1033:
balancing regulations in the interest of consumers. All of Antel's
Internet access plans for consumers are either capped or throttled. Capped plans are typically marketed under the brand "flexible". On such plans once a user reaches a data tier (e.g. 5 GB) additional data usage is billed at a rate of approximately $ 5 US/GB. Once a second tier is reached (e.g., 15 GB), Internet services are suspended until the start of the next billing cycle. Throttled plans are typically marketed under the brand "Flat Rate" (for ADSL) and "Vera" (for fiber.) Such plans allow full bandwidth on the connection (e.g. 20 Mbit/s down on the Vera fiber plan) from the beginning of the billing month but are restricted to a percentage of the contracted transmission rate (e.g., to 2 Mbit/s down, or 10% of the advertised speed) once a data tier (e.g. 150 GB) is reached. Full bandwidth capability is restored at the beginning of the next billing month.
1009:
the BE state, at which point you'll find your traffic priority lowered until your usage drops to 50% of your provisioned upstream or downstream bandwidth for "a period of approximately 15 minutes". A throttled
Comcast user being placed in a BE state "may or may not result in the user's traffic being delayed or, in extreme cases, dropped before PBE traffic is dropped". Comcast explained to the FCC that "If there is no congestion, packets from a user in a BE state should have little trouble getting on the bus when they arrive at the bus stop. If, on the other hand, there is congestion in a particular instance, the bus may become filled by packets in a PBE state before any BE packets can get on. In that situation, the BE packets would have to wait for the next bus that is not filled by PBE packets".
1001:
hearing and concluded that
Comcast violated the principles of the Internet Policy Statement because Comcast's "discriminatory and arbitrary practice unduly squelched the dynamic benefits of an open and accessible Internet and did not constitute reasonable network management." The FCC also provided clear guidelines to any ISP wishing to engage in reasonable network management. The FCC suggested ways that Comcast could have achieved its goal of stopping network congestion, including capping the average user's capacity and charging the most aggressive users overage (going over a maximum) fees, throttling back the connections of all high capacity users, or negotiating directly with the application providers and developing new technologies.
393:, which may be a song file, a video, and so on, depending on what the client has requested. As there will typically be many clients per server, the data processing demand on a server will generally be considerably greater than on any individual client. And so servers are typically implemented using computers with high data capacity and processing power. The traffic on such a network will vary over time, and there will be periods when client requests will peak or sent responses will be huge, sometimes exceeding the capacity of parts of network and causing congestion, especially in parts of the network that form
726:
against Bell Canada. On
December 20, 2011, Bell Canada announced they would end throttling by March 31, 2012 for their customers, as well as their wholesale customers. On February 4, 2012, in an effort to get out of trouble with the CRTC (which had continued its own testing and had found additional non-compliance and demanded immediate compliance), Rogers announced 50% of their customers would be throttle-free by June 2012, and 100% of their customers would be throttle-free by the end of 2012. Unfortunately for Rogers, this did not mollify the CRTC Enforcements Division.
1080:: The ultimate metric of throttling's effect on an Internet connection's potential value to a customer is the cost per GB (or TB in the case of fast connections) carried assuming perfect utilization of the connection. It is calculated by dividing the monthly cost of the connection by the maximum monthly payload. In the example Antel fiber 20 Mbs connection it would be US$ 36 / 0.783 TB = US$ 46 per TB. By comparison, if the same 20Mbs connection weren't throttled by the ISP it would have a cost per unit payload of US$ 36 / 6.48 TB = US$ 5.6 per TB
865:, said: "I am absolutely determined that everyone in the EU should have the chance to enjoy the benefits of an open and lawful Internet, without hidden restrictions or slower speeds than they have been promised." The Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (Berec) will examine the issues for the EU, and will ask both businesses and consumers for their views. The EU published the results of its investigation at the end of 2011. New laws mean that ISPs are prohibited from blocking or slowing down of Internet traffic, except where necessary.
543:
Title II of the
Communications Act and Section 706 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. The new rules apply to both fixed and mobile broadband services. However, these rules were rolled back on December 14, 2017. On October 19, 2023, the FCC voted 3-2 to approve a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that seeks comments on a plan to restore net neutrality rules and regulation of Internet service providers.On April 25, 2024, the FCC voted 3-2 to reinstate net neutrality in the United States by reclassifying the Internet under Title II.
962:
654:
635:"contravene ... federal policy". At this time, "Comcast had already agreed to adopt a new system for managing bandwidth demand, the Commission simply ordered it to make a set of disclosures describing the details of its new approach and the company's progress toward implementing it". Comcast complied with this Order but petitioned for a review and presented several objections.
471:(100 MB/s / 1 MB/s) before saturating network bandwidth; a saturated network (i.e. with a bottleneck through an Internet Access Point) could slow down a lot the attempts to establish other new connections or even to force them to fail because of timeouts, etc.; besides this new active connections could not get easily or fastly their proper share of bandwidth.
