22:
136:
623:
80:). In an urban area, the extent of hard surfaces (roofs, roads) means that the rainfall is dumped immediately into the drainage system. If left unchecked, this will cause widespread flooding downstream. The function of a balancing lake is to contain this surge and release it slowly. Failure to do this, especially in older settlements without separate
203:
The South Basin is designed for recreational use, mainly dinghy sailing and wind surfing, with a circumference path and banks as described above. It is linked to the North (Wildlife) Basin and can be drawn on to manage the level of the latter more finely. The North Basin has a large, undisturbed,
104:
For aesthetic and safety reasons, the system can be designed so that there is a permanent lake. A lake with an equivalent area of 1,000 by 1,000 metres will hold a million cubic metres of water for each metre of depth. Typically such a lake would have an outer earth bank of 1 metre, then a leisure
96:
At its simplest, a balancing lake can be constructed by creating a dam across a drain or stream at a convenient valley, with a restricted diameter outlet pipe through the dam. Normal flows pass through the pipe without restriction, while heavy flows create a backup, causing water levels behind the
113:
A permanent lake can provide useful recreation facilities such as sailing, windsurfing, or of wildlife. Water sports and wildlife habitats do not mix well, though a scheme can have both in linked basins where the recreational basin fills first and the wildlife basin is only used in exceptional
185:, the largest of a number designed to do so. The lake has capacity for an additional level increase of 1.3 metres, equivalent to a once in 200 years event. Unlike most of the rest of the UK, the city has separate storm and foul sewers, so sewage pollution is not a significant problem.
125:
A basin that is intended for use by wildlife and for visual amenity needs to be relatively shallow for maximum plant life. It must be designed with the assumption that it will be invoked very rarely, especially during the nesting
235:
have become naturalised and they are permanent residents. Both basins have deep ponds to maintain the fish population during droughts. The lake is managed as a public open space, receiving up to a million visits each year.
100:
More advanced systems are computer-controlled such that the entire flow of a river can be diverted into a holding lake, perhaps to reduce the impact of a large scale rainstorm in the catchment on communities downriver.
188:
Additionally, there are facilities to prevent accidental oil spills and the like from reaching the lake. As well as local storm drains, the lake's primary purpose is to intercept the
936:
25:
Priorslee Lake in
Shropshire, England. Originally known locally as the Balancing Lake, it was created to manage water run-off from the roofs and streets of
288:
204:
central island. The extensive shallows support a good crop of aquatic plants and invertebrates. Very quickly, it became a key wildfowl site.
149:
929:
118:
A recreational use facility can have relatively steep banks (perhaps with a footpath inside the bank next to the permanent lake for
1167:
1535:
922:
260:
97:
dam to rise. Over the following few days, the level subsides. This is often enough for a small housing development.
400:
2161:
547:
1692:
822:
433:
299:
2192:
2187:
2156:
1717:
325:
207:
In winter, it attracts up to 2,500 wild birds, with a wide variety of migrating waders in spring and autumn.
1858:
1808:
1702:
2136:
895:
1362:
725:
2146:
2098:
1981:
349:
122:
and safety). The water level can rise substantially without a significant increase in overall area.
2131:
1848:
1813:
1655:
612:
2141:
1833:
1598:
2083:
1941:
1492:
1377:
289:"Milton Keynes Drainage Strategy – Development and Flood Risk: Supplementary Planning Guidance"
326:"Park land: The diverse and thriving green spaces of Milton Keynes belie its bland reputation"
1921:
1768:
1730:
1179:
1118:
867:
567:
295:
76:
soaks into the ground and is released relatively slowly into watercourses (ditches, streams,
21:
2151:
1873:
1697:
1457:
1314:
1264:
1058:
791:
220:
8:
2047:
2042:
1843:
1687:
1309:
1162:
1083:
990:
832:
426:
363:
345:
2182:
2073:
1986:
1951:
1803:
1319:
1224:
1128:
1020:
953:
875:
715:
522:
502:
1793:
2052:
1891:
1883:
1823:
1783:
1672:
1487:
1249:
1239:
1025:
852:
786:
637:
527:
396:
1966:
1868:
1773:
1522:
1372:
1367:
1344:
1284:
1113:
985:
730:
497:
228:
193:
1971:
1931:
1926:
1530:
1417:
1412:
1196:
1133:
1103:
1068:
1063:
1030:
995:
966:
672:
667:
557:
487:
265:
224:
135:
46:
622:
395:
Wetlands, Industry & Wildlife: A manual of principles and practices. (1994)
200:
that tends to get saturated easily, so field run-off has always been a problem.
