236:
1392:
Dalit Chuhra caste. The
Chuhras were the largest menial caste in Punjab and engaged in degrading occupations including sweeping and sanitation work. By the 1930s, almost the entire Chuhra caste converted to Protestant Christianity. In 1947, during the partition of India, the majority of Chuhra converts in Punjab became part of the Protestant community in Pakistan. After Partition, many uneducated Chuhras were confined to menial jobs in the sanitation industry. Today, the stigma of Dalit ancestry is a distinct feature of social discrimination against Chuhra Christians in Pakistan.
472:. Just like their Hindu brethren they continued with their traditional caste work. In India the caste system was fully observed by Muslims. In the same way that Hindu Chuhras who were barred from entrance to temples in historical times, Muslim Chuhras are still today barred from entrance to mosques and never allowed to go past the outside steps to Muslim religious places. The Untouchability even extended after death; Chuhras were to bury their dead in separate graveyards away from other Muslims.
1391:
This study explores caste discrimination in
Pakistan against untouchable (Dalit) converts to Christianity. During the nineteenth century in India, many Dalits converted to Christianity to escape caste persecution. In the 1870s in Punjab, a mass movement to Protestant Christianity flourished among the
1317:
Islam, Sikhism, and
Christianity represented viable alternatives for the Chuhras, siphoning off a sizable portion of the Hindu population. In 1901, 934,553 Chuhras were registered as Hindus; by 1931, that number had dwindled to about one-third (368,224 people). The socioeconomic factors that prompted
1035:
In a similar way, 'Chuhras' are often called 'Bhangi', especially in urban areas. ... Today, although not all 'Bhangis' worship
Bhagwan Valmik, and by no means all Valmikis were originally called 'Bhangi', the two terms are often used interchangeably. ... 'Valmiki' is explained as 'the now usually
1425:
For one thing , there were a good number of Chuhra
Muslims who were called Musallis and may or may not have been accepted by others as fellow Muslims. Similarly , Chuhra Sikhs were called Mazhabi Sikhs and were generally kept at a distance by other Sikhs, despite being quite scrupulous in their
416:
Chuhra, "Hindu" Chuhra, Musali (Muslim Chuhra), Mazhabi (Sikh Chuhra), Ad-Dharmi, Christian Chuhra, or simply
Christian ... It is certain that a large majority of the 391,270 Indian Christians enumerated in Punjab were Chuhras – that is, the most stigmatized minority in the
2498:
are invariably defined by caste: either they are grouped together as 'untouchable' (or by a similarly demeaning label, such as 'Chuhra-Chamar') or they are marginalized as a sub-category of the religious tradition in question, such as 'Achut' ('untouchable') Hindu or 'Mazhabi'
448:. Despite placing great emphasis on social equality and brotherhood among all Muslims, early South Asian Muslims did not address the problem of untouchability for the Chuhras or Bhangis. As a result, only a very few members from this community ever embraced
425:
becoming archaic. It is often considered pejorative and applied to almost all of the
Christians in the country, whom John O'Brien describes as "descended from one tribe-caste of oppressed and excluded people". The status of the Christian Chuhra as
1677:
In the same census, 3,152 Punjabis gave 'Balmiki' as their religion (Khan 1933, II : 277): their caste is not revealed, but Hutton (1933, I : 499) reporting on the same census shows
Chuhras in Baluchistan returning themselves as "Hindu
411:
became increasingly confused regarding Chuhra Dalits' religious beliefs because the respondents were allowed to choose their designation. Jeffrey Cox says that in the 1920s and 1930s they described themselves variously as
282:
by the
Bhangis. The word Bhangi is derived from Bhanga which means broken. The Bhangi community claims that they were made to sweep the floor and do other menial jobs when they refused to convert into
2410:
Ibbetson (1916) records several Chuhra tribes (divisions), namely
Sahotra, Gil, Bhatti, Mattu, Kharu, Kaliyana, Ladhar, Sindhu, Chhapriband, Untwal, Kandabari, Hansi, Khosar, Borat and Dhariwal.
2743:
1777:
Ahmadi and Christian Socio-Political Responses to Pakistan's Blasphemy Laws: A Comparison, Contrast and Critique with Special Reference to the Christian Church in Pakistan
452:, most converting to Christianity. Chuhras adopted the externals of Islam by keeping Muslim names, observing Ramadan and burial of the dead. However, they never underwent
669:
Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Korar, Zadmalli,Barwashia, Barwasia, Jamphoda, Zampada, Zampda, Rushi, Valmiki
2736:
313:
drew the majority to mainstream Hinduism while conversions similarly happened to Islam, Christianity, and Sikhism in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
1659:
The Chuhras are divided into four religious orders, the Hindu - Balmiki or Lalbegi, the Muslim - Watal , the Sikh - Mazhabi and the Christian Chuhra.
1598:
Objects of Worship in South Asian Religions: Forms, Practices and Meanings, edited by Knut A. Jacobsen, Mikael Aktor, Kristina Myrvold, pp. 143-162
1439:
2729:
3699:
362:
3754:
2541:
1207:
Pauline Kolenda did field research among Chuhras in the village of Khalapur in north-western Uttar Pradesh shortly before Dr. Ambedkar died.
