Barn swallow - Knowledge

1262:, darker ventral plumage in males is associated with higher breeding success. In other populations, the breeding success of the male is related to the length of the tail streamers, with longer streamers being more attractive to the female. Males with longer tail feathers are generally longer-lived and more disease resistant, females thus gaining an indirect fitness benefit from this form of selection, since longer tail feathers indicate a genetically stronger individual which will produce offspring with enhanced vitality. Males in northern Europe have longer tails than those further south, whereas in Spain the male's tail streamers are only 5% longer than the female's; in Finland, the difference is 20%. In Denmark, the average male tail length increased by 9% between 1984 and 2004, but it is possible that climatic changes may lead in the future to shorter tails if summers become hot and dry. 1460: 1303:

suitable vertical projection. It is constructed by both sexes, although more often by the female, with mud pellets collected in their beaks and lined with grasses, feathers, algae or other soft materials. The nest building ability of the male is also sexually selected; females will lay more eggs and at an earlier date with males who are better at nest construction, with the opposite being true with males that are not. After building the nest, barn swallows may nest colonially where sufficient high-quality nest sites are available, and within a colony, each pair defends a territory around the nest which, for the European subspecies, is 4 to 8 m (40 to 90 sq ft) in size.

1637: 996: 6371: 1231: 1242: 1617:. The roughly 250 m (270 yd) square Mount Moreland reed bed is a night roost for more than three million barn swallows, which represent 1% of the global population and 8% of the European breeding population. The reed bed lies on the flight path of aircraft using the proposed La Mercy airport, and there were fears that it would be cleared because the birds could threaten aircraft safety. However, following detailed evaluation, advanced radar technology will be installed to enable planes using the airport to be warned of bird movements and, if necessary, take appropriate measures to avoid the flocks. 1250: 705: 1565: 625: 31: 357: 87: 1448: 1223: 1424: 1091: 226: 62: 946: 1436: 720: 1819: 1476: 1007: 943:, Costa Rica, Panama and South America to winter. A few may winter in the southernmost parts of the breeding range. This subspecies funnels through Central America on a narrow front and is therefore abundant on passage in the lowlands of both coasts. Since the 1980s, small numbers of this subspecies have been found nesting in Argentina. 1350:

chicks fledge. The fledged young stay with, and are fed by, the parents for about a week after leaving the nest. Occasionally, first-year birds from the first brood will assist in feeding the second brood. Compared to those from early broods, juvenile barn swallows from late broods have been found to

1276:

The breeding season of the barn swallow is variable: in the southern part of the range, the breeding season usually is from February or March to early to mid September, although some late second and third broods finish in October. In the northern part of the range, it usually starts late May to early

1627:

will make it a more formidable obstacle for migrating European birds. Hot dry summers will reduce the availability of insect food for chicks. Conversely, warmer springs may lengthen the breeding season and result in more chicks, and the opportunity to use nest sites outside buildings in the north of

1321:

Barn swallows will normally raise two broods, with the original nest being reused for the second brood and being repaired and reused in subsequent years. The female lays two to seven, but typically four or five, reddish-spotted white eggs. The clutch size is influenced by latitude, with clutch sizes

991:

Barn swallows are semi-colonial, settling in groups from a single pair to a few dozen pairs, particularly in larger wooden structures housing animals. The same individuals often breed at the same site year after year, although settlement choices have been experimentally shown to be predicted by nest

1165:

The amount of food a clutch will get depends on the size of the clutch, with larger clutches getting more food on average. The timing of a clutch also determines the food given; later broods get food that is smaller in size compared to earlier broods. This is because larger insects are too far away

470:

forehead, chin and throat, which are separated from the off-white underparts by a broad dark blue breast band. The outer tail feathers are elongated, giving the distinctive deeply forked "swallow tail". There is a line of white spots across the outer end of the upper tail. The female is similar in

335:

from mud pellets in barns or similar structures and feeds on insects caught in flight. This species lives in close association with humans, and its insect-eating habits mean that it is tolerated by humans; this acceptance was reinforced in the past by superstitions regarding the bird and its nest.

1783:

was reinforced by superstitions regarding damage to the barn swallow's nest. Such an act might lead to cows giving bloody milk, or no milk at all, or to hens ceasing to lay. This may be a factor in the longevity of swallows' nests. Survival, with suitable annual refurbishment, for 10–15 years is

1187:

before swooping low over the reeds. Reed beds are an important source of food prior to and whilst on migration; although the barn swallow is a diurnal migrant that can feed on the wing whilst it travels low over ground or water, the reed beds enable fat deposits to be established or replenished.

1109:

The barn swallow typically feeds in open areas 7–8 m (23–26 ft) above shallow water or the ground often following animals, humans or farm machinery to catch disturbed insects, but it will occasionally pick prey items from the water surface, walls and plants. Swallows have been observed

1069:

Migration of barn swallows between Britain and South Africa was first established on 23 December 1912 when a bird that had been ringed by James Masefield at a nest in Staffordshire, was found in Natal. As would be expected for a long-distance migrant, this bird has occurred as a vagrant to such

874:

in 1786, has whitish underparts and a broken breast band. The breast is chestnut and the lower underparts more pink-buff. The populations that breed in the central and eastern Himalayas have been included in this subspecies, although the primary breeding range is Japan and Korea. The east Asian

1385:

Hatching success is 90% and the fledging survival rate is 70–90%. Average mortality is 70–80% in the first year and 40–70% for the adult. Although the record age is more than 11 years, most survive less than four years. Barn swallow nestlings have prominent red gapes, a feature shown to induce

1196:

Males sing to defend small territories (when living in colonies, less so in solitary pairs) and to attract mates. Males sing throughout the breeding season, from late April into August in many parts of the range. Their song is made up of a "twitter warble," followed by a rising "P-syllable" in

1302:

As its name implies, the barn swallow typically nests inside accessible buildings such as barns and stables, or under bridges and wharves. Before man-made sites became common, it nested on cliff faces or in caves, but this is now rare. The neat cup-shaped nest is placed on a beam or against a

987:

The preferred habitat of the barn swallow is open country with low vegetation, such as pasture, meadows and farmland, preferably with nearby water. This swallow avoids heavily wooded or precipitous areas and densely built-up locations. The presence of accessible open structures such as barns,

1597:

in the US in the 19th century, and an ongoing gradual decline in numbers in parts of Europe and Asia due to agricultural intensification, reducing the availability of insect food. However, there has been an increase in the population in North America during the 20th century with the greater

1747:

In the book of Proverbs, chapter 26:2, it mentions the swallow, alluding to perhaps death by predators such as the falcon when airborne in flight, and thus inferring that there is a distinct cause and effect relationship between risky actions, and negative consequences that result.

726: 724: 721: 793:. The barn swallows wintering in southern Africa are from across Eurasia to at least 91°E, and have been recorded as covering up to 11,660 km (7,250 mi) on their annual migration. The nominate European subspecies was the first to have its genome sequenced and published. 725: 471:

appearance to the male, but the tail streamers are shorter, the blue of the upperparts and breast band is less glossy, and the underparts paler. The juvenile is browner and has a paler rufous face and whiter underparts. It also lacks the long tail streamers of the adult.

1588:

This is a species that has greatly benefited historically from forest clearance, which has created the open habitats it prefers, and from human habitation, which have given it an abundance of safe man-made nest sites. There have been local declines due to the use of

1386:

feeding by parent birds. An experiment in manipulating brood size and immune system showed the vividness of the gape was positively correlated with T-cell–mediated immunocompetence, and that larger brood size and injection with an antigen led to a less vivid gape.

1650:

The barn swallow is an attractive bird that feeds on flying insects and has therefore been tolerated by humans when it shares their buildings for nesting. As one of the earlier migrants, this conspicuous species is also seen as an early sign of summer's approach.

1775:

is traditional among sailors as a symbol of a safe return; the tradition was that a mariner had a tattoo of this fellow wanderer after sailing 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 kilometres). A second swallow would be added after 10,000 nmi (19,000 km) at sea.

1012: 1011: 1008: 1056:

fields and the waste from the cane. In the absence of suitable roost sites, they may sometimes roost on wires where they are more exposed to predators. Individual birds tend to return to the same wintering locality each year and congregate from a large area to

1318:. Barn swallows will build their nest below an osprey nest, receiving protection from other birds of prey that are repelled by the exclusively fish-eating ospreys. The ospreys are alerted to the presence of these predators by the alarm calls of the swallows. 1013: 5269: 723: 1061:

in reed beds. These roosts can be extremely large; one in Nigeria had an estimated 1.5 million birds. These roosts are thought to be a protection from predators, and the arrival of roosting birds is synchronised in order to overwhelm predators like

643: 1257:

The male barn swallow returns to the breeding grounds before the females and selects a nest site, which is then advertised to females with a circling flight and song. Plumage may be used to advertise: in some populations, like in the subspecies

1172:

studies have shown that wintering populations may utilise different feeding habitats, with British breeders feeding mostly over grassland, whereas Swiss birds utilised woodland more. Another study showed that a single population breeding in

1010: 1205:

In all subspecies, this is followed by a short "Q-syllable" and a trilled series of pulses, termed the "rattle." The rattle is sometimes followed by a terminal "Ω-Note" in some subspecies' populations, and always at the end of

1525:. The avian lice prefer to feed on white tail spots, and they are generally found more numerously on short-tailed males, indicating the function of unbroken white tail spots as a measure of quality. In Texas, the swallow bug ( 3193: 1213:

Female songs are much shorter than male songs, and are only produced during the early part of the breeding season. Females sing spontaneously, though infrequently, and will also countersing in response to each other.

3943:

Liu, Yu; Scordato, Elizabeth S. C.; Safran, Rebecca; Evans, Matthew (2018). "Ventral colour, not tail streamer length, is associated with seasonal reproductive performance in a Chinese population of barn swallows

692:—was formerly treated as a subspecies of barn swallow. The red-chested swallow is slightly smaller than its migratory relative, has a narrower blue breast-band, and (in the adult) has shorter tail streamers. In 641: 1572:

The barn swallow has an enormous range, with an estimated global extent of about 250,000,000 km (97,000,000 sq mi) and a population of 190 million individuals. The species is evaluated as

1542:

are known to prey on barn swallows. Swallows at their communal roosts attract predators and several falcon species make use of these opportunities. Falcon species confirmed as predators include the

1180:

The barn swallow drinks by skimming low over lakes or rivers and scooping up water with its open mouth. This bird bathes in a similar fashion, dipping into the water for an instant while in flight.

1106:. It is not a particularly fast flier, with a speed estimated at 11 m/s (40 km/h), up to 20 m/s (72 km/h) and a wing beat rate of approximately 5, up to 7–9 times each second. 803:

in 1910. It breeds in the Middle East from southern Turkey to Israel and is partially resident, though some birds winter in East Africa. It has orange-red underparts and a broken breast band. The

1025:

and North America, and it is absent only from deserts and the cold northernmost parts of the continents. Over much of its range, it avoids towns, and in Europe is replaced in urban areas by the

988:

stables, or culverts to provide nesting sites, and exposed locations such as wires, roof ridges or bare branches for perching, are also important in the bird's selection of its breeding range.

722: 336:

There are frequent cultural references to the barn swallow in literary and religious works due to both its living in close proximity to humans and its annual migration. The barn swallow is the

642: 992:

availability rather than any characteristics of available mates. Because it takes around 2 weeks for a pair to build a nest from mud, hair, and other materials, old nests are highly prized.

3833:

Wilkins, Matthew R; Scordato, Elizabeth S C; Semenov, Georgy A; Karaardiç, Hakan; Shizuka, Daizaburo; Rubtsov, Alexander; Pap, Peter L; Shen, Sheng-Feng; Safran, Rebecca J (30 March 2018).

328:) have fairly restricted ranges in the Nile valley and eastern Mediterranean, respectively. The other four are more widespread, with winter ranges covering much of the Southern Hemisphere. 1009: 3204: 4844: 887:

area. It is thought that the two eastern Asia forms were once geographically separate, but the nest sites provided by expanding human habitation allowed the ranges to overlap.

3101: 1044:

In winter, the barn swallow is cosmopolitan in its choice of habitat, avoiding only dense forests and deserts. It is most common in open, low vegetation habitats, such as

4090:

Kose, Mati; Mänd, Raivo; Møller, Anders Pape (December 1999). "Sexual selection for white tail spots in the barn swallow in relation to habitat choice by feather lice".

