713:
bases have been penetrated by boreholes have been found, without exception, to be resting directly upon the underlying
Ordovician rocks. But although reef growth began at the same time as Barnett Shale deposition, the reefs did not survive to the end of Barnett time; all known Chappel reefs are immediately overlain by the typical Barnett Shale facies except for a very few in central Clay County that have been very deeply breached by pre-Atokan erosion. The reef complexes are subdivisible into three constituent facies: the reef core, the reef flanks, and the inter-reef area. The reef cores are porous enough to serve as stratigraphic traps for oil and gas, and they have yielded excellent production in the northern part of the Fort Worth Basin for three-quarters of a century. The Chappel buildups are often referred to as "pinnacle reefs," but that is a misnomer. They may appear as pinnacles on a cross section with an exaggerated vertical scale (see cross sections A-A′ and B-B′ above), but in reality they have almost exactly the same height/width aspect ratio as a fried chicken egg sunny side up. The reef core, of course, is represented by the egg yolk, and the reef flank debris are represented by the egg white. The inter-reef facies is represented by a black, calcareous, bituminous shale. Where it occurs in Jack County it is typically 30 to 40 feet (9 to 12 meters) thick, and it is synonymous with the calcareous basal shale member of the Barnett. Consequently, the proximity of a given borehole to a nearby reef complex can be qualitatively estimated by the degree to which this lower member of the Barnett has been impregnated with calcite.
654:
Mississippian and west tilting in the late
Paleozoic which formed the Midland Basin. There is disagreement on the structural history of the Bend Arch. Flippen (1982) suggested it acted as a fulcrum and is a flexure and structural high and that only minor uplift occurred in the area to form an erosional surface on the Chester-age limestones that were deposited directly on top of the Barnett. In contrast, Cloud and Barnes (1942) suggested periodic upwarp of the Bend flexure from mid-Ordovician through Early Pennsylvanian time resulted in several unconformities. The Red River Arch and the Muenster Arch also became dominant structural features during the Late Mississippian and Early Pennsylvanian.
709:
deposition continued without interruption as a sequence of extremely hard and dense limestones were laid down. These limestones have often been confused with the lower part of the overlying Marble Falls
Formation (Early Pennsylsvnian), and they have never been formally named, although they are widely referenced in the literature as the "Forestburg Formation." Since the underlying Barnett is generally assumed to be Late Mississippian Chester in age, the superposed Forestburg is occasionally referred to informally as "the Chester Limestones."
536:
1174:, the present distribution of Barnett is limited to Province 045. The Barnett/Forestburg Chesterian interval is over 1,000 feet (300 m) thick along the southwest flank of the Muenster Arch. It is eroded in areas along the Red River-Electra and Muenster Arches to the north, the Llano uplift to the south where it outcrops, and the easternmost portion of the province where the Barnett laps onto the Eastern Shelf-Concho Platform.
2568:
40:
1292:
4.5%, but greater than 90% of the organic matter is converted to hydrocarbons. Thus, its original TOC was about 7.0% with an initial estimated potential of 5.64% by volume. Any oil generated would be expelled into shallow (or deeper) horizons as in the west and north, or cracked to gas where measured vitrinite reflectance is above 1.1% Ro.
558:. The north boundary follows the Texas-Oklahoma State line in the east, where the province includes parts of the Sherman Basin and Muenster Arch. In the west, the north boundary follows the north-east county lines of Oklahoma's three southwestern counties (Harmon, Jackson and Tillman Counties), which include the south flank of the
737:
exploration and development "booms" in Texas. The Ranger field produces from the Atoka-Bend formation, a sandstone-conglomerate reservoir that directly overlies the
Barnett formation. Operators drilled more than 1,000 wildcats in and around the Fort Worth Basin attempting to duplicate the success of Ranger. These
1309:(GCMS) analyses. The API gravity of the oils ranges from 35° to 62° and sulfur contents are low (<0.2%), which is characteristic of high thermal maturity oils. Biomarkers from GCMS analyses show oils were sourced from marine shale, based on sterane distribution and the presence of diasteranes. Carbon
1300:
The
Barnett Shale is thermally mature for hydrocarbon generation over most of its area. Barnett source rock is presently in the oil-generation window along the north and west parts of the province, and in the gas window on the east half of the Barnett-Paleozoic TPS. Expulsion of high-quality oil from
1169:
log response. Other potential source rocks of secondary importance are Early
Pennsylvanian and include dark fine-grained carbonate rock and shale units within the Marble Falls Limestone and the black shale facies of the Smithwick/Atoka Shale. The Barnett Shale was deposited over much of North Central
720:
in the Bend Arch–Fort Worth Basin. With progressive subsidence of the basin during the
Pennsylvanian, the western basin hinge line and carbonate shelf, continued migrating west. Deposition of thick basinal clastic rocks of the Atoka, Strawn, and Canyon Formations occurred at this time. These Mid- and
653:
The Bend Arch extends north from the Llano Uplift. It is a broad subsurface, north-plunging, positive structure. The arch formed as a hingeline by down-warping of its eastern flank due to subsidence of the Fort Worth Basin during early stages of development of the
Ouachita structural belt in the Late
1499: m) of gas. The progressive increase in EUR in Barnett wells is the result of improved geologic and engineering concepts that guide development of the Barnett continuous gas play. Moreover, recompletion of wells after about five years of production commonly adds 759 million cubic feet (21.5
708:
and
