714:(1982â1986) for Honduras. The political instability caused by the dictators falling and being replaced with democratically elected presidents left the government with very little power, leading to corruption of the government and the rise of drug cartels. Today, the governments of Guatemala and Honduras still have very little power, as drug cartels control much of the land and are allied with corrupt officials and law enforcement officers. These drug cartels serve as the main transporters of cocaine and other drugs from Latin America to the United States. This has also caused extreme levels of violence, with Honduras having one of the highest
171:
845:
31:
262:
577:
736:
646:
363:
378:(founder of the Cuyamel Fruit Company) was instrumental in establishing the "banana republic" stereotype, when he entered the banana-export business by buying overripe bananas from the United Fruit Company to sell in New Orleans. In 1910, Zemurray bought 6,075 hectares (15,000 acres) in the Caribbean coast of Honduras for use by the Cuyamel Fruit Company. In 1911, Zemurray conspired with
593:, as both companies have received heavy criticism for the amount and effects of the pesticides they have used on their products. Although the pesticides do not generally represent a safety concern for consumers abroad, they can be harmful to residents and the ecosystems in which they are used. Many banana farmers from Central and South America were exposed to
482:. The inequitable land distribution was an important cause of national poverty, and the accompanying sociopolitical discontent and insurrection. Almost 90% of the country's farms are too small to yield adequate subsistence harvests to the farmers, while 2% of the country's farms occupy 65% of the arable land, the property of the local oligarchy.
919:
as "officially a banana republic" when sunny weather and footballing success were combined with other attributes usually considered to be characteristic of a banana republic. The country has often been referred to as a "banana monarchy", a phrase which combines the concept of a banana republic with
627:
in the case of sickness or injury. The plantation workers are also exposed to toxic pesticides on a daily basis, causing harm. Unionists who pressure these corporations for better working conditions are commonly targeted and forced to leave their positions. The workers also receive no benefits, and
617:
Both the Dole Food
Company and Chiquita Brands International have argued that their labourers and farmers are being treated much better in the 21st century than they were during the height of the banana republics. While workers do have better conditions than they did during the 20th century, these
237:
at a 1,000% profit. The banana proved popular with
Americans, as a nutritious tropical fruit that was less expensive than locally grown fruit in the U.S., such as apples; in 1913, 25 cents (equivalent to $ 7.71 in 2023) bought a dozen bananas, but only two apples. In 1873, to produce food for
439:
capital. That financial deficit perpetuated
Honduran economic stagnation and perpetuated the image of Honduras as a banana republic. Such a historical, inherited foreign debt functionally undermined the Honduran government, which allowed foreign corporations to manage the country and become sole
353:
By the 1930s, the United Fruit
Company owned 1,400,000 hectares (3.5 million acres) of land in Central America and the Caribbean and was the single largest landowner in Guatemala. Such holdings gave it great power over the governments of small countries, one of the factors confirming the
827:
of the fictional South
American town of Macondo and its people. Domestically, the corrupt national government of Macondo abets the business policies and labour practices of the foreign corporations, which brutally oppress the workers. In the novel, a specific scene depicts the real-life 1928
210:, and leveraging the power of the U.S. government, the corporations created the political, economic, and social circumstances, that led to a coup of the locally elected democratic government that established banana republics in Central American countries such as Honduras and Guatemala.
423:
was a consequence of the DĂĄvila government's having slighted the
Cuyamel Fruit Company by colluding with the rival United Fruit Company to award them a monopoly contract for the Honduran banana, in exchange for the UFC's brokering of U.S. government loans to Honduras.
622:
movements through alleged intimidation and harassment. Working conditions on banana plantations are dangerous, with very low wages and long hours in difficult conditions. The workers are not cared for and are often replaced as they have very little policy about
194:(1904), a collection of thematically related short stories inspired by his experiences in Honduras, whose economy was heavily dependent on the export of bananas. He lived there for six months until January 1897, hiding in a hotel while he was wanted in the
146:, in which the profit, derived from the private exploitation of public lands, is private property, while the debts incurred thereby are the financial responsibility of the public treasury. Such an imbalanced economy remains limited by the
584:
Chiquita Brands
International and the Dole Food Company have shifted their focus of maintaining the environments on their plantations and making agriculture more efficient by breeding and growing more resilient versions of foods, such as
2239:
932:
Countries that obtained independence from colonial powers in the 20th century have, at times, tended to share traits of banana republics due to the influence of large private corporations in politics; examples include the
2300:
303:, and the Cuyamel Fruit Company) dominated the cultivation, harvesting, and exportation of bananas, and controlled the road, rail, and port infrastructure of Honduras. In the northern coastal areas near the
205:
In the early 20th century, the United Fruit
Company, a multinational corporation, was instrumental in the creation of the banana republic phenomenon. Together with other American corporations, such as the
722:. Guatemala and Honduras also continue to have very low economic diversity, with their primary exports being clothing items and food items. 53% of all exports continue to be sent to the United States.
