249:A Super-sized Thirst
982:. Retiro Royalties.
835:Parker County, Texas
694:Dallas County, Texas
497:Hydraulic fracturing
492:Hydraulic fracturing
242:hydraulic fracturing
153:Producing formations
2031:Oil fields in Texas
1806: /
1549:on January 11, 2016
1494:. Fort Worth Weekly
1313:"Courthouse Gusher"
1267:Scientific American
905:in Appalachia, the
790:Operators, such as
443:Horizontal drilling
435:Horizontal drilling
430:Horizontal drilling
316:Marcellus Formation
246:horizontal drilling
122:Start of production
1788: ; Fact Book.
1767:Hydraulic Fracture
1571:US EPA, Region 6,
1488:"Perilous Profits"
1472:2011-08-20 at the
1340:Louise S. Durham,
1088:2015-03-19 at the
1063:2016-01-11 at the
1014:2011-08-20 at the
1009:Newark, East Field
958:, May 2007, p. 16.
895:Fayetteville Shale
513:Scientists at the
424:
414:Barnett Shale gas
343:George P. Mitchell
304:
296:
277:geological mapping
168:
2008:
2007:
1492:Fort Worth Weekly
1317:Fort Worth Weekly
1292:Fort Worth Weekly
1209:978-1-4516-9228-0
923:Haynesville Shale
909:in Oklahoma, the
787:
786:
635:EagleRidge Energy
612:Chesapeake Energy
603:According to the
562:Fort Worth Weekly
320:Haynesville Shale
271:, who settled in
203:natural gas field
180:sedimentary rocks
178:. It consists of
160:
159:
99:Chief Oil and Gas
2073:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1652:
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1645:
1643:
1642:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1589:. Archived from
1582:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1483:
1477:
1463:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1439:Perryman Group,
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1377:
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1329:
1328:
1308:
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1128:
1122:
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1093:
1079:
1068:
1054:
1045:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1005:
996:
989:
983:
978:
972:
965:
959:
953:
688:
536:Royalty payments
225:
224:
215:
214:
182:dating from the
147:
141:
51:Offshore/onshore
19:
18:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1978:
1935:
1857:
1852:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1775:
1734:
1725:Wilbert H. Hass
1720:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1697:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1668:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:, 31 Mar. 2012.
1610:
1606:
1602:, 22 Mar. 2011.
1596:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1570:
1566:
1552:
1550:
1541:
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1510:
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1484:
1480:
1474:Wayback Machine
1464:
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1434:
1425:
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1408:
1404:
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1210:
1196:
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1176:
1170:
1166:
1162:, 18 Jan. 2013,
1155:
1151:
1142:
1138:
1129:
1125:
1113:
1109:
1101:Michael Ennis,
1100:
1096:
1090:Wayback Machine
1080:
1071:
1065:Wayback Machine
1055:
1048:
1039:
1035:
1027:The Economist,
1026:
1022:
1016:Wayback Machine
1006:
999:
990:
986:
979:
975:
966:
962:
954:
947:
943:
931:
903:Marcellus Shale
871:
831:Range Resources
816:
788:
685:
654:
645:
601:
588:
586:Proved reserves
531:
529:Economic impact
494:
475:McLennan County
432:
420:Alvarado, Texas
408:
406:Well completion
396:
372:
328:
288:
273:San Saba County
269:John W. Barnett
265:
222:
220:
212:
210:
145:
143:
139:
83:Range Resources
17:
12:
11:
5:
2079:
2069:
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2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1980:
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1971:
1966:
1964:United Kingdom
1961:
1956:
1951:
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1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
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1828:
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1769:
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1746:
1741:
1733:
1732:External links
1730:
1729:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1706:
1677:
1647:
1626:
1617:
1604:
1577:
1575:, 7 Dec. 2010.
1564:
1534:
1518:WFAA Channel 8
1504:
1478:
1458:
1456:, 1 Aug. 2013.
1445:
1432:
1402:
1372:
1346:
1333:
1303:
1278:
1253:
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1208:
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1147:, August 2013.