2261:

Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata

935:

in 1783, differs from the European subspecies in having redder underparts and a narrower, often incomplete, blue breast band. It breeds throughout North America, from

5260: 5032: 1803:, where it represents younger sons who have no lands. It is also represented as lacking feet as this was a common belief at the time. As a result of a campaign by 3147: 3921: 301:

in the world, occurring on all continents, with vagrants reported even in Antarctica. It appears to have the largest natural distribution of any of the world's

4315:

Soler, Juan José; Cuervo, José Javier; Møller, Anders Pape; De Lope, Florentino (1998). "Nest building is a sexually selected behaviour in the barn swallow".

1066:. The barn swallow has been recorded as breeding in the more temperate parts of its winter range, such as the mountains of Thailand and in central Argentina. 2913: 1280:

Both sexes defend the nest, but the male is particularly aggressive and territorial. Once established, pairs stay together to breed for life, but extra-pair

2673: 4601:

Kose, Mati; Møller, Anders Pape (1999). "Sexual selection, feather breakage and parasites: the importance of white spots in the tail of the barn swallow (

5248: 3835:"Global song divergence in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica): exploring the roles of genetic, geographical and climatic distance in sympatry and allopatry" 1605:

A specific threat to wintering birds from the European populations is the transformation by the South African government of a light aircraft runway near

331:

The barn swallow is a bird of open country that normally nests in man-made structures and consequently has spread with human expansion. It builds a cup

1362:

that venture too close to their nest, often flying very close to the threat. Adult barn swallows have few predators, but some are taken by accipiters,

7256: 3800: 2590: 1346:, but in North America the male may incubate up to 25% of the time. The incubation period is normally 14–19 days, with another 18–23 days before the 634: 734:

Six subspecies of barn swallow are generally recognised. In eastern Asia, a number of additional or alternative forms have been proposed, including

1771:, but even this careful observer was uncertain whether it migrated or hibernated in winter. Elsewhere, its long journeys were well observed, and a 2548: 305:, ranging over 251 million square kilometres globally. It is a distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts and a long, deeply forked tail. In 7147: 4754:

Ezaki, Yasuo; Mizota, Hiromi (2006). "Wintering of a Peregrine Falcon on an electricity pylon and its food in a suburban area of western Japan".

2365: 595: 4862: 2614:"SMRT long reads and Direct Label and Stain optical maps allow the generation of a high-quality genome assembly for the European barn swallow ( 1021:

This species breeds across the Northern Hemisphere from sea level to 2,700 m (8,900 ft), but to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in the

7432: 7212: 2303: 1459: 1273:

damage again demonstrate breeding quality; a positive association exists between spot size and the number of offspring produced each season.

3991:

Saino, Nicola; Romano, Maria; Sacchi; Roberto; Ninni, Paola; Galeotti, Paolo; Møller, Anders Pape (September 2003). "Do male barn swallows (

7473: 3862: 4836: 4158: 3032: 1183:

Swallows gather in communal roosts after breeding, sometimes thousands strong. Reed beds are regularly favoured, with the birds swirling

3587: 3322: 6221: 4423:

L. from late broods start autumn migration younger, fuel less effectively and show lower return rates than juveniles from early broods"

2989:"Settlement patterns of female barn swallows Hirundo rustica across different group sizes: access to colorful males or favored nests?" 6791: 650: 572:

means "of the country". This species is the only one of that genus to have a range extending into the Americas, with the majority of

4921: 3556: 3093: 7508: 7393: 7098: 509:

The distinctive combination of a red face and blue breast band renders the adult barn swallow easy to distinguish from the African

5227: 7419: 7160: 2696: 4732: 4455: 3483: 3264: 2725: 2480: 2432: 974:

region of Siberia, a dispersal direction opposite to that for most changes in distribution between North America and Eurasia.

5094: 5069: 5005: 4896: 4215:

Møller, Anders Pape (October 1985). "Mixed reproductive strategy and mate guarding in a semi-colonial passerine, the swallow

4152: 4052: 3581: 3401: 3371: 3302: 3230: 3170: 2876: 2851: 2768: 2758: 2379: 2312: 2286: 2238: 2209: 2178: 2101: 2030: 1703:: "For as one swallow or one day does not make a spring, so one day or a short time does not make a fortunate or happy man." 7424: 7165: 7513: 7498: 7493: 7251: 4180:

Møller, Anders Pape; Tegelstrom, Håkan (November 1997). "Extra-pair paternity and tail ornamentation in the barn swallow".

418: in) long including 2–7 cm (1–3 in) of elongated outer tail feathers. It has a wingspan of 32–34.5 cm ( 766:

in 1934. Given the uncertainties over the validity of these forms, this article follows the treatment of Turner and Rose.

6590: 5253: 5021: 1658:, the barn swallow appears to have used man-made structures and bridges since time immemorial. An early reference is in 7121: 7036: 5306: 5144: 4576: 3135: 2463: 1807:, the barn swallow has been the national bird of Estonia since 23 June 1960, and is also the national bird of Austria. 1581:, and has no special status under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ( 1322:

of northern populations being higher on average than southern populations. The eggs are 20 mm × 14 mm (

7295: 6600: 5110: 3456:"Wingbeat frequency of barn swallows and house martins: a comparison between free flight and wind tunnel experiments" 474:

Although both sexes sing, female song was only recently described. (See below for details about song.) Calls include

1832: 1342: in) in size, and weigh 1.9 grams (29 grains), of which 5% is shell. In Europe, the female does almost all the 7503: 7437: 7303: 7067: 1610: 7217: 2894: 1689:

Many literary references are based on the barn swallow's northward migration as a symbol of spring or summer. The

1435: 7080: 7049: 6663: 2665: 1767: 1351:

migrate at a younger age, fuel less efficiently during migration and have lower return rates the following year.

546: 201: 6814: 6658: 6520: 6214: 1729: 4677: 917:, has deep orange-red underparts and an incomplete breast band. The tail is also longer. It breeds in central 7199: 6984: 6678: 6673: 6595: 5853: 5848: 5242: 2125:"Analysis of female song provides insight into the evolution of sex differences in a widely studied songbird" 1772: 1623:

may affect the barn swallow; drought causes weight loss and slow feather regrowth, and the expansion of the

576:

species being native to Africa. This genus of blue-backed swallows is sometimes called the "barn swallows".

6888: 6796: 3808: 7230: 2582: 1288: 853: 7518: 6961: 6912: 6532: 6484: 6152: 5933: 5236: 3609:

Tryjanowski, Piotr; Jankowiak, Łukasz; Myczko, Łukasz; Mikula, Peter; Łuczak, Andrzej (25 January 2024).

1681:

infections; however, a study in Sweden showed no evidence of the birds being reservoirs of the bacteria.

3056:"Nest-site selection in the barn swallow, Hirundo rustica: What predicts seasonal reproductive success?" 1939: 7126: 6966: 6736: 6721: 6513: 6370: 6137: 5591: 2560: 1878: 816: 324:

There are six subspecies of barn swallow, which breed across the Northern Hemisphere. Two subspecies, (

1636: 7308: 6930: 6917: 6879: 6819: 6746: 6207: 6162: 6142: 4858: 2331: 1598:

availability of nesting sites and subsequent range expansion, including the colonisation of northern

1539: 1447: 914: 581: 2559:. Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town. Archived from 603:

The swallow, though called the chimney-swallow, by no means builds altogether in chimnies [

86: 7488: 7225: 6431: 5958: 5212: 2899:

y registros novedosos de nidificatión en la provincia de San Luis y suroeste de Córdoba, Argentina"

1299:. Males may use deceptive alarm calls to disrupt extrapair copulation attempts toward their mates. 995: 871: 7191: 4454:

Saino, Nicola; Ambrosini, Roberto; Martinelli, Roberta; Ninni, Paola; Møller, Anders Pape (2003).

2371: 1158:

are also preyed upon. When egg-laying, barn swallows hunt in pairs, but otherwise will form often

1122:

also a significant component. However, in Europe, the barn swallow consumes fewer aphids than the

6443: 6117: 6052: 5398: 2336: 1728:("When will I be like the swallow, so that I can stop being silent?") This refers to the myth of 1241: 1230: 525:. In Africa the short tail streamers of the juvenile barn swallow invite confusion with juvenile 7282: 3834: 7152: 6948: 6841: 6786: 6726: 6348: 6132: 6062: 6057: 5948: 5918: 5828: 5823: 5473: 5299: 5207: 3740:"Heterogeneity in stable isotope profiles predicts coexistence of populations of barn swallows 1501: 1394: 846: 337: 306: 7178: 4453: 4142: 1907:"Geographic variation in sexual selection and implications for speciation in the Barn Swallow" 7277: 7269: 6147: 6032: 5803: 5763: 5483: 4938:

Haemig, Paul D.; Hernandez J.; Waldenström J.; Bonnedahl J.; Olsen B (2008). "Barn swallows (

3571: 3345: 2698:

Type Specimens of Birds in the Merseyside County Museums (formerly City of Liverpool Museums)

2344: 1642: 823:, with accession number NML-VZ T2057. The specimen was collected in the Plains of Esdraclon, 181: 7450: 3886:"Song correlates with social context, testosterone and body condition in male barn swallows" 1423: 7290: 6953: 6899: 6704: 6490: 6180: 6082: 5980: 5943: 5871: 5798: 5793: 5743: 5723: 5683: 5678: 5653: 5529: 5393: 4802: 4614: 4228: 4004: 3663: 3622: 3000: 2750: 1249: 832: 828: 704: 7090: 5200: 5192: 2123:

Wilkins, Matthew R.; Odom, Karan J.; Benedict, Lauryn; Safran, Rebecca J. (October 2020).

8: 6741: 6635: 6328: 6230: 6017: 5938: 5928: 5898: 5768: 5511: 5332: 4989: 4296:

Duffin, K. (1973). "Barn Swallows use freshwater and marine algae in nest construction".

3506: 2404: 2276: 1855: 1708: 1614: 1552: 1311: 1304: 1292: 1159: 1123: 1049: 1026: 790: 681: 526: 51: 7113: 6904: 5728: 4918: 4806: 4782: 4618: 4232: 4008: 3658: 3626: 3004: 1979: 1417:) in Eurasia, the cross with the latter being one of the most common passerine hybrids. 6756: 6699: 6072: 6027: 6022: 5569: 4697: 4638: 4568: 4399: 4348: 4244: 4197: 4123: 4020: 3973: 3913: 3776: 3739: 3720: 3024: 2964: 2939: 2828: 2797: 2642: 2613: 2146: 1699: 1517:. Several other species of lice have been described from barn swallow hosts, including 1034: 896: 831:. The specimen came to the Liverpool national collection through the purchase of Canon 824: 677: 265: 81: 4656:

Kopachena JG, Cochran BL, Nichols TB (2007). "The incidence of American swallow bugs (

1564: 1556:

have been recorded to routinely leap out of the water to capture low-flying swallows.

1265:

Males with long streamers also have larger white tail spots, and since feather-eating

7483: 7445: 7367: 7264: 6997: 6668: 6526: 6453: 6358: 6343: 6270: 6077: 5990: 5923: 5596: 5478: 5292: 5090: 5065: 5001: 4994: 4971: 4963: 4892: 4818: 4689: 4681: 4630: 4560: 4552: 4501:

Møller, A P (1991). "Parasites, sexual ornaments and mate choice in the Barn Swallow

4391: 4340: 4332: 4148: 4115: 4107: 4048: 3965: 3905: 3854: 3781: 3763: 3640: 3577: 3548: 3540: 3475: 3418: 3397: 3367: 3298: 3226: 3166: 3075: 3016: 2988: 2969: 2872: 2847: 2764: 2647: 2472: 2424: 2375: 2308: 2282: 2234: 2205: 2174: 2150: 2097: 2090: 2026: 1906: 1527: 1058: 747: 6989: 4701: 4642: 4484: 4366:

Moller, Anders Pape (1984). "Geographical trends in breeding parameters of swallows

4352: 4248: 4201: 4127: 4024: 3977: 3917: 3724: 3455: 3291: 3028: 2940:"Barn swallows before barns: population histories and intercontinental colonization" 2713: 2458: 2408: 875:

breeders winter across tropical Asia from India and Sri Lanka east to Indonesia and

812: 7478: 7372: 7002: 6570: 6544: 6458: 6092: 6087: 5995: 5713: 5673: 5549: 5319: 4955: 4810: 4763: 4673: 4622: 4572: 4544: 4474: 4434: 4383: 4324: 4275: 4236: 4189: 4099: 4012: 3957: 3897: 3884:

GALEOTTI, PAOLO; SAINO, NICOLA; SACCHI, ROBERTO; MØLLER, ANDERS PAPE (April 1997).