315:("The Octopus" in English), because its influence pervaded Honduran society, controlled their country's transport infrastructure, and manipulated Honduran national politics with anti-labour violence.
307:, the Honduran government ceded to the banana companies 500 hectares per kilometre (2,000 acre/mi) of a laid railroad, despite there being neither passenger nor freight railroad service to
2227:
440:
employers of the
Honduran people, because the American fruit companies controlled the economic infrastructure (road, rail, and port, telegraph and telephone) they had built in Honduras.
292:. By the 1930s, the international political and economic tensions created by the United Fruit Company enabled the corporation to control 80â90% of the banana business in the U.S.
1975:
1654:
2342:
2292:
959:
might become a banana republic. This has received both commentary and criticism and is seen as part of a turning point in
Australia's political and economic history.
2269:
2364:
1414:
706:
Honduras and Guatemala have faced significant challenges with governmental corruption as a result of the dictatorships backed by the U.S. government,
2546:
2461:
2105:
2002:
877:" due to its threat of force. In the case of Hawaii, the U.S. was also interested in the strategic military significance of the islands, leasing
1392:
1316:
715:
1855:"Tracking pesticide fate in conventional banana cultivation in Costa Rica: A disconnect between protecting ecosystems and consumer health"
1569:
412:
873:
to write a new constitution that benefited American businessmen at the expense of the working class. This constitution is known as the "
350:, and tropical South America; the American fruit companies then employed the dispossessed Latin American natives as low-wage employees.
1784:
280:, Keith founded the Tropical Trading and Transport Company: one-half of what would later become the United Fruit Company (UFC), later
1053:
874:
719:
470:
suffered the regional socio-economic legacy of a 'banana republic': inequitably distributed agricultural land and natural wealth,
2322:
2195:
942:
2509:
2445:
2336:
2077:
2050:
1726:
1621:
1541:
1491:
1453:
1204:
1627:
1274:
1547:
1247:
1154:
1150:
869:, was once an independent country under political pressure from American sugar plantation owners, who in 1887 forced King
2586:
2228:"Chinese Political and Economic Influence in the Philippines: Implications for Alliances and the South China Sea Dispute"
1108:
2261:
2123:"Mensajes que me llegan: đđđBRITAIN is now officially a banana republic with constant sunshine, collapsing governmâŠ"
1613:
1374:
455:
to Honduras. Nonetheless, 23 years later, after much corporate intrigue among the American businessmen, by means of a
411:'s misrepresenting DĂĄvila as too politically liberal and a poor businessman whose management had indebted Honduras to
1579:
824:
693:
408:
342:
laws to cheaply buy large tracts of prime agricultural land for corporate banana plantations in the republics of the
73:
675:
522:
218:
The history of the banana republic began with the introduction of the banana fruit to the United States in 1870, by
908:
882:
667:
24:
1411:
386:, to overthrow the civil government of Honduras and install a military government friendly to foreign businesses.
471:
147:
2210:
2144:
25 June - The UK experiences the hottest weather of the year so far, with temperatures reaching up to 29.4 °C .
671:
629:
589:
bananas. Both companies have been working to employ better farming practices, especially regarding the use of
2571:
2561:
2551:
1821:
900:
811:
529:
deposed the democratically elected government of Ărbenz and installed the pro-business government of Colonel
335:
100:
2143:
2591:
2516:
370:
overthrew the civil government of Honduras to install a military government friendly to foreign businesses.
289:
2488:
2541:
2165:
1853:
Mendez, Annelle; Castillo, Luisa E.; Ruepert, Clemens; Hungerbuehler, Konrad; Ng, Carla A. (2018-02-01).
1609:
1186:
1113:
816:
594:
526:
400:
1904:
459:
of agricultural business interests, Zemurray assumed control of the rival United Fruit Company in 1933.