2032:
1916:
1778:
1763:
1650:
1635:
1630:
1590:
1570:
1482:
1324:
1304:
1269:
1201:
1186:
1093:
1015:
975:
885:
812:
796:
577:
572:
517:
419:
250:
85:
914:
2176:
2113:
2108:
2093:
2078:
2027:
2022:
1788:
1753:
1707:
1667:
1662:
1422:
1294:
1254:
1000:
980:
880:
827:
763:
682:
647:
216:
182:
181:
balancing lakes in the UK. The lake is designed to take surface run-off from
164:
151:
411:
2103:
1853:
1838:
1828:
1677:
1608:
1477:
1442:
1357:
1299:
1174:
1073:
1035:
1010:
890:
817:
652:
552:
482:
472:
330:
255:
232:
2012:
1936:
1640:
1603:
1550:
1274:
1259:
1234:
1108:
842:
692:
677:
662:
602:
507:
212:
208:
197:
189:
143:
81:
2118:
1798:
1682:
1622:
1580:
1452:
1289:
1157:
1098:
1088:
1005:
857:
847:
748:
657:
642:
607:
582:
245:
178:
119:
2088:
2037:
2007:
1976:
1906:
1818:
1575:
1462:
1447:
1387:
1334:
1329:
1229:
1152:
1142:
1040:
837:
778:
758:
753:
710:
687:
592:
542:
537:
26:
377:
1758:
1725:
1402:
1244:
1211:
768:
597:
587:
562:
532:
512:
492:
462:
73:
61:
is also used, though typically for smaller storage facilities for
2068:
2017:
1545:
1540:
1502:
1407:
1279:
1216:
862:
1863:
1735:
1560:
1555:
1507:
1497:
1467:
1392:
1147:
1078:
1050:
949:
720:
702:
446:
66:
62:
105:
path, then a 10 cm inner bank to the steady-state level.
1961:
1946:
1901:
1645:
1618:
1565:
1432:
1427:
1397:
1382:
1191:
961:
945:
740:
77:
54:
50:
1991:
1956:
1512:
1472:
1437:
903:
477:
454:
442:
139:
Willen Lake (north basin), with spill-way in the background
1911:
1352:
404:
130:
380:. Milton Keynes Natural History Society. 11 May 2021.
177:) is one of the largest (400,000 m) purpose-built
88:, can cause serious pollution as well as flooding.
2174:
944:
930:
441:
427:
937:
923:
434:
420:
45:) is a term used in the U.K. describing a
134:
20:
1536:International scale of river difficulty
2175:
283:
281:
131:Case study: Willen Lake, Milton Keynes
918:
415:
323:
278:
13:
388:
261:Sustainable urban drainage systems
16:Element of flood management system
14:
2204:
405:The Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
108:
43:Sustainable urban drainage scheme
621:
1693:Flooded grasslands and savannas
370:
356:
338:
317:
91:
1:
324:Brown, Paul (23 April 2003).
271:
53:by temporarily storing flood
1859:Universal Soil Loss Equation
1809:Hydrological transport model
1703:Storm Water Management Model
366:. Milton Keynes Parks Trust.
7:
239:
72:In open countryside, heavy
10:
2209:
1363:Antecedent drainage stream
298:. May 2004. Archived from
2127:
2099:River valley civilization
2061:
2000:
1982:Riparian-zone restoration
1882:
1744:
1716:
1617:
1589:
1521:
1343:
1210:
1127:
1049:
960:
805:
777:
739:
701:
630:
619:
453:
350:Milton Keynes Parks Trust
196:. The catchment area is
2162:Countries without rivers
2137:Rivers by discharge rate
1849:Runoff model (reservoir)
1814:Infiltration (hydrology)
613:Waste stabilization pond
1834:River Continuum Concept
1599:Agricultural wastewater
2157:River name etymologies
2084:Hydraulic civilization
1942:Floodplain restoration
1718:Point source pollution
1493:Sedimentary structures
140:
30:
2193:Stormwater management
2188:Hydraulic engineering
1769:Discharge (hydrology)
1731:Industrial wastewater
1212:Sedimentary processes
568:Salt evaporation pond
296:Milton Keynes Council
192:, a tributary of the
138:
24:
1874:Volumetric flow rate
1458:Riffle-pool sequence
823:Big fish–little pond
792:Freshwater ecosystem
726:Puddles on a surface
221:little ringed plover
165:52.05694°N 0.71944°W
2048:Whitewater kayaking
2043:Whitewater canoeing
1844:Runoff curve number
1688:Flood pulse concept
833:Constructed wetland
364:"Willen Lake Nouth"
346:"Willen Lake South"
161: /
2074:Aquatic toxicology
1987:Stream restoration
1952:Infiltration basin
1804:Hydrological model
1320:Sediment transport
1143:Estavelle/Inversac
1021:Subterranean river
716:Coffee ring effect
523:Infiltration basin
503:Facultative lagoon
407:, UK). Chapter 15.