Devonian rocks that may have been present. The Barnett Shale was deposited over the resulting unconformity. Provenance of the terrigenous material that constitutes the Barnett Shale was from Ouachita thrust sheets and the reactivation of older structures such as the Muenster Arch. Post-Barnett
1455:
The siliceous nature of the
Barnett Shale, and its relation to fracture enhancement in NE-F, was noted by Lancaster. Also, the second assessment unit, where the Barnett Shale subcrop is Ellenburger Group carbonate rocks, is being tested by several operators. The unit's resource potential will be
1291:
where TOC is 4.2% and hydrocarbon potential is 3.37% by volume. Using these data we can determine TOC values will decrease 36% during maturation from the immature stage to the gas-generation window. Samples from the T. P. Simms well in the Newark East gas-producing area have average TOC values of
526:
Continuous-type accumulations include fractured shale and fractured limestone oil and gas, basin-centered gas, coal bed gas, and tight reservoir gas. They typically cover large areas, have source rocks in close association with these unconventional reservoir rocks, and are mostly gas (and in some
1330:
and carbonate rocks ranging in age from Ordovician to Early Permian. Most production from conventional reservoirs is from Pennsylvanian rocks, whereas the only recognized production from unconventional accumulations is from Mississippian fractured Barnett Shale and early Pennsylvanian (Morrowan)
712:
As the shallow Late Mississippian seas spread southward and westward from the subsiding Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen, they inundated an uneven Lower Paleozoic surface and almost immediately initiated the growth of reef-forming organic communities. All of the Mississippian-age reef complexes whose
595:
and joins with the Newark East fault system. The fault system bisects the Newark East Field (NE-F) creating a zone of poor production in Barnett Shale gas reservoirs. Several faults that cut basement and lower Paleozoic rocks in the southern part of the province are identified at the Ordovician
736:
shows were first encountered in Province 045 during the mid-nineteenth century while drilling water wells. Sporadic exploration began following the Civil War, and the first commercial oil discoveries occurred in the early 1900s. In 1917, discovery of Ranger field stimulated one of the largest
1396:
Lesser amounts of high-quality (35-40° API gravity, low sulfur) oil is produced from Barnett Shale in the province's north and western portions where it exhibits low thermal maturity (Ro ≈ 0.6%). Similar quality oils (40-50° API gravity), and condensates associated with gas are produced in
694:
From Cambrian through Mississippian time, the Fort Worth Basin area was part of a stable cratonic shelf with deposition dominated by carbonates. Ellenburger Group carbonate rocks represent a broad epeiric carbonate platform covering most of Texas and central North America during the Early
1313:
analyses of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions support hydrocarbon generation from a single-source unit. In the main gas-producing area of fractured Barnett Shale, the gas generation window is along a trend sub-parallel to the Ouachita thrust front. Jarvie (2001) reported the
1181:(TOC) content in the Barnett Shale is about 4% and TOC is as high as 12% in samples from outcrops along the Llano uplift on the south flank of the Fort Worth Basin. It has geochemical characteristics similar to other Devonian-Mississippian black shales found elsewhere in the US (e.g.,
472:
is considered to be in continuous accumulations of nonassociated gas trapped in strata of two of the three Mississippian-age Barnett Shale Assessment Units (AUs) - the Greater Newark East Frac-Barrier Continuous Barnett Shale Gas AU and the Extended Continuous Barnett Shale Gas AU
1353:
units and dense, low permeability carbonate rock that are distributed on both regional and local scales. Although these formations are not considered seal rocks in areas where they are tight and not water wet, they serve as barriers confining hydraulic-induced fracturing
746:
limestones. By 1960, the province reached a mature stage of exploration and development as demonstrated by the high density and distribution of well penetrations and productive wells. A majority of the commercial hydrocarbons consist of oil in Pennsylvanian reservoirs.
1387:
clusters on the eroded Ellenburger Group. Chappel pinnacle reefs are draped and sealed by the overlying Barnett Shale. Stratigraphic traps in Pennsylvanian Atoka sandstones and conglomerates are mainly pinch outs related to facies changes or erosional truncation.
1301:
the Barnett was episodic and began at low (Ro = 0.6%) thermal maturity. Thirty-two oils from Wise and Jack Counties were analyzed to determine the characteristics of the generating source rock. API gravity and sulfur content were integrated with high-resolution
1341: m) of gas. Oil sourced from Barnett Shale is produced from numerous reservoir rocks in the Bend Arch–Fort Worth Basin, including Barnett Shale, Caddo Formation, Canyon Group, Marble Falls Formation, Chappel Limestone, Bend Group, and Ellenburger Group.
741:
efforts resulted in the discovery of more fields and production from numerous other reservoirs including Strawn fluvial/deltaic sandstones, Marble Falls carbonate bank limestones, the Barnett siliceous shale, and occasional upper Ellenburger
1440:
a NE-F gas "sweet spot" where the Barnett is siliceous, thick, within the gas generation window, slightly overpressured, and enclosed by dense, tight overlying Forestburg Limestone and underlying Viola Limestone and Simpson Group as frac
1366:
Traps for conventional hydrocarbon accumulations are mostly stratigraphic for carbonate rock reservoirs and both structural and stratigraphic in clastic-rock reservoirs. Stratigraphic traps in carbonate rocks result from a combination of
757:
in 1973. It has consistently appeared on the list of the ten most active provinces in terms of wells completed and footage drilled. More than 9100 oil wells and 4,520 gas wells were drilled and completed in this area from 1974 to 1980.