2180:
972:
255:
190:
176:
142:
of the ruling class. Such exploitation is enabled by collusion between the state and favoured economic
56:
describes a politically and economically unstable country with an economy dependent upon the export of
2327:
1854:
2581:
2154:
1663:
1571:
America's Backyard: The United States and Latin America from the Monroe Doctrine to the War on Terror
1308:
762:
296:
116:
2526:
1028:
968:
656:
448:
1389:
711:
1445:
921:
660:
485:
During the 1950s, the United Fruit Company sought to convince the governments of U.S. presidents
452:
184:
In the 20th century, American writer O. Henry (William Sydney Porter, 1862â1910) coined the term
2521:
1709:
The Good Neighbor: How the United States Wrote the History of Central America and the Caribbean
949:
707:
552:
300:
104:
2067:
832:, related to the death of workers who struck against poor conditions in banana plantations in
560:
2040:
1718:
1483:
1146:
530:
207:
85:
2042:
American Invasions: Canada to Afghanistan, 1775 to 2010: Canada to Afghanistan, 1775 to 2010
1774:
1177:
551:(1960â1996). However, in 1986, at the 26-year mark, the Guatemalan people promulgated a new
254:; recognising the profitability of exporting bananas, they began exporting the fruit to the
170:
2576:
2556:
2126:
1862:
1812:
1808:"Beyond Dependency Theory: National and Regional Patterns of Underdevelopment in Guatemala"
1304:
993:
548:
490:
447:
went on to become the legal-tender currency of Honduras; Christmas became commander of the
444:
389:
To that end, the mercenary army of the Cuyamel Fruit Company, led by Christmas, effected a
285:
77:
1976:"$ 14 for 12 hours of work: behind each banana in Honduras there is a poorly paid peasant"
99:, composed of the business, political, and military elites. The ruling class controls the
8:
2421:
Cleary, Paul (13 June 1998). "If the economy's so good, how come the dollar's so bad?".
1866:
1748:
396:
2293:"Which public health policy in ASEAN is most susceptible to tobacco industry influence"
1930:"Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive effects of dibromochloropropane (DBCP)"
1835:
1779:
1687:
1679:
1347:
1210:
844:
518:
265:
243:
139:
2122:
1929:
2566:
2441:
2332:
2073:
2046:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1886:
1878:
1722:
1707:
1691:
1667:
1617:
1575:
1537:
1487:
1476:
1449:
1370:
1243:
1236:
1200:
1023:
311:, the capital city. Among the Honduran people, the United Fruit Company was known as
247:
230:
219:
47:
30:
1874:
391:
1941:
1870:
1825:
1671:
1190:
1043:
1013:
862:
586:
323:
135:
131:
57:
501:
for having expropriated unused "fruit company lands" to landless peasants. In the
494:
1830:
1807:
1603:
1533:
1523:
1435:
1418:
1396:
1282:
1158:
1078:
1058:
829:
510:
486:
416:
347:
343:
277:
159:
20:
2462:"Pakistan becomes 'a banana republic', Imran Khan reacts to his arrest warrants"
1140:
1714:
1675:
1103:
1083:
1068:
1018:
916:
556:
544:
506:
379:
2535:
1953:
1882:
1214:
1093:
1033:
904:
766:
753:
534:
432:
399:(1907â1911) and installed Bonilla (1912â1913). The United States ignored the
383:
367:
304:
261:
195:
92:
1890:
1605:
Reinterpreting the Banana Republic. Region and State in Honduras, 1870â1972
1179:
Latining America: Black-Brown Passages and the Coloring of Latino/a Studies
1162:
1098:
1088:
1038:
1008:
952:
895:
878:
758:
744:
624:
598:
498:
404:
375:
273:
239:
199:
88:
2391:
Barton, Russell; Short, Michael (15 May 1986). "Keating gloom: $ falls".
1961:
1195:
1063:
1048:
998:
988:
938:
820:
619:
606:
521:
facilitated Eisenhower's ordering and authorising Operation Success, the
514:
475:
435:(c. US$ 4 billion) of Honduras was excluded from access to international
331:
308:
2406:
Cleary, Paul (17 May 1996). "What will we do when it's all been sold?".
1351:
870:
2497:
1683:
1176:
Milian, Claudia (2013-02-01). "Chapter Four: Disorienting Latinities".