631:
through negotiation rather than through rulemaking. The
Commission believed that Comcast had "significantly impeded consumers' ability to access the content and use the applications of their choice", and that because Comcast "ha several available options it could use to manage network traffic without discriminating" against peer-to-peer communications, its method of
1074:: This is the bandwidth of an unthrottled Internet connection whose maximum monthly payload is the same as the maximum monthly payload of the throttled connection in question. This can be calculated as unthrottled connection bandwidth * throttling percentage. In the example Antel fiber 20Mbs connection the equivalent connection bandwidth is 20 Mbs * 12% = 2.4 Mbs
1042:
when choosing an
Internet plan, ISPs should publish their capping and throttling practices with the necessary level of detail. While the net effect of some throttling and capping strategies can be hard to compare across ISPs, some basic metrics that are of interest for any kind of throttled/capped Internet connection are:
1008:
amended their
Acceptable Usage Policy and placed a specific 250 GB monthly cap. Comcast has also announced a new bandwidth-throttling plan. The scheme includes a two-class system of "priority-best-effort" and "best-effort" where "sustained use of 70% of your up or downstream throughput triggers
537:
is the principle that all
Internet traffic should be treated equally. It aims to guarantee a level playing field for all websites and Internet technologies. With net neutrality, the network's only job is to move data—not to choose which data to privilege with higher quality, that is faster, service.
525:
Those that could have their bandwidth throttled are typically someone who is constantly downloading and uploading torrents, or someone who just watches a lot of online videos. If this is done by an ISP, many consider this practice as an unfair method of regulating the bandwidth because consumers are
1086:
This is how much it would cost the customer to offset the effect of throttling by aggregating throttled
Internet connections from the ISP. It is calculated by dividing the monthly cost of a throttled connection by the throttling percentage. In the example Antel fiber connection the cost of building
1041:
Whether aimed at avoiding network congestion or at pushing users to upgrade to costlier Internet plans, the increasingly common capping and throttling practices of ISPs undoubtedly have an effect on the value proposition of the plans they offer. For consumers to be able to make an informed decision
1000:
was caught interfering with peer-to-peer traffic. Specifically, it falsified packets of data that fooled users and their peer-to-peer programs into thinking they were transferring files. Comcast initially denied that it interfered with its subscribers' uploads, but later admitted it. The FCC held a
725:
by the Canadian Gamers Organization against Rogers for breaking the 2009 rules already in place, the CRTC created an addendum to their ITMP policy, allowing them to send the complaint to their Enforcements Division. The Canadian Gamers Organization in their submissions alluded to filing a complaint
630:
filed a complaint against Comcast's Internet service. Several subscribers claimed that the company was interfering with their use of peer-to-peer networking applications. The Commission stated that it had jurisdiction over Comcast's network management practices and that it could resolve the dispute
542:
adopted Open Internet rules. They are designed to protect free expression and innovation on the Internet and promote investment in the nation's broadband networks. The Open Internet rules are grounded in the strongest possible legal foundation by relying on multiple sources of authority, including:
316:
regulations. While ISPs prey on the individual's inability to fight them, fines can range up to $ 25,000 USD for throttling. In the United States, net neutrality, the principle that Internet service providers (ISPs) treat all data on the Internet the same, and not discriminate, has been an issue of
1060:
This is the ratio of the maximum monthly payload of a throttled Internet connection to the maximum unthrottled monthly payload of the same connection. In the example Antel fiber 20Mbs connection the maximum unthrottled monthly payload of that connection is 2,592,000 seconds * 2.5 MB/s = 6,480
230:
are lost, in the second case network packets can be lost / discarded whenever ingoing data speed overcomes the bandwidth limit or the capacity of device and data packets cannot be temporarily stored in a buffer queue (because it is full or it does not exist); the usage of such a buffer queue is to
1032:
has a state-enforced monopoly forcing consumers who require non-wireless Internet access (i.e. ADSL or fiber – cable Internet is outlawed) to purchase it directly from Antel. Its practices provide insight into the probable behavior of ISPs in markets that have little or no competition and/or lack
585:
or speed of data transfer on a broadband Internet connection. Standard capping is used to prevent individuals from consuming the entire transmission capacity of the medium. A lowered cap reduces an individual user's bandwidth cap as a defensive measure and/or as a punishment for heavy use of the
1020:
even applied such throttling to data plans advertised as "unlimited", resulting an FCC complaint against Verizon. Though AT&T had told its customers throttling was a possibility, the FTC filed a lawsuit against the company in 2014, charging that the disclosure was insufficiently specific. A
1053:
above), the maximum monthly payload in that hypothetical setting would be reached by running the connection at 20Mbs for the first 150 GB, and at 2Mbs for the rest of the month. Thus the maximum monthly payload of that connection is 60,000 seconds * 2.5 MB/s + 2,532,000 seconds *
556:
No paid prioritization: broadband providers may not favor some lawful Internet traffic over other lawful traffic in exchange for consideration or payment of any kind—in other words, no "fast lanes." This rule also bans ISPs from prioritizing content and services of their own affiliated
502:, might limit (throttle) the speed at which it receives or sends data, in order to avoid overloading its processing capacity or to saturate network bandwidth. This can be done both at the local network servers or at the ISP servers. ISPs often employ
1067:
This represents how much the maximum monthly payload of an Internet connection gets reduced by the ISP's throttling policy. It is calculated simply as 1 − maximum utilization percentage. In the example Antel fiber 20Mbs connection it is 1 − 12% =
423:(i.e. web server) could throttle its outgoing data to allow more concurrent active client connections without using too much network bandwidth (i.e. using only 90% of available bandwidth in order to keep a reserve for other activities, etc.);
597:) by limiting how much data that device can receive from each node / client or can output or can send for each response. Bandwidth capping on the other hand limits the total transfer capacity, upstream or downstream, of data over a medium.