2599:
Religious Transformation in South Asia : The Meanings of Conversion in Colonial Punjab: The Meanings of Conversion in Colonial Punjab
421:
In what is now Pakistan, the conversions to Christianity and consequent invention of a new identity were largely responsible for the name
3769:
3694:
3719:
3709:
3679:
3714:
3734:
3146:
3739:
823:
Counted as Majhabi, Bhangi, Chura, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Valmiki, Korar, Zadmalli
2528:
The term chuhra-chamar (scavenger and tanner) is freely employed by landlords belonging to the Jat community to refer to Dalits.
3779:
3749:
3744:
439:
1593:
2889:
2712:
2691:
2670:
2649:
2628:
2607:
2487:
2435:
1842:
1818:
1784:
1759:
1730:
1703:
1652:
1627:
1537:
1418:
1359:
1310:
1267:
1200:
1172:
1143:
1116:
1084:
1059:
456:. Only a few cases of circumcision have ever been recorded for Chuhras or Bhangis and these were Chuhras who lived very near
408:
370:
131:
3784:
3704:
3689:
3669:
2567:
382:
3764:
3759:
3729:
3774:
3724:
3684:
1924:
1231:
2462:
2403:
2014:
1497:
404:
2049:
2045:
1748:"The Quest for Pakistani Christian Identity: A Narrative of Religious Other as Liberative Comparative Ecclesiology"
1907:
Leslie, J.(2003) Authority and Meaning in Indian Religions: Hinduism and the Case of Valmiki. Ashgate publishing.
320:, the Balmiki Sabha was created to advocate for the rights of the Chuhras. The Balmiki Sabha was applauded by the
2195:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Jammu & Kashmir - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
1483:
400:
1912:
1791:
Likewise, Chuhras were not accepted fully in Islam by their Muslim co-religionists: they were distinguished as
1108:
1028:
2182:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Himachal Pradesh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
1036:
preferred name for the Bhangi or community which follows the teachings of the saint Valmiki' (1998: xii, xvi).
2234:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Madhya Pradesh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
767:
Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Korar, Zadmalli, Hela
2338:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Uttar Pradesh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2721:
2130:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, NCT of Delhi - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2117:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Chhattisgarh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2351:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, West Bengal - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2325:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Uttarakhand - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2247:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Maharashtra - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2104:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Chandigarh - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2683:
The Bhangi: A Sweeper Caste, Its Socio-economic Portraits : with Special Reference to Jodhpur City
2299:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Rajasthan - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2221:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Karnataka - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2208:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Jharkhand - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
1858:
1333:
392:
1883:
581:
In the Joint State of Andhara Pradesh during the 2011 census, the Valmiki caste had been counted as a
2983:
2312:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Mizoram - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2260:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Mizoram - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2169:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Haryana - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2156:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Gujarat - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
739:
Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Olgana, Rukhi, Malkana, Halalkhor, Lalbegi, Balmiki, Korar, Zadmalli
2286:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Punjab - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
2273:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Odisha - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
1426:
observances as well as giving up polluting work (carrying night soil) and habits (eating carrion)...
2091:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Bihar - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
321:
3674:
2512:
2427:
2395:
2143:
SC-14: Scheduled caste population by religious community, Goa - 2011 (2021) India. Available at:
1695:
1619:
1164:
17:
1969:
Caste,Class and Social Articulation in Andhra Pradesh:Mapping Differential Regional Trajectories
1379:
1091:
The Chuhras and Bhangis are both Dalit castes, whose 'traditional occupation' has been sweeping.
1925:"A-10 Individual Scheduled Caste Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix - Uttar Pradesh"
1810:
Bhangi, Scavenger in Indian Society: Marginality, Identity, and Politicization of the Community
1135:
Bhangi, Scavenger in Indian Society: Marginality, Identity, and Politicization of the Community
121:
2004:
1808:
1720:
1555:"The killing of Bala Shah and the birth of Valmiki: Hinduisation and the politics of religion"
235:
3524:
2452:
1747:
1554:
1133:
1049:
1515:
Scheduled Castes and the Struggle Against Inequality: Strategies to Empower the Marginalised
2516:
2072:"A-11 Appendix: District wise scheduled tribe population (Appendix), Andhra Pradesh - 2011"
1947:"A-11 Appendix: District wise scheduled tribe population (Appendix), Andhra Pradesh - 2011"
512:
493:
138:
2071:
1946:
8:
2947:
2352:
2339:
2326:
2313:
2300:
2287:
2274:
2261:
2248:
2235:
2222:
2209:
2196:
2183:
2170:
2157:
2144:
2131:
2118:
2105:
2092:
2542:"The language curse: How proud community names have been reduced to insults in Pakistan"
519:
showed the Balmiki population, which was classified as a Scheduled Caste, as 1,319,241.
523:
549:
In the UK, the Council of Valmiki Sabhas UK was established to represent the Balmiki.
522:
The Balmikis represent 0.08 per cent in Andhra Pradesh and are mainly concentrated in
2708:
2687:
2666:
2645:
2624:
2603:
2483:
2458:
2431:
2424:
Religious Transformation in South Asia: The Meanings of Conversion in Colonial Punjab
2399:
2010:
1908:
1838:
1814:
1780:
1755:
1726:
1699:
1648:
1623:
1574:
1533:
1493:
1489:
1467:
The sweeper or scavenger caste of Punjab is called the Chuhra, a corruption of Sudra.