1073:
975:
436:
251:
120:
96:
2003:"More Than 30 Trade Unionists Have Been Killed in Honduras Since 2009"
1839:
1529:
1003:
956:
590:
479:
467:
366:
In 1912, for the Cuyamel Fruit Company, American mercenary "general"
112:
65:
1649:
735:
645:
474:, and an economy dependent upon a few export cropsâusually bananas,
2094:
The Hawaiian Republic (1894â98): and its struggle to win annexation
1136:
934:
849:
833:
576:
541:
502:
456:
339:
327:
319:
281:
223:
155:
151:
143:
81:
69:
61:
39:
1852:
1367:
Jungle Capitalists: A Story of Globalisation, Greed and Revolution
823:
capitalism of foreign fruit companies as voracious socio-economic
382:, an ex-president of Honduras (1904â1907), and American mercenary
2130:
1905:"Latam banana workers' claims over pesticide are revived in U.S."
1441:
912:
2440:(1st ed.). Sydney Australia: UNSW Press. pp. 224â238.
362:
866:
602:
547:
were the governments of Guatemala in the course of the 36-year
234:
124:
2196:
Brexit Britain is Johnson's banana monarchy â be in no doubt (
1655:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
493:(1953â1961) that the popular, elected government of President
612:
415:, a geopolitically unacceptable circumstance in light of the
158:(paper money), thereby rendering the country ineligible for
2502:â the O. Henry book of short stories wherein he coined the
334:. The fruit-exporting corporations kept U.S. prices low by
188:
to describe the fictional Republic of Anchuria in the book
84:). Typically, a banana republic has a society of extremely
2232:
The Journal of Political Risk (Pub by Corr Analytics Inc.)
1338:
Malcolm D. MacLean (Summer 1968). "O. Henry in Honduras".
2511:
The Banana Republic: The Myth of the United Fruit Company
1238:
The Morass. United States Intervention in Central America
16:
Political-science term for a politically unstable country
2262:"Maldives election chaos fuels 'banana republic' fears"
2155:
The England team reach the semi-finals of the World Cup
1525:
Bananas. How the United Fruit Company Shaped the World
1275:"Big-business Greed Killing the Banana (p. A19)"
747:
denounced the corporate subjugation of Latin America.
150:
of town and country and usually reduces the national
2435:
2226:
Corr, Anders S.; Tacujan, Priscilla A. (July 2013).
1928:
Whorton, M. Donald; Foliart, Donna E. (1983-09-01).
1478:
Banana. The Fate of the Fruit that Changed the World
1303:
605:, central nervous system damage, and most commonly,
533:(1954â1957), which lasted for three years until his
2363:
2166:Britain: a rotten borough with a banana monarchy (
1706:
1475:
1337:
1235:
1233:
597:(DBCP) from the 1960s to 1980s, which can lead to
326:established the Standard Fruit Company (later the
238:their railroad workers, American railroad tycoons
130:A banana republic is a country with an economy of
978:said his country had "become a banana republic".
718:in the world: 38 per 100,000 people according to
330:) to export Honduran bananas to the U.S. port of
2533:
2489:From Arbenz to Zelaya: Chiquita in Latin America
1601:
635:
431:stalled the Honduran economy, and the unpayable
374:In the early 20th century, American businessman
1934:Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology
1469:
1467:
1465:
2436:Crotty, Martin; Andrew Roberts, David (2009).
1927:
1805:
1647:
915:from a Spanish correspondent, which described
1650:"Need for Capital in Latin America: Honduras"
1521:
628:as the plantations are in countries with lax
354:suitability of the phrase "banana republic".
2323:"Philippines â Period of American influence"
2059:
1704:
1462:
1433:
1369:. Edinburgh New York: Canongate. p. 6.
427:The political instability consequent to the
38:was first coined in 1904 by American writer
2390:
2225:
1567:
1473:
674:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
403:of the elected government of Honduras by a
2120:
2039:Mirza Ph.D, Rocky M. (September 2, 2010).
2038:
1517:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1412:Where did banana republics get their name?
1169:
613:Labour conditions and treatment of workers
540:A mixed history of elected presidents and
2034:
2032:
1829:
1437:Honduras. The Making of a Banana Republic
1194:
839:
694:Learn how and when to remove this message
295:By the late 19th century, three American
268:, American banana planter and businessman
111:is a pejorative descriptor for a servile
2547:Pejorative terms for forms of government
2106:Europe reacts to political chaos in UK (
2065:
1482:. London: Hudson Street Press. pp.