506:(DPI), which is widely available in routers or provided by special DPI equipment. Additionally, today's networking equipment allows ISPs to collect statistics on flow sizes at line speed, which can be used to mark large flows for
526:
not getting the required bandwidth even after paying the prices set by the ISPs. By throttling the people who are using so much bandwidth, the ISPs claim to enable their regular users to have a better overall quality of service.
324:(ISP). It is a reactive measure employed in communication networks to regulate network traffic and minimize bandwidth congestion. Bandwidth throttling can occur at different locations on the network. On a local area network (
1021:
nation-wide study of video streaming speeds in 2018-2019 found major wireless carriers throttling a majority of the time, including when traffic was light, and with significant discrepancies between video services.
248:
which operates on client requests at application server level and/or at network management level (i.e. by inspecting protocol data packets). Rate limiting can also help in keeping peaks of data speed under control.
415:
could be configured to throttle the sending (upload) of a big file to a server program in order to reserve some network bandwidth for other uses (i.e. for sending emails with attached data, browsing web sites,
340:
may use bandwidth throttling to help reduce a user's usage of bandwidth that is supplied to the local network. Bandwidth throttling is also used as a measurement of data rate on Internet speed test websites.
1096:
Although ISPs may actively throttle bandwidth, if the throttling is focused on a particular protocol, there are several methods to bypass the throttling (although some of these methods may be against the
360:
applications, in order to spread a load over a wider network to reduce local network congestion, or over a number of servers to avoid overloading individual ones, and so reduce their risk of the system
1049:
This is the amount of data that an Internet connection would be able to carry in a hypothetical setting assuming no bottlenecks external to the ISP. In the example Antel 20Mbs fiber connection (see
1806:
1722:
389:
are used to host websites, providing information to a potentially very large number of client computers. Clients will make requests to servers, which will respond by sending the required
271:, etc.) which can be run and configured to throttle data sent through network or even to throttle data received from network (by reading data at most at a throttled amount per second);
1987:
317:
contention between network users and access providers since the 1990s. With net neutrality, ISPs may not intentionally block, slow down, or charge money for specific online content.
2022:
1686:
443:/s), assuming that most clients have a 1 MB/s (around 10 Mbit/s) network speed access to Internet and assuming to be able to download huge files (i.e. 1 GB each):
1278:
237:
When a low level network device discards incoming data packets usually can also notify that fact to data transmitter in order to slow down the transmission speed (see also
570:) receives data or the speed (i.e. bytes / kilobytes per second) of each data response. If these limits are not in place, the device can overload its processing capacity.
1481:
707:
857:
launched an investigation into Internet service providers' methods for managing traffic on their networks. Some ISPs, for instance, restrict access to services such as
2008:
1583:
1505:
2092:
1117:– A dedicated private server, usually hosted offshore, that offers high speed upstream and downstream rates and often storage for a relatively high monthly cost.
718:(P2P) traffic for bandwidth throttling between the hours of 4:30 p.m. to 2 a.m. In 2009, the CRTC released a guideline for bandwidth throttling rules.
461:(or even 10000 if output is limited to 10 kB/s) (active connections means that data content, such as a big file, is being downloaded from server to client);
1956:
553:
No throttling: broadband providers may not impair or degrade lawful Internet traffic on the basis of content, applications, services, or non-harmful devices.
1609:
487:
policies similar or even more sophisticated than those of application software level could be set in low level network devices near Internet access point.
1386:
356:
applications, as well as even out the usage of the total bandwidth supplied across all users on the network. Bandwidth throttling is also often used in
226:) is much more efficient than limiting the speed in an intermediate network device between client and server because while in the first case usually no
2062:
484:, to control the speed of data received or sent both at low level (data packets) and/or at high level (i.e. by inspecting application protocol data):
301:) to limit or not to limit the speed of data received from remote program via network or the speed of data sent to target program (server or client).