1414:
1355:
1306:
1263:
1227:
1196:
1168:
1139:
1112:
1080:
1055:
1024:
1017:
185:
1179:
The Balmiki (SC) in Haryana are also known as Valmiki, Chuhra, Lal Begi or Khakrobe.
3569:
3559:
3423:
3418:
3408:
3235:
3091:
3036:
3021:
2879:
2836:
2813:
1566:
527:
464:
as their prophet and also continued observing traditional Hindu festivals, such as
427:
258:
224:
220:
1246:) group converted from Hinduism rather than from Islam or local religious systems.
227:
of the Chuhra caste; other Chuhras practice Islam or continue to follow Hinduism.
3529:
3345:
3151:
3041:
2871:
2702:
2681:
2660:
2639:
2618:
2597:
1987:
1318:
some Chuhras to become Muslims or Sikhs propelled others into the Christian fold.
582:
531:
497:
3648:
3486:
3448:
3390:
3365:
3285:
3166:
3096:
3086:
3056:
1570:
1485:
Women Heroes and Dalit Assertion in North India: Culture, Identity and Politics
990:
535:
501:
388:
366:
317:
302:
204:
189:
1967:
3663:
3613:
3280:
2965:
2927:
1578:
894:
516:
340:
309:
Chuhras came to syncretize elements of Hinduism, Islam and Christianity. The
287:
177:
165:
3638:
3481:
3355:
3320:
3300:
3202:
2922:
2803:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2480:
Authority and Meaning in Indian Religions: Hinduism and the Case of Valmiki
1530:
Authority and Meaning in Indian Religions: Hinduism and the Case of Valmiki
1019:
Authority and Meaning in Indian Religions: Hinduism and the Case of Valmiki
980:
481:
453:
354:
294:
279:
216:
196:
85:
1795:(little Muslims) despite the fact that Islam proclaims equality (Q.49:13).
430:
continues to be "distinct feature of social discrimination" against them.
3549:
3509:
3101:
2937:
2851:
2846:
2808:
1722:
Imperial Fault Lines: Christianity and Colonial Power in India, 1818-1940
1440:"'Untouchable' caste identity haunts Pakistani Christians like Asia Bibi"
912:
902:
457:
181:
324:
in the mid-1940s for heralding its political message among the Chuhras.
3126:
3003:
2856:
2828:
964:
310:
301:, many Chuhras converted to Sikhism, Islam and Christianity during the
203:, many Chuhras converted to Sikhism, Islam and Christianity during the
2006:
The Festival of Pirs: Popular Islam and Shared Devotion in South India
215:, which incorporates elements of Sikhism in its practices, as well as
3456:
3375:
3295:
3031:
2897:
920:
543:
344:
1594:"LÄl Beg Underground: the Passing of an "Untouchable" God"
3608:
3476:
3466:
3335:
3325:
3315:
3270:
3215:
3161:
3106:
3046:
2942:
2764:
935:
907:
461:
358:
350:
306:
298:
274:
245:
212:
200:
173:
103:
77:
2046:"Memorandum submitted by Central Valmiki Sabha International (UK)"
1238:
For example, 90 to 95% of Pakistani Christians are Punjabi of the
3577:
3461:
3305:
3250:
3210:
3081:
2957:
2907:
2861:
2772:
985:
890:
The following are sub-castes of the Balmiki/Bhangi/Chuhra caste:
697:
Counted as Balmiki, Bhangi, Chuhra, Chura, Chuhre and Mazhabi
539:
269:
265:
240:
208:
117:
89:
57:
52:
3643:
3628:
3623:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3519:
3504:
3496:
3428:
3413:
3385:
3370:
3360:
3350:
3340:
3310:
3290:
3275:
3265:
3260:
3245:
3240:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3194:
3184:
3176:
3116:
3111:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3026:
3011:
2993:
2975:
2932:
2917:
2912:
2798:
2780:
2662:
Peasants in India's Non-Violent Revolution: Practice and Theory
968:
949:
930:
925:
480:
Chuhras who converted from Hinduism to Sikhism became known as
465:
396:
254:
180:
in India, among other parts of the Indian subcontinent such as
3633:
3618:
3603:
3598:
3582:
3514:
3438:
3433:
3400:
3395:
3380:
3330:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3121:
3016:
2988:
2818:
2790:
2760:
1989:
All India anthropometric survey: analysis of data. South Zone
1411:
Religion and Dalit Liberation: An Examination of Perspectives
1193:
Religion and Dalit Liberation: An Examination of Perspectives
1051:
Hindi schedule Literature and the Politics of Representation
505:
449:
283:
188:, a "polluting" occupation that caused them to be considered
169:
161:
107:
99:
81:
64:
31:
1285:
Cultural Anthropology: Tribes, States, and the Global System
1105:
Divine Passions: The Social Construction of Emotion in India
683:
Counted as Balmiki, Chura, Bhangi, Mazhabi and Mazhabi Sikh
3554:
3471:
3255:
3156:
3051:
2841:
1075:
Robinson, Rowena; Kujur, Joseph Marianus (17 August 2010).