1375:, erosion, updip pinchout of facies, and diagenetically controlled enhanced-permeability and porosity zones. A good example of a carbonate stratigraphic trap is the pinnacle reef traps of the Chappel Limestone, where local porous
703:
sometime between Late Ordovician and earliest Pennsylvanian time, perhaps related to the broad, mid-North American, mid-Carboniferous unconformity, resulted in prolonged platform exposure. This erosional event removed any
1331:
fractured Marble Falls Limestone. Conglomerate of the Pennsylvanian Bend Group is the main producing reservoir in the Boonsville Bend Field with cumulative production through 2001 exceeding 3 trillion cubic feet (85
433:
The United States Geological Survey's assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas and undiscovered continuous (unconventional) gas within Province 045 resulted in estimated means of 26.7 trillion cubic feet
662:
Hydrocarbon production from Ordovician and Mississippian formations is mostly from carbonate reservoirs, whereas production in the Pennsylvanian through Lower-Permian Wolfcamp) is mostly from clastic reservoirs. The
628:
preserved in its deepest northeast portion adjacent to the Muenster Arch and Ouachita structural belt. The basin resembles other basins of the Ouachita structural belt, such as the Black Warrior, Arkoma,
582:
Arches to the north, and the Bend and Lampasas Arches along the central part of Province 045. Along the east portion is an area that includes the Eastern Shelf and Concho Arch, collectively known as the
617:
Evolution of the Fort Worth Basin and Bend Arch structures are critical to understanding burial histories and hydrocarbon generation. The asymmetrical, wedge-shaped Fort Worth Basin is a peripheral
1165:
of the Bend Arch–Fort Worth Basin is Mississippian Chester-age Barnett Shale, perhaps including the overlying Chesterian Forestburg Formation. The Barnett commonly exhibits an uncommonly high
237:
Assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and gas identified six conventional plays in Province 045, which are listed below in Table 1: One continuous unconventional play, the "
1287:
outcrops have initial TOC values averaging about 12% with hydrocarbon potentials averaging 9.85% by volume. A good average value for Barnett Shale is derived from the Mitcham #1 well in
675:. Cambrian rocks include granite conglomerate, sandstones, and shale that are overlain by marine carbonate rocks and shale. No production has been reported from Cambrian rocks. The
1405:
of gases from NE-F commonly range between 1,050 and 1,300 BTU. The Barnett's main producing facies is a black, organic-rich siliceous shale with a mean composition of about 45%
1793:
2075:
1190:
1456:
guided by the results of current testing with directional wells and various completion methods to determine optimum completion techniques for gas recovery.
1275:
of Barnett Shale can also be derived from TOC and Rock-Eval (Tmax) measurements. Although Tmax is not very reliable for high maturity kerogens due to poor
1213:
cracking decomposition is a source of oil and gas from the Barnett Shale, the principal source of gas in the Newark East Field is from cracking of oil and
1182:
1436:
Three assessment units have been proposed for the Barnett Shale continuous accumulations, each with different geologic and production characteristics:
1283:
index of less than 100 is in the wet or dry gas windows with equivalent Ro values greater than 1.1% TOC. In contrast, low maturity Barnett Shale from
550:
covering an area of 54,000 square miles (140,000 km). The southern and eastern boundaries are defined by county lines that generally follow the
527:
cases oil) charged throughout their extent. Continuous accumulations commonly have transition zones that grade into more conventional accumulations.
1755:
1451:
an area of lesser potential where overlying and underlying barriers may be absent and production includes oil and gas from fractured Barnett Shale.
791: m) of natural gas liquids. Cumulative gas production from the Barnett Shale for the first half of 2002 was 94 billion cubic feet (2.7
1828:
2070:
1771:
1253:, are derived from Barnett Shale at the middle of the zone of oil generation (oil window) thermal maturities levels (≈0.9% Ro). Although
17:
2080:
1279:
peak yields and peak shape, the extent of kerogen transformation can be utilized. For example, Barnett Shale having a 4.5% TOC and a
2186:
244:" (4503), was also considered. The cumulative mean of undiscovered resource for conventional plays was: 381 million barrels (60.6
1740:
Abdel-Wahab, M. (1980) Stratigraphy of the Strawn (Pennsylvanian), Colorado River Valley, North-Central Texas, master's thesis,
761:
Cumulative production in Province 045 from conventional reservoirs prior to the 1995 USGS Assessment was 2 billion barrels (320
1735:
2105:
2592:
2063:
1306:
1433:, and 5% TOC. Average porosity in the productive portions is about 6% and matrix permeability is measured in nanodarcies.
1401:
where the Barnett is of higher thermal maturity. Gas production is from hydraulically fractured black siliceous shale.