1135:
843:
734:
575:
361:
338:manipulation of Latin American national
276:business enterprise in the countries of
260:
169:
138:commercial enterprise for the exclusive
29:
2517:Deadly Side: America's Banana Obsession
1772:
1512:
1500:
1364:
1297:
1269:
1267:
1265:
927:
780:Reserved for itself the most succulent,
134:, whereby the country is operated as a
2534:
2420:
2405:
2290:
2211:Brexit Britain â our Banana Monarchy (
2029:
1175:
1131:
1129:
848:Graffiti implying "banana republic of
773:"; the second-stanza reading in part:
2522:Good Practices in the Banana Industry
2303:from the original on 21 February 2014
1427:
1054:Latin AmericaâUnited States relations
899:article on the resignations from the
769:countries with the four-stanza poem "
632:, there are minimal health policies.
509:politics exemplified by U.S. senator
505:(1945â1991) context of the proactive
284:, created in 1899 by merger with the
2438:Turning Points in Australian History
2331:. United Kingdom: Britannica. 2014.
2072:. Interlink Books. pp. 184â85.
2000:
1787:from the original on 9 December 2016
1340:American Literary Realism, 1870â1910
1262:
672:adding citations to reliable sources
639:
272:In the mid-1870s, to manage the new
2242:from the original on 7 January 2015
2045:. Trafford Publishing. p. 80.
2001:Chen, Michelle (13 November 2015).
1568:Livingstone, Grace (4 April 2013).
1293:– via The New Zealand Herald.
1126:
1109:Union of Banana Exporting Countries
784:The delicate waist of the Americas.
757:(General Song, 1950), Chilean poet
517:concerns about the security of the
13:
2291:Aquino, Tricia (3 February 2014).
2272:from the original on 19 March 2014
1614:University of North Carolina Press
618:large corporations still suppress
250:along the railroads they built in
119:, the exploitation of large-scale
76:by U.S. corporations, such as the
14:
2603:
2482:
1319:from the original on 17 June 2012
888:
825:exploitation of natural resources
799:It established a comic opera ...
782:The central coast of my own land,
2026:George Black (1988), p. 33.
1859:Science of the Total Environment
1648:W.S. Valentine (November 1916).
1509:Alison Acker (1988), p. 63.
881:and later acquiring Hawaii as a
856:
795:Who brought about the greatness,
644:
160:international development credit
25:Banana republic (disambiguation)
2454:
2429:
2414:
2399:
2384:
2356:
2345:from the original on 2014-02-03
2315:
2284:
2254:
2219:
2204:
2189:
2174:
2159:
2148:
2137:
2114:
2099:
2086:
2020:
1994:
1968:
1921:
1897:
1875:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.172
1846:
1799:
1766:
1741:
1698:
1641:
1630:from the original on 2016-08-10
1595:
1561:
1550:from the original on 2014-07-17
787:It rechristened its territories
710:(1982â1983) for Guatemala, and
91:, usually a large impoverished
2181:England: the Banana Monarchy (
1806:Carol A. Smith (August 1978).
1775:"Yes, We Will Have No Bananas"
1405:
1383:
1358:
1331:
1242:. New York: Harper & Row.
1227:
497:of Guatemala was secretly pro-
1:
2365:"Banana republic transformed"
1822:American Ethnological Society
1309:"America the Banana Republic"
1281:. 24 May 2008. Archived from
1147:Doubleday, Page & Company
1120:
812:One Hundred Years of Solitude
636:Modern Honduras and Guatemala
571:
566:
282:Chiquita Brands International
115:that abets and supports, for
101:primary sector of the economy
2121:@Amparopolo (10 July 2018).
2096:(Susquehanna U Press, 1992).
1946:10.1016/0165-1110(83)90044-1
1831:10.1525/ae.1978.5.3.02a00090
1773:Koeppel, Dan (8 June 2008).
761:(1904â73) denounced foreign
559:(1986â1991) president; then
462:
165:
64:coined the term to describe
19:For the clothing store, see
7:
1610:Chapel Hill, North Carolina
1234:Richard Alan White (1984).
1187:University of Georgia Press
981:
962:
941:(the tobacco industry, the
937:(resort companies) and the
791:And over the sleeping dead,
778:... The Fruit Company, Inc.
527:Central Intelligence Agency
525:by means of which the U.S.
523:1954 Guatemalan coup d'Ă©tat
472:uneven economic development
357:
148:uneven economic development
60:. In 1904, American author
10:
2608:
2587:Bananas in popular culture
2066:Chambers, John H. (2009).
1676:10.1177/000271621606800125
973:prime minister of Pakistan
797:The liberty and the flags,
789:As the "Banana Republics",
451:, and later was appointed
297:multinational corporations
256:Southeastern United States
18:
2423:The Sydney Morning Herald
2408:The Sydney Morning Herald
1664:Thousand Oaks, California
1602:DarĂo A. Euraque (1996).