469:
444:
Chuhras who converted from Hinduism to Islam were known as
207:. Today, Chuhras in Indian Punjab are largely followers of
164:
caste in India and Pakistan. Populated regions include the
2620:
Rethinking State Politics in India: Regions Within Regions
809:
Counted as Mazhabi, Mazhabi Sikh, Balmiki, Chuhra, Bhangi
2454:
Committees and Commissions in India, 1947-73: 1979 (2 v.)
1077:
Margins of Faith: Dalit and Tribal Christianity in India
2568:"Pakistani politician draws censure for Christian slur"
2353:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2122
2340:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2114
2327:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2110
2314:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2119
2301:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2113
2288:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2108
2275:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2124
2262:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2118
2249:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2130
2236:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2126
2223:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2132
2210:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2123
2197:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2106
2184:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2107
2171:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2111
2158:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2127
2145:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2133
2132:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2112
2119:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2125
2106:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2109
2093:
https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/2115
1985:
1380:"Dalit Christians and Caste Consciousness in Pakistan"
627:
Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Balmiki, Lalbegi, Dharkar
2494:
As a result, whatever their chosen religion, Panjabi
1692:
Christianity in India: From Beginnings to the Present
1413:. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 16.
1260:
Manual Scavenging in India: A Disgrace to the Country
1195:. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 76.
753:
Counted as Bhangi, Mehtar, Balmik, Lalbegi, Dharkar
504:
and were the second-most populous Scheduled Caste in
1927:. Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
963:The locution "Chuhra-Chamar" is used derisively by
879:Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Mehtor, Bhangi, Balmiki
1373:
1371:
1016:
3661:
2701:Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E., eds. (2014).
1837:. Institute of Sikh Studies. 1997. p. 335.
1378:Singha, Sara; Ariel, Glucklich (23 April 2015).
1068:
1859:"Punjab: Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes"
1559:The Indian Economic & Social History Review
1368:
2637:
2450:
1992:. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 37.
1884:"Delhi: Data Highlights: The Scheduled Castes"
1506:
1477:
1475:
1404:
1402:
1400:
967:to refer to both Dalit castes, the Chuhra and
353:, the majority of Hindu Chuhras belong to the
2737:
2385:
2383:
2381:
1673:Beyond the Village: Sociological Explorations
1287:(5th ed.). Rowman Altamira. p. 315.
1251:
1074:
613:Counted as Mazhabi, Balmiki, Chura or Bhangi
373:thus recorded themselves as "Hindu Balmiki".
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
1664:
1296:
1294:
1010:
1008:
1006:
253:The word "Chuhra" is derived from the word "
2700:
2638:Kuortti, Joel; Valmīki, Omaprakasa (2003).
2415:
1745:
1472:
1397:
1377:
1343:
496:, the Balmikis formed 11.2 per cent of the
2744:
2730:
2471:
2457:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 42.
2422:Harding, Christopher (18 September 2008).
1725:. Stanford University Press. p. 122.
1689:
1521:
1512:
1262:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 28.
1257:
1184:
711:Counted as Chura, Bhangi, Balmiki, Mehtar
2658:
2444:
2358:
1636:
1431:
1328:
1326:
1291:
1003:
2679:
2504:
2002:
1690:Frykenberg, Robert Eric (26 June 2008).
1670:
1647:. Oxford University Press. p. 380.
1609:
1607:
1354:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 87=88.
1305:. Oxford University Press. p. 562.
1152:
234:
230:
2595:
2421:
1552:
1481:
1460:
1408:
1349:
1190:
268:(also known as Lal Beg or Balashah), a
223:90ā95% of its Christian population are
14:
3662:
2477:
2029:
2023:
1806:
1774:
1675:. Indian Institute of Advanced Study.
1527:
1517:. Indian Social Institute. p. 17.
1323:
1282:
1217:
1215:
1131:
1014:
440:Caste system among South Asian Muslims
3700:Scheduled Castes of Jammu and Kashmir
2725:
2616:
2389:
1642:
1613:
1604:
1437:
1350:Mannion, Gerard (25 September 2008).
1300:
1226:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 25.
1158:
1102:
3755:Scheduled Castes of Himachal Pradesh
2565:
2510:
1775:Julius, Qaiser (30 September 2017).
1465:. Ess Ess Publications. p. 10.
1463:Caste, Tribes & Culture of India
1221:
1047:
958:
585:instead of a Scheduled Caste.
383:Caste system among Indian Christians
2704:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies
1835:Sikhism, Its Philosophy and History
1754:. A & C Black. pp. 78ā79.
1718:
1591:
1212:
399:between the 1870s and 1930s in the
24:
3770:Scheduled Castes of Madhya Pradesh
3695:Scheduled Castes of Andhra Pradesh
2589:
2539:
2478:Leslie, Julia (22 November 2017).
1813:. M.D. Publications. p. 128.
1528:Leslie, Julia (22 November 2017).
1482:Narayan, Badri (7 November 2006).
1023:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 49.
376:
184:. Their traditional occupation is
25:
3796:
3720:Scheduled Castes of Uttar Pradesh
3710:Scheduled Castes of Daman and Diu
3680:Christian communities of Pakistan
2003:Mohammad, Afsar (December 2013).
1986:J. Sreenath; S. H. Ahmad (1989).