99:
1191:
1554:"Internet traffic management practices – Guidelines for responding to complaints and enforcing framework compliance by Internet service providers"
510:. Two ISPs, Cox and Comcast, have stated that they engage in this practice, where they limit users' bandwidth by up to 99%. Today most if not all
1810:
1780:
1729:
1087:
an unthrottled 20 Mbit/s fiber Internet connection by aggregating 20 Mbit/s throttled ones would be US$ 36 / 12% = US$ 300 per month
751:
573:
Contrary to throttling, in order to use bandwidth when available, but prevent excess, each node in a proactive system should set an outgoing
1979:
1910:
1883:
769:
365:, and gain additional revenue by giving users an incentive to use more expensive tiered pricing schemes, where bandwidth is not throttled.
2048:
2019:
878:
129:
1678:
1331:
1221:
1631:
188:
consists in the limitation of the communication speed (bytes or kilobytes per second), of the ingoing (received) or outgoing (sent)
144:
1274:
172:
1557:
1531:
861:
or the BBC iPlayer at peak times so that their users all receive an equal service. The EU's commissioner for the digital agenda,
1860:
1251:
400:
In order to prevent such occurrences, a client / server / system administrator may enable (if available) bandwidth throttling:
671:
2124:
1495:
140:
2088:
1758:
1605:
550:
No blocking: broadband providers may not block access to legal content, applications, services, or non-harmful devices.
1411:
1952:
1170:
1108:(VPN) – Generally costs a monthly fee to rent, but offers users a secure connection where data cannot be intercepted.
693:
627:
539:
313:
124:
675:
114:
1364:
722:
2037:
1579:
587:
454:
2066:
165:
514:
throttle their users' bandwidth, with or without the user ever even realizing it. In the specific case of
619:
134:
1187:
2129:
566:
Bandwidth throttling works by limiting (throttling) the speed at which a bandwidth intensive device (a
408:, to control the speed of ingoing (received) data and/or to control the speed of outgoing (sent) data:
1784:
1477:
882:
511:
337:
321:
282:
1457:
1061:
GB. Thus the maximum utilization percentage of that connection is 783 GB / 6,480 GB = 12%
394:
104:
2134:
1927:
1105:
664:
158:
119:
109:
83:
1892:
344:
Throttling can be used to actively limit a user's upload and download rates on programs such as
1658:
1656:
1452:
1012:
US cell phone ISP's have also increasingly resorted to bandwidth throttling in their networks.
503:
53:
1648:
ISP Bell Canada has announced that it will stop throttling peer-to-peer file-sharing next year
1313:
1214:
593:
The difference is that bandwidth throttling regulates a bandwidth intensive device (such as a
1443:
Emil Sit; Andreas Haeberlen; Frank Dabek; Byung-Gon Chun; Hakim Weatherspoon; Robert Morris;
1327:
349:
1653:
203:
The data speed and rendering may be limited depending on various parameters and conditions.
1918:
1138:
632:
613:
329:
298:
258:
234:
In the second case discarded data packets can be resent by transmitter and received again.
58:
8:
793:
197:
1163:
Cloud Native Using Containers, Functions, and Data to Build Next-Generation Applications
979:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2119:
1121:
811:
594:
567:
499:
382:
378:
333:
276:
238:
223:
219:
73:
1553:
1527:
1247:
1856:
1444:
1419:
1309:
1166:
362:
193:
78:
63:
1098:
623:
374:
1663:
2026:
1133:
507:
345:
970:
874:
854:
787:
534:
522:
developed the network management technology that throttled P2P file transfers.
227:
27:
2020:
Only Cuba and Uruguay don't offer Internet access via cable modem (In Spanish)
1980:"AT&T Accused of Deceiving Smartphone Customers With Unlimited Data Plans"
1442:
1054:
0.25 MB/s = 783 GB (about the size of a large laptop disk drive in 2013.)
2113:
1754:
1708:
1423:
1143:
574:
245:
207:
320:
Defined as the intentional slowing or speeding of an internet service by an
1500:
1387:"FCC moves ahead with Title II net neutrality rules in 3-2 party-line vote"
862:
775:
745:
715:
397:. This can cause data request failures, or in worst cases, server crashes.
353:
1833:
757:
739:
711:
1709:"All you need to know about Net Neutrality rules in the EU | BEREC"
1300:
Kevin Werbach (2009). "Higher Standards Regulation in the Network Age".