1591:– via Google Books.
804:
730:
725:
537:by a presidential guard.
318:In 1924, despite the UFC
213:
1029:Dumping (pricing policy)
865:, now the U.S. state of
793:Over the restless heroes
513:in the years 1947â1957,
348:Central American isthmus
229:, who bought bananas in
123:agriculture, especially
2328:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1365:Chapman, Peter (2009).
922:constitutional monarchy
765:political dominance of
107:. Therefore, the term
1861:. 613â614: 1250â1262.
1522:Peter Chapman (2007).
853:
840:Modern interpretations
817:Gabriel GarcĂa MĂĄrquez
802:
748:
581:
553:political constitution
371:
301:Standard Fruit Company
274:industrial-agriculture
269:
181:
105:exploitation of labour
43:
23:. For other uses, see
1705:George Black (1988).
1434:Alison Acker (1988).
1196:10.2307/j.ctt46n76g.8
948:On 14 May 1986, then
945:, and corporations).
920:the United Kingdom's
847:
775:
738:
712:Roberto Suazo CĂłrdova
579:
531:Carlos Castillo Armas
409:U.S. State Department
365:
264:
208:Cuyamel Fruit Company
173:
74:economic exploitation
33:
2572:Economic development
2562:United Fruit Company
2552:Political corruption
1813:American Ethnologist
1474:Dan Koeppel (2008).
1305:Christopher Hitchens
994:American imperialism
971:Chairman and former
950:Australian Treasurer
928:Post-colonial states
875:Bayonet Constitution
668:improve this section
595:Dibromochloropropane
549:Guatemalan Civil War
491:Dwight D. Eisenhower
286:Boston Fruit Company
78:United Fruit Company
2592:Imperialism studies
2268:. 20 October 2013.
2092:William Adam Russ,
1867:2018ScTEn.613.1250M
1185:. Athens, Georgia:
771:La United Fruit Co.
741:La United Fruit Co.
601:, elevated risk of
561:Jorge Serrano ElĂas
407:, justified by the
95:and a ruling class
2542:Types of countries
2499:Cabbages and Kings
2491:â video report by
2372:. 4 September 2019
1982:. 17 November 2018
1780:The New York Times
1417:2017-08-17 at the
1395:2017-03-13 at the
1307:(9 October 2008).
1285:on 17 January 2013
1142:Cabbages and Kings
854:
749:
708:EffraĂn RĂos Montt
630:safety regulations
582:
519:Western Hemisphere
395:against President
372:
270:
248:banana plantations
191:Cabbages and Kings
182:
177:Cabbages and Kings
44:
2447:978-1-921410-56-7
2338:978-1-59339-292-5
2079:978-1-56656-615-5
2052:978-1-4669-5688-9
1728:978-0-394-75965-4
1713:. New York City:
1668:SAGE Publications
1623:978-0-8078-4604-9
1574:. Zed Books Ltd.
1543:978-1-84195-881-1
1493:978-1-59463-038-5
1455:978-0-919946-89-7
1446:Between the Lines
1206:978-0-8203-5302-9
1145:. New York City:
1024:Dependency theory
863:Kingdom of Hawaii
704:
703:
696:
328:Dole Food Company
233:and sold them in
222:, captain of the
220:Lorenzo Dow Baker
58:natural resources
48:political science
2599:
2582:1900s neologisms
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2425:. Fairfax Media.
2418:
2412:
2411:
2410:. Fairfax Media.
2403:
2397:
2396:
2395:. Fairfax Media.
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
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2367:
2360:
2354:
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2350:
2319:
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2223:
2217:
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2202:
2193:
2187:
2178:
2172:
2163:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2118:
2112:
2103:
2097:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2036:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1901:
1895:
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1850:
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1797:
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1481:
1471:
1460:
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1409:
1403:
1387:
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1362:
1356:
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1326:
1324:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1271:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1249:978-0-06091145-4
1241:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1198:
1184:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1133:
1044:Hydraulic empire
1014:Crony capitalism
893:In July 2018, a
699:
692:
688:
685:
679:
648:
640:
580:Chiquita bananas
489:(1945â1953) and
457:hostile takeover
397:Miguel R. DĂĄvila
324:Vaccaro brothers
242:and his nephew,
132:state capitalism
2607:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2532:
2531:
2504:banana republic
2485:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2434:
2430:
2419:
2415:
2404:
2400:
2389:
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2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2224:
2220:
2213:Bella Caledonia
2209:
2205:
2194:
2190:
2179:
2175:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2138:
2119:
2115:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1926:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1851:
1847:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1771:
1767:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1703:
1699:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1631:
1624:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1566:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1544:
1536:. p. 102.