1553:Prashad, Vijay (September 1995).
1461:Bahadur, Krishna Prakash (1977).
1303:A History of Christian Conversion
1138:. M.D. Publications. p. 17.
405:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
369:, the majority of Chuhras in the
278:and who is worshipped as a Hindu
27:Dalit caste in India and Pakistan
3715:Scheduled Castes of Chhattisgarh
795:Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Bhangi
725:Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Bhangi
599:Counted as Hari, Mehtar, Bhangi
211:. A minority continue to follow
3735:Scheduled Castes of Uttarakhand
2559:
2533:
2392:The Scheduled Castes, Volume 10
2345:
2332:
2319:
2306:
2293:
2280:
2267:
2254:
2241:
2228:
2215:
2202:
2189:
2176:
2163:
2150:
2137:
2124:
2111:
2098:
2085:
2064:
2038:
2032:Hinduism Today: An Introduction
1996:
1979:
1960:
1939:
1917:
1901:
1889:. Census India. 2001. p. 1
1876:
1851:
1827:
1800:
1768:
1739:
1712:
1683:
1585:
1546:
1454:
1438:Aqeel, Asif (1 November 2018).
1276:
851:Counted as Mazhabi and Balmiki
487:
264:The Bhangis claim descent from
239:The Chuhras claim descent from
30:For the Islamic principle, see
3740:Scheduled Castes of Tamil Nadu
2513:"Social boycotts, segregation"
2511:Kaur, Naunidhi (21 May 2004).
1301:Kling, David W. (5 May 2020).
1125:
1109:University of California Press
1096:
1041:
538:. They also built a temple of
334:
329:
13:
1:
3780:Scheduled Castes of Meghalaya
3750:Scheduled Castes of Jharkhand
3745:Scheduled Castes of Karnataka
2617:Kumar, Ashutosh, ed. (2012).
2596:Harding, Christopher (2008).
996:
885:
506:Delhi National Capital Region
475:
460:. The Chuhras did not accept
305:. The faith practiced by the
2390:Singh, Kumar Suresh (1995).
2355:(Accessed: 24 August 2024).
2342:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2329:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2316:(Accessed: 24 August 2024).
2303:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2290:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2277:(Accessed: 24 August 2024).
2264:(Accessed: 24 August 2024).
2251:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2238:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2225:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2212:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2199:(Accessed: 24 August 2024).
2186:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2173:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2160:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2147:(Accessed: 24 August 2024).
2134:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2121:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2108:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
2095:(Accessed: 17 August 2024).
1752:Church and Religious 'Other'
1750:. In Mannion, Gerard (ed.).
1592:Lee, Joel (1 January 2014).
1409:Webster, John C. B. (2002).
1352:Church and Religious 'Other'
1191:Webster, John C. B. (2002).
641:Counted as Chuhra (Balmiki)
7:
3785:Scheduled Castes of Mizoram
3705:Scheduled Castes of Gujarat
3690:Scheduled Castes of Haryana
3670:Dalit Christian communities
2707:. Oxford University Press.
2659:Mukherjee, Mridula (2004).
2602:. Oxford University Press.
2009:. Oxford University Press.
974:
433:
393:conversions to Christianity
10:
3801:
3765:Scheduled Castes of Odisha
3760:Scheduled Castes of Punjab
3730:Scheduled Castes of Kerala
1571:10.1177/001946469503200301
1258:Srivastava, B. N. (1997).
781:Counted as Mehtar, Bhangi
437:
380:
338:
29:
3775:Scheduled Castes of Bihar
3725:Scheduled Castes of Assam
3685:Scheduled Castes of Delhi
3591:
3568:
3495:
3447:
3193:
3175:
3002:
2974:
2956:
2888:
2870:
2827:
2789:
2771:
2482:. Routledge. p. 69.
2050:United Kingdom Parliament
1671:Saberwal, Satish (1972).
1532:. Routledge. p. 51.
1513:Kananaikil, Jose (1983).
1079:. SAGE Publishing India.
1054:. Routledge. p. 76.
1048:Hunt, Sarah Beth (2014).
655:Counted as Bhangi (Hadi)
409:censuses of British India
293:Originally following the
195:Originally following the
137:
127:
113:
95:
73:
63:
51:
46:
41:
2030:Jacobs, Stephen (2010).
322:Indian National Congress
132:Scheduled Caste category
2641:Joothan: A Dalit's Life
2451:Virendra Kumar (1975).
2428:Oxford University Press
2396:Oxford University Press
1696:Oxford University Press
1620:Oxford University Press
1165:Oxford University Press
1103:Lynch, Owen M. (1990).
139:Reservation (Education)
1779:. Langham Publishing.
1746:O'Brien, John (2008).
1283:Bodley, J. H. (2011).
1224:Christianities in Asia
419:
391:, there were waves of
250:
2686:. Popular Prakashan.
2644:. Popular Prakashan.
1807:Sharma, Rana (1995).
1719:Cox, Jeffrey (2002).
1643:Singh, K. S. (1995).
1614:Singh, K. S. (1995).
1442:. World Watch Monitor
1159:Singh, K. S. (1998).
1132:Sharma, Rana (1995).
414:
395:among the Chuhra and
381:Further information:
339:Further information:
303:colonial era in India
238:
231:Etymology and history
205:colonial era in India
192:in the caste system.