750:
Province 045 is among the more active drilling areas during the resurgence of domestic drilling, which began after the
633:, and Marfa Basins that formed in front of the advancing Ouachita structural belt as it was thrust onto the margin of
513: m) of conventional gas, or about 88% of all undiscovered conventional gas, and about 64.6 million barrels (10.27
2334:
1459:
Historically, estimated ultimate recoveries (EURs) for Barnett gas wells at NE-F increased with time, as follows:
2412:
2058:
1980:
1947:
199:
562:
and the Hollis Basin. The western boundary trends north-south along county lines defining the junction with the
2284:
1913:
563:
2597:
2048:
1885:
2090:
2053:
487: m) of undiscovered gas resource in the province is in conventional nonassociated gas accumulations
1822:
Stratigraphy of the Barnett Shale (Mississippian) and Associated Reefs in the Northern Fort Worth Basin
1810:: The Muenster Uplift of North Texas: The Easternmost Expression of the Pennsylvanian Ancestral Rockies
2554:
2546:
2095:
1837:
1764:
2209:
503:. The Barnett-Paleozoic TPS is estimated to contain a mean of 409.2 billion cubic feet (11.59
2294:
2249:
2110:
2002:
464: m) of undiscovered natural gas liquids. Nearly all of the undiscovered gas resource (98%,
2386:
1254:
721:
Late Pennsylvanian rocks consist mostly of sandstones and conglomerates with fewer and thinner
579:
2395:
2166:
2141:
1993:
1807:
1780:
1448:
is the porous Ellenburger and the overlying Marble Falls Limestone barrier may be absent; and
1288:
1234:
1194:
717:
554:
structural front, although a substantial portion of this structural feature is included near
202:(USGS) as Province 045 and classified as the Barnett-Paleozoic Total Petroleum System (TPS).
2536:
2531:
2497:
2427:
2171:
1518:
1489:
reported the mean EUR for Newark East Barnett gas wells is 1.25 billion cubic feet (35
1315:
1178:
716:
Clastic rocks of provenance similar to the Barnett dominate the Pennsylvanian part of the
8:
2023:
2018:
1940:
1741:
1242:
265:
1800:
2377:
2372:
2254:
2224:
2204:
2151:
2033:
2013:
1422:
1398:
1302:
1258:
1238:
743:
551:
540:
801: m); annual production for 2002 was estimated at 200 billion cubic feet (5.7
2488:
2431:
2404:
2358:
2176:
2161:
2156:
2126:
1445:
1205:
of hydrocarbons per gram of TOC and generate a similar type of high quality oil (low
588:
559:
238:
80:
523: m) of conventional oil, or about 65% of all undiscovered oil in Province 045.
2511:
2408:
2381:
2199:
2146:
2131:
2043:
2028:
1998:
1988:
1272:
1186:
1839:
Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Generation & Storage, Barnett Shale, Ft. Worth Basin
535:
2521:
2469:
2455:
2435:
2368:
2349:
2299:
2279:
2264:
2244:
2085:
1847:
Karst-controlled reservoir heterogeneity; Ellenburger Group Carbonates West Texas
1402:
1284:
1250:
1246:
754:
642:
630:
575:
92:
2506:
2502:
2478:
2473:
2465:
2460:
2441:
2418:
2362:
2344:
2259:
2136:
1933:
1787:
Stratigraphy, Structure, and Economic Aspects of Paleozoic strata, Erath County
1444:
an outlying area where the Barnett is within the gas-generation window but the
621:
600:
level. These faults and associated structures formed during development of the
218:
96:
1197:
Formations). These black shales all contain oil-prone organic matter (Type II
2586:
2483:
2450:
2445:
2354:
2234:
2229:
2219:
2214:
2100:
2008:
1970:
1523:
634:
597:
592:
241:
84:
50:
1261:, Barnett source rock maturity is generally 1.1% Ro or greater. The zone of
2572:
2516:
2390:
2304:
2274:
2038:
1486:
601:
566:
where part of the eastern shelf of the Permian Basin lies in Province 045.
222:
76:
1892:
429:
1. Assessment unit number also indicates time span of stratigraphic units.
2526:
2493:
2319:
2309:
2289:
2269:
1230:
1162:
733:
664:
214:
1149:
Note: GOF = giant oil fields (>500 million barrels of oil equivalent)
2324:
2239:
2194:
1956:
1776:: Rocky Mountain Geologists & Petroleum Technology Transfer Council
1376:
1372:
1202:
696:
444: m) (Tcf) of undiscovered natural gas, 98.5 million barrels (15.66
226:
187:
100:
1869:
1853:
1380:
1276:
1226:
1166:
722:
700:
638:
618:
546:
The Fort Worth Basin and Bend Arch lie entirely within North Central
183:
1318:(BTU) content of Barnett gas is directly proportional to Ro levels.
1265:
generation is in the 1.1-1.4% Ro range, whereas the primary zone of
454: m) of undiscovered oil, and a mean of 1.1 billion barrels (170
1426:
1410:
1280:
705:
688:
684:
680:
676:
604:
and Fort Worth Basin with faulting ending by the early Missourian.