305:on 23 October 2021
170:52.05694; -0.71944
141:
31:
2170:
2169:
2147:Whitewater rivers
2053:Whitewater slalom
1884:River engineering
1784:Groundwater model
1745:River measurement
1673:Flood forecasting
1488:Sedimentary basin
1345:Fluvial landforms
1250:Bed material load
1026:River bifurcation
912:
911:
853:Pond of Abundance
787:Aquatic ecosystem
2200:
2132:Rivers by length
1967:River morphology
1869:Wetted perimeter
1774:Drainage density
1285:Headward erosion
1114:Perennial stream
986:Blackwater river
939:
932:
925:
916:
915:
625:
498:Evaporation pond
436:
429:
422:
413:
412:
382:
381:
374:
368:
367:
360:
354:
353:
342:
336:
335:
321:
315:
314:
312:
310:
304:
293:
285:
229:northern lapwing
194:river Great Ouse
176:
175:
173:
172:
171:
166:
162:
159:
158:
157:
154:
49:used to control
2208:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2142:Drainage basins
2123:
2057:
1996:
1972:Retention basin
1932:Erosion control
1927:Detention basin
1878:
1794:Hjulström curve
1746:
1740:
1712:
1656:Non-water flood
1613:
1585:
1531:Helicoidal flow
1517:
1418:Fluvial terrace
1413:Floating island
1339:
1214:
1206:
1197:Rhythmic spring
1131:
1123:
1104:Stream gradient
1045:
1031:River ecosystem
996:Channel pattern
964:
956:
943:
913:
908:
801:
773:
735:
697:
673:Spent fuel pool
668:Reflecting pool
638:Anchialine pool
626:
617:
449:
440:
410:
391:
389:Further reading
386:
385:
376:
375:
371:
362:
361:
357:
344:
343:
339:
322:
318:
308:
306:
302:
291:
287:
286:
279:
274:
266:Retention basin
242:
225:common redshank
169:
167:
163:
160:
155:
152:
150:
148:
147:
133:
111:
94:
47:retention basin
17:
12:
11:
5:
2206:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Stone skipping
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1917:Drop structure
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1897:Balancing lake
1894:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1824:Playfair's law
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1779:Exner equation
1776:
1771:
1766:
1764:Bradshaw model
1761:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1651:Urban flooding
1643:
1638:
1636:Crevasse splay
1633:
1631:100-year flood
1627:
1625:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1591:Surface runoff
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1571:Stream capture
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Rock-cut basin
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1325:Suspended load
1322:
1317:
1315:Secondary flow
1312:
1307:
1305:Retrogradation
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1270:Dissolved load
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1202:Spring horizon
1199:
1194:
1189:
1187:Mineral spring
1184:
1183:
1182:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1168:list in the US
1165:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1094:Stream channel
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:Drainage basin
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
976:Alluvial river
972:
970:
958:
957:
942:
941:
934:
927:
919:
910:
909:
907:
906:
901:
893:
888:
886:Water aeration
883:
878:
873:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
813:Aerated lagoon
809:
807:
803:
802:
800:
799:
797:Lake ecosystem
794:
789:
783:
781:
775:
774:
772:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
745:
743:
737:
736:
734:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
707:
705:
699:
698:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
634:
632:
628:
627:
620:
618:
616:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
558:Retention pond
555:
550:
548:Polishing pond
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
518:Immersion pond
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
488:Detention pond
485:
480:
475:
470:
468:Balancing lake
465:
459:
457:
451:
450:
439:
438:
431:
424:
416:
409:
408:
392:
390:
387:
384:
383:
369:
355:
337:
316:
276:
275:
273:
270:
269:
268:
263:
258:
253:
251:Surface runoff
248:
241:
238:
132:
129:
128:
127:
123:
110:
109:Other benefits
107:
93:
90:
59:balancing pond
35:balancing lake
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2205:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2114:Surface water
2112:
2110:
2109:Sacred waters
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:Riparian zone
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:Body of water
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Riverboarding
2026:
2024:
2023:River surfing
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:and modelling
1743:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1708:Return period
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1668:Flood control
1666:
1664:
1663:Flood barrier
1661:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
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1295:Palaeochannel
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1255:Granular flow
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1001:Channel types
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981:Braided river
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764:Goldfish pond
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648:Infinity pool
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578:Settling pond
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573:Sediment pond
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445:, pools, and
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401:0-900806-18-4
398:
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379:
378:"Willen Lake"
373:
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183:Milton Keynes
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57:. The term
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
28:
23:
19:
2152:Flash floods
2104:River cruise
2001:River sports
1896:
1854:Stream gauge
1839:Rouse number
1829:Relief ratio
1678:Flood-meadow
1609:Urban runoff
1523:Fluvial flow
1508:River valley
1478:River island
1443:Meander scar
1358:Alluvial fan
1300:Progradation
1175:Karst spring
1119:Winterbourne
1074:Chalk stream
1036:River source
1011:Distributary
897:Water Lilies
896:
891:Water garden
871:(M C Escher)
868:
818:Bakki shower
653:Natural pool
553:Raceway pond
483:Cooling pond
473:Ballast pond
467:
372:
358:
340:
331:The Guardian
329:
319:
307:. Retrieved
300:the original
256:Urban runoff
233:Canada geese
206:
202:
187:
142:
114:conditions.