1975:, Osmania University
1645:The Scheduled Castes
1616:The Scheduled Castes
702:Jammu & Kashmir
513:2011 Census of India
494:2001 Census of India
363:Baluchistan Province
1222:Phan, P.C. (2011).
1161:India's Communities
1015:Leslie, J. (2003).
865:Counted as Balmiki
261:in Indian society.
2566:Chaudhry, Kamran.
2052:. 12 November 2009
2034:. A & C Black.
837:Counted as Mehtor
564:Population %
546:, Andhra Pradesh.
371:1931 Indian Census
251:
243:, composer of the
3657:
3656:
2984:Gurjara-Pratihara
2714:978-0-19969-930-8
2693:978-8-17154-550-6
2680:Shyamlal (1992).
2672:978-0-76199-686-6
2651:978-8-18560-463-3
2630:978-1-13670-400-0
2609:978-0-19156-333-1
2489:978-1-351-77299-0
2437:978-0-19-954822-4
1844:978-81-85815-03-9
1820:978-8-18588-070-9
1786:978-1-78368-329-1
1761:978-0-56703-286-7
1732:978-0-80474-318-1
1705:978-0-19-826377-7
1654:978-0-19-563742-7
1629:978-0-19-563742-7
1539:978-1-351-77299-0
1490:SAGE Publications
1420:978-81-7304-327-7
1361:978-0-567-04726-7
1312:978-0-19-991092-2
1269:978-81-7022-639-0
1202:978-81-7304-327-7
1174:978-0-19-563354-2
1145:978-8-18588-070-9
1118:978-0-520-30467-3
1086:978-93-86042-93-4
1061:978-1-31755-952-8
959:Use as an epithet
883:
882:
688:Himachal Pradesh
492:According to the
272:who composed the
147:
146:
16:(Redirected from
3792:
2890:Scheduled Castes
2837:Yaduvanshi Ahirs
2746:
2739:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2697:
2676:
2655:
2634:
2613:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2540:Khalid, Haroon.
2537:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2387:
2356:
2349:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2284:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2232:
2226:
2219:
2213:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2180:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2154:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2102:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1921:
1915:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1864:. Census I. 2001
1863:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1406:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1022:
1012:
555:
554:
428:Dalit Christians
225:Dalit Christians
221:Pakistani Punjab
152:, also known as
39:
38:
21:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3587:
3564:
3491:
3443:
3189:
3171:
2998:
2970:
2952:
2884:
2866:
2823:
2785:
2767:
2750:
2715:
2694:
2673:
2652:
2631:
2610:
2592:
2590:Further reading
2587:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2538:
2534:
2521:
2519:
2509:
2505:
2490:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2398:. p. 108.
2388:
2359:
2350:
2346:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2320:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2294:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2268:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2242:
2233:
2229:
2220:
2216:
2207:
2203:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2177:
2168:
2164:
2155:
2151:
2142:
2138:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2112:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2001:
1997:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1805:
1801:
1787:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1698:. p. 240.
1688:
1684:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1622:. p. 109.
1612:
1605:
1590:
1586:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1526:
1522:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1480:
1473:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1436:
1432:
1421:
1407:
1398:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1313:
1299:
1292:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1256:
1252:
1234:
1220:
1213:
1203:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1167:. p. 234.
1157:
1153:
1146:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1111:. p. 121.
1101:
1097:
1087:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1046:
1042:
1031:
1013:
1004:
999:
977:
961:
888:
744:Madhya Pradesh
583:Scheduled Tribe
572:Andhra Pradesh
552:
498:Scheduled Caste
490:
478:
442:
436:
401:Punjab Province
385:
379:
377:In Christianity
347:
337:
332:
233:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3798:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3675:Punjabi tribes
3672:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3449:Mohyal Brahmin
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2677:
2671:
2656:
2650:
2635:
2629:
2614:
2608:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2558:
2532:
2503:
2488:
2470:
2463:
2443:
2436:
2430:. p. 39.
2414:
2404:
2357:
2344:
2331:
2318:
2305:
2292:
2279:
2266:
2253:
2240:
2227:
2214:
2201:
2188:
2175:
2162:
2149:
2136:
2123:
2110:
2097:
2084:
2063:
2037:
2022:
2015:
1995:
1978:
1959:
1938:
1916:
1900:
1875:
1850:
1843:
1826:
1819:
1799:
1785:
1767:
1760:
1738:
1731:
1711:
1704:
1682:
1663:
1653:
1635:
1628:
1603:
1584:
1565:(3): 287ā325.
1545:
1538:
1520:
1505:
1498:
1492:. p. 65.