3846: 3771: 3755: 3710: 3630: 3530: 3522: 3467: 3434: 3393: 3203:. Dube TradePort Environmental Impact Assessment Information Center. Archived from 3067: 3008: 2959: 2951: 2824: 2793: 2754: 2637: 2629: 2530: 2168: 2136: 1918: 1873: 1757: 1543: 1507: 1390: 1355: 1343: 1143: 1079: 1075: 910: 773:, the nominate European subspecies, breeds in Europe and Asia, as far north as the 755: 7359: 5284: 2141: 2124: 7348: 7321: 7238: 7054: 6976: 6640: 6387: 6379: 5913: 5908: 5738: 5733: 5688: 5264: 5249:

Ageing and sexing (PDF; 2.3 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze

5169:

Smiddy, P (2010). "Post-fledging roosting at the nest in juvenile barn swallows (

4925: 3695:"Segregation in the African wintering grounds of English and Swiss Barn Swallows 2938:

Zink, Robert M; Pavlova, Alexandra; Rohwer, Sievert; Drovetski, Sergei V (2006).

2633: 2259: 940: 932: 514: 7204: 4716: 3850: 3248: 2325: 1585:), which regulates international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants. 30: 7075: 7062: 6607: 6463: 6436: 6308: 6112: 6067: 5903: 5839: 5773: 5718: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5493: 5488: 5221: 3635: 3610: 2459:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 13. A preliminary review of the Hirundinidae" 1717: 1620: 1495:

on their wing and tail feathers. These holes were suggested as being caused by

1371: 739: 4016: 3995:) experience a trade-off between the expression of multiple sexual signals?". 3961: 3715: 3694: 3439: 3012: 2403: 1923: 1693:

about the necessity for more than one piece of evidence goes back at least to

1277:

June and ends the same time as the breeding season of the southernmost birds.

356: 7467: 7173: 6824: 6711: 6625: 6501: 6353: 6293: 6103: 5708: 5626: 4967: 4685: 4634: 4556: 4479: 4395: 4336: 4111: 3969: 3909: 3858: 3767: 3644: 3544: 3079: 3020: 2476: 2428: 2361: 2255: 1864: 1762: 1594: 1578: 1574: 1547: 1532: 1492: 1266: 1063: 800: 782: 774: 763: 609:], but often within barns and out-houses against the rafters ... In 542: 318: 197: 71: 66: 5420: 5140: 4937: 4521: 4416: 4262:

Møller, Anders Pape (1990). "Deceptive use of alarm calls by male swallows,

3885: 3526: 3471: 7041: 6864: 6771: 6584: 6558: 6495: 6397: 6392: 6283: 6253: 6157: 6122: 5953: 5814: 5648: 5384: 5333: 4975: 4859:"'World Cup 2010' development threatens millions of roosting Barn Swallows" 4822: 4693: 4564: 4328: 4279: 4119: 4103: 3901: 3785: 3759: 3552: 3479: 2973: 2955: 2651: 2169:

Mullarney, Killian; Svensson, Lars; Zetterstrom, Dan; Grant, Peter (1999).

1824: 1511:, although other studies suggest that they are mainly caused by species of 1496: 1410: 1402: 1222: 1103: 899:, but is easily distinguished from the North American breeding subspecies, 820: 503: 499: 314: 5118: 4959: 4891:. Translated by Welldon, James Edward Cowell. Buffalo: Prometheus. 1987 . 4626: 4344: 4193: 7406: 7186: 7134: 6873: 6776: 6761: 6751: 6731: 6620: 6313: 6298: 6127: 5985: 5969: 5754: 5637: 5606: 5601: 5560: 5279: 5275: 3748:

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences

1804: 1780: 1733: 1721: 1147: 1139: 1131: 1127: 1111: 1099: 971: 693: 685: 590: 586: 533:), but the latter has a narrower breast band and more white in the tail. 522: 6940: 3327:

roost under attack: timing and risks in the presence of African Hobbies

2409:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 31. Eastern races of the barn swallow 1090: 7398: 7316: 7103: 6716: 6577: 6333: 6248: 5617: 4403: 4240: 4071:

Turner, Angela (January 2009). "Climate change: a Swallow's eye view".

1784:

regular, and one nest was reported to have been occupied for 48 years.

1677: 1488: 1270: 884: 876: 715:

Hartert (NML-VZ T2057) held at World Museum, National Museums Liverpool

661: 487: 7411: 7243: 4814: 4767: 4548: 4439: 4418: 3611:"White stork Ciconia ciconia nests as an attractant to birds and bats" 1706:

The barn swallow symbolises the coming of spring and thus love in the

1052:

it is described as being particularly attracted to burnt or harvested

864:

has a complete broad breast band and deeper red hue to the underparts.

39: 7139: 7023: 6551: 6448: 6275: 6258: 6199: 4456:"Gape coloration reliably reflects immunocompetence of barn swallow ( 3417:

Korczak-Abshire, Małgorzata; Lees, Alexander; Jojczyk, Agata (2001).

3160: 3055: 2784:

Whistler, H (1937). "The breeding Swallow of the Western Himalayas".

2534: 1694: 1655: 1359: 1347: 1053: 332: 302: 225: 138: 98: 16:

Migratory passerine bird, and the most widespread species of swallow

7385: 6835: 4387: 3535: 3071: 2749: 1964:

del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A. (2014). "Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica)".

1030: 945: 913:

in 1864, and named for British soldier, naturalist and photographer

879:. Increasing numbers are wintering in Australia. It hybridises with 815:), an adult female, is held in the vertebrate zoology collection of 7342: 7028: 7015: 6858: 6615: 6288: 6263: 6043: 6006: 5784: 5462: 3504: 1800: 1672:" (Before the twittering swallow hangs its nest from the rafters). 1664: 1513: 1022: 804: 689: 118: 4089: 3390:

The Migration Atlas: Movements of the Birds of Britain and Ireland

970:

analyses show that barn swallows from North America colonised the

593:

in an English-language context is in Gilbert White's popular book

486:

when excited or trying to chase intruders away from the nest. The

6925: 6468: 6412: 6402: 5882: 5580: 5540: 5448: 5370: 5315: 1741: 1690: 1599: 1375: 1296: 1174: 1169: 1071: 1045: 918: 850: 345: 341: 298: 158: 148: 43: 3608: 2895:"Datos sobre la biologia reproductiva de la Golondrina Tijerita 1310:

In North America at least, barn swallows frequently engage in a

558:

H. rectricibus, exceptis duabus intermediis, macula alba notatîs

6323: 5699: 3990: 3832: 3191: 2023:

The Birds of the Western Palearctic concise edition (2 volumes)

1737: 1659: 1624: 1606: 1475: 1379: 1363: 1315: 1281: 1166:

from the nest to be profitable in terms of energy expenditure.

1151: 936: 922: 892: 786: 778: 670: 467: 108: 4781:

O'Brien, G. C.; Jacobs, F.; Evans, S. W.; Smit, N. J. (2014).

3692: 1849: 1847: 7380: 7010: 6473: 6407: 5436: 5358: 4507:

Bird-parasite interactions: Ecology, evolution, and behaviour

2228: 1713: 1582: 1119: 842: 565: 361: 5022:"Hardtack and marlinspikes – life and work aboard ship" 3320: 2092:

Swallows & Martins: An Identification Guide and Handbook

6234: 4861:(Press release). BirdLife International. 16 November 2006. 4417:

Raja-aho, S.; Eeva, T.; Suorsa, P.; Lehikoinen, E. (2017).

1844: 1285: 1155: 128: 4780: 3416: 3192:

Froneman, Albert; Bortle, Jon; Merritt, Ron (April 2007).

2937: 2525:

Vaurie, Charles (1951). "Notes on some Asiatic swallows".

1765:

studied the barn swallow in detail in his pioneering work

1098:

The barn swallow is similar in its habits to other aerial

589:"barn swallow" to 1851, though an earlier instance of the 4678:

10.3376/1081-1710(2007)32[280:TIOASB]2.0.CO;2

3883: 2122: 1590: 1367: 1135: 1115: 1033:, Japan, the barn swallow is a more urban bird, with the 967: 958:

The short wings, red belly and incomplete breast band of

605: 506:. This species is fairly quiet on the wintering grounds. 4314: 3505:

Park, Kirsty; Rosén, Mikael; Hedenström, Anders (2001).

3194:"Draft swallow monitoring and bird aircraft interaction" 1593:

in Israel in the 1950s, competition for nest sites with

5029:

Sailors' tattoos post-visit activity, teachers' handout

4655: 4179: 3225:(2nd ed.). Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing. 3161:

Sinclair, Ian; Hockey, Phil; Tarboton, Warwick (2002).

2944:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

2866: 386:

The adult male barn swallow of the nominate subspecies

3942: 3453: 1853: 1269:

prefer white feathers, large white tail spots without

313:; in northern Europe, it is the only member of family 3744:

differing in morphology and reproductive performance"

2893:

Torres, Cristian & Brandolin, Pablo (June 2020).

2264:(in Latin). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 191. 1905:

Scordato, Elizabeth S.C.; Safran, Rebecca J. (2014).

5059: 4519: 4509:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 328–343. 3361: 2456: 1814: 1102:, including other swallow species and the unrelated 921:

south to northern Mongolia and winters from eastern

785:. It migrates on a broad front to winter in Africa, 5314: 5222:

Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds

5203:

High quality audio recording of a group of swallows

4753: 1048:and ranch land, and in Venezuela, South Africa and 4993: 4837:"World Cup airport 'threatens swallow population'" 4526:and other small passerines are probably caused by 3693:Evans, K. L.; Wadron, S.; Bradbury, R. B. (2003). 3454:Liechti, Felix; Bruderer, Lukas (15 August 2002). 3290: 2407:; Eck, Siegfried; Christopher M. Milensky (2002). 2324: 2089: 2021:Snow, David; Perrins, Christopher M, eds. (1998). 1879:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22712252A137668645.en 1675:Many cattle farmers believed that swallows spread 4520:Vas, Z; Csörgo, T; Møller, A P; Rózsa, L (2008). 2274: 2229:Barlow, Clive; Wacher, Tim; Disley, Tony (1997). 2087: 1940:"The Barn Swallow Is Slowly Conquering the World" 7465: 4047:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 245. 3133: 2611: 2587:EURING Newsletter — Volume 1, November 1996 2231:A Field Guide to birds of The Gambia and Senegal 1670:Ante garrula quam tignis nidum suspendat hirundo 1441:Chicks and eggs in a nest with horse-hair lining 4308: 3936: 3511:) over a wide range of speeds in a wind tunnel" 3410: 2892: 2524: 2367:The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne 1963: 1779:In the past, the tolerance for this beneficial 696:, it looks paler underneath than barn swallow. 5233:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter 4594: 3828: 3826: 3387: 3381: 2871:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 2323: 1904: 1295:. Males guard females actively to avoid being 466: oz). It has steel blue upperparts and a 360:Reported range from observations submitted to 6215: 5300: 5276:Citizen science observations for Barn swallow 5243:BirdLife species' status map for Europe (pdf) 4725:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 4140: 3569: 3257:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 2763:. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. 2501: 2304:Birds of the World: Recommended English Names 2295: 2118: 2116: 2114: 1628:the range might also lead to more offspring. 931:, the North American subspecies described by 777:, south to North Africa, the Middle East and 669:This suggests that the English name may be a 5117:. Estonian Embassy in London. Archived from 3877: 3737: 3731: 3680:Predation strategies in aerial feeding birds 3321:Bijlsma R.G. & van den Brink B. (2005). 3146:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 2745: 2743: 2694: 2452: 2450: 1114:nests as well. In the breeding areas, large 860:, which also has orange-red underparts, but 5089:. London: Aquarian Press. pp. 218–19. 4500: 4147:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 113–114. 3823: 3223:A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago 3094:"BirdLife International Species factsheet: 2931: 2810: 2783: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2020: 1631: 6222: 6208: 5307: 5293: 4882: 4880: 4600: 4359: 4134: 3419:"First documented record of barn swallow ( 3316: 3314: 3246: 2457:Dickinson, Edward C.; René Dekker (2001). 2111: 1531:), which is common on species such as the 1470: 1110:feeding on insects that fly around active 364:shows the migration pattern of the species 224: 60: 29: 6792:Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 5055: 5053: 4851: 4478: 4438: 4291: 4289: 4038: 4036: 4034: 3839:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 3775: 3714: 3671: 3634: 3534: 3438: 3362:Lekagul, Boonsong; Round, Philip (1991). 3284: 3282: 2963: 2740: 2641: 2447: 2224: 2222: 2140: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 1966:Handbook of the Birds of the World: Alive 1922: 1877: 1535:, is also known to infest barn swallows. 1177:actually wintered in two separate areas. 651:Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge 5133: 5111:"The State — Structure and Symbols" 5078: 4829: 4783:"First observation of African tigerfish 4714: 4066: 4064: 3798: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3086: 2867:Stiles, Gary; Skutch, Alexander (2003). 2811:Whistler, H (1940). "The Common Swallow 2502:Stresemann, E (1940). "Welche Rasse von 2356: 2354: 2254: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2157: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 1635: 1563: 1474: 1248: 1240: 1229: 1221: 1089: 1005: 994: 944: 939:to southern Mexico, and migrates to the 718: 703: 355: 5103: 5031:. Maritime Museum of British Columbia. 4877: 4522:"The feather holes on the barn swallow 4447: 3355: 3311: 3220: 3214: 2575: 2541: 1937: 7466: 6229: 5168: 5084: 5050: 4905: 4365: 4295: 4286: 4261: 4214: 4070: 4042: 4031: 3924:from the original on 14 September 2022 3792: 3447: 3288: 3279: 3201:Environmental Impact Assessment Report 3150:from the original on 10 December 2007. 3053: 3035:from the original on 14 September 2022 2986: 2886: 2860: 2841: 2835: 2711: 2705: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2301:See Gill, Frank, and Wright, Minturn, 2219: 2088:Turner, Angela K; Rose, Chris (1989). 1389:The barn swallow has been recorded as 6840: 6839: 6203: 5419: 5331: 5288: 5060:Cocker, Mark; Mabey, Richard (2005). 5038:from the original on 16 February 2008 4847:from the original on 3 December 2007. 4061: 4045:Sexual Selection and the Barn Swallow 3984: 3801:"The EURING Swallow Project in Italy" 3686: 3677: 3576:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 41. 3559:from the original on 9 November 2007. 3180: 3154: 3116: 3104:from the original on 15 December 2008 2760:Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide 2360: 2351: 2199: 2188: 2040: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1307:tends to be larger in North America. 1118:make up around 70% of the diet, with 1041:) replacing it as the rural species. 903:, by the latter's reddish underparts. 813:Vog. pal. Fauna, Heft 6, 1910. p. 802 7081:084cdcdc-fe74-459e-abad-677ba70af827 5147:from the original on 9 November 2007 5014: 4988: 4865:from the original on 4 December 2007 4083: 3498: 3054:Safran, Rebecca Jo (November 2006). 2676:from the original on 1 December 2021 2593:from the original on 3 December 2007 2345:participating institution membership 2268: 1980:"Barn Swallow | Audubon Field Guide" 1900: 1898: 1896: 1833:Swallow migration versus hibernation 982: 835:'s collection by the museum in 1896. 297:) is the most widespread species of 7474:IUCN Red List least concern species 4889:The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle 4607:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 4221:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 4182:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 3997:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 3515:The Journal of Experimental Biology 3486:from the original on 15 August 2009 3460:The Journal of Experimental Biology 2993:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 2987:Safran, Rebecca J. (13 June 2007). 2728:from the original on 1 October 2018 2388: 2317: 2025:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1865:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1568:A reflection flight of barn swallow 680:problems within the genus, but the 613:she builds in barns, and is called 521:) with which its range overlaps in 446: in) and weighs 16–22 g ( 326:H. r. savignii and H. r. transitiva 13: 5220:European Swallow (barn swallow) - 5162: 4948:Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 4717:"Movement of the Eastern Swallow ( 3799:Pilastro, Andrea (December 1998). 3134:Dewey, Tanya; Roth, Chava (2002). 2869:A guide to the Birds of Costa Rica 2829:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1940.tb01671.x 2798:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1937.tb02182.x 2688: 2464:Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 2417:Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 1997: 623: 541:The barn swallow was described by 317:called a "swallow" rather than a " 14: 7530: 5186: 5087:Symbolic and Mythological Animals 4735:from the original on 15 June 2020 4582:from the original on 21 July 2011 4161:from the original on 26 July 2020 4141:Angela Turner (29 January 2010). 3865:from the original on 10 June 2021 3590:from the original on 26 July 2020 3570:Angela Turner (29 January 2010). 3507:"Kinematics of the barn swallow ( 3267:from the original on 26 July 2020 2919:from the original on 23 June 2022 2714:"Type specimens of birds. Part 2" 2483:from the original on 24 July 2011 2435:from the original on 24 July 2011 1893: 6369: 5421:All other swallows and martins ( 4664:) colonies in northeast Texas". 4505:". In Loye, J E; Zuk, M (eds.). 3738:Møller, AP; Hobson, K A (2004). 3659:"Hirundo rustica (Barn swallow)" 3364:A Guide to the Birds of Thailand 2695:R. Wagstaffe (1 December 1978). 1817: 1684: 1458: 1446: 1434: 1422: 1226:Four well-grown chicks in a nest 684:—a resident of West Africa, the 660:Problems playing this file? See 639: 599:, originally published in 1789: 85: 7509:Birds of the Dominican Republic 5193:BirdLife species factsheet for 5064:. London: Chatto & Windus. 4982: 4931: 4774: 4747: 4708: 4649: 4513: 4494: 4410: 4255: 4208: 4173: 3651: 3602: 3563: 3240: 3047: 2980: 2804: 2777: 2658: 2605: 2583:"Bird ringing across the world" 2518: 2495: 2370:. London: T. Bensley. pp. 2248: 1854:BirdLife International (2019). 1768:The Natural History of Selborne 1487:Barn swallows (and other small 1284:is common, making this species 596:The Natural History of Selborne 216: 6521:The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck 4996:The Harper Anthology of Poetry 4721:) ringed at Mootpuzha, Kerala" 3682:(PhD). University of Stirling. 3163:SASOL Birds of Southern Africa 2508:Ornithologischen Monatsbericht 2278:A Latin dictionary for schools 1972: 1957: 1931: 925:east to Thailand and Malaysia. 494:for predators like cats and a 351: 309:Europe, it is just called the 1: 6797:Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust 5854:Southern rough-winged swallow 5849:Northern rough-winged swallow 5338:subfamily: Pseudochelidoninae 5141:"National symbols of Estonia" 2844:The North American Bird Guide 2233:. Robertsbridge: Pica Press. 2142:10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.07.018 1838: 1751: 849:in 1817 and named for French 845:subspecies, was described by 699: 7127:barn-swallow-hirundo-rustica 5272:at VIREO (Drexel University) 5239:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology 5237:Barn Swallow Species Account 5000:. New York: Harper and Row. 4928:. Retrieved 28 November 2007 4043:Møller, Anders Pape (1994). 3388:Wernham, Chris, ed. (2002). 2204:. London: Christopher Helm. 2096:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1726:"Quando fiam uti chelidon ?" 1491:) often have characteristic 1409:) in North America, and the 1138:, are important food items. 1130:. On the wintering grounds, 977: 7: 7514:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 7499:National symbols of Estonia 7494:National symbols of Austria 6533:Jonathan Livingston Seagull 6485:The Conference of the Birds 6153:South African cliff swallow 5934:White-throated blue swallow 5446: 5368: 5201:Audio recording of swallows 4787:predating on barn swallows 3805:Euring Newsletter, Volume 2 3366:. Bangkok: Saha Karn Baet. 3253:Linnaeus roosting on wires" 3060:Canadian Journal of Zoology 1810: 1538:Predatory bats such as the 1217: 809:Chelidon rustica transitiva 536: 10: 7535: 6815:Human–dinosaur coexistence 6514:A History of British Birds 6320:In mythology and religion 6138:Red-throated cliff swallow 5592:Brown-throated sand martin 5270:Barn swallow photo gallery 5254:Feathers of barn swallow ( 4719:Hirundo rustica gutturalis 4266:: a new paternity guard". 3946:Hirundo rustica gutturalis 3636:10.1007/s10336-023-02143-y 3344:(1): 37–48. Archived from 3100:. BirdLife International. 2634:10.1093/gigascience/giy142 2275:Lewis, Charlton T (1888). 1755: 1732:in which she turns into a 1523:Philopterus microsomaticus 1358:intruders such as cats or 1253:Juveniles waiting for food 1085: 817:National Museums Liverpool 635:Recording of barn swallows 7332: 6918:Hirundo_(Hirundo)_rustica 6848: 6820:Category:Birds and humans 6807: 6747:Henry Constantine Richter 6689: 6651: 6421: 6378: 6367: 6241: 6171: 6163:Chestnut-collared swallow 6101: 6041: 6004: 5967: 5880: 5862: 5837: 5812: 5782: 5752: 5697: 5635: 5615: 5578: 5558: 5538: 5520: 5502: 5460: 5445: 5434: 5430: 5415: 5382: 5367: 5356: 5352: 5327: 5263:24 September 2015 at the 5143:. The Estonia Institute. 