539:
Vertical quartzite and slate strata along the eastern flank of the
195:
2423:
1925:
1418:
1327:
1310:
1266:
1262:
1214:
1210:
1198:
1171:
738:
672:
668:
625:
230:
88:
1914:
Newark East Barnett Shale gas field, cumulative production graph
495:
and associated/dissolved gas in conventional oil accumulations (
278: m) associated gas, and 1,029 billion cubic feet (29.1
39:
2400:
2314:
1430:
1414:
1406:
1368:
1358:) and help retain formation pressures during well stimulation.
1206:
555:
1900:
Method for assessing continuous-type hydrocarbon accumulations
1678:
1676:
1674:
1960:
1886:
Assessing Undiscovered Resources of the Barnett-Paleozoic TPS
1350:
547:
191:
667:
section in the Fort Worth Basin is underlain by Precambrian
1671:
1384:
1229:
reflectance (Ro), estimated at 0.6-0.7%, yield oils of 38°
751:
587:. The Mineral Wells fault runs northeast-southwest through
364:
Pennsylvanian Fluvial-Deltaic Sandstone & Conglomerate
350:
Pennsylvanian Fluvial-Deltaic Sandstone & Conglomerate
234:
1747:
477:
combined). The remaining 467 billion cubic feet (13.2
210:
1879:
Paleotectonic investigations of the Mississippian System
1730:
1863:
Research characterize Fort Worth Basin's Barnett Shale
27:
Major petroleum producing region in Texas and Oklahoma
1814:
1269:
generation (main gas window) begins at a Ro of 1.4%.
1759:: USGS National Assessment of Oil and Gas resources
1349:Seal rocks in the Barnett-Paleozoic TPS are mostly
190:system which is primarily located in North Central
814:
771: m) of oil, 7.8 trillion cubic feet (220
1855:Assessment hierarchy and initial province ranking
1830:Barnett Shale as an analog for other black shales
1736:Texas Railroad Commission Public Interactive Data
2584:
1920:Plate tectonic evolution of the Fort Worth Basin
1871:Natural fluid network constrains assessment unit
1773:Developments of Barnett Shale, Fort Worth Basin
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
728:
1801:1995 National assessment Oil and gas resources
1225:Low maturation levels in the Barnett Shale at
392:Greater Newark East Fractured Siliceous Shale
344:Low-Pennsylvanian Sandstone & Conglomerate
1941:
1170:Texas; however, because of post-depositional
254: m) of oil, 103.6 million barrels (16.47
1781:Mid-year Operations and Barnett Shale school
1565:
1540:
1538:
781: m) of gas, and 500 million barrels (79
406:Ellenburger Subcrop Fractured Barnett Shale
1893:National Assessment of Oil & Gas Series
2076:National Register of Historic Places Sites
1948:
1934:
1391:
38:
1765:Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin Province (045)
1700:Lancaster et al., 1993; Henk et al., 2000
1535:
1295:
624:with about 12,000 feet (3,700 m) of
534:
1383:are restricted to isolated buildups or
657:
14:
2585:
1731:Barnett Shale Energy Education Council
1659:Henk et al., 2000; Jarvie et al., 2001
1201:) based on hydrogen indices above 350
574:Major structural features include the
569:
1929:
1749:Barnett Shale play hot in North Texas
1257:is associated with gas production in
420:North Basin and Arch Fractured Shale
198:. It is officially designated by the
172:Barnett Shale, Pennsylvanian, Permian
1907:Barnett Shale living up to potential
1808:"The Muenster Uplift of North Texas"
1307:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
691:are absent in the Fort Worth Basin.
378:Upper Pennsylvanian/Permian Clastic
1220:
637:. Thrusting occurred during a late
612:
607:
268:, 479 billion cubic feet (13.6
225:reservoirs ranging in age from the
180:Bend Arch–Fort Worth Basin Province
33:Bend Arch–Fort Worth Basin Province
24:
1955:
1321:
217:in Province 045 are produced from
25:
2609:
2081:Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
1858:, USGS World Petroleum Assessment
1824:: Dallas Geological Society (DGS)
1789:: Dallas Geological Society (DGS)
1474:of gas between 1990 and 1997; and
414:Mississippian Barnett Shale (Hyp)
400:Mississippian Barnett Shale (Hyp)
386:Mississippian Barnett Shale (Hyp)
2566:
1209:, >30 API gravity). Although
872:2.5 trillion cubic feet (71
1794:The Fargo Field: A Case History
1712:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1623:Texas Railroad Commission, 2202
1477:800 to 1200 million cubic feet
1470:600 to 1000 million cubic feet
815:Petroleum data: selected fields
205:
200:United States Geological Survey
1617:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1556:
1547:
1463:300 to 500 million cubic feet
1156:
13:
1:
1909:: AAPG Explorer, v. 23, no. 7
1842:Special BEG/PTTC Presentation
1724:
1481:of gas between 1998 and 2000.
1344:
308:2003 Proposed AU Designation
288: m) non-associated gas.
729:Petroleum production history
648:
336:Mississippian Pinnacle Reef
7:
2593:Geologic provinces of Texas
2071:National Historic Landmarks
1833:: AAPG Meeting, New Mexico.