1471:
1453:
1430:
1419:
1396:
1367:
1360:
1342:
1322:
1311:
1290:
1275:
1268:
1250:
1233:978-1405160896
1232:
1211:
1201:
1183:
1173:
1151:
1144:
1124:
1117:
1095:
1085:
1067:
1060:
1040:
1029:
1001:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
993:
991:Dalit theology
988:
983:
976:
973:
960:
957:
956:
955:
952:
947:
944:
941:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
915:
910:
905:
900:
897:
887:
884:
881:
880:
877:
874:
871:
867:
866:
863:
860:
857:
856:Uttar Pradesh
853:
852:
849:
846:
843:
839:
838:
835:
832:
829:
825:
824:
821:
818:
815:
811:
810:
807:
804:
801:
797:
796:
793:
790:
787:
783:
782:
779:
776:
773:
769:
768:
765:
762:
759:
755:
754:
751:
748:
745:
741:
740:
737:
734:
731:
727:
726:
723:
720:
717:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
699:
698:
695:
692:
689:
685:
684:
681:
678:
675:
671:
670:
667:
664:
661:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
643:
642:
639:
636:
633:
629:
628:
625:
622:
619:
615:
614:
611:
608:
605:
601:
600:
597:
594:
591:
587:
586:
579:
576:
573:
569:
568:
565:
562:
559:
536:Andhra Pradesh
500:population in
489:
486:
477:
474:
438:Main article:
435:
432:
389:colonial India
378:
375:
367:colonial India
336:
333:
331:
328:
318:colonial India
257:", one of the
232:
229:
182:southern India
145:
144:
141:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
115:
111:
110:
97:
93:
92:
75:
71:
70:
67:
61:
60:
55:
49:
48:
47:ą¤ą„ą¤¹ą¤”ą¤¼ą¤¾ ŚŁŁŪŁŚŲ§
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3797:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
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2757:social groups
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2753:Ethnic groups
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2623:. Routledge.
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2094:
2088:
2073:
2067:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2033:
2026:
2018:
2016:9780199997596
2012:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1948:
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1926:
1920:
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1910:
1904:
1885:
1879:
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943:Sahotra/Sotra
942:
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648:
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640:
637:
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632:NCT of Delhi
631:
630:
626:
623:
620:
618:Chhattisgarh
617:
616:
612:
609:
606:
603:
602:
598:
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584:
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563:
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550:
547:
545:
541:
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534:districts of
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
517:Uttar Pradesh
514:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
485:
483:
482:Mazhabi Sikhs
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
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418:
413:
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406:
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398:
394:
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384:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
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352:
346:
342:
341:Valmiki caste
327:
325:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
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206:
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198:
193:
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187:
183:
179:
178:Uttar Pradesh
176:, as well as
175:
171:
167:
166:Punjab region
163:
159:
155:
151:
142:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
123:
119:
116:
112:
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105:
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83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
66:
62:
59:
56:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2923:Mazhabi Sikh
2902:
2703:
2682:
2661:
2640:
2619:
2598:
2577:28 September
2575:. Retrieved
2571:
2561:
2551:28 September
2549:. Retrieved
2545:
2535:
2527:
2520:. Retrieved
2506:
2495:
2493:
2479:
2473:
2453:
2446:
2423:
2417:
2409:
2391:
2347:
2334:
2321:
2308:
2295:
2282:
2269:
2256:
2243:
2230:
2217:
2204:
2191:
2178:
2165:
2152:
2139:
2126:
2113:
2100:
2087:
2075:. Retrieved
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2040:
2031:
2025:
2005:
1998:
1988:
1981:
1968:
1962:
1950:. Retrieved
1941:
1929:. Retrieved
1919:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1853:
1834:
1829:
1809:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1776:
1770:
1751:
1741:
1721:
1714:
1691:
1685:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1658:
1644:
1638:
1615:
1597:
1587:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1529:
1523:
1514:
1508:
1484:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1444:. Retrieved
1433:
1424:
1410:
1390:
1385:22 September
1383:. Retrieved
1351:
1345:
1316:
1302:
1284:
1278:
1259:
1253:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1223:
1206:
1192:
1186:
1178:
1160:
1154:
1134:
1127:
1104:
1098:
1090:
1076:
1070:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1018:
981:Mazhabi Sikh
962:
889:
870:West Bengal
842:Uttarakhand
758:Maharashtra
638:3.43 %
551:
548:
521:
510:
491:
488:Demographics
479:
468:, Rakhi and
454:circumcision
445:
443:
422:
420:
415:
386:
355:Balmiki sect
349:As with the
348:
326:
315:
295:Balmiki sect
292:
280:patron saint
273:
263:
252:
244:
217:Christianity
197:Balmiki sect
194:
190:untouchables
157:
153:
149:
148:
86:Christianity
36:
3510:Mair Rajput
2852:Hindu Ghosi
903:Chhapriband
604:Chandigarh
561:Population
558:State, U.T
458:Jama Masjid
335:In Hinduism
330:By religion
316:In 1932 in
3664:Categories
3127:Sial tribe
1931:4 February
1913:0754634302
1030:0754634302
997:References
965:jatt caste
886:Sub-castes
859:1,319,241
814:Rajasthan
803:3,500,874
730:Karnataka
716:Jharkhand
677:1,079,682
476:In Sikhism
311:Arya Samaj
3376:Sabharwal
3296:Khukhrain
3032:Chaudhary
2898:Ad-Dharmi
2880:Khandowya
2546:scroll.in
2522:1 October
2517:Frontline
2077:30 August
1952:30 August
1893:5 January
1868:5 January
1678:Balmiki".
1579:0019-4646
1446:3 October
921:Kandabari
544:Anantapur
524:Anantapur
417:province.