4017:10.1007/s00265-003-0642-z 3962:10.1007/s10336-018-1555-y 3851:10.1093/biolinnean/bly012 3716:10.1080/00063650309461322 3699:: a stable isotope study" 3440:10.2478/v10183-011-0021-9 3221:ffrench, Richard (1991). 3013:10.1007/s00265-007-0366-6 2612:Formenti, Giulio (2018). 2527:American Museum Novitates 2332:Oxford English Dictionary 2281:. Harper & Brothers. 2173:. London: HarperCollins. 1924:10.1186/s40657-014-0008-4 1872:: e.T22712252A137668645. 1559: 1540:greater false vampire bat 1291:, despite being socially 1070:distant areas as Hawaii, 915:Robert Christopher Tytler 854:Marie Jules César Savigny 582:Oxford English Dictionary 271: 264: 232: 223: 213: 208: 187: 180: 82:Scientific classification 80: 58: 49: 37: 28: 23: 7334:Hirundo rustica savignii 6432:Bird-and-flower painting 5959:Black-and-rufous swallow 5213:Internet Bird Collection 4843:. UK. 16 November 2006. 4419:"Juvenile Barn Swallows 3678:Waugh, David R. (1978). 2200:Hilty, Steven L (2003). 1632:Relationship with humans 1611:an international airport 1399:Petrochelidon pyrrhonota 872:Giovanni Antonio Scopoli 7504:Birds described in 1758 6118:Streak-throated swallow 6053:Greater striped swallow 5423:subfamily: Hirundininae 5399:White-eyed river martin 4795:Journal of Fish Biology 4537:Journal of Parasitology 3527:10.1242/jeb.204.15.2741 3472:10.1242/jeb.205.16.2461 3289:Burton, Robert (1985). 2813:Hirundo rustica rustica 2616:Hirundo rustica rustica 2337:Oxford University Press 1968:. Spain: Lynx Edicions. 1550:. In Africa, tigerfish 1471:Parasites and predators 1245:Juvenile bird in Sussex 1201:and the North American 1191: 1082:, and even Antarctica. 952:in Washington State, US 827:on 16 December 1863 by 6787:BirdLife International 6727:John Gerrard Keulemans 6679:of the Tower of London 6540:In theatre and ballet 6349:Driven grouse shooting 6143:Preuss's cliff swallow 6133:American cliff swallow 6063:Rufous-chested swallow 6058:Lesser striped swallow 5949:Pearl-breasted swallow 5919:White-throated swallow 5829:Black-collared swallow 5824:Blue-and-white swallow 5474:Square-tailed saw-wing 4756:Ornithological Science 4480:10.1093/beheco/14.1.16 4329:10.1006/anbe.1998.0938 4104:10.1006/anbe.1999.1249 3950:Journal of Ornithology 3902:10.1006/anbe.1996.0304 3760:10.1098/rspb.2003.2565 3615:Journal of Ornithology 2956:10.1098/rspb.2005.3414 2842:Sibley, David (2000). 2718:NNM Technical Bulletin 1787:It is depicted as the 1647: 1569: 1502:Machaerilaemus malleus 1484: 1483:lice on a tail feather 1354:The barn swallow will 1254: 1246: 1238: 1227: 1095: 1018: 1003: 953: 731: 716: 628: 619: 383: 369: Year-round range 7278:Paleobiology Database 6148:Red Sea cliff swallow 6033:Siberian house martin 5804:White-thighed swallow 5764:Brown-bellied swallow 5484:White-headed saw-wing 4960:10.1089/vbz.2007.0233 4924:26 April 2021 at the 4919:Text Book IV line 307 4887:"Book 1, chapter 6". 4627:10.1007/s002650050581 4194:10.1007/s002650050395 3427:Polish Polar Research 3165:. Cape Town: Struik. 2712:Dekker, René (2003). 1938:Kaufman, Ken (2017). 1756:Further information: 1643:Nederlandsche Vogelen 1639: 1567: 1478: 1252: 1244: 1233: 1225: 1093: 1016: 998: 948: 909:, first described by 729: 707: 673:on the Swedish term. 649:Song recorded at the 627: 601: 513:species and from the 359: 278:(Boddaert, 1783) 275:Hirundo erythrogaster 7076:Fauna Europaea (new) 6705:The Birds of America 6491:Ode to a Nightingale 6181:White-backed swallow 6083:West African swallow 5981:Eurasian crag martin 5944:White-tailed swallow 5872:Tawny-headed swallow 5799:Black-capped swallow 5794:White-banded swallow 5744:Brown-chested martin 5724:Grey-breasted martin 5684:White-rumped swallow 5679:White-winged swallow 5654:Violet-green swallow 5530:White-backed swallow 5394:African river martin 5208:"Barn swallow media" 4990:Nims, John Frederick 4942:) test negative for 4715:Sugathan, R (1988). 4280:10.1093/beheco/1.1.1 3664:Animal Diversity Web 3144:Animal Diversity Web 2751:Rasmussen, Pamela C. 2666:"Vertebrate Zoology" 2506:bretet in Sikkim?". 2405:Dickinson, Edward C. 1453:Older chicks in nest 1382:in Eurasia is rare. 1378:in North America or 1203:H. r. erythrogaster. 1134:, especially flying 833:Henry Baker Tristram 829:Henry Baker Tristram 617:, the barn-swallow. 568:word for "swallow"; 556:, characterised as " 6742:Roger Tory Peterson 6018:Common house martin 5939:Pied-winged swallow 5929:Wire-tailed swallow 5899:Red-chested swallow 5769:Pale-footed swallow 5512:Grey-rumped swallow 5121:on 15 November 2007 5085:Cooper, JC (1992). 4807:2014JFBio..84..263O 4785:Hydrocynus vittatus 4660:) in barn swallow ( 4619:1999BEcoS..45..430K 4233:1985BEcoS..17..401M 4009:2003BEcoS..54..465S 3754:(1546): 1355–1362. 3627:2024JOrni.165..551T 3423:) in the Antarctic" 3351:on 31 October 2008. 3297:. London: Granada. 3247:George, PV (1965). 3005:2007BEcoS..61.1359S 2950:(1591): 1245–1251. 2335:(Online ed.). 1716:poem. In his poem " 1709:Pervigilium Veneris 1615:2010 FIFA World Cup 1553:Hydrocynus vittatus 1050:Trinidad and Tobago 964:H. r. erythrogaster 950:H. r. erythrogaster 929:H. r. erythrogaster 901:H. r. erythrogaster 791:Indian subcontinent 682:red-chested swallow 527:red-chested swallow 52:Conservation status 7519:Cosmopolitan birds 6757:Archibald Thorburn 6700:John James Audubon 6073:Red-rumped swallow 6028:Nepal house martin 6023:Asian house martin 4467:Behavioral Ecology 4376:Ornis Scandinavica 4370:and house martins 4268:Behavioral Ecology 4241:10.1007/BF00293220 3811:on 3 December 2007 2549:"European Swallow 2307:(Princeton 2006), 2202:Birds of Venezuela 2171:Collins Bird Guide 1700:Nicomachean Ethics 1648: 1570: 1519:Brueelia domestica 1485: 1465:Juvenile being fed 1314:relationship with 1255: 1247: 1239: 1228: 1096: 1094:Chicks in the nest 1035:red-rumped swallow 1019: 1004: 962:are also found in 954: 781:, and east to the 732: 717: 629: 585:dates the English 390:is 17–19 cm ( 384: 381: Winter range 375: Summer range 259: Non-breeding 7461: 7460: 7446:Open Tree of Life 7265:Open Tree of Life 6842:Taxon identifiers 6833: 6832: 6768:Conservationists 6737:Richard Lewington 6527:The Ugly Duckling 6344:Cormorant fishing 6271:Bird conservation 6197: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6189: 6188: 6078:Sri Lanka swallow 5991:Dusky crag martin 5924:Ethiopian swallow 5597:Congo sand martin 5479:Mountain saw-wing 5456: 5455: 5411: 5410: 5407: 5406: 5378: 5377: 5096:978-1-85538-118-6 5071:978-0-7011-6907-7 5007:978-0-06-044846-2 4898:978-0-87975-378-8 4815:10.1111/jfb.12278 4768:10.2326/osj.5.211 4658:Oeciacus vicarius 4549:10.1645/GE-1542.1 4440:10.1111/ibi.12492 4154:978-1-4081-2821-3 4054:978-0-19-854028-1 3583:978-1-4081-2821-3 3521:(15): 2741–2750. 3466:(16): 2461–2467. 3403:978-0-7136-6514-7 3394:T & AD Poyser 3373:978-974-85673-6-5 3304:978-0-246-12440-1 3232:978-0-8014-9792-6 3172:978-1-86872-721-6 3066:(11): 1533–1539. 2878:978-0-8014-2287-4 2853:978-1-873403-98-3 2770:978-84-87334-67-2 2381:978-0-905418-96-4 2343:(Subscription or 2313:978-0-691-12827-6 2288:978-0-19-910204-4 2256:Linnaeus, Carolus 2240:978-1-873403-32-7 2211:978-0-7136-6418-8 2180:978-0-00-219728-1 2103:978-0-395-51174-9 2032:978-0-19-854099-1 1736:, and her sister 1528:Oeciacus vicarius 1479:Feeding trace of 1237:fledgling begging 1014: 983:Habitat and range 799:was described by 748:Benedykt Dybowski 727: 644: 285: 284: 75: 7526: 7454: 7453: 7441: 7440: 7428: 7427: 7415: 7414: 7402: 7401: 7389: 7388: 7376: 7375: 7363: 7362: 7353: 7352: 7351: 7325: 7324: 7312: 7311: 7299: 7298: 7286: 7285: 7273: 7272: 7260: 7259: 7247: 7246: 7234: 7233: 7221: 7220: 7208: 7207: 7205:NHMSYS0000530406 7195: 7194: 7182: 7181: 7169: 7168: 7156: 7155: 7143: 7142: 7130: 7129: 7117: 7116: 7107: 7106: 7094: 7093: 7084: 7083: 7071: 7070: 7058: 7057: 7045: 7044: 7032: 7031: 7019: 7018: 7006: 7005: 6993: 6992: 6980: 6979: 6970: 6969: 6957: 6956: 6944: 6943: 6934: 6933: 6931:58C502EA7AF3E023 6921: 6920: 6908: 6907: 6895: 6894: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6837: 6836: 6373: 6224: 6217: 6210: 6201: 6200: 6093:Striated swallow 6088:Striated swallow 5996:Pale crag martin 5729:Galápagos martin 5714:Caribbean martin 5674:Mangrove swallow 5550:Mascarene martin 5443: 5442: 5432: 5431: 5417: 5416: 5365: 5364: 5354: 5353: 5329: 5328: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5286: 5285: 5217: 5182: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5062:Birds Britannica 5057: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5037: 5026: 5018: 5012: 5011: 4999: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4935: 4929: 4913: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4884: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4751: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4581: 4543:(6): 1438–1440. 4534: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4490:on 11 July 2011. 4489: 4483:. Archived from 4482: 4464: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4323:(6): 1435–1442. 4317:Animal Behaviour 4312: 4306: 4305: 4293: 4284: 4283: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4144:The Barn Swallow 4138: 4132: 4131: 4098:(6): 1201–1205. 4092:Animal Behaviour 4087: 4081: 4080: 4068: 4059: 4058: 4040: 4029: 4028: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3890:Animal Behaviour 3881: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3830: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3807:. Archived from 3796: 3790: 3789: 3779: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3718: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3638: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3573:The Barn Swallow 3567: 3561: 3560: 3538: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3385: 3379: 3377: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3335: 3323:"A Barn Swallow 3318: 3309: 3308: 3296: 3286: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3244: 3238: 3236: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3210:on 25 June 2008. 3209: 3198: 3189: 3178: 3176: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3131: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3040: 2999:(9): 1359–1368. 2984: 2978: 2977: 2967: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2918: 2903: 2890: 2884: 2882: 2864: 2858: 2857: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2808: 2802: 2801: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2755:John C. Anderton 2747: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2692: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2645: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2568: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2454: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2401: 2386: 2385: 2358: 2349: 2348: 2340: 2328: 2321: 2315: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2252: 2246: 2244: 2226: 2217: 2215: 2197: 2186: 2184: 2166: 2155: 2154: 2144: 2129:Animal Behaviour 2120: 2109: 2107: 2095: 2085: 2038: 2036: 2018: 1995: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1902: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1886: 1881: 1851: 1827: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1758:Birds in culture 1724:quoted the line 1544:peregrine falcon 1508:Myrsidea rustica 1462: 1450: 1438: 1426: 1415:Delichon urbicum 1372:Brood parasitism 1341: 1340: 1336: 1332: in × 1331: 1330: 1326: 1260:H. r. gutturalis 1080:Falkland Islands 1076:Tristan da Cunha 1039:Cecropis daurica 1015: 891:is a vagrant to 889:H. r. gutturalis 868:H. r. gutturalis 797:H. r. transitiva 756:Erwin Stresemann 728: 710:Chelidon rustica 646: 645: 626: 547:10th edition of 490:include a sharp 465: 464: 460: 455: 454: 450: 445: 444: 440: 437: 431: 430: 426: 423: 417: 416: 412: 409: 403: 402: 398: 395: 380: 374: 368: 279: 258: 252: 246: 240: 228: 193: 90: 89: 69: 64: 63: 33: 21: 20: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7524: 7523: 7489:Holarctic birds 7464: 7463: 7462: 7457: 7449: 7444: 7436: 7431: 7423: 7418: 7410: 7405: 7397: 7392: 7384: 7379: 7371: 7366: 7358: 7356: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7328: 7322:Hirundo-rustica 7320: 7315: 7307: 7302: 7294: 7289: 7281: 7276: 7268: 7263: 7255: 7250: 7242: 7239:Observation.org 7237: 7229: 7224: 7216: 7211: 7203: 7198: 7190: 7185: 7177: 7172: 7164: 