1682:Bowker, 2002; Shirley, 2002
1512:
530:
10:
2614:
1796:Geophysics, V. 28, Issue 6
1779:Devon Energy Corp. (2002)
1409:, 27% clay (mostly illite/
831:Cumulative gas production
828:Cumulative oil production
291:
18:Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin
2562:
2555:List of counties in Texas
2545:
2333:
2185:
2119:
1979:
1967:
1147:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
168:
141:Current production of gas
140:
135:
127:
119:
111:
106:
72:
64:
56:
46:
37:
32:
1529:
1479:(2.3 × 10 to 3.4 × 10 m)
1472:(1.7 × 10 to 2.8 × 10 m)
1465:(8.5 × 10 to 1.4 × 10 m)
1361:
1326:Reservoir rocks include
1874:, USGS World Assessment
1817:, in Devon Energy Corp.
1392:Fractured Barnett Shale
996:10 million barrels (1.6
699:. A pronounced drop in
497:1084 × 10 billion cu ft
489:(3586 × 8 billion cu ft
330:Mississippian Carbonate
154: cu ft/d (5.7
1806:George, M. C. (2016).
1718:Lancaster et al., 1993
1709:Lancaster et al., 1993
1296:Hydrocarbon generation
543:
1884:Pollastro, M. (2003)
1861:Lancaster, D. (1993)
1849:: AAPG Bulletin, v. 7
1815:Barnett Shale geology
1509: m) to its EUR.
851:million cubic meters
845:million cubic meters
718:stratigraphic section
538:
358:Strawn (Desmoinesian)
322:Ordovician Carbonate
302:1995 Play Designation
1912:Swindell, G. (2002)
1898:Schmoker, J. (1996)
1820:Henry, J. D. (1982)
1519:East Texas oil field
1316:British Thermal Unit
1179:total organic carbon
658:General stratigraphy
591:, Parker, Wise, and
169:Producing formations
2598:Geology of Oklahoma
2106:Tourist attractions
1905:Shirley, K. (2002)
1785:Flippin, J. (1982)
1742:University of Texas
1668:Jarvie et al., 2001
1467:of gas before 1990;
1429:), 5% feldspar, 5%
848:billion cubic feet
570:Structural elements
266:natural gas liquids
120:Start of production
60:North Central Texas
2210:Blackland Prairies
1918:Walper, J. (1982)
1891:Schenk, C. (2001)
1868:Magoon, L. (2000)
1845:Kerans, C. (1988)
1836:Jarvie, D. (2004)
1827:Jarvie, D. (2002)
1770:Bowker, K. (2002)
1746:Allard, J. (2000)
1641:Maple et al., 1979
1632:Mapel et al., 1979
1417:), 10% carbonate (
1303:gas chromatography
596:Ellenburger Group
544:
128:Peak of production
2580:
2579:
2295:Rio Grande Valley
1881:: USGS Paper 1010
1877:Mapel, W. (1979)
1852:Klett, T. (2000)
1371:and depositional
1247:Callahan Counties
1154:
1153:
1150:
560:Wichita Mountains
430:
424:
423:
372:Post Desmoinesian
316:Pre-Mississippian
194:and southwestern
176:
175:
164: m/d) (2002)
81:Chesapeake Energy
16:(Redirected from
2605:
2573:Texas portal
2571:
2570:
2569:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1895:, USGS FS-113-01
1813:Hall, J. (2002)
1792:Faust, L (1963)
1763:Ball, M. (1995)
1754:Ball, M. (1996)
1719:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1505:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1403:Calorific values
1337:
1336:
1273:Thermal maturity
1237:. Oils found in
1221:Thermal maturity
1148:
1006: m) of oil
1002:
1001:
882: m) of gas
878:
877:
842:million barrels
819:
818:
807:
806:
797:
796:
787:
786:
777:
776:
767:
766:
613:Fort Worth Basin
608:Tectonic history
519:
518:
509:
508:
502:
498:
494:
490:
483:
482:
476:
475:(2.62 × 10 cu ft
471:
467:
460:
459:
450:
449:
440:
439:
426:
296:
295:
284:
283:
274:
273:
260:
259:
250:
249:
160:
159:
150:
149:
65:Offshore/onshore
42:
30:
29:
21:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2567:
2565:
2558:
2541:
2436:Greater Houston
2387:College Station
2336:
2329:
2300:Southeast Texas
2265:Northeast Texas
2250:Golden Triangle
2245:Edwards Plateau
2181:
2115:
1975:
1963:
1954:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1566:
1562:Pollastro, 2001
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1532:
1515:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1490:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1394:
1364:
1347:
1334:
1332:
1324:
1322:Reservoir rocks
1298:
1285:Lampasas County
1251:Montague County
1249:as well, as in
1223:
1159:
999:
997:
875:
873:
817:
804:
802:
794:
792:
784:
782:
774:
772:
764:
762:
731:
660:
651:
615:
610:
593:Denton Counties
585:Concho Platform
572:
533:
516:
514:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
480:
478:
474:
469:
466:2.62 × 10 cu ft
465:
457:
455:
447:
445:
437:
435:
428:
294:
281:
279:
271:
269:
257:
255:
247:
245:
208:
157:
155:
147:
145:
93:Range Resources
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2611:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2578:
2577:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2551:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2439:
2421:
2416:
2398:
2396:Corpus Christi
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2363:Greater Austin
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2260:Llano Estacado
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2111:Transportation
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2003:Climate change
1996:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1768:
1761:
1752:
1744:
1738:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1711:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1564:
1555:
1553:Schmoker, 1996
1546:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1442:
1393:
1390:
1363:
1360:
1346:
1343:
1323:
1320:
1297:
1294:
1222:
1219:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1007:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
983:
979:
978:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