932:
922:
678: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
386:
297:
because it is a choice of the client manager or the server manager (by
268:
264:
1632:"Bell Canada ends internet throttling in favor of usage-based billing"
581:. There are two types of bandwidth capping. A standard cap limits the
435:: assuming to have a server site with speed access to Internet of 100
653:
1857:"FCC formally rules Comcast's throttling of BitTorrent was illegal"
1356:
823:
799:
763:
519:
450:
436:
357:
68:
48:
1215:"The Local and Global Effects of Traffic Shaping in the Internet"
1114:
1017:
1013:
1005:
997:
912:
902:
781:
582:
515:
440:
1248:"Glasnost: Results from tests for BitTorrent traffic blocking"
1029:
858:
805:
231:
absorb the peaks of incoming data for very short time lapse.
1911:"The FCC, the DMCA, and Why Takedown Notices Are Not Enough"
1482:
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
1346:
877:
has been the law since 2011. November 2010, defined by the
708:
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
390:
332:("sysadmin") may employ bandwidth throttling to help limit
189:
1328:"What is Internet Throttling? Everything You Need To Know"
1781:"Does SingNet perform any network management activities?"
1351:
1349:
1111:
Force Encryption – Free method that works for some users.
325:
2009:
Wireless carrier throttling of online video is pervasive
1926:(233). University of California: 242–243. Archived from
218:
Limiting the speed of data sent by a data originator (a
244:
NOTE: Bandwidth throttling should not be confused with
1185:
590:. Oftentimes this happens without notifying the user.
210:
pattern to minimize the number of throttling errors.
2089:"Optimize BitTorrent to outwit traffic shaping ISPs"
1807:"Does MyRepublic throttle BitTorrent / P2P traffic?"
1245:
1908:
2111:
1854:
881:(IDA). But despite the law, the majority of the
814:: Yes – The public statement was "Confidential".
252:These bandwidth limitations can be implemented:
1212:
206:Bandwidth throttling should be done along with
1831:
1412:"F.C.C. Votes to Restore Net Neutrality Rules"
766:: No (Only with unlimited data mobile devices)
1299:
293:(client/server program) is usually perfectly
166:
1977:
1606:"Rogers promises to end internet throttling"
1272:
969:Parts of this article (those related to FCC
336:and server crashes. On a broader level, the
263:(a client program or a server program, i.e.
1953:"New Comcast Throttling System 100% Online"
1676:
888:ISPs in Singapore that throttle bandwidth:
638:
449:, a server using a max. output speed of 100
385:. The Internet is a good example, in which
1679:"EU launches net neutrality investigation"
1496:"Canadian regulators allow P2P throttling"
381:, which host data and provide services to
173:
159:
1950:
1528:"Telecom Regulatory Policy CRTC 2009-657"
1456:
1449:Proactive replication for data durability
694:Learn how and when to remove this message
561:
1493:
1275:"Is Your ISP Throttling Your Bandwidth?"
729:ISPs in Canada that throttle bandwidth:
579:total number of bytes sent per unit time
498:A bandwidth intensive device, such as a
467:, a server could efficiently serve only
16:Intentional slowing of data transmission
1384:
1302:Harvard Journal of Law & Technology
1246:Max Planck Institute (March 18, 2008).
605:
2112:
2063:"Workarounds For Bandwidth Throttling"
1863:from the original on November 10, 2011
1834:"Comcast blocks some Internet traffic"
1478:08-1291 Chief Judge David S. Tatel
844:Internet Lightspeed Bonded (MLPPP): No
200:such as computers and mobile phones.
2095:from the original on November 7, 2012
1990:from the original on October 29, 2014
538:In the US, on February 26, 2015, the
529:
2060:
1959:from the original on August 10, 2011
1885:Comcast Memorandum Opinion and Order
1409:
955:
676:adding citations to reliable sources
647:
1881:
1855:Declan McCullagh (August 1, 2008).
1689:from the original on April 26, 2011
1612:from the original on April 27, 2012
1586:from the original on April 19, 2012
1494:Anderson, Nate (20 November 2008).
1036:
453:/s (around 1 Mbit/s) for each
13:
1761:from the original on 28 April 2015
1580:"Bell to stop internet throttling"
1560:from the original on July 12, 2012
1534:from the original on July 12, 2012
1508:from the original on 25 March 2011
1281:from the original on April 5, 2011
1254:from the original on April 4, 2011
1227:from the original on July 22, 2011
377:typically consists of a number of
14:
2146:
1978:Edward Wyatt (October 28, 2014).
1213:Massimiliano Marcon; et al.
1091:
628:Federal Communications Commission
540:Federal Communications Commission
457:connection, could allow at least
1194:from the original on May 7, 2020
960:
951:
802:: Yes, and also prioritizes VoIP
652:
2081:
2054:
2042:
2031:
2013:
2002:
1971:
1944:
1902:
1875:
1848:
1825:
1799:
1773:
1747:
1715:
1701:
1670:
1624:
1598:
1572:
1546:
1520:
1487:
1465:
1436:
1403:
1367:from the original on 2015-06-15
1334:from the original on 2021-08-16
1273:netequalizer (March 21, 2009).