7159: 7151: 7146: 7138: 7133: 7125: 7120: 7112: 7110: 7102: 7097: 7089: 7087: 7079: 7074: 7066: 7061: 7053: 7048: 7040: 7035: 7027: 7022: 7014: 7009: 7001: 6996: 6988: 6983: 6975: 6973: 6965: 6960: 6952: 6947: 6939: 6937: 6929: 6924: 6916: 6911: 6905:Hirundo_rustica 6903: 6898: 6892: 6887: 6880:Hirundo rustica 6878: 6877: 6872: 6863: 6862: 6857: 6850:Hirundo rustica 6844: 6834: 6829: 6803: 6685: 6647: 6417: 6374: 6365: 6237: 6228: 6198: 6185: 6167: 6097: 6037: 6011:(house martins) 6010: 6000: 5973: 5963: 5914:Welcome swallow 5909:Pacific swallow 5887:(barn swallows) 5886: 5876: 5858: 5833: 5808: 5778: 5748: 5739:Southern martin 5734:Peruvian martin 5693: 5689:Chilean swallow 5642:(tree swallows) 5641: 5631: 5611: 5584: 5574: 5570:Brazza's martin 5554: 5534: 5516: 5498: 5466: 5452: 5426: 5403: 5374: 5348: 5323: 5322:: Hirundinidae) 5313: 5265:Wayback Machine 5256:Hirundo rustica 5230:Hirundo rustica 5228:Barn swallow - 5206: 5195:Hirundo rustica 5189: 5171:Hirundo rustica 5165: 5163:Further reading 5160: 5150: 5148: 5139: 5138: 5134: 5124: 5122: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5083: 5079: 5072: 5058: 5051: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5015: 5008: 4987: 4983: 4940:Hirundo rustica 4936: 4932: 4926:Wayback Machine 4911: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4886: 4885: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4857: 4856: 4852: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4789:Hirundo rustica 4779: 4775: 4752: 4748: 4738: 4736: 4713: 4709: 4662:Hirundo rustica 4654: 4650: 4603:Hirundo rustica 4599: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4532: 4524:Hirundo rustica 4518: 4514: 4503:Hirundo rustica 4499: 4495: 4487: 4462: 4458:Hirundo rustica 4452: 4448: 4421:Hirundo rustica 4415: 4411: 4388:10.2307/3676002 4372:Delichon urbica 4368:Hirundo rustica 4364: 4360: 4313: 4309: 4294: 4287: 4264:Hirundo rustica 4260: 4256: 4217:Hirundo rustica 4213: 4209: 4178: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4155: 4139: 4135: 4088: 4084: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4041: 4032: 3993:Hirundo rustica 3989: 3985: 3941: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3882: 3878: 3868: 3866: 3831: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3797: 3793: 3742:Hirundo rustica 3736: 3732: 3697:Hirundo rustica 3691: 3687: 3676: 3672: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3607: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3584: 3568: 3564: 3509:Hirundo rustica 3503: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3452: 3448: 3421:Hirundo rustica 3415: 3411: 3404: 3396:. p. 462. 3386: 3382: 3374: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3333: 3325:Hirundo rustica 3319: 3312: 3305: 3287: 3280: 3270: 3268: 3251:Hirundo rustica 3245: 3241: 3233: 3219: 3215: 3207: 3196: 3190: 3181: 3173: 3159: 3155: 3138:Hirundo rustica 3132: 3117: 3107: 3105: 3096:Hirundo rustica 3092: 3091: 3087: 3072:10.1139/z06-176 3052: 3048: 3038: 3036: 2985: 2981: 2936: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2901: 2897:Hirundo rustica 2891: 2887: 2879: 2865: 2861: 2854: 2840: 2836: 2809: 2805: 2782: 2778: 2771: 2748: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2710: 2706: 2693: 2689: 2679: 2677: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2610: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2566: 2564: 2563:on 2 April 2016 2557:SAFRING results 2551:Hirundo rustica 2547: 2546: 2542: 2523: 2519: 2504:Hirundo rustica 2500: 2496: 2486: 2484: 2455: 2448: 2438: 2436: 2413:Linnaeus, 1758" 2411:Hirundo rustica 2402: 2389: 2382: 2359: 2352: 2342: 2322: 2318: 2300: 2296: 2289: 2273: 2269: 2253: 2249: 2241: 2227: 2220: 2212: 2198: 2189: 2181: 2167: 2158: 2121: 2112: 2104: 2086: 2041: 2033: 2019: 1998: 1988: 1986: 1984:www.audubon.org 1978: 1977: 1973: 1962: 1958: 1948: 1946: 1936: 1932: 1903: 1894: 1884: 1882: 1858:Hirundo rustica 1852: 1845: 1841: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1760: 1754: 1687: 1634: 1562: 1473: 1466: 1463: 1454: 1451: 1442: 1439: 1430: 1427: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1220: 1194: 1088: 1064:African hobbies 1006: 985: 980: 941:Lesser Antilles 933:Pieter Boddaert 870:, described by 856:. It resembles 841:, the resident 719: 702: 667: 666: 658: 656: 655: 654: 653: 647: 640: 637: 630: 624: 554:Hirundo rustica 549:Systema Naturae 539: 519:Hirundo neoxena 515:welcome swallow 462: 458: 457: 452: 448: 447: 442: 438: 435: 433: 428: 424: 421: 419: 414: 410: 407: 405: 400: 396: 393: 391: 382: 378: 376: 372: 370: 366: 354: 294:Hirundo rustica 277: 260: 256: 254: 250: 248: 244: 242: 238: 204: 195: 191:Hirundo rustica 189: 176: 173:H. rustica 84: 76: 65: 61: 54: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7532: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7442: 7429: 7416: 7403: 7390: 7377: 7364: 7354: 7338: 7336: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7326: 7313: 7300: 7287: 7274: 7261: 7248: 7235: 7222: 7209: 7196: 7183: 7170: 7157: 7144: 7131: 7118: 7108: 7095: 7085: 7072: 7063:Fauna Europaea 7059: 7046: 7033: 7020: 7007: 6994: 6981: 6971: 6958: 6945: 6935: 6922: 6909: 6896: 6885: 6870: 6854: 6852: 6846: 6845: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6783:Organisations 6781: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6681: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6643: 6638: 6630: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6610: 6605: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6591:Animated films 6588: 6581: 6574: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6555: 6548: 6538: 6537: 6536: 6529: 6524: 6517: 6507: 6506: 6505: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6464:Gallic rooster 6461: 6456: 6451: 6441: 6440: 6439: 6437:Feather tights 6434: 6425: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6384: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6338: 6337: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6318: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6309:Model organism 6303: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6251: 6245: 6243: 6239: 6238: 6227: 6226: 6219: 6212: 6204: 6195: 6194: 6191: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6177: 6175: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6113:Forest swallow 6109: 6107: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6068:Mosque swallow 6065: 6060: 6055: 6049: 6047: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6014: 6012: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5977: 5975: 5974:(crag martins) 5965: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5904:Angola swallow 5901: 5896: 5890: 5888: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5868: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5845: 5843: 5840:Stelgidopteryx 5835: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5820: 5818: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5790: 5788: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5774:Andean swallow 5771: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5719:Sinaloa martin 5716: 5711: 5705: 5703: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5669:Tumbes swallow 5666: 5664:Bahama swallow 5661: 5659:Golden swallow 5656: 5651: 5645: 5643: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5629: 5623: 5621: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5588: 5586: 5585:(sand martins) 5576: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5566: 5564: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5552: 5546: 5544: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5508: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5494:Fanti saw-wing 5491: 5489:Black saw-wing 5486: 5481: 5476: 5470: 5468: 5458: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5440: 5428: 5427: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5390: 5388: 5385:Pseudochelidon 5380: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5362: 5350: 5349: 5344:Pseudochelidon 5325: 5324: 5312: 5311: 5304: 5297: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5273: 5267: 5251: 5246: 5240: 5234: 5225: 5218: 5204: 5198: 5188: 5187:External links 5185: 5184: 5183: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5158: 5132: 5102: 5095: 5077: 5070: 5049: 5013: 5006: 4981: 4954:(4): 451–454. 4930: 4904: 4897: 4876: 4850: 4828: 4801:(1): 263–266. 4773: 4762:(2): 211–216. 4746: 4731:(2): 428–429. 4707: 4672:(2): 280–284. 4666:J. Vector Ecol 4648: 4613:(6): 430–436. 4593: 4512: 4493: 4446: 4433:(4): 892–901. 4409: 4358: 4307: 4285: 4254: 4227:(4): 401–408. 4207: 4188:(5): 353–360. 4172: 4153: 4133: 4082: 4060: 4053: 4030: 4003:(5): 465–471. 3983: 3956:(3): 675–685. 3935: 3896:(4): 687–700. 3876: 3845:(4): 825–849. 3822: 3791: 3730: 3709:(3): 294–299. 3685: 3670: 3650: 3621:(2): 551–555. 3601: 3582: 3562: 3497: 3446: 3433:(4): 355–360. 3409: 3402: 3380: 3372: 3354: 3310: 3303: 3293:Bird behaviour 3278: 3239: 3231: 3213: 3179: 3171: 3153: 3115: 3085: 3046: 2979: 2930: 2908:(in Spanish). 2885: 2877: 2859: 2852: 2846:. Pica Press. 2834: 2803: 2792:(2): 413–415. 2776: 2769: 2739: 2704: 2687: 2657: 2604: 2574: 2540: 2529:(1529): 1–47. 2517: 2494: 2446: 2387: 2380: 2362:White, Gilbert 2350: 2316: 2294: 2287: 2267: 2247: 2239: 2218: 2210: 2187: 2179: 2156: 2110: 2102: 2039: 2031: 1996: 1971: 1956: 1930: 1911:Avian Research 1892: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1835: 1829: 1828: 1812: 1809: 1805:ornithologists 1773:swallow tattoo 1753: 1750: 1718:The Waste Land 1686: 1683: 1633: 1630: 1621:Climate change 1595:house sparrows 1561: 1558: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1467: 1464: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1421: 1219: 1216: 1193: 1190: 1087: 1084: 1029:. However, in 1017:In slow motion 984: 981: 979: 976: 956: 955: 926: 904: 865: 847:James Stephens 839:H. r. savignii 836: 794: 740:Robert Ridgway 701: 698: 676:There are few 657: 648: 638: 633: 632: 631: 622: 621: 620: 538: 535: 531:Hirundo lucida 377: 371: 365: 353: 350: 283: 282: 281: 280: 269: 268: 262: 261: 255: 249: 247: Resident 243: 241: Breeding 237: 230: 229: 221: 220: 211: 210: 206: 205: 196: 185: 184: 178: 177: 170: 168: 164: 163: 156: 152: 151: 146: 142: 141: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 106: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 78: 77: 59: 56: 55: 50: 47: 46: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7531: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7452: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7355: 7350: 7344: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7331: 7323: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7266: 7262: 7258: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7109: 7105: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088:Featherbase: 7086: 7082: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7025: 7021: 7017: 7012: 7008: 7004: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6972: 6968: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6936: 6932: 6927: 6923: 6919: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6901: 6897: 6890: 6886: 6881: 6875: 6871: 6866: 6860: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6838: 6826: 6825:Zoomusicology 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6806: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6712:Thomas Bewick 6710: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6696:Illustrators 6695: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6642: 6641:Chicken dance 6639: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6627: 6626:Feather cloak 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6596:Chicken films 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6586: 6582: 6580: 6579: 6575: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6561: 6560: 6556: 6554: 6553: 6549: 6547: 6546: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6522: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6504: 6503: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6372: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6354:Plume hunting 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6294:Pigeon racing 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6225: 6220: 6218: 6213: 6211: 6206: 6205: 6202: 