962:
958:
957:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
941:
937:
936:
933:
930:
928:
926:
923:
920:
917:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
887:
886:
883:
870:
867:
864:
862:
860:
857:
853:
852:
849:
846:
843:
839:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
816:
813:
730:
727:
659:
656:
650:
647:
622:foreland basin
614:
611:
609:
606:
571:
568:
532:
529:
422:
421:
418:
415:
412:
408:
407:
404:
401:
398:
394:
393:
390:
387:
384:
380:
379:
376:
373:
370:
366:
365:
362:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
345:
342:
338:
337:
334:
331:
328:
324:
323:
320:
317:
314:
310:
309:
306:
303:
300:
293:
290:
207:
204:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
142:
138:
137:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
104:
103:
97:ConocoPhillips
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2610:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2575:
2574:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2537:Wichita Falls
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:New Braunfels
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2428:The Woodlands
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:Permian Basin
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:Cross Timbers
2233:
2231:
2230:Concho Valley
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Central Texas
2218:
2216:
2215:Brazos Valley
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1902:: USGS DDS-30
1901:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1803:: USGS DDS-30
1802:
1799:Gautier, D.,
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1578:Flippen, 1982
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1525:
1524:Barnett Shale
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1498:
1488:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1359:
1357:
1356:frac barriers
1352:
1342:
1340:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
984:
981:
980:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
963:
960:
959:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
942:
939:
938:
934:
931:
929:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
914:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
888:
884:
881:
871:
868:
865:
863:
861:
859:Wise, Denton
858:
855:
854:
850:
847:
844:
841:
840:
820:
812:
810:
800:
790:
780:
770:
759:
756:
753:
748:
745:
740:
735:
726:
724:
719:
714:
710:
707:
702:
698:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
655:
646:
645:convergence.
644:
640:
636:
635:North America
632:
627:
623:
620:
605:
603:
599:
598:stratigraphic
594:
590:
586:
581:
577:
567:
565:
564:Permian Basin
561:
557:
553:
549:
542:
537:
528:
524:
522:
512:
493:1.015 × 10 m)
486:
463:
453:
443:
431:
419:
416:
413:
410:
409:
405:
402:
399:
396:
395:
391:
388:
385:
382:
381:
377:
374:
371:
368:
367:
363:
360:
357:
354:
353:
349:
346:
343:
340:
339:
335:
332:
329:
326:
325:
321:
318:
315:
312:
311:
307:
304:
301:
299:1995 Play No.
298:
297:
289:
287:
277:
267:
263:
253:
243:
242:Barnett Shale
240:
239:Mississippian
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
171:
167:
163:
153:
143:
139:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:Field history
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:EOG Resources
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
51:United States
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2564:
2552:
2532:Wagner Creek
2335:Metropolitan
2305:South Plains
2275:Osage Plains
2255:Hill Country
2225:Coastal Bend
2167:Homelessness
2142:Demographics
1994:Architecture
1969:
1919:
1906:
1899:
1878:
1870:
1865:: OGJ, v. 91
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1829:
1821:
1786:
1772:
1757:Province 045
1756:
1748:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1691:Jarvie, 2002
1687:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1614:Walper, 1982
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1558:
1549:
1506:
1496:
1487:Devon Energy
1484:
1458:
1454:
1435:
1395:
1365:
1355:
1348:
1338:
1325:
1299:
1289:Brown County
1271:
1243:Throckmorton
1235:Brown County
1224:
1176:
1161:The primary
1160:
1131:Lake Abilene
1108:Branch South
1003:
985:Shackelford
879:
808:
798:
788:
778:
768:
760:
749:
732:
715:
711:
693:
661:
652:
616:
602:Llano Uplift
584:
573:
545:
525:
520:
510:
501:3.07 × 10 m)
484:
461:
451:
441:
432:
425:
285:
275:
264: m) of
261:
251:
223:clastic rock
209:
206:Introduction
179:
177:
161:
151:
77:Devon Energy
2494:San Antonio
2378:Brownsville
2373:Port Arthur
2320:Trans-Pecos
2310:South Texas
2290:Piney Woods
2270:North Texas
2172:LGBT rights
1650:Maple, 1979
1605:Henry, 1982
1596:Henry, 1982
1587:Henry, 1982
1399:Wise County
1259:Wise County
1239:Shackelford
1231:API gravity
1195:Chattanooga
1163:source rock
1157:Source rock
1037:Breckeridge
982:Shackelford
893:Wise, Jack
856:Newark East
755:oil embargo
734:Hydrocarbon
665:sedimentary
641:episode of
470:7.4 × 10 m)
233:. The 1995
182:is a major
2587:Categories
2489:San Angelo
2432:Sugar Land
2405:Fort Worth
2359:Round Rock
2325:West Texas
2240:East Texas
2205:Boca Chica
2195:Ark‑La‑Tex
2054:Newspapers
2049:Mass media
2044:Literature
2024:Healthcare
2019:Government
1725:References
1544:Ball, 1996
1377:grainstone
1373:topography
1345:Seal rocks
1255:condensate
1203:milligrams
1191:New Albany
1088:Wilbarger
932:Abandoned
890:Boonsville
837:Discovery
811: m).