1520:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1472:
1463:
1456:
1432:
1428:
1419:Wayback Machine
1410:
1406:
1397:Wayback Machine
1388:
1384:
1377:
1363:
1359:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1286:
1279:The Independent
1273:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1232:
1228:
1219:
1217:
1207:
1189:. p. 124.
1182:
1174:
1170:
1134:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1079:Postcolonialism
1059:Monroe Doctrine
984:
967:In March 2023,
965:
943:U.S. government
930:
891:
859:
842:
830:Banana Massacre
807:
801:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
785:
783:
781:
779:
733:
728:
700:
689:
683:
680:
665:
649:
638:
615:
574:
569:
545:military juntas
511:Joseph McCarthy
487:Harry S. Truman
465:
417:Monroe Doctrine
360:
344:Caribbean Basin
288:, and owned by
278:Central America
216:
186:banana republic
168:
109:banana republic
53:banana republic
36:banana republic
28:
21:Banana Republic
17:
12:
11:
5:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2507:
2495:
2493:Democracy Now!
2484:
2483:External links
2481:
2479:
2478:
2453:
2446:
2428:
2413:
2398:
2383:
2370:The Australian
2355:
2337:
2314:
2283:
2253:
2218:
2203:
2188:
2173:
2158:
2147:
2136:
2129:) – via
2113:
2098:
2085:
2078:
2058:
2051:
2028:
2019:
1993:
1980:Univision News
1967:
1920:
1896:
1845:
1798:
1765:
1740:
1727:
1715:Pantheon Books
1697:
1640:
1622:
1616:. p. 44.
1594:
1580:
1560:
1542:
1511:
1499:
1492:
1461:
1454:
1448:. p. 60.
1426:
1404:
1382:
1376:978-1847676863
1375:
1357:
1330:
1296:
1261:
1248:
1226:
1205:
1168:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1114:William Walker
1111:
1106:
1104:Resource curse
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1084:Post-communism
1081:
1076:
1071:
1069:Neocolonialism
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1019:Crop diversity
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
985:
983:
980:
964:
961:
929:
926:
911:referred to a
890:
889:United Kingdom
887:
858:
855:
841:
838:
819:, depicts the
806:
803:
776:
767:Latin American
732:
729:
727:
724:
716:homicide rates
702:
701:
652:
650:
643:
637:
634:
614:
611:
573:
570:
568:
565:
557:Vinicio Cerezo
555:, and elected
507:anti-communist
464:
461:
380:Manuel Bonilla
359:
356:
299:(the UFC, the
290:Andrew Preston
266:Minor C. Keith
246:, established
244:Minor C. Keith
215:
212:
180:(1904 edition)
167:
164:
154:into devalued
89:social classes
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2604:
2593:
2590:
2588:
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2528:
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2523:
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2515:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2467:
2463:
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2449:
2443:
2439:
2432:
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2417:
2409:
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2334:
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2329:
2324:
2318:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2271:
2267:
2266:Asia One News
2263:
2257:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2192:
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2089:
2081:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2023:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1769:
1755:. August 2010
1754:
1750:
1744:
1730:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1685:
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1656:
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1644:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1583:
1581:9781848136113
1577:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1518:
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1506:
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1479:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1424:
1423:The Economist
1420:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1398:
1394:
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1386:
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1372:
1368:
1361:
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1266:
1251:
1245:
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1230:
1216:
1215:j.ctt46n76g.8
1212:
1208:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1094:Rentier state
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1034:Dutch disease
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
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992:
990:
987:
986:
979:
977:
974:
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960:
958:
954:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
925:
923:
918:
914:
910:
906:
905:Boris Johnson
902:
898:
897:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:United States
851:
846:
837:
835:
831:
826:
822:
821:imperialistic
818:
814:
813:
800:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
755:
754:Canto General
746:
742:
739:In his poem "
737:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
698:
695:
687:
677:
673:
669:
663:
662:
658:
653:This section
651:
647:
642:
641:
633:
631:
626:
621:
610:
608:
604:
600:
599:birth defects
596:
592:
588:
578:
564:
563:(1991â1993).