6182: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6105: 6104:Petrochelidon 6100: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6045: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6009: 6008: 6003: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5966: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5864:Alopochelidon 5861: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5709:Purple martin 5707: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5628: 5627:Banded martin 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5619: 5614: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5562: 5557: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5537: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5519: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5464: 5463:Psalidoprocne 5459: 5451: 5450: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5424: 5418: 5414: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5386: 5381: 5373: 5372: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5346: 5345: 5339: 5335: 5334:River martins 5330: 5326: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5305: 5303: 5298: 5296: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5190: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5166: 5146: 5142: 5136: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5098: 5092: 5088: 5081: 5073: 5067: 5063: 5056: 5054: 5034: 5030: 5023: 5017: 5009: 5003: 4998: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4934: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4908: 4900: 4894: 4890: 4883: 4881: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4832: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4777: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4750: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4720: 4711: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4597: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4531: 4529: 4525: 4516: 4508: 4504: 4497: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4461: 4459: 4450: 4441: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4422: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4303: 4299: 4292: 4290: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4258: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4176: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4137: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4078: 4074: 4073:British Birds 4067: 4065: 4056: 4050: 4046: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3939: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3880: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3829: 3827: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3795: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3743: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3698: 3689: 3681: 3674: 3666: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3605: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3575: 3574: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3510: 3501: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3450: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3422: 3413: 3405: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3384: 3375: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3332: 3330: 3329:Falco cuvieri 3326: 3317: 3315: 3306: 3300: 3295: 3294: 3285: 3283: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3252: 3243: 3234: 3228: 3224: 3217: 3206: 3202: 3195: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3174: 3168: 3164: 3157: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3139: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3103: 3099: 3097: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3050: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2983: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2934: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2900: 2898: 2889: 2880: 2874: 2870: 2863: 2855: 2849: 2845: 2838: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2807: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2780: 2772: 2766: 2762: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2746: 2744: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2708: 2700: 2699: 2691: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2661: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2617: 2608: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2552: 2544: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2521: 2513: 2510:(in German). 2509: 2505: 2498: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2460: 2453: 2451: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2383: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2357: 2355: 2346: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2327: 2320: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2298: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2271: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2251: 2242: 2236: 2232: 2225: 2223: 2213: 2207: 2203: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2182: 2176: 2172: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2105: 2099: 2094: 2093: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2034: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1967: 1960: 1945: 1941: 1934: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1880: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1859: 1850: 1848: 1843: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1826: 1815: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1782: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1763:Gilbert White 1759: 1749: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1710: 1704: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1692: 1685:In literature 1682: 1680: 1679: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1652: 1645: 1644: 1638: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1603: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1579:IUCN Red List 1576: 1575:least concern 1566: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1548:African hobby 1545: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1533:cliff swallow 1530: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1510: 1509: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1494: 1493:feather holes 1490: 1482: 1477: 1461: 1456: 1449: 1444: 1437: 1432: 1425: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1395:cliff swallow 1392: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1251: 1243: 1236: 1235:H. r. rustica 1232: 1224: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1208:H. r. tytleri 1204: 1200: 1199:H. r. rustica 1189: 1186: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1092: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1074:, Greenland, 1073: 1067: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1001: 1000:H. r. rustica 997: 993: 989: 975: 973: 969: 965: 961: 960:H. r. tytleri 951: 947: 942: 938: 934: 930: 927: 924: 920: 916: 912: 911:Thomas Jerdon 908: 907:H. r. tytleri 905: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 881:H. r. tytleri 878: 873: 869: 866: 863: 859: 855: 852: 848: 844: 840: 837: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 801:Ernst Hartert 798: 795: 792: 788: 784: 783:Yenisei River 780: 776: 775:Arctic Circle 772: 771:H. r. rustica 769: 768: 767: 765: 764:Wilhelm Meise 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 714: 711: 706: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 674: 672: 665: 663: 652: 636: 618: 616: 612: 608: 607: 600: 598: 597: 592: 588: 584: 583: 577: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 550: 544: 543:Carl Linnaeus 534: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 507: 505: 501: 500:birds of prey 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 472: 469: 389: 388:H. r. rustica 363: 358: 349: 347: 343: 339: 338:national bird 334: 329: 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 295: 290: 276: 273: 272: 270: 267: 263: 253: Passage 236: 231: 227: 222: 219: 218: 212: 207: 203: 199: 194: 192: 186: 183: 182:Binomial name 179: 175: 174: 169: 166: 165: 162: 161: 157: 154: 153: 150: 147: 144: 143: 140: 139:Passeriformes 137: 134: 133: 130: 127: 124: 123: 120: 117: 114: 113: 110: 107: 104: 103: 100: 97: 94: 93: 88: 83: 79: 73: 68: 67:Least Concern 57: 53: 48: 45: 41: 36: 32: 27: 24:Barn swallow 22: 19: 7333: 7257:barn-swallow 7114:barn-swallow 6849: 6772:Niels Krabbe 6722:Lars Jonsson 6703: 6659:Golden eagle 6601:Horror films 6585:The Big Year 6583: 6576: 6569: 6559:The Firebird 6557: 6550: 6543: 6531: 6519: 6512: 6500: 6496:To a Skylark 6483: 6284:Cockfighting 6254:Birdwatching 6172: 6158:Cave swallow 6123:Fairy martin 6102: 6042: 6005: 5970:Ptyonoprogne 5968: 5954:Blue swallow 5894:Barn swallow 5893: 5881: 5863: 5838: 5815:Pygochelidon 5813: 5783: 5753: 5698: 5649:Tree swallow 5636: 5616: 5579: 5559: 5539: 5521: 5504:Pseudhirundo 5503: 5461: 5447: 5435: 5422: 5383: 5369: 5357: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5255: 5229: 5211: 5194: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5149:. Retrieved 5135: 5123:. Retrieved 5119:the original 5114: 5105: 5086: 5080: 5061: 5040:. Retrieved 5028: 5016: 4995: 4984: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4933: 4916:The Georgics 4915: 4907: 4888: 4867:. Retrieved 4853: 4841:The Guardian 4840: 4831: 4798: 4794: 4788: 4784: 4776: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4737:. Retrieved 4728: 4724: 4718: 4710: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4651: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4596: 4584:. Retrieved 4540: 4536: 4527: 4523: 4515: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4485:the original 4473:(1): 16–22. 4470: 4466: 4460:) nestlings" 4457: 4449: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4412: 4382:(1): 43–54. 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4361: 4320: 4316: 4310: 4301: 4297: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4210: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4163:. Retrieved 4143: 4136: 4095: 4091: 4085: 4076: 4072: 4044: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3986: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3938: 3926:. Retrieved 3893: 3889: 3879: 3867:. Retrieved 3842: 3838: 3813:. Retrieved 3809:the original 3804: 3794: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3733: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3688: 3679: 3673: 3662: 3653: 3618: 3614: 3604: 3592:. Retrieved 3572: 3565: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3500: 3488:. Retrieved 3463: 3459: 3449: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3412: 3389: 3383: 3363: 3357: 3346:the original 3341: 3337: 3328: 3324: 3292: 3269:. Retrieved 3260: 3256: 3250: 3242: 3222: 3216: 3205:the original 3200: 3162: 3156: 3143: 3137: 3106:. Retrieved 3095: 3088: 3063: 3059: 3049: 3037:. Retrieved 2996: 2992: 2982: 2947: 2943: 2933: 2921:. Retrieved 2909: 2905: 2896: 2888: 2868: 2862: 2843: 2837: 2820: 2816: 2815:in Ceylon". 2812: 2806: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2759: 2730:. Retrieved 2721: 2717: 2707: 2697: 2690: 2678:. Retrieved 2670:www.gbif.org 2669: 2660: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2607: 2595:. Retrieved 2586: 2577: 2565:. Retrieved 2561:the original 2556: 2550: 2543: 2526: 2520: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2497: 2485:. Retrieved 2468: 2462: 2437:. Retrieved 2420: 2416: 2410: 2366: 2330: 2319: 2302: 2297: 2277: 2270: 2260: 2250: 2230: 2201: 2170: 2132: 2128: 2091: 2022: 1987:. Retrieved 1983: 1974: 1965: 1959: 1947:. Retrieved 1943: 1933: 1914: 1910: 1883:. Retrieved 1869: 1863: 1857: 1825:Birds portal 1796: 1792: 1788: 1786: 1778: 1766: 1761: 1746: 1725: 1707: 1705: 1698: 1688: 1676: 1674: 1669: 1663: 1653: 1649: 1641: 1619: 1604: 1587: 1577:on the 2019 1571: 1551: 1537: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1506: 1500: 1486: 1480: 1429:Eggs hatched 1414: 1411:house martin 1406: 1403:cave swallow 1398: 1388: 1384: 1353: 1320: 1309: 1301: 1279: 1275: 1264: 1259: 1256: 1234: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1168: 1164: 1160:large flocks 1140:Grasshoppers 1128:sand martins 1108: 1100:insectivores 1097: 1068: 1043: 1038: 1027:house martin 1020: 999: 990: 986: 963: 959: 957: 949: 928: 906: 900: 888: 880: 867: 861: 857: 838: 821:World Museum 808: 796: 770: 760:mandschurica 759: 751: 744:kamtschatica 743: 735: 733: 712: 709: 708:Holotype of 675: 668: 659: 614: 610: 604: 602: 594: 580: 578: 573: 569: 561: 557: 553: 548: 545:in his 1758 540: 530: 518: 510: 508: 495: 491: 483: 479: 475: 473: 387: 385: 330: 325: 323: 315:Hirundinidae 310: 293: 292: 289:barn swallow 288: 286: 274: 234: 214: 190: 188: 172: 171: 159: 149:Hirundinidae 18: 7407:iNaturalist 7226:Neotropical 7187:NatureServe 7135:iNaturalist 6874:Wikispecies 6777:Peter Scott 6762:Joseph Wolf 6752:Joseph Smit 6732:Edward Lear 6669:Pigeon/Dove 6636:Cendrawasih 6621:Feather boa 6612:In fashion 6444:In heraldry 6422:In the arts 6359:Wildfowling 6340:In hunting 6329:Sacred ibis 6314:Ornithology 6305:In science 6299:Vinkensport 6128:Tree martin 5986:Rock martin 5755:Orochelidon 5638:Tachycineta 5607:Pale martin 5602:Sand martin 5561:Phedinopsis 5467:(saw-wings) 5280:iNaturalist 5151:27 November 5125:27 November 4869:27 November 4739:23 December 4586:3 September 4298:Wilson Bull 3271:23 December 2923:28 December 2732:24 November 2622:GigaScience 2514:(3): 88–89. 