361:. In the
345:Balmikism
122:Satakarni
74:Religions
3609:Bakarwal
3570:Tarkhans
3467:Chhibber
3336:Mehrotra
3326:Malhotra
3316:Mahendru
3271:Kandhari
3216:Bhandari
3162:Warraich
3107:Randhawa
3047:Dhankhar
2948:Ravidasi
2872:Chauhans
2765:Punjabis
2665:. SAGE.
2572:UCA News
1334:"Census"
975:See also
954:Valmikis
936:Lal Begi
908:Dharival
873:431,257
845:118,421
828:Tripura
817:625,011
772:Mizoram
761:217,166
747:365,769
736:0.0086%
674:Haryana
663:439,444
660:Gujarat
635:577,281
593:207,549
462:Mohammed
434:In Islam
359:Hinduism
351:Lal Begi
307:Lal Begi
299:Hinduism
275:Ramayana
246:Ramayana
213:Hinduism
201:Hinduism
186:sweeping
174:Pakistan
104:Pakistan
78:Hinduism
3578:Panesar
3530:Chauhan
3525:Rathore
3497:Rajputs
3462:Bhimwal
3306:Khullar
3286:Khattar
3251:Gambhir
3211:Bhambri
3195:Khatris
3082:Khokhar
2976:Gurjars
2958:Gakhars
2908:Bazigar
2903:Balmiki
2862:Ranghar
2857:Aharwar
2773:Agrawal
2763:of the
1793:musalis
986:Valmiki
806:12.61%
800:Punjab
786:Odisha
719:58,242
691:35,150
624:0.074%
621:19,016
607:82,624
596:0.199%
578:0.083%
575:70,513
540:Valmiki
528:Kurnool
446:Musalis
286:during
270:Brahmin
266:Balmiki
241:Balmiki
209:Sikhism
160:, is a
158:Balmiki
154:Bhanghi
118:Valmiki
114:Lineage
96:Country
90:Sikhism
58:Harijan
18:Balmiki
3649:Shaikh
3644:Sayyid
3629:Kumhar
3624:Kamboj
3592:Others
3560:Wattoo
3545:Jamwal
3540:Jaswal
3535:Minhas
3520:Janjua
3515:Bhatti
3505:Jarral
3429:Vadera
3424:Trehan
3419:Thapar
3414:Tandon
3409:Talwar
3386:Sehgal
3371:Roshan
3361:Oberoi
3356:Nayyar
3351:Narula
3341:Nagpal
3311:Madhok
3291:Khosla
3281:Khanna
3276:Kapoor
3266:Kakkar
3261:Gujral
3246:Duggal
3241:Dhawan
3236:Chopra
3231:Chadha
3226:Bindra
3221:Bhasin
3207:Bhamba
3185:Labana
3177:Labana
3147:Tiwana
3117:Sekhon
3112:Sandhu
3102:Ranjha
3077:Kharal
3072:Kahlon
3067:Jaswal
3062:Grewal
3042:Chohan
3037:Cheema
3027:Buttar
3022:Bhutta
3012:Aulakh
2994:Baisla
2966:Kayani
2933:Mirasi
2918:Khatik
2913:Chamar
2814:Kardar
2799:Rayeen
2791:Arains
2781:Bansal
2761:tribes
2711:
2690:
2669:
2648:
2627:
2606:
2496:dalits
2486:
2461:
2434:
2402:
2056:19 May
2013:
1911:
1841:
1817:
1783:
1758:
1729:
1702:
1651:
1626:
1577:
1536:
1496:
1417:
1358:
1309:
1266:
1240:chuhra
1230:
1199:
1171:
1142:
1115:
1083:
1058:
1027:
969:Chamar
950:Untwal
946:Sindhu
931:Ladhar
926:Khosar
899:Bhatti
876:0.47%
862:0.66%
848:1.17%
831:1,851
820:0.91%
789:2,453
764:0.19%
733:5,281
722:0.17%
694:0.51%
680:4.25%
666:0.72%
610:7.82%
590:Bihar
567:Notes
532:Kadapa
502:Punjab
466:Diwali
423:Chuhra
407:. The
397:Chamar
288:Mughal
259:varnas
255:Shudra
150:Chuhra
128:Status
42:Chuhra
3639:Sansi
3634:Saini
3619:Dogar
3614:Bania
3604:Bagga
3599:Arora
3583:Sohal
3482:Mohan
3439:Vohra
3434:Vadra
3401:Sodhi
3396:Sethi
3381:Sahni
3346:Nanda
3331:Mehra
3321:Makan
3301:Kohli
3203:Anand
3152:Uppal
3142:Sohal
3137:Sodhi
3132:Sipra
3122:Sidhu
3092:Malhi
3017:Bajwa
2989:Bhati
2928:Mochi
2847:Ghosi
2842:Ahirs
2829:Ahirs
2819:Ramay
2499:Sikh.
1973:(PDF)
1887:(PDF)
1862:(PDF)
1337:(PDF)
1244:dalit
940:Mattu
917:Hansi
895:Borat
834:0.0%
792:0.0%
778:0.0%
750:0.5%
708:0.0%
705:6918
652:0.0%
450:Islam
290:era.
284:Islam
219:. In
170:India
162:Dalit
108:Nepal
100:India
82:Islam
65:Gotra
32:Shura
3555:Raja
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