1188:"Dropping packet - an overview"
1072:Equivalent connection bandwidth
1058:Maximum utilization percentage:
663:needs additional citations for
308:(ISP) instead is considered an
1677:Matt Warman (April 20, 2011).
1378:
1320:
1308:(1). Harvard University: 217.
1293:
1266:
1239:
1206:
1186:Deep Medhi; Karthik Ramasamy.
1179:
1155:
879:Infocomm Development Authority
600:
577:that appropriately limits the
493:
1:
2038:Telecommunications in Uruguay
1951:Karl Bode (January 5, 2009).
1832:Peter Svensson (2007-10-19).
1638:. The Verge. 23 December 2011
1149:
838:Internet Lightspeed Cable: No
518:, an equipment vendor called
1410:Kang, Cecilia (2024-04-25).
1084:Unthrottled connection cost:
868:
465:without bandwidth throttling
368:
7:
2125:Computer network technology
1909:Michael P. Murtagh (2008).
1385:Brodkin, Jon (2023-10-19).
1127:
841:Internet Lightspeed DSL: No
721:In 2011, following a major
459:1000 active TCP connections
213:
10:
2151:
1473:Comcast vs. FCC & U.S.
1024:
796:: Yes (25% of the traffic)
611:
512:Internet Service Providers
469:100 active TCP connections
406:application software level
848:
778:: Yes (Netflix) (Android)
643:
447:with bandwidth throttling
338:Internet service provider
322:Internet service provider
1165:. O'Reilly Media. 2019.
1047:Maximum monthly payload:
808:: Yes(2% of the traffic)
710:(CRTC) decided to allow
639:ISP bandwidth throttling
482:network management level
1106:Virtual private network
885:do throttle bandwidth.
835:Talk Wireless Inc.: Yes
1065:Throttling percentage:
832:Teksavvy DSL MLPPP: No
562:Throttling vs. capping
504:deep packet inspection
281:(typically done by an
64:Internet Protocol (IP)
54:Deep packet inspection
22:Part of a series about
1664:"Sunwire Support FAQ"
1078:Cost per unit payload
1919:Hastings Law Journal
1484: April 6, 2010).
1447:; John Kubiatowicz.
1139:Bandwidth management
1101:of specific plans).
672:improve this article
633:bandwidth management
614:Comcast Corp. v. FCC
607:Comcast Corp. v. FCC
352:protocols and other
330:system administrator
299:server administrator
259:application software
186:Bandwidth throttling
92:By country or region
59:End-to-end principle
44:Bandwidth throttling
853:In April 2011, the
546:Bright line rules:
2049:Planes de Internet
2025:2013-05-14 at the
1984:The New York Times
1882:FCC (2008-08-01).
1836:. Associated Press
1608:. CBC News. 2012.
1582:. CBC News. 2011.
1416:The New York Times
1122:Tunneling protocol
1004:However, in 2008,
973:rules) need to be
736:Altima telecom: No
580:
530:Network neutrality
483:
470:
460:
407:
334:network congestion
311:
307:
296:
292:
280:
277:network management
262:
239:network congestion
74:Net neutrality law
2130:Data transmission
1445:M. Frans Kaashoek
1330:. July 27, 2021.
1190:. ScienceDirect.
994:
993:
949:
948:
897:Limits bandwidth
817:Sunwire Cable: No
704:
703:
696:
578:
481:
468:
458:
405:
312:in the USA under
309:
305:
294:
290:
275:
257:
183:
182:
79:Search neutrality
36:Topics and issues
2142:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2069:on March 3, 2011
2065:. Archived from
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2017:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1915:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1891:. Archived from
1890:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1809:. Archived from
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1787:on 26 March 2015
1783:. Archived from
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1734:
1728:. Archived from
1727:
1723:"NET NEUTRALITY"
1719:
1713:
1712:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1674:
1668:
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1651:
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1636:www.theverge.com
1628:
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1234:
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1226:
1219:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1159:
1120:SSH Tunneling –
1037:Metrics for ISPs
989:
986:
980:
964:
963:
956:
891:
890:
829:Teksavvy DSL: No
699:
692:
688:
685:
679:
656:
648:
624:Public Knowledge
375:computer network
175:
168:
161:
148:
30:
19:
18:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2027:Wayback Machine
2018:
2014:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1949:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1813:on 4 March 2016
1805:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
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1732:
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1707:
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1692:
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1675:
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1615:
1613:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1492:
1488:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1426:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1393:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1368:
1357:"Open Internet"
1355:
1354:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1134:Traffic shaping
1130:
1094:
1039:
1027:
990:
984:
981:
978:
965:
961:
954:
871:
851:
820:Sunwire DSL: No
754:: Yes (Netflix)
700:
689:
683:
680:
669:
657:
646:
641:
616:
610:
603:
564:
532:
508:traffic shaping
496:
439:/s (around 1000
371:
346:video streaming
228:network packets
224:server computer
220:client computer
216:
179:
139:
84:Tiered Internet
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2148:
2138:
2137:
2135:Net neutrality
2132:
2127:
2122:
2107:
2106:
2080:
2053:
2041:
2030:
2012:
2001:
1970:
1943:
1901:
1898:on 2011-08-01.