2487:17 November 2471:: 127–144. 2439:24 November 2423:: 201–203. 1885:12 November 1781:insectivore 1734:nightingale 1722:T. S. Eliot 1391:hybridising 1305:Colony size 1286:genetically 1148:dragonflies 1132:Hymenoptera 1112:white stork 686:Congo Basin 591:collocation 587:common name 523:Australasia 496:flitt-flitt 488:alarm calls 484:splee-plink 482:and a loud 352:Description 209:Subspecies 7468:Categories 7317:Xeno-canto 6717:John Gould 6480:In poetry 6454:Crow/Raven 6334:Sky burial 6249:Aviculture 6242:Activities 6173:Cheramoeca 5618:Neophedina 5522:Cheramoeca 5175:Ir. Nat. J 5042:1 December 4944:Salmonella 4912:(in Latin) 4791:in flight" 4530:spp. lice" 4304:: 237–238. 4274:(1): 1–6. 4079:(1): 3–16. 3815:1 December 3703:Bird Study 3263:(1): 160. 3249:"Swallows 3108:6 December 2823:(3): 539. 2680:1 December 2597:1 December 2589:. Euring. 2567:1 December 2347:required.) 2037:p1061–1064 1839:References 1752:In culture 1678:Salmonella 1668:(29 BC), " 1497:avian lice 1489:passerines 1401:) and the 1360:accipiters 1344:incubation 1293:monogamous 1289:polygamous 1282:copulation 897:Washington 885:Amur River 877:New Guinea 858:transitiva 789:, and the 730:Video clip 713:transitiva 700:Subspecies 662:media help 307:Anglophone 303:passerines 235:H. rustica 7349:Q27624529 6632:In dance 6571:The Birds 6552:Swan Lake 6545:The Birds 6509:In prose 6449:Avalerion 6280:In sport 6276:Fletching 6259:Bird hide 6231:Human use 4968:1530-3667 4686:1081-1710 4635:0340-5443 4557:0022-3395 4396:0030-5693 4337:0003-3472 4112:0003-3472 3970:2193-7192 3910:0003-3472 3859:0024-4066 3768:0962-8452 3645:2193-7192 3545:0022-0949 3080:0008-4301 3021:0340-5443 2912:: 61–65. 2535:2246/3915 2477:0024-1652 2429:0024-1652 2151:221472750 2135:: 69–82. 1730:Philomela 1712:, a late 1695:Aristotle 1656:Old World 1393:with the 1348:altricial 1312:mutualist 1297:cuckolded 1267:bird lice 1197:European 1054:sugarcane 1002:juveniles 978:Behaviour 851:zoologist 825:Palestine 811:Hartert ( 750:in 1883, 742:in 1883, 678:taxonomic 615:ladusvala 502:like the 480:witt-witt 233:Range of 167:Species: 105:Kingdom: 99:Eukaryota 7484:Swallows 7343:Wikidata 7192:2.104225 7179:22712252 7153:11035556 6954:22712252 6949:BirdLife 6938:BioLib: 6859:Wikidata 6616:Aigrette 6608:In music 6566:In film 6380:Products 6289:Falconry 6264:Big year 6044:Cecropis 6007:Delichon 5785:Atticora 5316:Swallows 5261:Archived 5181:: 44–46. 5145:Archived 5033:Archived 4992:(1981). 4976:18266565 4922:Archived 4914:Virgil, 4863:Archived 4845:Archived 4823:24354922 4733:Archived 4702:24386134 4694:18260518 4643:22196756 4577:Archived 4565:18576840 4528:Brueelia 4353:12957069 4249:24056440 4202:33591800 4159:Archived 4128:24583746 4120:10600140 4025:35334066 3978:19235964 3922:Archived 3918:54358836 3863:Archived 3786:15306333 3725:82263008 3588:Archived 3557:Archived 3553:11533124 3536:1893/306 3484:Archived 3480:12124369 3265:Archived 3148:Archived 3102:Archived 3033:Archived 3029:24784564 2974:16720398 2914:Archived 2757:(2005). 2726:Archived 2674:Archived 2652:30496513 2591:Archived 2481:Archived 2433:Archived 2364:(1789). 2258:(1758). 2108:p164–169 1989:13 March 1949:12 March 1811:See also 1801:heraldry 1793:merlette 1665:Georgics 1613:for the 1546:and the 1514:Brueelia 1499:such as 1481:Brueelia 1407:P. fulva 1376:cowbirds 1271:parasite 1218:Breeding 1185:en masse 1144:crickets 1023:Caucasus 862:savignii 843:Egyptian 805:holotype 736:saturata 690:Ethiopia 570:rusticus 537:Taxonomy 266:Synonyms 198:Linnaeus 145:Family: 119:Chordata 115:Phylum: 109:Animalia 95:Domain: 72:IUCN 3.1 7479:Hirundo 7399:5846401 7386:barswa6 7360:barswa6 7270:1040135 7104:9515886 7091:rustica 6990:bob9920 6926:Avibase 6808:Related 6664:Penguin 6652:Species 6469:Martlet 6428:In art 6413:Poultry 6403:Feather 6388:Chicken 5883:Hirundo 5581:Riparia 5541:Phedina 5449:Species 5371:Species 5342:genus: 5340:· 5115:Estonia 4803:Bibcode 4615:Bibcode 4573:6713948 4404:3676002 4345:9933540 4229:Bibcode 4165:14 July 4005:Bibcode 3928:10 June 3869:10 June 3777:1691733 3623:Bibcode 3594:14 July 3039:10 June 3001:Bibcode 2965:1560278 2906:Cotinga 2643:6324554 1944:Audubon 1789:martlet 1742:swallow 1740:into a 1691:proverb 1654:In the 1600:Alberta 1380:cuckoos 1364:falcons 1337:⁄ 1327:⁄ 1316:ospreys 1175:Denmark 1170:Isotope 1152:beetles 1086:Feeding 1072:Bermuda 1046:savanna 919:Siberia 883:in the 752:ambigua 574:Hirundo 564:is the 562:Hirundo 511:Hirundo 492:siflitt 461:⁄ 451:⁄ 441:⁄ 427:⁄ 413:⁄ 399:⁄ 346:Estonia 342:Austria 311:swallow 299:swallow 215:6, see 160:Hirundo 155:Genus: 135:Order: 125:Class: 70: ( 44:Germany 40:Tönning 7451:795239 7438:768644 7425:924877 7412:567718 7309:212750 7283:368986 7231:barswa 7166:178448 7111:GNAB: 7050:EURING 7029:HIRURU 7016:barswa 6977:barswa 6893:barswa 6865:Q25429 6690:People 6324:Augury 5700:Progne 5320:family 5093: 5068: 5004: 4974: 4966: 4895: 4821: 4700: 4692: 4684: 4641: 4633: 4571: 4563: 4555: 4402: 4394: 4351: 4343: 4335: 4247: 4200: 4151: 4126: 4118: 4110: 4051: 4023: 3976: 3968: 3916: 3908: 3857: 3784: 3774: 3766: 3723: 3643: 3580: 3551: 3543: 3490:21 May 3478: 3400: 3370: 3301: 3237:p315–6 3229: 3169: 3078: 3027: 3019: 2972: 2962: 2875: 2850: 2767: 2724:: 20. 2650: 2640: 2475: 2427: 2378: 2326:"Barn" 2311: 2285: 2237: 2208: 2177: 2149: 2100: 2029: 1797:merlot 1738:Procne 1660:Virgil 1646:(1770) 1625:Sahara 1607:Durban 1560:Status 1366:, and 1210:song. 1120:aphids 1104:swifts 1078:, the 1031:Honshū 972:Baikal 966:, and 937:Alaska 923:Bengal 893:Alaska 787:Arabia 779:Sikkim 694:flight 688:, and 671:calque 611:Sweden 468:rufous 379: 373: 367: 319:martin 257: 251: 245: 239: 7381:eBird 7373:5HYQV 7357:BOW: 7304:WoRMS 7218:43150 7148:IRMNG 7140:11901 7068:97287 7037:EUNIS 7011:eBird 7003:3M4S7 6974:BOW: 6674:Raven 6474:Turul 6459:Eagle 6408:Guano 6235:birds 5437:Genus 5359:Genus 5036:(PDF) 5025:(PDF) 4698:S2CID 4639:S2CID 4580:(PDF) 4569:S2CID 4533:(PDF) 4488:(PDF) 4463:(PDF) 4400:JSTOR 4349:S2CID 4245:S2CID 4198:S2CID 4124:S2CID 4021:S2CID 3974:S2CID 3914:S2CID 3721:S2CID 3349:(PDF) 3338:Ardea 3334:(PDF) 3208:(PDF) 3197:(PDF) 3025:S2CID 2917:(PDF) 2902:(PDF) 2628:(1). 2374:–68. 2341: 2147:S2CID 1714:Latin 1609:into 1583:CITES 1156:moths 1124:house 1116:flies 1059:roost 566:Latin 504:hobby 362:eBird 7433:NCBI 7420:ITIS 7394:GBIF 7296:8297 7252:ODNR 7213:NCBI 7174:IUCN 7161:ITIS 7099:GBIF 7055:9920 7042:1083 7024:EPPO 6967:9642 6962:BOLD 6941:8834 6502:Crow 6393:Down 5173:)". 5153:2007 5127:2007 5091:ISBN 5066:ISBN 5044:2007 5002:ISBN 4972:PMID 4964:ISSN 4893:ISBN 4871:2007 4819:PMID 4741:2017 4690:PMID 4682:ISSN 4631:ISSN 4605:)". 4588:2009 4561:PMID 4553:ISSN 4427:Ibis 4392:ISSN 4341:PMID 4333:ISSN 4167:2017 4149:ISBN 4116:PMID 4108:ISSN 4049:ISBN 3966:ISSN 3948:)". 3930:2021 3906:ISSN 3871:2021 3855:ISSN 3817:2007 3782:PMID 3764:ISSN 3641:ISSN 3596:2017 3578:ISBN 3549:PMID 3541:ISSN 3492:2009 3476:PMID 3398:ISBN 3378:p234 3368:ISBN 3299:ISBN 3273:2017 3227:ISBN 3177:p294 3167:ISBN 3110:2007 3076:ISSN 3041:2021 3017:ISSN 2970:PMID 2925:2020 2883:p343 2873:ISBN 2848:ISBN 2817:Ibis 2786:Ibis 2765:ISBN 2734:2007 2682:2021 2648:PMID 2599:2007 2569:2007 2489:2007 2473:ISSN 2441:2007 2425:ISSN 2376:ISBN 2309:ISBN 2283:ISBN 2245:p279 2235:ISBN 2216:p691 2206:ISBN 2185:p242 2175:ISBN 2098:ISBN 2027:ISBN 1991:2024 1951:2024 1887:2021 1870:2019 1521:and 1505:and 1368:owls 1192:Song 1154:and 1136:ants 895:and 758:and 579:The 498:for 476:witt 344:and 333:nest 287:The 217:text 202:1758 129:Aves 7368:CoL 7291:TSA 7200:NBN 7122:IBC 6998:CoL 6985:BTO 6913:AFD 6900:ADW 6889:ABA 6578:Kes 6398:Egg 6233:of 5278:at 4956:doi 4946:". 4811:doi 4764:doi 4674:doi 4623:doi 4545:doi 4475:doi 4435:doi 4431:159 4384:doi 4374:". 4325:doi 4276:doi 4237:doi 4219:". 4190:doi 4100:doi 4077:102 4013:doi 3958:doi 3954:159 3898:doi 3847:doi 3843:123 3772:PMC 3756:doi 3752:271 3711:doi 3631:doi 3619:165 3531:hdl 3523:doi 3519:204 3468:doi 3464:205 3435:doi 3068:doi 3009:doi 2960:PMC 2952:doi 2948:273 2825:doi 2794:doi 2638:PMC 2630:doi 2531:hdl 2469:335 2421:340 2372:167 2137:doi 2133:168 1919:doi 1874:doi 1799:in 1795:or 1720:", 1697:'s 1662:'s 1640:In 1591:DDT 1374:by 1356:mob 1126:or 968:DNA 819:at 807:of 762:by 754:by 746:by 738:by 606:sic 560:". 552:as 478:or 340:of 321:". 38:in 7470:: 7448:: 7435:: 7422:: 7409:: 7396:: 7383:: 7370:: 7345:: 7319:: 7306:: 7293:: 7280:: 7267:: 7254:: 7244:65 7241:: 7228:: 7215:: 7202:: 7189:: 7176:: 7163:: 7150:: 7137:: 7124:: 7101:: 7078:: 7065:: 7052:: 7039:: 7026:: 7013:: 7000:: 6987:: 6964:: 6951:: 6928:: 6915:: 6902:: 6891:: 6876:: 6861:: 5210:. 5179:31 5177:. 5113:. 5052:^ 5027:. 4970:. 4962:. 4950:. 4879:^ 4839:. 4817:. 4809:. 4799:84 4797:. 4793:. 4758:. 4729:85 4727:. 4723:. 4696:. 4688:. 4680:. 4670:32 4668:. 4637:. 4629:. 4621:. 4611:45 4609:. 4575:. 4567:. 4559:. 4551:. 4541:94 4539:. 4535:. 4471:14 4469:. 4465:. 4429:. 4425:. 4398:. 4390:. 4380:15 4378:. 4347:. 4339:. 4331:. 4321:56 4319:. 4302:85 4300:. 4288:^ 4270:. 4243:. 4235:. 4225:17 4223:. 4196:. 4186:41 4184:. 4157:. 4122:. 4114:. 4106:. 4096:58 4094:. 4075:. 4063:^ 4033:^ 4019:. 4011:. 4001:54 3999:. 3972:. 3964:. 3952:. 3920:. 3912:. 3904:. 3894:53 3892:. 3888:. 3861:. 3853:. 3841:. 3837:. 3825:^ 3803:. 3780:. 3770:. 3762:. 3750:. 3746:. 3719:. 3707:50 3705:. 3701:. 3661:. 3639:. 3629:. 3617:. 3613:. 3586:. 3555:. 3547:. 3539:. 3529:. 3517:. 3513:. 3482:. 3474:. 3462:. 3458:. 3431:32 3429:. 3425:. 3392:. 3342:93 3340:. 3336:. 3313:^ 3281:^ 3261:62 3259:. 3255:. 3199:. 3182:^ 3142:. 3118:^ 3074:. 3064:84 3062:. 3058:. 3031:. 3023:. 3015:. 3007:. 2997:61 2995:. 2991:. 2968:. 2958:. 2946:. 2942:. 2910:42 2904:. 2821:82 2819:. 2790:79 2788:. 2753:; 2742:^ 2720:. 2716:. 2672:. 2668:. 2646:. 2636:. 2624:. 2620:. 2618:)" 2585:. 2555:. 2512:48 2479:. 2467:. 2461:. 2449:^ 2431:. 2419:. 2415:. 2390:^ 2353:^ 2329:. 2221:^ 2190:^ 2159:^ 2145:. 2131:. 2127:. 2113:^ 2042:^ 1999:^ 1982:. 1942:. 1917:. 1913:. 1909:. 1895:^ 1868:. 1862:. 1846:^ 1791:, 1744:. 1602:. 1370:. 1162:. 1150:, 1146:, 1142:, 453:16 434:13 420:12 348:. 200:, 42:, 6708:) 6702:( 6223:e 6216:t 6209:v 5425:) 5347:) 5336:( 5318:( 5308:e 5301:t 5294:v 5258:) 5245:. 5224:. 5216:. 5155:. 5129:. 5099:. 5074:. 5046:. 5010:. 4978:. 4958:: 4952:8 4901:. 4873:. 4825:. 4813:: 4805:: 4770:. 4766:: 4760:5 4743:. 4704:. 4676:: 4645:. 4625:: 4617:: 4590:. 4547:: 4477:: 4443:. 4437:: 4406:. 4386:: 4355:. 4327:: 4282:. 4278:: 4272:1 4251:. 4239:: 4231:: 4204:. 4192:: 4169:. 4130:. 4102:: 4057:. 4027:. 4015:: 4007:: 3980:. 3960:: 3944:( 3932:. 3900:: 3873:. 3849:: 3819:. 3788:. 3758:: 3727:. 3713:: 3667:. 3647:. 3633:: 3625:: 3598:. 3533:: 3525:: 3494:. 3470:: 3443:. 3437:: 3406:. 3376:. 3331:" 3307:. 3275:. 3235:. 3175:. 3140:" 3136:" 3112:. 3098:" 3082:. 3070:: 3043:. 3011:: 3003:: 2976:. 2954:: 2927:. 2881:. 2856:. 2831:. 2827:: 2800:. 2796:: 2773:. 2736:. 2722:6 2701:. 2684:. 2654:. 2632:: 2626:8 2601:. 2571:. 2553:" 2537:. 2533:: 2491:. 2443:. 2384:. 2339:. 2291:. 2243:. 2214:. 2183:. 2153:. 2139:: 2106:. 2035:. 1993:. 1953:. 1927:. 1921:: 1915:5 1889:. 1876:: 1860:" 1856:" 1413:( 1405:( 1397:( 1339:2 1335:1 1329:4 1325:3 1037:( 664:. 529:( 517:( 463:4 459:3 456:– 449:9 443:2 439:1 436:+ 432:– 429:2 425:1 422:+ 415:2 411:1 408:+ 406:7 404:– 401:2 397:1 394:+ 392:6 291:( 74:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index