112:
103:
99:
95:
82:storm sewers
71:
58:
42:
38:
34:
32:
18:
2013:Fly fishing
1937:Fish ladder
1922:Daylighting
1641:Flash flood
1604:First flush
1551:Plunge pool
1275:Downcutting
1260:Debris flow
1235:Aggradation
1109:Stream pool
843:Hydric soil
731:Seep puddle
693:Vernal pool
678:Stream pool
663:Plunge pool
528:Kettle pond
508:Garden pond
213:tufted duck
209:Common tern
198:Oxford Clay
190:river Ouzel
168: /
144:Willen Lake
92:Engineering
86:foul sewers
39:flood basin
2177:Categories
2119:Wild river
1799:Hydrograph
1789:Hack's law
1754:Baer's law
1698:Inundation
1683:Floodplain
1623:stormwater
1581:Whitewater
1453:Oxbow lake
1290:Knickpoint
1265:Deposition
1158:Hot spring
1099:Streamflow
1089:Stream bed
1006:Confluence
858:Pond liner
848:Phytotelma
779:Ecosystems
749:Beaver dam
658:Ocean pool
643:Brine pool
608:Waste pond
583:Solar pond
272:References
246:Stormwater
179:stormwater
153:52°03′25″N
120:aesthetics
2183:Hydrology
2089:Limnology
2038:Triathlon
2008:Canyoning
1977:Revetment
1907:Check dam
1819:Main stem
1576:Waterfall
1463:Point bar
1448:Mouth bar
1388:Billabong
1335:Water gap
1330:Wash load
1310:Saltation
1230:Anabranch
1153:Holy well
1041:Tributary
838:Full pond
759:Fish pond
754:Duck pond
711:Bird bath
688:Tide pool
593:Stew pond
543:Mill pond
538:Melt pond
156:0°43′10″W
27:Priorslee
1892:Aqueduct
1759:Baseflow
1726:Effluent
1403:Cut bank
1368:Avulsion
1245:Bed load
1225:Abrasion
769:Koi pond
598:Tailings
588:Stepwell
563:Sag pond
533:Log pond
513:Ice pond
493:Dew pond
463:Ash pond
240:See also
74:rainfall
51:flooding
2069:Aquifer
2062:Related
2018:Rafting
1546:Meander
1541:Log jam
1503:Thalweg
1408:Estuary
1280:Erosion
1217:erosion
1129:Springs
1084:Current
1051:Streams
991:Channel
954:springs
950:streams
899:(Monet)
863:Ponding
806:Related
703:Puddles
447:puddles
309:11 June
126:season.
63:streams
1864:WAFLEX
1736:Sewage
1619:Floods
1561:Riffle
1556:Rapids
1498:Strath
1468:Ravine
1393:Canyon
1148:Geyser
1079:Coulee
1064:Bourne
1059:Arroyo
962:Rivers
946:Rivers
876:Spring
869:Puddle
721:Puddle
399:
217:ringed
78:rivers
67:brooks
55:waters
37:(also
1962:Levee
1947:Flume
1902:Canal
1646:Flood
1566:Shoal
1433:Gully
1428:Gulch
1398:Chine
1383:Bayou
1240:Armor
1192:Ponor
967:lists
741:Biome
631:Pools
455:Ponds
443:Ponds
303:(PDF)
292:(PDF)
1992:Weir
1957:Leat
1621:and
1513:Wadi
1473:Rill
1438:Glen
1423:Gill
1373:Bank
1215:and
1180:list
1163:list
1134:list
1069:Burn
952:and
904:Well
603:Tarn
478:Beel
397:ISBN
311:2021
227:and
219:and
84:and
65:and
1912:Dam
1378:Bar
1353:Ait
231:.
41:or
2179::
948:,
348:.
328:.
294:.
280:^
223:,
215:,
211:,
69:.
33:A
1136:)
1132:(
969:)
965:(
938:e
931:t
924:v
435:e
428:t
421:v
403:(
352:.
334:.
313:.
146:(
29:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