697:Ordovician
589:Palo Pinto
227:Ordovician
188:geological
186:producing
136:Production
101:ExxonMobil
2512:Texarkana
2409:Arlington
2382:Harlingen
2280:Panhandle
2152:Education
2034:Languages
2014:Geography
1974:(capital)
1485:In 2002,
1441:barriers;
1381:packstone
1305:(GC) and
1277:pyrolysis
1227:vitrinite
1167:gamma-ray
1040:Stephens
1017:Eastland
964:Lampasas
834:Reserves
744:dolomitic
723:limestone
701:sea level
649:Bend Arch
639:Paleozoic
631:Val Verde
619:Paleozoic
580:Red River
541:Ouachitas
219:carbonate
184:petroleum
112:Discovery
73:Operators
2547:Counties
2522:Victoria
2470:Edinburg
2456:Longview
2369:Beaumont
2350:Amarillo
2200:Big Bend
2177:Politics
2162:Gun laws
2157:Gambling
2127:Abortion
1513:See also
1427:siderite
1423:dolomite
1411:smectite
1311:isotopic
1281:hydrogen
1183:Woodford
1177:Average
1064:Wichita
919:Wichita
905:160,000
706:Silurian
689:Triassic
685:Jurassic
681:Devonian
677:Silurian
576:Muenster
552:Ouachita
531:Boundary
196:Oklahoma
2507:Denison
2503:Sherman
2479:Midland
2474:Mission
2466:McAllen
2461:Lubbock
2442:Killeen
2424:Houston
2419:El Paso
2345:Abilene
2187:Regions
2147:Economy
2132:Culture
2120:Society
2091:Symbols
2029:History
2009:Cuisine
1999:Climate
1989:Outline
1446:subcrop
1419:calcite
1328:clastic
1267:dry gas
1263:wet gas
1215:bitumen
1211:kerogen
1199:kerogen
1172:erosion
1134:Taylor
1014:Lee Ray
825:County
739:wildcat
673:diorite
669:granite
305:2003 AU
292:Table 1
231:Permian
229:to the
89:Ovintiv
68:Onshore
47:Country
2484:Odessa
2451:Laredo
2446:Temple
2401:Dallas
2355:Austin
2315:Texoma
2096:Texans
2086:Sports
1981:Topics
1971:Austin
1431:pyrite
1425:, and
1415:illite
1413:, and
1407:quartz
1369:facies
1245:, and
1207:sulfur
1193:, and
1187:Bakken
943:Brown
916:Ranger
902:5,500
869:5,700
822:Field
725:beds.
687:, and
626:strata
556:Dallas
427:Notes:
57:Region
2553:See:
2517:Tyler
2391:Bryan
2337:areas
2137:Crime
2059:Radio
1961:Texas
1957:State
1922:: DGS
1530:Notes
1362:Traps
1351:shale
1126:1983
1103:1940
1085:Fargo
1080:1931
1070:29.3
1056:1919
1046:23.4
1032:1978
1009:1954
977:2006
956:1926
935:1917
925:12.4
911:1950
899:39.0
885:1981
643:plate
548:Texas
192:Texas
131:1960s
115:1900s
2527:Waco
2101:Time
1888:USGS
1767:USGS
1385:reef
1379:and
1121:450
1094:5.4
1077:GOF
1067:184
1053:GOF
1043:147
1027:540
961:TOGA
908:GOF
896:245
866:200
752:OPEC
671:and
578:and
434:(760
411:4503
397:4503
383:4503
369:4505
355:4505
341:4504
327:4502
313:4501
235:USGS
221:and
213:and
178:The
123:1917
2413:DFW
2039:Law
1959:of
1233:in
1118:16
1111:NA
1091:34
1061:KMA
1024:19
940:Fry
922:78
499:or
491:or
468:or
215:gas
211:Oil
144:200
87:,
2589::
2064:TV
1673:^
1567:^
1537:^
1503:10
1493:10
1421:,
1335:10
1241:,
1217:.
1189:,
1185:,
1145:-
1000:10
876:10
805:10
795:10
785:10
775:10
765:10
683:,
679:,
517:10
507:10
481:10
458:10
448:10
438:10
282:10
272:10
258:10
248:10
158:10
148:10
99:,
95:,
91:,
83:,
79:,
2505:–
2496:–
2472:–
2468:–
2444:–
2438:)
2434:(
2430:–
2426:–
2415:)
2411:(
2407:–
2403:–
2389:–
2380:–
2371:–
2365:)
2361:(
2357:–
2005:)
2001:(
1949:e
1942:t
1935:v
1507:^
1501:×
1497:^
1491:×
1354:(
1339:^
1333:×
1004:^
998:×
880:^
874:×
809:^
803:×
799:^
793:×
789:^
783:×
779:^
773:×
769:^
763:×
521:^
515:×
511:^
505:×
485:^
479:×
462:^
456:×
452:^
446:×
442:^
436:×
417:8
403:7
389:6
375:5
361:4
347:3
333:2
319:1
286:^
280:×
276:^
270:×
262:^
256:×
252:^
246:×
162:^
156:×
152:^
146:×
20:)
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