1874:
1847:
1824:
1798:
1772:
1746:
1714:
1700:
1669:
1652:
1623:
1597:
1571:
1556:. CRTC. 2011.
1545:
1530:. CRTC. 2009.
1519:
1486:
1464:
1458:10.1.1.71.7264
1435:
1402:
1377:
1345:
1319:
1292:
1265:
1238:
1205:
1178:
1171:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1093:
1092:User responses
1090:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1038:
1035:
1026:
1023:
992:
991:
985:September 2015
971:net neutrality
968:
966:
959:
953:
950:
947:
946:
943:
939:
938:
935:
929:
928:
925:
919:
918:
915:
909:
908:
905:
899:
898:
895:
875:net neutrality
873:In Singapore,
870:
867:
855:European Union
850:
847:
846:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
821:
818:
815:
809:
803:
797:
791:
788:Primus Telecom
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
734:
714:to single out
702:
701:
660:
658:
651:
645:
642:
640:
637:
612:Main article:
609:
604:
602:
599:
563:
560:
559:
558:
554:
551:
535:Net neutrality
531:
528:
495:
492:
491:
490:
489:
488:
477:
476:
475:
474:
473:
472:
462:
427:
426:
425:
424:
421:server program
417:
413:client program
370:
367:
287:
286:
272:
215:
212:
198:network device
181:
180:
178:
177:
170:
163:
155:
152:
151:
150:
149:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
115:European Union
112:
107:
102:
94:
93:
89:
88:
87:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
38:
37:
33:
32:
29:Net neutrality
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2147:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2005:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1933:on 2011-09-27
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1905:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1862:
1859:. CNET News.
1858:
1851:
1835:
1828:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1735:on 2015-07-21
1731:
1724:
1718:
1710:
1704:
1688:
1684:
1683:The Telegraph
1680:
1673:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1649:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1459:
1454:
1451:. p. 6.
1450:
1446:
1439:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1366:
1362:
1358:
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1350:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1198:September 24,
1193:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1172:9781492053798
1168:
1164:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1144:Rate limiting
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1066:
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1044:
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1031:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1002:
999:
988:
976:
972:
967:
958:
957:
952:United States
944:
941:
940:
936:
934:
931:
930:
926:
924:
921:
920:
916:
914:
911:
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904:
901:
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893:
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886:
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876:
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860:
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843:
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828:
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819:
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801:
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792:
789:
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762:
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747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
731:
730:
727:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
706:In 2008, the
698:
695:
687:
677:
673:
667:
666:
661:This section
659:
655:
650:
649:
636:
634:
629:
625:
621:
615:
608:
598:
596:
591:
589:
584:
576:
575:bandwidth cap
571:
569:
555:
552:
549:
548:
547:
544:
541:
536:
527:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
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501:
486:
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466:
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448:
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331:
327:
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318:
315:
302:
300:
284:
278:
273:
270:
266:
260:
255:
254:
253:
250:
247:
246:rate limiting
242:
240:
235:
232:
229:
225:
221:
211:
209:
208:rate limiting
204:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
176:
171:
169:
164:
162:
157:
156:
154:
153:
146:
142:
141:United States
138:
136:
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128:
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108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
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55:
52:
50:
47:
45:
42:
41:
40:
39:
35:
34:
31:
26:
25:
21:
20:
2097:. Retrieved
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:the original
2056:
2044:
2033:
2015:
2004:
1992:. Retrieved
1983:
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1946:
1935:. Retrieved
1928:the original
1923:
1917:
1904:
1893:the original
1884:
1877:
1865:. Retrieved
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:the original
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:the original
1775:
1763:. Retrieved
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1730:the original
1717:
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1682:
1672:
1647:
1640:. Retrieved
1635:
1626:
1614:. Retrieved
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1574:
1562:. Retrieved
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1501:Ars Technica
1499:
1489:
1472:
1467:
1448:
1438:
1427:. Retrieved
1415:
1405:
1394:. Retrieved
1391:Ars Technica
1390:
1380:
1369:. Retrieved
1360:
1336:. Retrieved
1322:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1181:
1162:
1157:
1095:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1028:
1011:
1003:
995:
982:
974:
887:
872:
863:Neelie Kroes
852:
776:Rogers Cable
746:Cogeco Cable
728:
720:
716:peer-to-peer
705:
690:
681:
670:Please help
665:verification
662:
617:
606:
592:
572:
565:
545:
533:
524:
497:
464:
446:
432:
420:
412:
399:
372:
354:file sharing
343:
319:
303:
288:
251:
243:
236:
233:
217:
205:
202:
194:network node
185:
184:
43:
1994:October 29,
1361:www.fcc.gov
758:Distributel
752:DeryTelecom
740:Bell Canada
712:Bell Canada
601:Court cases
557:businesses.