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
543:
542:puppet-master
538:
536:
535:assassination
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:geo-political
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:Jacobo Ărbenz
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
460:
458:
454:
450:
449:Honduran Army
446:
441:
438:
434:
433:external debt
430:
425:
422:
418:
414:
413:Great Britain
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:
387:
385:
384:Lee Christmas
381:
377:
369:
368:Lee Christmas
364:
355:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
305:Caribbean Sea
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
232:
228:
225:
221:
211:
209:
203:
202:from a bank.
201:
197:
196:United States
193:
192:
187:
179:
178:
172:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
127:cultivation.
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:working class
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:
49:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2510:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2470:. Retrieved
2468:. 2023-03-05
2465:
2456:
2437:
2431:
2422:
2416:
2407:
2401:
2392:
2386:
2374:. Retrieved
2369:
2358:
2347:. Retrieved
2326:
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2296:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2235:
2231:
2221:
2212:
2206:
2198:The National
2197:
2191:
2183:Counterpunch
2182:
2176:
2168:The Guardian
2167:
2161:
2150:
2139:
2116:
2108:The Guardian
2107:
2101:
2093:
2088:
2068:
2061:
2041:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:
1996:
1984:. Retrieved
1979:
1970:
1940:(1): 13â30.
1937:
1933:
1923:
1912:. Retrieved
1910:. 2016-09-02
1907:
1899:
1858:
1848:
1817:
1811:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1778:
1768:
1757:. Retrieved
1752:
1743:
1732:. Retrieved
1708:
1700:
1659:
1653:
1643:
1632:. Retrieved
1604:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1570:
1563:
1552:. Retrieved
1524:
1477:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1407:
1400:
1385:
1366:
1360:
1346:(3): 36â46.
1343:
1339:
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1312:
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1283:the original
1278:
1253:. Retrieved
1237:
1229:
1218:. Retrieved
1178:
1171:
1141:
1099:Rent-seeking
1089:Puppet state
1039:Failed state
1009:Client state
966:
955:stated that
953:Paul Keating
947:
931:
894:
892:
879:Pearl Harbor
860:
810:
808:
777:
770:
759:Pablo Neruda
752:
751:In his book
750:
745:Pablo Neruda
740:
705:
690:
684:October 2022
681:
666:Please help
654:
625:job security
620:labour union
616:
583:
539:
484:
466:
442:
428:
426:
420:
405:private army
390:
388:
376:Sam Zemurray
373:
352:
317:
312:
294:
271:
240:Henry Meiggs
226:
217:
204:
200:embezzlement
189:
185:
183:
175:
129:
108:
52:
51:
45:
35:
2577:Commodities
2557:Banana Wars
2297:Interaksyon
1824:: 574â617.
1749:"Guatemala"
1717:. pp.
1313:Vanity Fair
1149:. pp.
1064:Narco-state
1049:Kleptocracy
999:Banana Wars
989:Absurdistan
939:Philippines
909:David Davis
815:(1967), by
607:infertility
453:U.S. Consul
445:U.S. dollar
429:coup d'Ă©tat
421:coup d'Ă©tat
392:coup d'Ă©tat
332:New Orleans
309:Tegucigalpa
50:, the term
34:The phrase
2536:Categories
2472:2023-03-17
2466:The Nation
2349:2014-03-19
2007:The Nation
1914:2022-06-30
1791:11 January
1759:2022-06-30
1734:2016-05-14
1670:: 185â87.
1634:2016-05-14
1554:2016-12-11
1255:2016-05-14
1220:2024-01-16
1121:References
1074:Petrostate
976:Imran Khan
809:The novel
591:pesticides
572:Pesticides
567:Modern era
437:investment
401:deposition
336:legalistic
252:Costa Rica
144:monopolies
121:plantation
103:by way of
97:plutocracy
86:stratified
2246:7 January
1954:0165-1110
1883:0048-9697
1753:LandLinks
1692:220724414
1534:Canongate
1530:Edinburgh
1390:Big Fruit
1004:Caciquism
957:Australia
883:territory
763:corporate
655:does not
587:Cavendish
480:sugarcane
468:Guatemala
463:Guatemala
227:Telegraph
174:Cover of
166:Etymology
156:banknotes
117:kickbacks
113:oligarchy
66:Guatemala
2567:O. Henry
2343:Archived
2307:19 March
2301:Archived
2276:19 March
2270:Archived
2240:Archived
1891:28962073
1785:Archived
1628:Archived
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