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1033:
1020:
997:
984:
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927:
907:Woodford Shale
870:
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553:Tarrant County
540:Johnson County
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407:
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394:Current status
392:
371:
368:
327:
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234:unconventional
158:
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1715:
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1696:on 2009-08-10
1695:
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1687:
1681:
1667:on 2009-12-09
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
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1630:
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1614:
1608:
1593:on 2013-11-09
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1544:
1538:
1524:on 2010-01-09
1523:
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1468:
1462:
1455:
1449:
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1422:on 2009-06-01
1421:
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1392:on 2009-10-25
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1247:Marc Airhart
1244:
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1130:Marc Airhart
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1104:
1098:
1091:
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1056:Quicksilver,
1053:
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1024:
1017:
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988:
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964:
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919:West Virginia
916:
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883:United States
880:
879:United States
876:
866:
862:
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848:
845:The mayor of
843:
841:
836:
832:
828:
825:In 2010, the
823:
820:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
792:EOG Resources
783:
777:
774:
771:
768:
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762:
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747:
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742:
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637:
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628:
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623:
622:EOG Resources
620:
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593:
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589:
583:
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541:
537:
526:
522:
520:
516:
511:
509:
504:
502:
498:
489:
486:
484:
483:Ouachita Fold
480:
476:
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468:
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459:
457:
451:
449:
444:
440:
436:
427:
421:
417:
412:
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383:
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367:
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359:
355:
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332:Newark, Texas
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207:United States
204:
199:
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193:
189:
185:
184:Mississippian
181:
177:
173:
172:Barnett Shale
164:
156:Barnett Shale
155:
151:
137:
133:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:Field history
107:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
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72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:
42:
39:
35:
32:
31:United States
29:
25:
22:Barnett Shale
20:
1896:Fayetteville
1875:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:Bibliography
1755:
1714:live.psu.edu
1709:
1698:. Retrieved
1694:the original
1689:
1680:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1660:
1650:
1639:. Retrieved
1629:
1620:
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1591:the original
1580:
1567:
1558:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1537:
1526:. Retrieved
1522:the original
1517:
1507:
1496:. Retrieved
1491:
1481:
1461:
1448:
1435:
1424:. Retrieved
1420:the original
1415:
1405:
1394:. Retrieved
1390:the original
1385:
1375:
1364:. Retrieved
1359:
1349:
1341:
1336:
1325:. Retrieved
1316:
1306:
1295:. Retrieved
1291:
1281:
1270:. Retrieved
1266:
1256:
1243:
1232:. Retrieved
1229:The Atlantis
1228:
1218:
1199:
1193:
1184:
1180:
1167:
1159:
1152:
1139:
1126:
1118:
1110:
1097:
1036:
1031:, July 2013.
1023:
987:
976:
963:
887:Antrim Shale
885:include the
872:
863:
856:
844:
824:
821:
817:
800:Devon Energy
789:
781:
646:
602:
576:gas pipeline
574:An expanded
573:
570:
566:
546:
544:
532:
523:
512:
508:Devon Energy
505:
495:
487:
460:
452:
433:
425:
416:drilling rig
397:
388:
384:
380:Devon Energy
377:
373:
364:
360:
356:
340:
329:
305:
281:
266:
250:
231:
226:
216:
200:
171:
169:
1901:Haynesville
1813: /
1362:. McClatchy
877:across the
847:DISH, Texas
814:Controversy
754:(potential)
732:(potential)
720:(potential)
708:(potential)
702:(potential)
580:Hill County
439:natural gas
336:Wise County
257:controversy
95:Quicksilver
2015:Categories
1941:By country
1926:New Albany
1906:Horn River
1891:Eagle Ford
1700:2009-12-26
1671:2009-12-26
1641:2009-12-26
1597:2013-10-07
1528:2009-12-26
1498:2009-12-26
1426:2009-12-27
1396:2009-12-27
1366:2009-12-26
1327:2010-03-31
1297:2009-10-21
1272:2010-06-22
1234:2016-09-18
941:References
911:Ohio Shale
764:Palo Pinto
617:XTO Energy
448:Fort Worth
192:Fort Worth
148:10 m)
130:Production
1990:Frack Off
1911:Marcellus
1881:Conasauga
1855:Shale gas
1810:33°N 98°W
875:shale gas
776:Somervell
558:Arlington
501:viscosity
382:in 2002.
352:tight-oil
348:shale-gas
312:shale gas
114:Discovery
71:GEV Group
59:Operators
1983:Protests
1886:Duvernay
1553:6 August
1470:Archived
1452:US EIA,
1321:Archived
1086:Archived
1061:Archived
1012:Archived
929:See also
921:and the
915:Kentucky
899:Arkansas
891:Michigan
778:(active)
772:(active)
766:(active)
760:(active)
758:Montague
748:(active)
738:(active)
730:Hamilton
726:(active)
714:(active)
706:Comanche
696:(active)
683:Non-core
678:(active)
672:(active)
666:(active)
660:(active)
456:wellbore
400:Hamilton
318:and the
196:counties
142:10 cu ft
1959:Romania
1916:Montney
1876:Barnett
1815:33; -98
670:Tarrant
664:Johnson
517:at the
463:Johnson
205:in the
144:(59–850
103:Denbury
54:Onshore
27:Country
1949:Canada
1921:Muskwa
1871:Antrim
1727:, 1952
1206:
901:, the
893:, the
869:Legacy
804:faults
798:, and
782:
770:Parker
700:Bosque
658:Denton
477:(near
471:Bosque
469:, and
422:(2008)
138:2.1–30
87:EnCana
37:Region
1954:China
1931:Utica
1177:(PDF)
808:karst
724:Erath
718:Ellis
712:Cooke
418:near
334:, in
238:shale
188:Texas
117:1980s
67:Total
63:Devon
45:Texas
1801:98°W
1798:33°N
1555:2013
1204:ISBN
1187:(4).
917:and
806:and
752:Jack
746:Hood
736:Hill
676:Wise
652:Core
479:Waco
467:Hill
350:and
263:Name
170:The
125:1999
913:in
897:in
889:in
79:XTO
75:EOG
2017::
1688:.
1659:.
1557:.
1516:.
1490:.
1414:.
1384:.
1358:.
1319:.
1315:.
1290:.
1265:.
1227:.
1185:63
1183:.
1179:.
1072:^
1049:^
1000:^
948:^
794:,
545:A
465:,
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223:10
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101:,
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1674:.
1644:.
1600:.
1531:.
1501:.
1476:.
1429:.
1399:.
1369:.
1330:.
1300:.
1275:.
1237:.
1212:.
227:^
221:×
217:^
211:×
146:×
140:×
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