494:Application
395:bottlenecks
387:web servers
130:Philippines
125:Netherlands
2114:Categories
2061:Remisser.
1937:2011-05-03
1755:"Bad ISPs"
1685:. London.
1642:8 November
1429:2024-05-22
1396:2024-05-22
1371:2015-06-03
1150:References
933:MyRepublic
923:M1 Limited
733:Acanac: No
684:March 2019
626:, and the
620:Free Press
350:BitTorrent
306:second one
269:web server
265:ftp server
2120:Broadband
2099:April 26,
2073:April 26,
1963:March 14,
1616:April 21,
1590:April 21,
1564:April 21,
1538:April 21,
1453:CiteSeerX
1424:0362-4331
996:In 2007,
942:Viewqwest
869:Singapore
826:Cable: No
723:complaint
618:In 2007,
588:bandwidth
586:medium's
369:Operation
291:first one
135:Singapore
2093:Archived
2023:Archived
1988:Archived
1957:Archived
1861:Archived
1817:28 April
1791:28 April
1765:28 April
1759:Archived
1739:28 April
1687:Archived
1610:Archived
1584:Archived
1558:Archived
1532:Archived
1512:April 3,
1506:Archived
1365:Archived
1338:July 27,
1332:Archived
1285:April 3,
1279:Archived
1258:April 3,
1252:Archived
1222:Archived
1192:Archived
1128:See also
1018:AT&T
894:ISP Name
824:Teksavvy
812:EastLink
800:Xplornet
764:Bell MTS
520:Sandvine
433:examples
363:crashing
358:Internet
214:Overview
196:or in a
69:Net bias
49:Data cap
2051:– Antel
1314:1557265
1220:. MPI.
1115:Seedbox
1051:Uruguay
1025:Uruguay
1014:Verizon
1006:Comcast
998:Comcast
975:updated
913:Singtel
903:Starhub
782:SaskTel
583:bitrate
516:Comcast
383:clients
379:servers
310:offense
1867:May 3,
1840:May 3,
1693:May 3,
1480: (
1476:,
1455:
1422:
1312:
1231:May 3,
1169:
849:Europe
644:Canada
595:server
568:server
500:server
416:etc.);
105:Canada
100:Brazil
1931:(PDF)
1914:(PDF)
1896:(PDF)
1889:(PDF)
1733:(PDF)
1726:(PDF)
1225:(PDF)
1218:(PDF)
1030:Antel
859:Skype
806:TELUS
784:: Yes
760:: Yes
328:), a
295:legal
279:level
261:level
222:or a
192:in a
120:India
110:Chile
2101:2011
2075:2011
1996:2014
1965:2011
1869:2011
1842:2011
1819:2015
1793:2015
1767:2015
1741:2015
1695:2011
1644:2019
1618:2012
1592:2012
1566:2012
1540:2012
1514:2011
1420:ISSN
1340:2021
1310:SSRN
1287:2011
1260:2011
1233:2011
1200:2021
1167:ISBN
1016:and
927:Yes
917:Yes
907:Yes
883:ISPs
794:Shaw
790:: No
772:: No
770:Oxio
748:: No
742:: No
441:Mbit
391:data
304:The
289:The
190:data
1099:ToS
1068:88%
945:No
937:No
674:by
480:at
455:TCP
404:at
326:LAN
314:FCC
283:ISP
274:at
256:at
241:).
145:FCC
2116::
2091:.
1986:.
1982:.
1955:.
1924:61
1922:.
1916:.
1757:.
1681:.
1655:^
1646:.
1634:.
1504:.
1498:.
1418:.
1414:.
1389:.
1363:.
1359:.
1348:^
1306:23
1304:.
1277:.
1250:.
622:,
451:kB
437:MB
419:a
411:a
373:A
348:,
285:).
267:,
2103:.
2077:.
1998:.
1967:.
1940:.
1871:.
1844:.
1821:.
1795:.
1769:.
1743:.
1711:.
1697:.
1666:.
1620:.
1594:.
1568:.
1542:.
1516:.
1461:.
1432:.
1399:.
1374:.
1342:.
1316:.
1289:.
1262:.
1235:.
1202:.
1175:.
987:)
983:(
977:.
697:)
691:(
686:)
682:(
668:.
174:e
167:t
160:v
147:)
143:(
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